CN108998790B - Preparation method of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN108998790B CN108998790B CN201810952377.5A CN201810952377A CN108998790B CN 108998790 B CN108998790 B CN 108998790B CN 201810952377 A CN201810952377 A CN 201810952377A CN 108998790 B CN108998790 B CN 108998790B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0057—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on B4C
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface engineering treatment, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating, which comprises four steps of raw material pretreatment, substrate pretreatment, coating cold spraying and coating post-treatment, and has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. the method has the advantages that the structural member with the thickness of centimeter grade can be rapidly prepared, a high-temperature and high-pressure process is not needed, the tensile strength of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating is more than 220MPa, and the porosity is lower than 1.5% through post-treatment; 2. the process is simple, the material is uniform, the density is high, and the relative density is more than 98.5%; 3. the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating is detected by thermal aging, corrosion and irradiation tests, and the material performance is unchanged; in conclusion, the boron carbide aluminum-based composite coating prepared by the invention has the characteristics of high relative density, uniform material, corrosion resistance, thermal aging resistance and good r-ray and neutron absorption performance, and can be applied to the fields of fuel storage grillage, fuel transportation, transportation and neutron shielding of a nuclear power plant.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of surface engineering treatment, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating, which is used for spraying aluminum-based boron carbide nuclear waste storage components.
Background art:
nuclear power plant fuel storage grids, fuel transport, transport and neutron shielding components require neutron absorbing materials to avoid neutron radiation. The commonly used neutron absorbing materials comprise lead-boron polyethylene, boron-containing polypropylene, cadmium plates, boron steel, boron carbide, aluminum-based boron carbide and the like, wherein the aluminum-based boron carbide composite material has the characteristics of aluminum-based light weight, corrosion resistance, ductility and high neutron absorption rate of boron carbide, and becomes the most commonly used neutron absorbing material at present. The Chinese patent 201110169818.2 discloses a method for preparing an aluminum-based boron carbide neutron-absorption plate, which uses the following chemical materials: aluminum alloy powder, boron carbide powder, titanium powder, silicon powder, boric acid crystal, graphite paper and fine sand, wherein the quantity values are as follows: aluminum powder in grams: al975g + -1 g boron carbide powder: B4C450g + -1 g titanium powder: ti30g + -1 g siliconThe powder is Si30g +/-1 g of boric acid crystal, B2O & 3H2O15g +/-1 g of graphite paper, C200mm x 300mm fine sand 10000g +/-100 g, the preparation method comprises the steps of (1) selecting chemical material materials, selecting and controlling quality and purity, placing aluminum powder, solid boron carbide powder 99.5%, solid titanium powder, solid silicon powder, solid crystal 99.5%, solid boric acid crystal 99.5%, graphite paper, solid sand 99.5%, aluminum powder, solid boron carbide powder 99.5%, aluminum powder and boron carbide powder ⑤ in a stainless steel container, placing in an electric heating furnace, heating to 450 +/-5 ℃, pre-oxidizing for 60min to obtain an alumina powder blank, placing in a stainless steel container, placing in an electric heating furnace, heating to 400 +/-5 ℃, heating to 90 ℃, pre-oxidizing for 90min, placing in a stainless steel heating furnace, stirring for 60min to obtain a stainless steel mold blank, heating to obtain a stainless steel mold, placing the stainless steel mold blank, heating to obtain a stainless steel mold, pressing, placing the stainless steel blank, pressing the stainless steel blank, heating to obtain a stainless steel blank, pressing the stainless steel blank, pressing the blank to obtain a stainless steel blank, pressing to obtain a blank, wherein the blank, the pressing to obtain a pressing, the blank, the pressing to obtain a blank, the pressing to obtain a pressingPlacing the composite plate blank on the bottom of a mould, uniformly paving a layer of graphite paper on a lower template, placing the composite plate blank subjected to powder metallurgy on the upper part of graphite powder, uniformly paving a layer of graphite paper on the upper part of the composite plate, pressing an upper template on the graphite paper, pressing a pressure plate of a press on the upper template, ③ starting a resistance heater on a base of the press, heating at 550-600 ℃, ④ starting a motor of the press to extrude the composite plate blank under the pressure of 260T, plastically deforming the composite plate under the pressure, extending the composite plate to the inner periphery of the mould to form a rectangular plate, ⑤ stopping pressurizing after the composite plate blank is matched with the size of an inner cavity of the mould, keeping the composite plate blank at a constant temperature for 30min in a heating state, ⑥ closing the resistance heater to naturally cool the composite plate to 25 ℃, ⑦ raising the press, opening an opening and closing frame of the mould, taking the lower template and the composite plate, forming the neutron absorbing composite plate, ⑧ cutting and trimming the composite plate to obtain a 180 x 500 x 5mm boron carbide absorbing composite plate product after the composite plate is subjected to heat treatment, the heat treatment of the prepared by a neutron absorbing material, the neutron of the aluminum-absorbing microstructure of the aluminum-boron absorbing microstructure, the alloy, the microstructure, the boron absorbing microstructure, the tensile strength of the alloy, the tensile strength of an aluminum-corrosion resistance of an aluminum-corrosion-resistant microstructure after the tensile microstructure, the tensile strength of an HV-resistant microstructure, the tensile strength of the tensileLoading, storing in dry and clean environment at 20 + -2 deg.C for water, moisture, sun, fire, acid, alkali and salt corrosion prevention; the relative humidity is less than or equal to 10 percent; the problem that neutrons cannot be effectively absorbed by the plate body due to the fact that boron carbide serving as a neutron absorber is unevenly distributed and part of neutrons are radiated to the outside through the plate body; the Chinese patent 201210570726.X discloses a composite shielding material which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2-30% of W or a W compound, 10-68% of B4C, 23-72% of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and 3-8% of other components; the compound of W or W is W, WO3, W2O5 or W2B5, and the other components are Ti, Si, Mg, Zr, V, Cr or compounds thereof, rare earth elements, Y2O3 or La2O 3; among the other components, compounds of Ti, Si, Mg, Zr, V and Cr are TiB2, TiO2, SiO2, MgO, ZrO2, V2O5 and Cr2O 3; the composite shielding material comprises the following manufacturing steps: step one, weighing the raw materials in percentage by weight: 2-30% W or a compound of W; 10-68% B4C; 23-72% of aluminium or an aluminium alloy; 3-8% of other components; step two, mixing the materials, putting the materials into a ball milling tank for ball milling, injecting argon into the ball milling tank as protective atmosphere, and performing ball milling for 2-25 hours to obtain mixed powder; step three, the mixed powder is placed into a soft mold and then is molded by cold isostatic pressing, the pressure is 100-270MPa, and the time is 5-60 min; step four, carrying out hot isostatic pressing sintering on the cold pressed blank, wherein hot isostatic pressing gas is argon, the temperature is 680-1200 ℃, the pressure is 30-150MPa, and the time is 20-180 min; step five, demolding the material subjected to hot isostatic pressing to obtain a composite shielding material; the ball milling tank is a stainless steel ball milling tank, and the grinding balls are hard alloy balls; the cold isostatic pressing forming is carried out firstly, then the hot isostatic pressing treatment is carried out, the process is complex, the cost is high, and particularly when the temperature exceeds 1000 ℃, Al exists in the blank4C3The product is formed, the mechanical property of the material is seriously damaged, so that the material has more internal defect problems in subsequent processing and use processes, and the aluminum matrix in the prepared aluminum-based boron carbide composite material is easily corroded by boric acid solution, thereby causing inevitable troubles. Therefore, the preparation method of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating with simple preparation process is researched and designed, so that the prepared aluminum-based boron carbide composite coatingThe composite coating has the characteristics of high material density and capability of preventing the corrosion of boric acid solution, and has a very good application prospect.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and designs a preparation method of an aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating, which adopts a cold spraying rapid deposition process, laser and conventional heat treatment for diffusion strengthening treatment to prepare the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating which has high density and is prevented from being corroded by boric acid solution, and is suitable for producing complex structural members.
In order to achieve the aim, the preparation method of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating comprises the following four steps of raw material pretreatment, substrate pretreatment, coating cold spraying and coating post-treatment:
firstly, pretreating raw materials; selecting mixed powder of boron carbide powder and aluminum alloy powder packaged in a vacuum package or mixed powder of the boron carbide powder and the aluminum alloy composite powder as a raw material, wherein the mass ratio of the boron carbide powder in the raw material is 10-50%, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy powder or the aluminum alloy composite powder in the raw material is 50-90%, wherein the boron carbide powder is nuclear-grade boron carbide powder with high purity, the granularity of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is 5-100 mu m, the shape of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is spherical, irregular or the mixture of spherical and irregular, the shape coefficient of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is more than 0.3, the granularity of the aluminum alloy powder is 5-75 mu m, the aluminum alloy composite powder is obtained by adopting a coating, ball milling or reaction mode, the raw material is placed in a vacuum drying oven at 85-95 ℃ for drying for 15-30min, and then is vibrated on a vibrating screen machine for more than 30min, so that the raw materials are uniformly mixed, finishing the pretreatment of the raw materials;
(II) pretreatment of the base material: selecting 2X, 5X, 6X, 7X series or pure aluminum materials as a base material, wherein the base material also comprises common materials of metal and ceramic and mould materials, the chamfer angle of the base material is more than 3mm, and the diameter and depth ratio of the base material is more than 5: 1, machining and polishing the surface of a base material to Sa2.5 level, wherein the roughness of the base material is 20-80um, the surface of the metal base material is subjected to sand blasting activation by adopting brown corundum, so that the appearance surface of the base material is uniform and consistent, no visible grease, dirt, oxide skin, holes, sharp surfaces, gaps and paint coating attachments exist, gas used in the sand blasting process is compressed air with the pressure of more than or equal to 0.6MPa passing through an oil-water separator and a buffer tank, and after sand blasting and rust removal, a dust collector is adopted to perform dust removal treatment on the surface of the base material to finish pretreatment of the base material;
(III) cold spraying of the coating: preheating the substrate pretreated in the step (II) to 80-120 ℃, carrying out cold spraying on the substrate by adopting low-pressure cold spraying equipment, high-pressure cold spraying equipment or supersonic warm spraying and a process that the powder does not undergo high temperature, wherein the spraying temperature is 350-;
(IV) coating post-treatment: performing heat treatment or laser treatment on the coating subjected to cold spraying in the step (III), wherein the heat treatment and the laser treatment can be performed simultaneously with the cold spraying and can also be performed independently after the cold spraying, wherein the heat treatment is performed in a vacuum furnace or an inert gas atmosphere furnace, the heat treatment temperature is 350-500 ℃, the temperature rise gradient is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 1-3h, during the heat preservation period, the pressure of 80-150MPa is applied to the coating to obtain the maximum diffusion and bonding strength, and furnace cooling or air cooling is adopted; laser treatment is remelting treatment; finishing the post-treatment of the coating.
The electrode life of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared by the invention is 320h, the tensile strength is more than 220MPa, the relative density is more than 98.5%, the yield strength is more than 200MPa, the elongation is more than 2.5%, and the 10B/B ratio is 19.60-20.20%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the method has the advantages that the structural member with the thickness of centimeter grade can be rapidly prepared, a high-temperature and high-pressure process is not needed, the tensile strength of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating is more than 220MPa, and the porosity is lower than 1.5% through post-treatment; 2. the process is simple, the material is uniform, the density is high, and the relative density is more than 98.5%; 3. the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating is detected by thermal aging, corrosion and irradiation tests, and the material performance is unchanged; in conclusion, the boron carbide aluminum-based composite coating prepared by the invention has the characteristics of high relative density, uniform material, corrosion resistance, thermal aging resistance and good r-ray and neutron absorption performance, and can be applied to the fields of fuel storage grillage, fuel transportation, transportation and neutron shielding of a nuclear power plant.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the process flow of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a macro topography of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared in the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a macro topography of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a micro-topography of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a micro-topography of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a micro-topography of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the tensile strength curves of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coatings prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following is a further description by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating related by the embodiment comprises the following four steps of raw material pretreatment, substrate pretreatment, coating cold spraying and coating post-treatment:
firstly, pretreating raw materials; selecting mixed powder of boron carbide powder and aluminum alloy powder packaged in a vacuum packaging mode as a raw material, wherein the mass ratio of the boron carbide powder in the raw material is 10-50%, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy powder in the raw material is 50-90%, wherein the boron carbide powder is nuclear-grade boron carbide powder with high purity, the particle size of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is 5 microns, the shape of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is spherical, the shape coefficient of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is greater than 0.3, and the particle size of the aluminum alloy powder is 5 microns, placing the raw material in a vacuum drying box at 85-95 ℃ for drying for 15-30min, and then vibrating on a vibrating screen machine for more than 30min to uniformly mix the raw material, so that the pretreatment of the raw material is completed;
(II) pretreatment of the base material: selecting 2X, 5X, 6X, 7X series or pure aluminum materials as a base material, wherein the base material also comprises common materials of metal and ceramic and mould materials, the chamfer angle of the base material is more than 3mm, and the diameter and depth ratio of the base material is more than 5: 1, machining and polishing the surface of a base material to Sa2.5 level, wherein the roughness of the base material is 20-80um, the surface of the metal base material is subjected to sand blasting activation by adopting brown corundum, so that the appearance surface of the base material is uniform and consistent, no visible grease, dirt, oxide skin, holes, sharp surfaces, gaps and paint coating attachments exist, gas used in the sand blasting process is compressed air with the pressure of more than or equal to 0.6MPa passing through an oil-water separator and a buffer tank, and after sand blasting and rust removal, a dust collector is adopted to perform dust removal treatment on the surface of the base material to finish pretreatment of the base material;
(III) cold spraying of the coating: preheating the substrate pretreated in the step (II) to 80-120 ℃, carrying out cold spraying on the substrate by adopting low-pressure cold spraying equipment, high-pressure cold spraying equipment or supersonic warm spraying and a process that the powder does not undergo high temperature, wherein the spraying temperature is 350-;
(IV) coating post-treatment: performing heat treatment on the coating subjected to cold spraying in the step (III), wherein the heat treatment can be performed simultaneously with the cold spraying and can also be performed independently after the cold spraying, wherein the heat treatment is performed in a vacuum furnace or an inert gas atmosphere furnace, the temperature of the heat treatment is 400 ℃, the temperature rise gradient is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 1h, and during the heat preservation, the pressure of 80MPa is applied to the coating to obtain the maximum diffusion and bonding strength, and furnace cooling or air cooling is adopted; finishing the post-treatment of the coating.
The aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared in the embodiment and H with the concentration of 1 mol. L < -1 >2SO4The water solution is put into a reinforced electrolysis test tank for electrolysis, the test temperature is 40 ℃, and the current density is 1A/cm2The voltage of the test groove is 5.2V within 0-24h, the voltage of the test groove is reduced to 4.5V within 24-320h, and after 320h, the voltage of the test groove is suddenly increased to 7.5V, the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating is damaged and fails, and the following results are shown: the electrode life of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating is 320 h.
The tensile strength of the material at room temperature of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared by the embodiment is more than 220MPa, the relative density is more than 98.5%, the yield strength is more than 200MPa, the elongation is more than 2.5%, and the 10B/B ratio is 19.60-20.20%; the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating has unchanged density, tensile strength, elongation and 10B/B after being subjected to a heat aging test at 400 ℃ for 8000 hours; the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating is corroded by 2700ppm boric acid solution for 2000 hours without any corrosion phenomenon; the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating has r ray dose of 4.75 multiplied by 1011(rad) and fast neutron dose of 7.09 multiplied by 1019 (n/cm)2) The tensile strength after irradiation is more than 200MPa, and the elongation is more than 0.5%.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating related by the embodiment comprises the following four steps of raw material pretreatment, substrate pretreatment, coating cold spraying and coating post-treatment:
firstly, pretreating raw materials; selecting mixed powder of boron carbide powder and aluminum alloy powder packaged in a vacuum packaging mode as a raw material, wherein the mass ratio of the boron carbide powder in the raw material is 10-50%, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy powder in the raw material is 50-90%, wherein the boron carbide powder is nuclear-grade boron carbide powder with high purity, the granularity of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is 44 micrometers or 58 micrometers, the shape of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is spherical, the shape coefficient of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is greater than 0.3, and the granularity of the aluminum alloy powder is 40 micrometers, placing the raw material in a vacuum drying oven at 85-95 ℃ for drying for 15-30min, and vibrating on a vibrating screen machine for more than 30min to uniformly mix the raw material, so that the pretreatment of the raw material is completed;
(II) pretreatment of the base material: selecting 2X, 5X, 6X, 7X series or pure aluminum materials as a base material, wherein the base material also comprises common materials of metal and ceramic and mould materials, the chamfer angle of the base material is more than 3mm, and the diameter and depth ratio of the base material is more than 5: 1, machining and polishing the surface of a base material to Sa2.5 level, wherein the roughness of the base material is 20-80um, the surface of the metal base material is subjected to sand blasting activation by adopting brown corundum, so that the appearance surface of the base material is uniform and consistent, no visible grease, dirt, oxide skin, holes, sharp surfaces, gaps and paint coating attachments exist, gas used in the sand blasting process is compressed air with the pressure of more than or equal to 0.6MPa passing through an oil-water separator and a buffer tank, and after sand blasting and rust removal, a dust collector is adopted to perform dust removal treatment on the surface of the base material to finish pretreatment of the base material;
(III) cold spraying of the coating: preheating the substrate pretreated in the step (II) to 80-120 ℃, carrying out cold spraying on the substrate by adopting low-pressure cold spraying equipment, high-pressure cold spraying equipment or supersonic warm spraying and a process that the powder does not undergo high temperature, wherein the spraying temperature is 350-;
(IV) coating post-treatment: performing heat treatment on the coating subjected to cold spraying in the step (III), wherein the heat treatment can be performed simultaneously with the cold spraying and can also be performed independently after the cold spraying, the heat treatment is performed in a vacuum furnace or an inert gas atmosphere furnace, the temperature of the heat treatment is 350 ℃, the temperature rise gradient is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2.5h, during the heat preservation, the pressure of 120MPa is applied to the coating to obtain the maximum diffusion and bonding strength, and furnace cooling or air cooling is adopted; finishing the post-treatment of the coating.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating related by the embodiment comprises the following four steps of raw material pretreatment, substrate pretreatment, coating cold spraying and coating post-treatment:
firstly, pretreating raw materials; selecting mixed powder of boron carbide powder and aluminum alloy powder packaged in a vacuum packaging mode as a raw material, wherein the mass ratio of the boron carbide powder in the raw material is 10-50%, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy powder in the raw material is 50-90%, wherein the boron carbide powder is nuclear-grade boron carbide powder with high purity, the granularity of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is 75 micrometers or 100 micrometers, the shape of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is spherical, the shape coefficient of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is greater than 0.3, and the granularity of the aluminum alloy powder is 75 micrometers, placing the raw material in a vacuum drying oven at 85-95 ℃ for drying for 15-30min, and vibrating on a vibrating screen machine for more than 30min to uniformly mix the raw material, so that the pretreatment of the raw material is completed;
(II) pretreatment of the base material: selecting 2X, 5X, 6X, 7X series or pure aluminum materials as a base material, wherein the base material also comprises common materials of metal and ceramic and mould materials, the chamfer angle of the base material is more than 3mm, and the diameter and depth ratio of the base material is more than 5: 1, machining and polishing the surface of a base material to Sa2.5 level, wherein the roughness of the base material is 20-80um, the surface of the metal base material is subjected to sand blasting activation by adopting brown corundum, so that the appearance surface of the base material is uniform and consistent, no visible grease, dirt, oxide skin, holes, sharp surfaces, gaps and paint coating attachments exist, gas used in the sand blasting process is compressed air with the pressure of more than or equal to 0.6MPa passing through an oil-water separator and a buffer tank, and after sand blasting and rust removal, a dust collector is adopted to perform dust removal treatment on the surface of the base material to finish pretreatment of the base material;
(III) cold spraying of the coating: preheating the substrate pretreated in the step (II) to 80-120 ℃, carrying out cold spraying on the substrate by adopting low-pressure cold spraying equipment, high-pressure cold spraying equipment or supersonic warm spraying and a process that the powder does not undergo high temperature, wherein the spraying temperature is 350-;
(IV) coating post-treatment: performing heat treatment on the coating subjected to cold spraying in the step (III), wherein the heat treatment can be performed simultaneously with the cold spraying and can also be performed independently after the cold spraying, wherein the heat treatment is performed in a vacuum furnace or an inert gas atmosphere furnace, the temperature of the heat treatment is 500 ℃, the temperature rise gradient is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 3h, during the heat preservation, 150MPa pressure is applied to the coating to obtain the maximum diffusion and bonding strength, and furnace cooling or air cooling is adopted; finishing the post-treatment of the coating.
Claims (2)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating is characterized in that the technological process comprises four steps of raw material pretreatment, substrate pretreatment, coating cold spraying and coating post-treatment:
firstly, pretreating raw materials; selecting mixed powder of boron carbide powder and aluminum alloy powder packaged in a vacuum package or mixed powder of the boron carbide powder and the aluminum alloy composite powder as a raw material, wherein the mass ratio of the boron carbide powder in the raw material is 10-50%, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy powder or the aluminum alloy composite powder in the raw material is 50-90%, wherein the boron carbide powder is nuclear-grade boron carbide powder with high purity, the granularity of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is 5-100 mu m, the shape of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is spherical, irregular or the mixture of spherical and irregular, the shape coefficient of the nuclear-grade boron carbide powder is more than 0.3, the granularity of the aluminum alloy powder is 5-75 mu m, the aluminum alloy composite powder is obtained by adopting a coating, ball milling or reaction mode, the raw material is placed in a vacuum drying oven at 85-95 ℃ for drying for 15-30min, and then is vibrated on a vibrating screen machine for more than 30min, so that the raw materials are uniformly mixed, finishing the pretreatment of the raw materials;
(II) pretreatment of the base material: selecting a base material, wherein the base material comprises common materials of metal and ceramic and a mould material, the chamfer angle of the base material is larger than 3mm, and the diameter and depth ratio of the base material is larger than 5: 1, machining and polishing the surface of a base material to Sa2.5 level, wherein the roughness of the base material is 20-80 microns, the surface of the metal base material is subjected to sand blasting activation by adopting brown corundum, so that the appearance surface of the base material is uniform and consistent, no visible grease, dirt, oxide skin, holes, sharp surfaces, gaps and paint coating attachments exist, gas used in the sand blasting process is compressed air with the pressure of more than or equal to 0.6MPa passing through an oil-water separator and a buffer tank, and after sand blasting and rust removal, a dust collector is adopted to perform dust removal treatment on the surface of the base material to finish the pretreatment of the base material;
(III) cold spraying of the coating: preheating the substrate pretreated in the step (II) to 80-120 ℃, cold spraying the substrate by adopting low-pressure cold spraying equipment or high-pressure cold spraying equipment, wherein the spraying temperature is 350-1100 ℃, the angle of a spray gun is 45-90 ℃, the spraying distance is 5-50mm, the powder feeding rate is 0.1-2.5g/s, the powder feeding rate is matched with the moving speed of the spray gun, so that the single-channel deposition thickness of the coating is 50-500 mu m, the gas used in the spraying process is compressed air, nitrogen, helium or the mixed gas of any of the compressed air, the nitrogen, the helium or the mixed gas of the compressed air, the nitrogen, the helium and the mixed gas, the pressure of the gas is 0.5-5MPa, and the coating with set number of layers and thickness is sprayed to finish the cold spraying of the coating;
(IV) coating post-treatment: performing heat treatment or laser treatment on the coating subjected to cold spraying in the step (III), wherein the heat treatment and the laser treatment can be performed simultaneously with the cold spraying and can also be performed independently after the cold spraying, wherein the heat treatment is performed in a vacuum furnace or an inert gas atmosphere furnace, the heat treatment temperature is 350-500 ℃, the temperature rise gradient is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 1-3h, during the heat preservation period, the pressure of 80-150MPa is applied to the coating to obtain the maximum diffusion and bonding strength, and furnace cooling or air cooling is adopted; laser treatment is remelting treatment; finishing the post-treatment of the coating.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating according to claim 1, wherein the prepared aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating has an electrode life of 320h, a tensile strength of more than 220MPa, a relative density of more than 98.5%, a yield strength of more than 200MPa, an elongation of more than 2.5%,10the ratio of B to B is 19.60-20.20%.
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| CN201810952377.5A CN108998790B (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2018-08-21 | Preparation method of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating |
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| CN110643920B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-08-04 | 上海离原环境科技有限公司 | Surface treatment method for nuclear reactor waste container |
| CN110786698A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-02-14 | 厦门佰事兴新材料科技有限公司 | Container containing composite coating |
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| CN112376042A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-19 | 江苏大学 | Aluminum-boron nitride nanosheet composite coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN112522546B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-02-08 | 中北大学 | Preparation of B by using SLM technology4Method for C reinforced aluminium base composite material |
| CN113481503A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-10-08 | 江苏清联光电技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of boron particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, composite material and application thereof |
| CN113462167B (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2022-08-30 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Bendable folded high neutron shielding performance organic silicon rubber and preparation method thereof |
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