CN109006104A

CN109006104A - It is a kind of to can reduce the sick implantation methods of blueberry

Info

Publication number: CN109006104A
Application number: CN201810702047.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 袁甜甜; 袁志永
Original assignee: Tianjin Xiawalan Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Tianjin Xiawalan Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-06-30
Filing date: 2018-06-30
Publication date: 2018-12-18

Abstract

It is a kind of to can reduce the sick implantation methods of blueberry, it the steps include: (1) selection of land site preparation；(2) scaffolding sets column；(3) science seed selection；(4) transplanted plantlet；(5) field management: including fertilizer and water management, branch-finishing and pruning, tillage and weeding, timely collecting, the cold-proof overwintering and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The present invention effectively controls the disease incidence of blueberry plant, improves and survive quantity according to the advantageous planning of each step of planting process, is subject to scientific field management, improves fruit yield, reduces fruit storage amount of decay.

Description

It is a kind of to can reduce the sick implantation methods of blueberry

Technical field

The present invention relates to blueberry implantation methods more particularly to a kind of it can reduce the sick implantation methods of blueberry.

Background technique

Blueberry is perennial deciduous shrub, sets high 1.5-2m, fruit ellipse, bunchiness cluster, glittering and translucent, fruity perfume Sweet and tasty mouth, ascorbic content are 6 times of grape, and especially contained ellagic acid is confirmed to be that pre- anti-cancer is most effective by scientist Substance can also process in addition to fresh food in inspissated juice or pulp, by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) be classified as " natural green food " and " healthy food ", market prospects are extremely wide.

The blueberry plantation in China has focused largely on northeast at present, few in southern china plantation, due to southern climates, topography The reason of, the blueberry for causing south to plant regardless of in terms of the output value, mouthfeel, all cannot compared with the blueberry of north of China, So the cultivated area of China's blueberry only has tens of thousands of mus, and product, mainly based on outlet, supply falls short of demand for international market, domestic Market demand rapid development, but the survival rate of blueberry plantation is not high, is likely to generate various diseases in each period of plantation Evil, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are the important link in blueberry cultivation management, blade, stem, the root of various pest and disease damage main harm blueberries System and flowers and fruits cause Growth status impaired development, yield to reduce, fruit commodity value reduces, or even loses commodity value, harm The pest and disease damage of blueberry has hundreds of, and most commonly seen, the more serious disease of harm mainly has root knot, gray mold, mummy virus Deng for these diseases with the continuous expansion of its cultivated area, the trend of exacerbation is also presented in disease, as root knot occurs mainly in not It adjusts in plot and the cuttage and seedling culture canopy of acid, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens are infected, the phase of originating is mostly late spring or early summer, and gray mold exists This disease of colored and fruit development period most easy infection, it is aggrieved by open single flower and be transmitted on bud and inflorescence quickly, occur one layer Fine gray powder dirt shape object, then flower, inflorescence, anthocaulus and holder become black and wither, and after fruit infection, small berries rupture is rotten Rotten, mummy is also one of harm disease the most serious, the area morbidity that spring is rainy, air themperature is high or winter low temperature is long It is even more serious, and the spore germination on the berry of the previous year landing, it can be again introduced into second year circulation infringement, virosis makes fruit The real maturity period extends, and seriously affects the yield and quality of fruit, and virus is propagated by the nematode in soil mostly, furthermore blue The certain kind of berries is also possible to suffer from nutritional deficiency disease, because the soil of blueberry suitable growth is that pH4~4.8 are often led when adjusting unexpected acidity Certain elements in soil are caused to lack and cause plant strain growth bad.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides in order to solve the above problem, provides a kind of scientific and reasonable blueberry plantation that can reduce pest and disease damage Method.

The technical solution used in the present invention:

It is a kind of to can reduce the sick implantation methods of blueberry, it the steps include:

(1) selection of land site preparation: selection soil layer is deep, transplants in flakes in acid soil, and pH value 4~5 thoroughly removed before the autumn and winter Deadwood, fallen leaves, shedding, concentration are burnt in orchard, buried or burn after finding sclerotium, are leveled land before plantation, with decomposed farmers' Based on fertilizer, every 660m²Farmyard manure 5000kg is applied, mechanical work tilling depth is not less than 30cm, Land leveling；

(2) scaffolding sets column: fly net frame is built in the field of blueberry to be planted, it is with fly net that fly net frame is whole It covers to form an insect-proof net chamber, the contact portion of fly net surrounding and soil is compacted to prevent pest from slipping into insect-proof net chamber Oviposition is arranged in rows in cement pillar in insect-proof net chamber, draws twice or three iron wires between pillar；

(3) science seed selection: selecting high-quality, efficient and strong disease resistance kind according to ecological environment, and select detoxification stock, Infected plant is destroyed, carries out soil disinfection before transplanting；

(4) transplanted plantlet: before blueberry plantation, the strong sprout first by mitogenetic breeding and mound layering carries out root system pruning, cuts Old root, old complaint, weak are removed, then impregnates 3~5min of seedling root with 1% copper-bath, nursery stock disinfection is carried out, then uses water Cleaning, and be colonized after impregnating 2~4h, blueberry kind planting ditch, ditch and 3~3.5m of ditch centre distance, deeply 60 have been dug in insect-proof net chamber Surface soil is first backfilled to 15~20cm of bottom of trench by~65cm, wide 70~75cm, and organic fertilizer and the soil of application are sufficiently mixed, will be blue Certain kind of berries seedling finally fills out ditch with mellow soil in from nursery stock transplanting to the ditch dug, and every cave plants 7~8 plants, line-spacing 0.6m × 2.0~2.3m, Mu uses seedling 2100~2500；

(5) field management: including fertilizer and water management, branch-finishing and pruning, tillage and weeding, timely collecting, cold-proof overwintering and pest and disease damage Prevention and treatment.

The fertilizer and water management: keeping ground moistening in planting process, every spray in first trimester after blueberry plantation Liquid level water is spilt, seedling robust growth is promoted, total fertilization amount 80% is accounted for organic fertilizer in Seedling Stage and phase top dressing of yielding positive results, per acre Apply dung polluted water 1200kg, every minor tick 30 days, remaining 20% compound fertilizer for applying nitrogen, phosphorus, three element of potassium blooms with first fruiting period with nitrogen Fertilizer accounts for 60% fertilising of total fertilization amount, and the best fruiting period is accounted for 70% fertilising of total fertilization amount with phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, reinforces foliage top dressing, use There is control watering and fertilising after gray mold, centralized processing disease in 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage-spray, discovery plant Fruit, sick leaf, spray protection.

The branch-finishing and pruning: the raw branch of a large amount of base of the annual pumping of blueberry branch base portion kidnaps the fruitful branch of pumping on branch Rational pruning, 6~8 branches of every plant of beta pruning density reservation of spring pruning are carried out, the summer cuts after the raw branch of primitive is all sprouted, shoot elongation Carried out when to 30~40cm, mainly to the raw branch trimming of base, when trimming stay go by force weak, sparse to branch plant carry out pinching 8~ 10cm promotes lateral bud to sprout branch, and fall pruning first wipes out bearing basal shoot, followed by the raw branch cutting back of base, i.e. dormant period It trims, after fruit harvesting, flush with ground wipes out bearing basal shoot immediately；

The tillage and weeding: mid-April~the first tenday period of a month in May carry out first time intertillage, and depth is advisable with 10~12cm, is rooted out Ground weeds reduce the consumption of soil moisture, carry out late May~mid-June intertilling for second, 18~20cm of depth, by ground Source of evils cutting in lower part reduces nutrient consumption, and mid-June~late June carries out third time and shallowly loosens the soil, 8~10cm of depth, fruit If soil hardening after harvesting, then intertilled twice, 10~15cm of depth, guarantees root system normal growth and development；

The timely collecting: stopping pouring water in picking first half of the month, and Preharvest calcium spray can increase the calcium content in fruit, The storage property for keeping the hardness enhancing fruit of fruit, improves the erosion resistance of fruit, generally every other day harvesting is primary, avoids touching Wound, post-harvest fruits are placed on shady place, sunlight are avoided to irradiate, disinfection and sterilization, storage period antibacterial processing before storing；

Described is cold-proof overwintering: freeze injury occurs mainly in spring, and in cold district blueberry cultivation, overwintering protection is also to protect The important measures of yield, plant entire breeding time, bud generate freeze injury when being lower than -7 DEG C, and bud generates jelly when being lower than -4 DEG C It does harm to, 3 DEG C of generation freeze injuries of florescence, it is cold-proof overwintering described in the 2 DEG C of generation freeze injuries of fallen flowers and shedding phase: to take blizzard cold-proof, cover With a thickness of the 2/3~3/4 of tree body height, with a thickness of 15~30cm；Soil burial winter protection is taken, or before entering the winter, branch is overwhelmed, is covered The shallow soil of lid covers branch；Or overwintering protection is carried out using tree body mulching straw, leaf, the piece of sack, straw woven bag；Or It is largely poured water according to weather condition progress ground, influences of plant crown sprinkling irrigation moisturizing.

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: the main pest and disease damage of blueberry is root knot, gray mold, mummy virus, and root knot is used 0.2% copper sulphate, 0.2%-0.5% agricultural streptomycin pouring root, 15 days primary, 2-3 times continuous, roots out disease tumor, carries out to wound Disinfection cleaning, gray mold spray 50% Sukeling, 1500 times of liquid or 40% apply 800 times of good pleasure after spending before blooming to early flowering season and thanking Liquid, or 50% ambam, 500~1000 times of liquid, 50% benomyl wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid are sprayed before spending, or anti-with other Gray mold medicament；But fruiting period forbids spraying, in case pollution fruit, causes pesticide residue；Mummy according to different stage of development, Using different medicaments, early spring sprays 0.5% urea, controls the initial period of mummy, and 50% Sukeling control is sprayed before blooming 50% procymidone, 1000~1200 times of liquid, 70% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times of liquid, 70% are selected in Growing season morbidity processed 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl, 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid or 40% dimethachlon l500~2000 times liquid are one such or several Kind medicament；Iron Deficiency Chlorosis mugineic acid fertilizer ammonium sulfate in nutritional deficiency disease, and acid turf, foliage-spray are mixed in the soil Iron 0.1%~0.3% is integrated, grass tetany applies magnesia to soil to rescue, and boron deficiency disease is sufficiently poured water, foliage-spray 0.3%~ 0.5% borax soln can be rescued；

The storage period, antibacterial processing used SO₂As disinfection and sterilization medicament.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention effectively controls indigo plant according to the advantageous planning of each step of planting process The disease incidence of certain kind of berries plant, improves and survives quantity, is subject to scientific field management, improves fruit yield, reduces fruit storage and rots Amount.

Specific embodiment

(1) selection of land site preparation: selection soil layer is deep, transplants in flakes in acid soil, and pH value 4~5 thoroughly removed before the autumn and winter Deadwood, fallen leaves, shedding, concentration are burnt in orchard, buried or burn after finding sclerotium, are leveled land before plantation, with decomposed high-quality Based on farmyard manure, every 660m²Farmyard manure 5000kg is applied, mechanical work tilling depth is not less than 30cm, Land leveling；

Fertilizer and water management described in wherein: keeping ground moistening in planting process, every in first trimester after blueberry plantation Day sprinkling liquid level water, promotes seedling robust growth, accounts for total fertilization amount 80% in Seedling Stage and phase top dressing of yielding positive results with organic fertilizer, Apply dung polluted water 1200kg per acre, every minor tick 30 days, remaining 20% compound fertilizer for applying nitrogen, phosphorus, three element of potassium blooms and first fruiting period 60% fertilising of total fertilization amount is accounted for nitrogenous fertilizer, the best fruiting period is accounted for 70% fertilising of total fertilization amount with phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, chased after outside enhancing root Fertilizer, with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage-spray, control waters and applies fertilizer after gray mold occurs in discovery plant, at concentration Manage disease fruit, sick leaf, spray protection.

Branch-finishing and pruning: the raw branch of a large amount of base of the annual pumping of blueberry branch base portion, the fruitful branch for kidnapping pumping on branch are closed Reason trimming, 6~8 branches of every plant of beta pruning density reservation of spring pruning, summer cut after the raw branch of primitive is all sprouted, and shoot elongation to 30~ It is carried out when 40cm, mainly to base raw branch trimming, when trimming, which is stayed, goes by force weak, sparse to branch plant to carry out 8~10cm of pinching, promotees Branch is sprouted into lateral bud, fall pruning first wipes out bearing basal shoot, followed by the raw branch cutting back of base, i.e. dormant pruning, fruit After real harvesting, flush with ground wipes out bearing basal shoot immediately；

Tillage and weeding: mid-April~the first tenday period of a month in May carry out first time intertillage, and depth is advisable with 10~12cm, root out miscellaneous on the ground Grass reduces the consumption of soil moisture, carries out late May~mid-June intertilling for second, 18~20cm of depth, by under ground portion Source of evils cutting reduces nutrient consumption, and mid-June~late June carries out third time and shallowly loosens the soil, 8~10cm of depth, fruit harvesting knot If soil hardening after beam, then intertilled twice, 10~15cm of depth, guarantees root system normal growth and development；

Timely collecting: stopping pouring water in picking first half of the month, and Preharvest calcium spray can increase the calcium content in fruit, keep fruit The storage property of real hardness enhancing fruit, improves the erosion resistance of fruit, generally every other day harvesting is primary, avoids damaging, adopt Fruit is placed on shady place afterwards, and sunlight is avoided to irradiate, disinfection and sterilization, storage period antibacterial processing before storing；

Cold-proof overwintering: freeze injury occurs mainly in spring, and in cold district blueberry cultivation, overwintering protection is also to protect yield Important measures, plant entire breeding time, bud generate freeze injury when being lower than -7 DEG C, and bud generates freeze injury when being lower than -4 DEG C, opens 3 DEG C of generation freeze injuries of florescence, the 2 DEG C of generation freeze injuries of fallen flowers and shedding phase, described is cold-proof overwintering: taking blizzard cold-proof, cladding thickness It is the 2/3~3/4 of tree body height, with a thickness of 15~30cm；Soil burial winter protection is taken, or before entering the winter, branch is overwhelmed, covering is shallow Soil covers branch；Or overwintering protection is carried out using tree body mulching straw, leaf, the piece of sack, straw woven bag；Or according to Moisturizing that weather condition progress ground is largely poured water, influences of plant crown is sprayed.

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: the main pest and disease damage of blueberry is root knot, gray mold, mummy virus, 0.2% sulphur of root knot Sour copper, 0.2%-0.5% agricultural streptomycin pouring root, 15 days primary, 2-3 times continuous, roots out disease tumor, carries out disinfection clearly to wound Reason, gray mold spray 50% Sukeling, 1500 times of liquid or 40% apply 800 times of liquid of good pleasure after can spending before blooming to early flowering season and thanking, 50% ambam, 500~1000 times of liquid, 50% benomyl wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid can be sprayed before spending, or with other anti-grey mold Sick medicament；But fruiting period forbids spraying, in case pollution fruit, causes pesticide residue；Mummy is used according to different stage of development Different medicaments.Early spring sprays 0.5% urea, can control the initial period of mummy, and 50% Sukeling is sprayed before blooming can With control Growing season morbidity or select 50% procymidone, 1000~1200 times of liquid, 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, 70% 1000 times of thiophanate methyl liquid, 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid；One of 40% dimethachlon l500~2000 times liquid or It is several；Iron Deficiency Chlorosis mugineic acid fertilizer ammonium sulfate in nutritional deficiency disease, the effect if mixing acid turf in conjunction with soil improvement More preferably.Foliage-spray integrates iron 0.1%~0.3%, and effect is preferable, and grass tetany can apply magnesia to soil to rescue, boron deficiency disease The main reason for be soil moisture deficiency, sufficiently pour water, 0.3%~0.5% borax soln of foliage-spray can be rescued；

The storage period antibacterial its SO of processing₂Using SO₂As disinfection and sterilization medicament.

One embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, but the content is only preferable implementation of the invention Example, should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.It is all according to all the changes and improvements made by the present patent application range Deng should still be within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. a kind of can reduce the sick implantation methods of blueberry, which is characterized in that the steps include:

(1) selection of land site preparation: selection soil layer is deep, transplants in flakes in acid soil, and pH value 4~5 thoroughly removed orchard before the autumn and winter Interior deadwood, fallen leaves, shedding, concentration are burnt, buried or burn after finding sclerotium, are leveled land before plantation, are with well-rotted farmyard manure It is main, every 660m²Farmyard manure 5000kg is applied, mechanical work tilling depth is not less than 30cm, Land leveling；

(2) scaffolding sets column: building fly net frame in the field of blueberry to be planted, is integrally covered fly net frame with fly net Get up to be formed an insect-proof net chamber, the contact portion compacting of fly net surrounding and soil is produced to prevent pest from slipping into insect-proof net chamber Ovum is arranged in rows in cement pillar in insect-proof net chamber, draws twice or three iron wires between pillar；

(3) science seed selection: high-quality, efficient and strong disease resistance kind is selected according to ecological environment, and selects detoxification stock, is destroyed Infected plant carries out soil disinfection before transplanting；

(4) transplanted plantlet: before blueberry plantation, the strong sprout first by mitogenetic breeding and mound layering carries out root system pruning, cuts off old Then root, old complaint, weak impregnate 3~5min of seedling root with 1% copper-bath, carry out nursery stock disinfection, then clear with water It washes, and is colonized after impregnating 2~4h, dug blueberry kind planting ditch in insect-proof net chamber, ditch and 3~3.5m of ditch centre distance, deep 60~ Surface soil is first backfilled to 15~20cm of bottom of trench by 65cm, wide 70~75cm, and organic fertilizer and the soil of application are sufficiently mixed, by blueberry Seedling finally fills out ditch with mellow soil in from nursery stock transplanting to the ditch dug, and every cave plants 7~8 plants, line-spacing 0.6m × 2.0~2.3m, mu With seedling 2100~2500；

(5) field management: including fertilizer and water management, branch-finishing and pruning, tillage and weeding, timely collecting, the cold-proof overwintering and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.

2. according to claim 1 can reduce the sick implantation methods of blueberry, which is characterized in that the rich water pipe Reason: keeping ground moistening in planting process, sprays liquid level water daily in first trimester after blueberry plantation, promotes seedling healthy and strong Growth accounts for total fertilization amount 80% in Seedling Stage and phase top dressing of yielding positive results with organic fertilizer, dung polluted water 1200kg is applied per acre, between each Every 30 days, remaining 20% compound fertilizer for applying nitrogen, phosphorus, three element of potassium bloomed and 60% applies with first fruiting period with nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for total fertilization amount Fertilizer, the best fruiting period are accounted for 70% fertilising of total fertilization amount with phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, reinforce foliage top dressing, with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution There is control watering and fertilising after gray mold, centralized processing disease fruit, sick leaf, spray protection in foliage-spray, discovery plant.

3. according to claim 1 can reduce the sick implantation methods of blueberry, which is characterized in that the training is repaired Cut: the raw branch of a large amount of base of the annual pumping of blueberry branch base portion, the fruitful branch for kidnapping pumping on branch carry out rational pruning, and spring pruning is cut Branch 6~8 branches of every plant of density reservations, summer cut after the raw branch of primitive is all sprouted, and carry out when shoot elongation is to 30~40cm, to base Raw branch trimming, when trimming, which is stayed, goes by force weak, sparse to branch plant to carry out 8~10cm of pinching, and lateral bud is promoted to sprout branch, fall pruning Bearing basal shoot is wiped out first, followed by the raw branch cutting back of base, i.e. dormant pruning, after fruit harvesting, immediately together Wipe out bearing basal shoot in ground.

4. according to claim 1 can reduce the sick implantation methods of blueberry, which is characterized in that the intertillage removes Grass: mid-April~the first tenday period of a month in May carry out first time intertillage, and depth is advisable with 10~12cm, root out ground weeds, reduce the soil water The consumption divided, carries out intertilling for second late May~mid-June, and 18~20cm of depth cuts off under ground portion source of evils, reduces Nutrient consumption, mid-June~late June carry out third time and shallowly loosen the soil, 8~10cm of depth, if soil after fruit harvesting It is hardened, then intertilled twice, 10~15cm of depth, guarantee root system normal growth and development.

5. according to claim 1 can reduce the sick implantation methods of blueberry in due course, which is characterized in that described adopts It receives: stopping pouring water in picking first half of the month, Preharvest calcium spray, every other day harvesting is primary, avoids damaging, post-harvest fruits are placed on cool place Place, avoids sunlight from irradiating, disinfection and sterilization, storage period antibacterial processing before storing.

6. according to claim 1 can reduce the sick implantation methods of blueberry, which is characterized in that it is described it is cold-proof more Winter: taking blizzard cold-proof, and cladding thickness is the 2/3~3/4 of tree body height, with a thickness of 15~30cm；Take soil burial winter protection, or Before entering the winter, branch is overwhelmed, shallow soil is covered and covers branch；Or use tree body mulching straw, leaf, the piece of sack, straw Woven bag carries out overwintering protection；Or it is largely poured water according to weather condition progress ground, influences of plant crown sprinkling irrigation moisturizing.

7. according to claim 1 can reduce the sick implantation methods of blueberry, which is characterized in that the pest and disease damage is anti- Control: 0.2% copper sulphate of root knot, 0.2%-0.5% agricultural streptomycin pouring root, 15 days are primary, 2-3 times continuous, root out disease tumor, It carries out disinfection cleaning to wound, gray mold is sprayed 50% Sukeling, 1500 times of liquid or 40% applied after spending before blooming to early flowering season and thanking 800 times of liquid of good pleasure, or 50% ambam, 500~1000 times of liquid, 50% benomyl wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid are sprayed before spending, or With other anti-gray mold medicaments；Mummy is according to different stage of development, and using different medicaments, early spring sprays 0.5% urine Element controls the initial period of mummy, and the control Growing season morbidity of 50% Sukeling is sprayed before blooming or selects 50% procymidone 1000 ~1200 times of liquid, 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, 70% thiophanate methyl, 1000 times of liquid, 50% carbendazim One or more of 1000 times of liquid or 40% dimethachlon l500~2000 times liquid；Iron Deficiency Chlorosis mugineic acid in nutritional deficiency disease Fertilizer ammonium sulfate, and acid turf is mixed in the soil；Foliage-spray integrates iron 0.1%~0.3%, and grass tetany applies oxygen to soil Change magnesium to rescue, by sufficiently pouring water, 0.3%~0.5% borax soln of foliage-spray can be rescued boron deficiency disease.

8. according to claim 5 can reduce the sick implantation methods of blueberry, which is characterized in that the storage period suppression Bacterium processing uses SO₂As disinfection and sterilization medicament.