CN109017751A - 用于运行机动车的方法和控制器 - Google Patents

用于运行机动车的方法和控制器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109017751A
CN109017751A CN201810577018.6A CN201810577018A CN109017751A CN 109017751 A CN109017751 A CN 109017751A CN 201810577018 A CN201810577018 A CN 201810577018A CN 109017751 A CN109017751 A CN 109017751A
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China
Prior art keywords
torque
clutch
speed
converters
drive assembly
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Granted
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CN201810577018.6A
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CN109017751B (zh
Inventor
F·比勒
T·伦普
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B60W10/024—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches including control of torque converters
    • B60W10/026—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches including control of torque converters of lock-up clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00—External control of clutches
    • F16D48/06—Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/14—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches
    • F16H61/143—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F16H61/14—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches
    • F16H61/143—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means
    • F16H2061/145—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means for controlling slip, e.g. approaching target slip value
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/912—Drive line clutch
    • Y10S903/914—Actuated, e.g. engaged or disengaged by electrical, hydraulic or mechanical means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车的方法和控制器，所述机动车具有驱动总成(1)、从动装置(3)、变速器(2)以及起动元件(4)，起动元件为变矩器跨接离合器(6)或起动离合器。从一种状态出发——在该状态中起动元件闭合以及变速器是动力啮合的并且因此驱动总成转速耦合到从动装置转速上，通过事件触发，将起动元件置于打滑中，并且因此使得驱动总成转速与从动装置转速解耦，以便使得驱动总成转速在与从动装置转速解耦的情况下改变，其中，在确定起动元件传递能力的起动元件压力操控未降低的情况下，为驱动总成规定额定转速或额定力矩，使得与额定转速相关的力矩或者所述额定力矩大于起动元件的传递能力，并且因此在起动元件上建立打滑。

Description

用于运行机动车的方法和控制器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车的方法。本发明还涉及一种用于执行该方法的控制器。
背景技术
机动车具有驱动总成、变速器以及从动装置，变速器连接在驱动总成与从动装置之间。变速器转换转速和转矩并且在从动装置上提供驱动总成的牵引力供应。机动车还具有起动元件。
起动元件可以是具有变矩器跨接离合器的变矩器或者也可以是起动离合器，起动离合器可以构成为在变速器内部的或者在变速器外部的起动离合器。机动车的驱动总成可以是内燃机或者电机或者混合驱动装置，该混合驱动装置不仅包括内燃机而且包括电机。
当驱动总成是混合驱动装置时，通常在内燃机与电机之间连接分离离合器，以便在打开分离离合器的情况下使内燃机静止，并且于是仅仅使用电机来驱动机动车。
当在具有变矩器的机动车中变矩器跨接离合器闭合或者在没有变矩器的机动车中在变速器内部的或者在变速器外部的起动离合器闭合时，并且还当变速器动力啮合时，即当驱动总成转速通过变速器传动而耦合到从动装置转速上时，通过由运行引起的事件可能必要的是，驱动总成的转速与从动装置转速解耦，以便使得驱动总成转速在与从动装置转速解耦的情况下改变、尤其是提高。
这例如在以下情况可能是必要的：例如具有混合驱动装置的纯电动运行的机动车在行驶方向上观察在斜坡中处于上坡并且变矩器跨接离合器的传递能力或者起动离合器的传递能力对于将起动所需的力矩朝着从动装置传递是过小的。另外，例如也可以必要的是：当电蓄能器的充电状态过小并且电蓄能器应通过驱动总成进行充电时，提高驱动总成转速。
当在变矩器跨接离合器闭合或者起动离合器闭合的情况下以及在变速器动力啮合的情况下驱动总成应该与从动装置解耦时，在由实践已知的用于运行机动车的方法中如此进行，使得变矩器跨接离合器的传递能力或者起动离合器的传递能力通过变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器的压力操控的相应降低而被减小。因此于是变矩器跨接离合器或者起动离合器置于打滑中，以便使得驱动总成转速与从动装置转速解耦并且随后使得驱动总成转速在与从动装置转速解耦的情况下改变、优选提高。由于以相应地降低压力操控的方式来减小变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器的传递能力，因此可以朝着从动装置传递较少的力矩，使得变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器的置于打滑中在从动装置上是可感觉到的。当机动车处于斜坡中时，因此可以引起在斜坡中的机动车的倒退。
由DE102006018058A1已知一种机动车，其包括混合驱动装置、构成为变矩器的起动元件和变速器。在该现有技术中公开多种不同的用于机动车的起动过程，在这些起动过程中改变变矩器跨接离合器的传递能力，以便使得驱动力矩无打滑地从变矩器跨接离合器朝着从动装置传递。
由DE102015208402A1已知另一种机动车，其包括混合驱动装置、构成为变矩器的起动元件以及变速器。当要求解耦时，变矩器跨接离合器置于打滑中，并且当变矩器跨接离合器上的打滑等于或大于界限值时，紧接着规定用于驱动总成的电机的额定转速。
发明内容
由此出发，本发明的目的在于，实现一种新型的用于运行机动车的方法以及一种用于运行机动车的控制器。
所述目的通过按本发明的用于运行机动车的方法达到，所述机动车具有驱动总成、从动装置、变速器以及起动元件，变速器连接在驱动总成与从动装置之间，所述起动元件要么构成为具有变矩器跨接离合器的变矩器要么构成为在变速器内部的或者在变速器外部的起动离合器。从一种状态出发——在该状态中变矩器跨接离合器或者在变速器内部的或在变速器外部的起动离合器闭合以及变速器是动力啮合的并且因此驱动总成转速耦合到从动装置转速上，通过事件、尤其是要求较高驱动总成转速的事件触发，将变矩器跨接离合器或者在变速器内部的或在变速器外部的起动离合器置于打滑中，并且因此使得驱动总成转速与从动装置转速解耦，以便使得驱动总成转速在与从动装置转速解耦的情况下改变、尤其是提高。
按本发明，变矩器跨接离合器或者在变速器内部的或在变速器外部的起动离合器以如下方式置于打滑中：在变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器的、确定变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器的传递能力的压力操控未降低的情况下，为驱动总成规定额定转速或额定力矩，使得与额定转速相关的力矩或者所述额定力矩大于变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器的传递能力，并且因此在变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器上建立打滑。
通过本发明，变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器按新式方式置于打滑中，而且使得变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器置于打滑中在朝着从动装置传递力矩方面不产生影响。变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器置于打滑中因此是对车轮力矩中性的。这不仅出于舒适性和安全性原因是有利的，而且也在行驶动力学方面是有利的。
优选的是，当在由变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器传递的力矩与同时存在的变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器的传递能力之间的差值达到或低于界限值时，才实现用于在变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器上建立打滑的额定转速或额定力矩的规定。因此，额定转速或额定力矩的规定不导致由变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器传递的力矩的提高，而是导致打滑的建立。因此避免机动车的不期望的加速过程。
优选的是，变矩器跨接离合器或者在变速器内部的或在变速器外部的起动离合器在方法开始时即在时间上直接在规定额定转速或额定力矩之前处于微打滑中。微打滑的特点在于离合器半体的非常小的转速差，例如在5转/分与10转/分之间。在这种状态中，驱动总成转速与从动装置转速继续耦合。通过这种初始状态保证，额定转速或额定力矩的规定导致在变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器上的打滑的建立。由于小的转速差，向打滑的离合器输入的能量是小的。
按照本发明的一种优选的进一步方案，以时间控制和/或事件控制的方式，在规定额定转速或额定力矩之后或者在建立打滑之后，改变变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器的压力操控，使得紧接着重新卸除在变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器上的打滑。跟随变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器置于打滑之后，重新卸除打滑，或者说重新建立微打滑状态。因此防止变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器过载。
按照本发明的一种优选的进一步方案，为了建立打滑，规定用于驱动总成的额定转速，使得额定转速斜坡状地提高，并且随后，优选与以时间控制和/或事件控制的方式改变压力操控一起，根据驾驶员期望和/或根据控制侧的规定进一步提高额定转速。优选用于驱动总成的额定转速的规定，其用于在变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器上建立打滑。通过斜坡状地提高用于建立打滑的额定转速，打滑可以明确地且舒适地在变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器上建立。通过随后进一步提高额定转速，可以舒适地考虑到驾驶员期望或控制侧的规定。
按照本发明的一种优选的进一步方案，为了建立打滑，在优选以时间控制和/或事件控制的方式改变变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器的压力操控之前，根据驾驶员期望和/或根据控制侧的规定提高压力操控。变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器已经置于打滑中可以通过载荷添加实现，以便明确地且舒适地考虑到驾驶员期望或控制侧的规定。
优选额定转速或额定力矩根据驾驶员期望规定。这也用于在离合器置于打滑中时以及在随后卸除打滑时考虑驾驶员期望。
优选驱动单元包括内燃机和电机，在内燃机与电机之间的力流能借助于可控的分离离合器分离。用于在变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器上建立打滑的额定转速或额定力矩的实施优选仅仅借助于电机实现，因为转矩借助于电机的调节精度和调节速度比内燃机的调节精度和调节速度更精确或更高。
按本发明的用于机动车的控制器、尤其是变速器控制器在控制侧执行根据本发明的方法。
附图说明
优选的进一步方案由后续说明得到。本发明的实施例借助于附图更详细地解释，但本发明不限制于实施例。附图如下：
图1是机动车的驱动传动系的简图；
图2是机动车的替换的驱动传动系的简图；
图3是用于解释本发明的时间图表。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车的方法和控制器以及一种用于执行所述方法的控制器。
图1显示机动车的示例性的驱动传动系简图，在该机动车中可以采用所述方法。
图1的机动车包括驱动总成1、变速器2和从动装置3，变速器2连接在驱动总成1与从动装置之间。
变速器2优选是自动变速器，其提供多个挡位，并且其与接合的挡位相关地转换转速和转矩，并且将驱动总成1的牵引力供应提供在从动装置3上。
在图1的所示的实施例中，驱动总成1构成为混合驱动装置，其包括内燃机1a和电机1b，在内燃机1a与电机1b之间连接分离离合器7。在分离离合器7打开时，内燃机1a可以解耦并且在解耦状态下被停止。
图1的机动车另外具有起动元件4，其在图1中构成为具有变矩器跨接离合器6的变矩器5。该起动元件4连接在驱动总成1与变速器2之间。在此，变矩器5的涡轮5a耦合到变速器2的变速器输入轴8上，变矩器5的泵轮5b耦合到驱动侧的轴14上。
从动装置3耦合到变速器2的变速器输出轴9上。
图1另外显示机动车的液压供应装置的耦合到驱动侧的轴14上的主泵10，该主泵10是由驱动轴14机械驱动的油泵。在图1中显示的具有混合驱动装置的混合动力车辆除了该机械驱动的主泵10之外还包括电驱动的副泵11，该副泵由电动机12驱动。
如果这样的机动车在内燃机1a静止时仅仅通过电机1b运行，并且电机1b例如在机动车静止时静止，于是机械驱动的主泵10不能维持例如用于变速器2的供油，更准确地说在这种情况下电的副泵11需要通过电动机12驱动，以便保证用于变速器2以及也用于变矩器4的液压油供应。
本发明现在涉及一种方法，例如用于运行图1的具有驱动传动系的机动车，而且从机动车的一种状态出发——在该状态中在图1中变矩器跨接离合器6闭合，变速器2是动力啮合的并且因此驱动总成转速耦合到从动装置转速上，在该状态中变速器2将由驱动总成1提供的力矩朝着从动装置3传递，即变速器2动力啮合地或者说传递力矩地运行。变矩器跨接离合器6在这种状态中也可以具有微打滑，即在5转/分与10转/分之间的示例性的范围内的小的转速差。
在这种状态中，通过优选要求较高驱动总成转速的事件触发，在图1的机动车中，应将变矩器跨接离合器6置于打滑中，以便因此使得驱动总成转速与从动装置转速解耦，并且在驱动总成转速与从动装置转速解耦的情况下优选提高驱动总成转速。
在机动车的这种运行状态的具体情况下，机动车可以例如在内燃机1a静止、分离离合器7打开、电机1b运行、变矩器跨接离合器6闭合并且变速器2动力啮合的情况下在斜坡中在前进行驶方向上观察上坡时以小的速度滚动，在此，变速器2朝着从动装置3传递力矩。于是由于电机1b的小转速，机械的主泵10不能保证用于变速器2和变矩器5以及变矩器跨接离合器6的充足的液压油供应，于是因此电的副泵11通过电动机12驱动，以便提供限定的油压，通过电的副泵11可提供的油压是有限的，因此用于变矩器跨接离合器6以及用于变速器2中的切换元件的压力操控也是有限的，使得它们的传递能力不对应于最大可能的传递能力，而是与由电的副泵11提供的油压相关并且因此是有限的。如果从这种状态出发图1的机动车应该在斜坡中加速，则需要为了传递更高的力矩而提高油压，但是这通过电的副泵11是不可能的，因此需要通过机械的主泵10提高油压。于是由于这样的事件，驱动总成1需要在转速方面与从动装置3解耦，以便通过提高驱动总成1的转速——在上述实施例中通过提高电机1b的转速——来提高驱动轴14的转速并且因此经由机械的主泵10提供较高的油压。
为此，在图1中显示的实施例中变矩器跨接离合器6以如下方式置于打滑中：在变矩器跨接离合器6的未减小的确定变矩器跨接离合器6传递能力的压力操控的情况下，未减小的力矩能被变矩器跨接离合器朝着从动装置3传递，在此，为驱动总成1规定额定转速或额定力矩，使得与额定转速相关的力矩或额定力矩大于变矩器跨接离合器6的传递能力，于是因此在变矩器跨接离合器6上建立打滑。
在此可能的是，在变矩器跨接离合器6上打滑时驱动总成转速在与从动装置转速解耦的情况下提高，并且因此在具体应用情况中驱动机械主泵10用以提高油压力供应。
紧接在限定的打滑建立之后，随后改变变矩器跨接离合器6的压力操控，以便又卸除在变矩器跨接离合器上的打滑。
紧接在之前执行的打滑建立之后用于卸除在变矩器跨接离合器上的打滑的、变矩器跨接离合器6的压力操控的这种改变优选以时间控制和/或事件控制的方式在规定额定转速或额定力矩之后进行，并且因此以时间控制和/或事件控制的方式在变矩器跨接离合器6上建立打滑之后进行。
因此例如可以设定，检测主泵10的转速，并且当主泵10的转速达到界限值或者大于该界限值时，随后以事件控制的方式改变用于变矩器跨接离合器6的压力操控，即用于随后又卸除在变矩器跨接离合器上的打滑。取而代之，可以设定，完全打开变矩器跨接离合器6。
也可以与测量的或计算的机动车加速度相关地紧接在建立打滑之后以事件控制的方式改变变矩器跨接离合器6的压力操控，以便又降低在变矩器跨接离合器上的打滑。
作为紧接在建立打滑之后的这种以事件控制的方式改变变矩器跨接离合器6的压力操控的替换或补充，也可以进行变矩器跨接离合器6的压力操控的以时间控制的方式的改变，即在规定额定转速或额定力矩之后走完限定的时间段之后或者在建立打滑之后走完限定的时间段之后。
另外，上述事件控制可以与上述时间控制相结合，尤其是如此相结合，使得用于打滑的最大允许的时间不允许被超过，但是与相应的事件相关、例如与机动车加速度相关在开始建立打滑之后可以在走完该最大时间之前进行引起打滑卸除的压力操控的改变。
在图3中关于时间t显示多个时间曲线过程15、16、17、18、19和20，而且针对以下情况：在变矩器跨接离合器6闭合、变速器2动力啮合的情况下，机动车在前进行驶方向上在斜坡中以小速度上坡滚动。在时刻t0出现一个事件，该事件要求驱动总成1的较高的转速。在此，曲线过程15描述用于驱动总成1、即在图1中用于电机1b的额定转速规定值，在图3中的额定转速规定值在时刻t0之前为零。曲线过程16描述在变速器输入端上、即在变速器输入轴8上的转速。曲线过程17描述由驱动总成1提供的力矩。曲线过程18描述用于变矩器跨接离合器6的压力操控，曲线过程19显示马达调节器干预。马达调节器按照额定转速规定值通过影响驱动总成1的转矩来调节驱动总成1的转速。如果额定转速提高，则马达调节器因此为驱动总成1规定一个附加的转矩，以便克服驱动总成1的惯性并且提高驱动总成的转速。曲线过程20显示驱动总成1的实际转速，其服从额定转速规定值。
在图3的时刻t0存在事件，该事件要求较高的驱动总成转速。这例如可以是这样一个事件，其通过电蓄能器的过低的充电状态而触发或者也通过用于机动车的供油***的要被提高的压力需求而触发，以便例如随后以较高的速度上坡行驶。因此，在图3中在时刻t0，额定转速规定值15首先突变地初始化到驱动总成1的实际转速，并且随后斜坡状地提高。
在此，图3以用于曲线过程15、16、17、18和19的实线分别显示用于如下情况的曲线过程：在该情况中不进行负荷添加，在该负荷添加中在斜坡中爬行时爬行速度应保持不变。因此在图3中在变速器输入端8上的转速16保持不变。按曲线过程17由驱动总成1提供的力矩通过额定转速规定值15略微提高。由于在时刻t0出现要求提高驱动总成转速的事件，随后不仅额定转速斜坡状地提高，更准确地说，按曲线过程18，用于变矩器跨接离合器6的压力操控对于没有负荷添加的情况保持不变。因此，用于变矩器跨接离合器6的压力操控不降低，而是对于没有负荷添加的情况保持恒定。额定转速规定值15引起马达调节器干预(请见曲线过程19)。与额定转速规定值15相关的马达力矩大于因压力操控未改变(曲线过程18)而能由变矩器跨接离合器6传递的力矩，使得在变矩器跨接离合器6上建立打滑。在时刻t1，在进行压力建立之后以时间控制或事件控制的方式改变用于变矩器跨接离合器6的压力操控(请见曲线过程18)，以便又卸除在变矩器跨接离合器上的打滑。
图3以曲线过程15′、16′、17′、18′和19′分别以虚线显示上面参考图3说明的用于在斜坡中的爬行情况的方法的变型方案，而且是具有负荷添加的变型方案，即例如应该优选与驾驶员期望相关地提高车辆的爬行速度或行驶速度的变型方案。为此，在时刻t0与t1之间斜坡状地提高额定转速保持不变。由曲线过程18′可见，在时刻t0提高变矩器跨接离合器6的传递能力。另外，例如由于与驾驶员期望相关的负荷添加，与曲线过程17、19相比，也提高马达力矩17′或额定转速规定值15′并且因此提高通过马达调节器的干预19′，以便使得提高的动力学变得适宜。当在时刻t1又以时间控制和/或事件控制的方式随后又应该卸除在变矩器跨接离合器6上的打滑时，如由曲线过程18′可见，随后改变用于变矩器跨接离合器6的压力操控。但是与驾驶员期望力矩相关，与曲线过程15相比，具有负荷添加的额定转速规定值15′提高，并且因此变速器输入端转速16′也提高。
因此，由参考图3说明的实施例得出，用于驱动总成1的额定转速是与驾驶员期望相关的，作为替换或补充，也与控制侧的规定值相关。额定转速或额定力矩优选与驾驶员期望和/或控制侧的规定值相关地确定。
参考图1和3，已针对具有起动元件4的驱动传动系来说明本发明，该起动元件构成为具有变矩器跨接离合器6的变矩器5。本发明不限制于这样的机动车，而是本发明也可以应用在图2所示的机动车中，其具有在变速器内部的起动离合器13作为起动元件。在其他方面，为了避免不必要的重复，对于相同的结构组件使用相同的附图标记。
因此，在本发明的意义中，当在变速器2动力啮合并且起动元件传力的情况下驱动总成1的转速应该与从动装置3的转速解耦地优选被提高时，在控制侧规定用于驱动总成的额定转速或额定力矩，而且使得驱动总成1的规定的额定力矩或与额定转速相关的力矩大于起动元件的传递能力，使得于是在起动元件上建立打滑，因此，驱动总成1与从动装置3在转速方面解耦，以便优选提高驱动总成1的转速。由于起动元件的传递能力不降低，而是至少保持恒定，驱动总成1的转速的提高可以以对车轮力矩中性的方式执行。与驾驶员期望或者其他的控制侧的事件相关，也可以附加地建立马达力矩，即用于提供负荷添加。
本发明还涉及一种用于执行本发明方法的控制器，其中，控制器优选构成为变速器控制器，并且所述方法在控制侧执行。控制器因此为此通过相应的控制信号控制参与执行本发明方法的结构组件，例如用于压力操控起动元件的阀以及马达控制器。
为了执行本发明方法，按本发明的控制器包括硬件侧的和软件侧的措施。
属于硬件侧措施的有数据接口，以便参与执行本发明方法的结构组件通过数据接***换数据。属于硬件侧措施的还有用于处理数据的处理器以及用于存储数据的存储器。属于软件侧措施的有用于执行本发明方法的程序模块。
附图标记列表
1 驱动总成
1a 内燃机
1b 电机
2 变速器
3 从动装置
4 起动元件
5 变矩器
5a 涡轮
5b 泵轮
6 变矩器跨接离合器
7 分离离合器
8 变速器输入轴
9 变速器输出轴
10 主泵
11 副泵
12 电动机
13 起动离合器
14 轴
15,15′ 曲线过程
16,16′ 曲线过程
17,17′ 曲线过程
18,18′ 曲线过程
19,19′ 曲线过程
20 曲线过程

Claims (10)

1.一种用于运行机动车的方法，所述机动车具有驱动总成(1)、从动装置(3)、变速器(2)以及起动元件(4)，变速器(2)连接在驱动总成(1)与从动装置(3)之间，所述起动元件(4)要么构成为具有变矩器跨接离合器(6)的变矩器(5)要么构成为在变速器内部的或者在变速器外部的起动离合器(13)；
从一种状态出发——在该状态中变矩器跨接离合器(6)或者在变速器内部的或在变速器外部的起动离合器(13)闭合以及变速器(2)是动力啮合的并且因此驱动总成转速耦合到从动装置转速上，通过事件、尤其是要求较高驱动总成转速的事件触发，将变矩器跨接离合器(6)或者在变速器内部的或在变速器外部的起动离合器(13)置于打滑中，并且因此使得驱动总成转速与从动装置转速解耦，以便使得驱动总成转速在与从动装置转速解耦的情况下改变、尤其是提高；
其特征在于，
变矩器跨接离合器(6)或者在变速器内部的或在变速器外部的起动离合器(13)以如下方式置于打滑中：在变矩器跨接离合器(6)或起动离合器(13)的、确定变矩器跨接离合器(6)或起动离合器(13)的传递能力的压力操控未降低的情况下，为驱动总成(1)规定额定转速或额定力矩，使得与额定转速相关的力矩或者所述额定力矩大于变矩器跨接离合器(6)或起动离合器(13)的传递能力，并且因此在变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器上建立打滑。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，当在由变矩器跨接离合器(6)或者在变速器内部的或在变速器外部的起动离合器(13)传递的力矩与同时存在的变矩器跨接离合器(6)或起动离合器(13)的传递能力之间的差值达到或低于界限值时，才规定额定转速或额定力矩。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述状态——在该状态中变矩器跨接离合器(6)或者在变速器内部的或在变速器外部的起动离合器(13)闭合以及变速器(2)是动力啮合的并且因此驱动总成转速耦合到从动装置转速上——是变矩器跨接离合器(6)或起动离合器(13)的微打滑。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，以时间控制和/或事件控制的方式在规定额定转速或额定力矩之后，或者以时间控制和/或事件控制的方式在建立打滑之后，改变变矩器跨接离合器(6)或起动离合器(13)的压力操控。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，为了建立打滑，规定用于驱动总成(1)的额定转速，使得额定转速斜坡状地提高，并且随后，优选与以时间控制和/或事件控制的方式改变压力操控一起，根据驾驶员期望和/或根据控制侧的规定值进一步提高额定转速。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的方法，其特征在于，为了建立打滑，在优选以时间控制和/或事件控制的方式改变变矩器跨接离合器(6)或起动离合器(13)的压力操控之前，根据驾驶员期望和/或根据控制侧的规定值提高压力操控。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，根据驾驶员期望规定额定转速或额定力矩。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，驱动单元(1)包括内燃机(1a)和电机(1b)，在内燃机(1a)与电机(1b)之间连接分离离合器(7)，其中，用于在变矩器跨接离合器(6)或起动离合器(13)上建立打滑的额定转速或额定力矩的实施仅仅借助于电机(1b)实现。
9.一种用于机动车的控制器、尤其是变速器控制器，所述控制器在控制侧执行根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法。
10.根据权利要求9所述的控制器，其特征在于，
当从一种状态出发——在该状态中变矩器跨接离合器(6)或者在变速器内部的或在变速器外部的起动离合器(13)闭合以及变速器(2)是动力啮合的并且因此驱动总成转速耦合到从动装置转速上，尤其是通过要求较高驱动总成转速的事件触发，控制器将变矩器跨接离合器(6)或者在变速器内部的或在变速器外部的起动离合器(13)在控制侧置于打滑中，并且因此在控制侧使得驱动总成转速与从动装置转速解耦；
控制器以如下方式在控制侧将变矩器跨接离合器(6)或者在变速器内部的或在变速器外部的起动离合器(13)置于打滑中：控制器不降低变矩器跨接离合器(6)或起动离合器(13)的、确定变矩器跨接离合器(6)或起动离合器(13)的传递能力的压力操控，并且为驱动总成(1)规定额定转速或额定力矩，使得与额定转速相关的力矩或者所述额定力矩大于变矩器跨接离合器(6)或起动离合器(13)的传递能力，并且因此在变矩器跨接离合器或起动离合器上建立打滑。
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