Background technology
The C/C matrix material is to be the thomel or the graphite fibre enhanced material of matrix with carbon; Its integral system by carbon form [Liu's Bin, Yi Maozhong .C/C matrix material anti-oxidation composite coatings such as Xiong Xiang preparations and performance [J] thereof. mining metallurgical engineering; 2000,20 (8): 74-76].Because the C/C matrix material has light specific gravity, big, the anti-ablation of specific tenacity, wear resistance and advantages such as good high-temperature mechanical property and thermal property; Therefore be widely used in the fields such as end cap, rocket nozzle and aeroplane brake discs of aerospace, intercontinental missile; Demonstrate great meliority [Cheng Jiwei, Luo Ruiying, Wang Tianmin. carbon/carbon composite high-temperature oxidation resistant present Research [J]. the plain technology of charcoal; 2001,116 (5): 28-33].But rising along with use temperature; The C/C matrix material is prone to be oxidized into " bottleneck " of its application; Under the environment that aerobic exists, when temperature was higher than 400 ℃, oxidation can take place in carbon/carbon composite; Its intensity reduces even total loss significantly, has limited the application of (more than 1300 ℃) in the high temperature field of C/C matrix material.
At present the measure that prevents the oxidation of C/C matrix material is mainly concentrated on following two aspects: the one, inner anti-oxidation technology.Mainly be that thomel is carried out antioxidation treatment and the matrix of C/C matrix material is improved.The 2nd, the exterior coating anti-oxidation tech.Prepare single or compound coating is prevented that block diffuses into oxidation is taken place in the matrix through outside, thereby improved high-temperature oxidation resistance at the C/C matrix material.
Often single coating can not satisfy the long-time oxidation resistant requirement of carbon/carbon compound material; Therefore multi-layer composite coatings becomes the preferred option that people solve the carbon/carbon compound material high-temperature oxidation resistant; General multi-layer composite coatings is the compound coating of ceramic coating and glass coating, because the matrix and the thermal dilation difference between the coating of ceramic coating can form defectives such as tiny crack in coating, makes antioxidant property meeting variation; And at high temperature having characteristics such as LV and wettability and thermostability, glass coating fills up defective [Huang Jianfeng such as these tiny cracks; Li Hejun, Xiong Xinbai etc. the progress of carbon/carbon composite high-temperature oxidation resistant coating [J]. novel charcoal material, 2005; 20 (4): 373-379], the oxidation resistance temperature of C/C matrix material is greatly improved.Because SiC ceramic coating and matrix have the thermal expansivity that is complementary, and generate SiO after the oxidation
2Can better inhibited matrix carbon to external diffusion, be widely used in the undercoat of C/C matrix material ORC.Top coating adopts the phosphate glass coating, and phosphide mainly contains two to the restraining effect of C/C matrix material high temperature oxidation: one is that physics hinders, and another kind is that active site hinders; The key factor that keeps retarding effect during the existing of the existence of the oxo bridge key in the glass coating and P contained compound; To C/C matrix material oxidation phosphide glass be effective external surface coating [Hu Xinghua, Wu Ming platinum are looked into celebrating virtue. the anti-oxidant progress of carbon/carbon composite [J]. charcoal is plain; 2006,127 (3): 38-45].
At present, being used for oxidation resistant glass coating mainly is borate glass series and phosphate glass.The staple of borate glass is B
2O
3, because B
2O
3In wet environment, have higher susceptibility and volatility, and along with temperature its wettability that raises also can reduce, these drawbacks limit the application of borate glass coating in the aerobic environment more than 1000 ℃.Though people improve borate glass, still can't satisfy the application under 1500 ℃ of this extreme temperatures.
Summary of the invention
It is that transition layer, phosphate glass are the preparation method of the anti-oxidant phosphate glass coating of carbon/carbon compound material of top coating with silit that the object of the invention proposes a kind of.Preparation technology of the present invention is simple, and cost is low, and the production cycle is fast, is fit to carry out scale operation, and even through the compound coating thickness of the present invention's preparation, and flawless in conjunction with firmly, has the good high-temperature antioxidant property.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
1) preparation of silit transition layer: press the Si powder: C powder: Al
2O
3Powder: B
2O
3Powder=3-8: 1: 1: 1 quality is put into plumbago crucible with the 3D-carbon/carbon compound material then than the even powder of processing of ground and mixed, and the adding powder makes the complete embedding 3D-of powder carbon/carbon compound material; Plumbago crucible is put into vertical vacuum furnace, feed argon gas as protective atmosphere, the heat-up rate of controlling vertical vacuum furnace subsequently is 5-20 ℃/min; After furnace temperature risen to 1800-2000 ℃ from room temperature; Insulation 3-5h reduces to room temperature with the speed of 5-20 ℃/min subsequently, opens crucible after the blow-on; From powder, take out the 3D-carbon/carbon compound material, in UW, clean up the back with absolute ethyl alcohol and obtain carbon/carbon compound material silit transition layer;
2) preparation of phosphate glass powder: get CP TiO
2Powder, NH
4H
2PO
4Powder, ZnO powder, Cr
2O
3Powder, MnO
2Powder is pressed TiO
2: NH
4H
2PO
4: ZnO: Cr
2O
3: MnO
2The mass ratio of=5-7: 3: 0-1: 0-1: 0-1 ball milling in ball mill is even, puts into Al then
2O
3In the Si-Mo rod stove, heat in the crucible, temperature rise rate is 5-15 ℃/min, furnace temperature is risen to 1300-1500 ℃ from room temperature after, insulation 5-8h reduces to room temperature with furnace temperature subsequently and takes out, and smashs to pieces and put into to cross 300 mesh sieves behind the ball mill ball milling and obtain glass powder;
3) preparation of phosphate glass coating: glass powder and analytical pure AlPO
4Powder is according to 0.5-5: 1 mass ratio mix powder; The absolute ethyl alcohol that takes by weighing 1-5g powder and 1-8ml is hybridly prepared into the slurry of brushing; Slurry is brushed on carbon/carbon compound material silit transition layer system; Put into subsequently be connected with argon shield vacuum oven at 1300-1500 ℃, insulation 10min-60min takes out cooling at last and promptly obtains the anti-oxidant phosphate glass coating of carbon/carbon compound material.
Described Si powder, C powder, Al
2O
3Powder and B
2O
3The equal 300 purpose powders of powder.
The density of described 3D-carbon/carbon compound material is 1.75g/cm
3, the 3D-carbon/carbon compound material is processed into 10 * 10 * 10mm
3Small cubes, and, in ultrasonic generator, it is cleaned up the back oven dry with absolute ethyl alcohol then to the surface treatment of its chamfering of polishing.
The staple of phosphate glass is a phosphoric acid salt, and advantage such as that phosphoric acid salt has is nontoxic, cheap, environmental protection and good high-temperature performance receives people's attention, and the present invention prepares the coating with good high-temperature oxidation resistant through phosphate glass being carried out modification.Prepare high-temperature oxidation resistant coating through solid sintering process and spread coating, it is simple to have technology, does not need expensive equipment, is fit to advantages such as scale operation.And the compound coating of the present invention's preparation combines firmly, the even flawless of thickness; The compound coating antioxidant property is good, 1500 ℃ the C/C matrix material effectively protected 300h after, oxidation weight loss is less than 0.5%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further explain.
Embodiment 1:
1) preparation of silit transition layer: get 300 purpose Si powder, C powder, Al
2O
3Powder and B
2O
3Powder is pressed the Si powder: C powder: Al
2O
3Powder: B
2O
3Powder=3: 1: 1: 1 quality is than the even powder of processing of ground and mixed, and getting density then is 1.75g/cm
3The 3D-carbon/carbon compound material, the 3D-carbon/carbon compound material is processed into 10 * 10 * 10mm
3Small cubes, and, in ultrasonic generator, it is cleaned up the back oven dry with absolute ethyl alcohol then to the surface treatment of its chamfering of polishing; 3D-carbon/carbon compound material after the oven dry is put into plumbago crucible, and add powder and make the complete embedding 3D-of powder carbon/carbon compound material, plumbago crucible is put into vertical vacuum furnace; Feed argon gas as protective atmosphere; The heat-up rate of controlling vertical vacuum furnace subsequently is 10 ℃/min, furnace temperature is risen to 2000 ℃ from room temperature after, the insulation 3h; Reduce to room temperature with the speed of 10 ℃/min subsequently; Open crucible after the blow-on, from powder, take out the 3D-carbon/carbon compound material, in UW, clean up the back with absolute ethyl alcohol and obtain carbon/carbon compound material silit transition layer;
2) preparation of phosphate glass powder: get CP TiO
2Powder, NH
4H
2PO
4Powder, ZnO powder, Cr
2O
3Powder, MnO
2Powder is pressed TiO
2: NH
4H
2PO
4=7: 3 mass ratio ball milling in ball mill is even, puts into Al then
2O
3In the Si-Mo rod stove, heat in the crucible, temperature rise rate is 10 ℃/min, furnace temperature is risen to 1500 ℃ from room temperature after, insulation 5h reduces to room temperature with furnace temperature subsequently and takes out, and smashs to pieces and put into to cross 300 mesh sieves behind the ball mill ball milling and obtain glass powder;
3) preparation of phosphate glass coating: glass powder and analytical pure AlPO
4Powder according to 0.5: 1 mass ratio mix powder; The absolute ethyl alcohol that takes by weighing 3g powder and 5ml is hybridly prepared into the slurry of brushing; Slurry is brushed on carbon/carbon compound material silit transition layer system; Put into subsequently be connected with argon shield vacuum oven at 1500 ℃, insulation 10min takes out cooling at last and promptly obtains the anti-oxidant phosphate glass coating of carbon/carbon compound material.
Embodiment 2:
1) preparation of silit transition layer: get 300 purpose Si powder, C powder, Al
2O
3Powder and B
2O
3Powder is pressed the Si powder: C powder: Al
2O
3Powder: B
2O
3Powder=4: 1: 1: 1 quality is than the even powder of processing of ground and mixed, and getting density then is 1.75g/cm
3The 3D-carbon/carbon compound material, the 3D-carbon/carbon compound material is processed into 10 * 10 * 10mm
3Small cubes, and, in ultrasonic generator, it is cleaned up the back oven dry with absolute ethyl alcohol then to the surface treatment of its chamfering of polishing; 3D-carbon/carbon compound material after the oven dry is put into plumbago crucible, and add powder and make the complete embedding 3D-of powder carbon/carbon compound material, plumbago crucible is put into vertical vacuum furnace; Feed argon gas as protective atmosphere; The heat-up rate of controlling vertical vacuum furnace subsequently is 5 ℃/min, furnace temperature is risen to 1800 ℃ from room temperature after, the insulation 5h; Reduce to room temperature with the speed of 20 ℃/min subsequently; Open crucible after the blow-on, from powder, take out the 3D-carbon/carbon compound material, in UW, clean up the back with absolute ethyl alcohol and obtain carbon/carbon compound material silit transition layer;
2) preparation of phosphate glass powder: get CP TiO
2Powder, NH
4H
2PO
4Powder, ZnO powder, Cr
2O
3Powder, MnO
2Powder is pressed TiO
2: NH
4H
2PO
4: ZnO=6: 3: 1 mass ratio ball milling in ball mill is even, puts into Al then
2O
3In the Si-Mo rod stove, heat in the crucible, temperature rise rate is 5 ℃/min, furnace temperature is risen to 1400 ℃ from room temperature after, insulation 6.5h reduces to room temperature with furnace temperature subsequently and takes out, and smashs to pieces and put into to cross 300 mesh sieves behind the ball mill ball milling and obtain glass powder;
3) preparation of phosphate glass coating: glass powder and analytical pure AlPO
4Powder according to 1: 1 mass ratio mix powder; The absolute ethyl alcohol that takes by weighing 1g powder and 1ml is hybridly prepared into the slurry of brushing; Slurry is brushed on carbon/carbon compound material silit transition layer system; Put into subsequently be connected with argon shield vacuum oven at 1300 ℃, insulation 60min takes out cooling at last and promptly obtains the anti-oxidant phosphate glass coating of carbon/carbon compound material.
Embodiment 3:
1) preparation of silit transition layer: get 300 purpose Si powder, C powder, Al
2O
3Powder and B
2O
3Powder is pressed the Si powder: C powder: Al
2O
3Powder: B
2O
3Powder=5: 1: 1: 1 quality is than the even powder of processing of ground and mixed, and getting density then is 1.75g/cm
3The 3D-carbon/carbon compound material, the 3D-carbon/carbon compound material is processed into 10 * 10 * 10mm
3Small cubes, and, in ultrasonic generator, it is cleaned up the back oven dry with absolute ethyl alcohol then to the surface treatment of its chamfering of polishing; 3D-carbon/carbon compound material after the oven dry is put into plumbago crucible, and add powder and make the complete embedding 3D-of powder carbon/carbon compound material, plumbago crucible is put into vertical vacuum furnace; Feed argon gas as protective atmosphere; The heat-up rate of controlling vertical vacuum furnace subsequently is 15 ℃/min, furnace temperature is risen to 1900 ℃ from room temperature after, the insulation 4h; Reduce to room temperature with the speed of 5 ℃/min subsequently; Open crucible after the blow-on, from powder, take out the 3D-carbon/carbon compound material, in UW, clean up the back with absolute ethyl alcohol and obtain carbon/carbon compound material silit transition layer;
2) preparation of phosphate glass powder: get CP TiO
2Powder, NH
4H
2PO
4Powder, ZnO powder, Cr
2O
3Powder, MnO
2Powder is pressed TiO
2: NH
4H
2PO
4: ZnO: Cr
2O
3: MnO
2=5: 3: 1: 0.5: 0.5 mass ratio ball milling in ball mill is even, puts into Al then
2O
3In the Si-Mo rod stove, heat in the crucible, temperature rise rate is 12 ℃/min, furnace temperature is risen to 1300 ℃ from room temperature after, insulation 8h reduces to room temperature with furnace temperature subsequently and takes out, and smashs to pieces and put into to cross 300 mesh sieves behind the ball mill ball milling and obtain glass powder;
3) preparation of phosphate glass coating: glass powder and analytical pure AlPO
4Powder according to 5: 1 mass ratio mix powder; The absolute ethyl alcohol that takes by weighing 2g powder and 4ml is hybridly prepared into the slurry of brushing; Slurry is brushed on carbon/carbon compound material silit transition layer system; Put into subsequently be connected with argon shield vacuum oven at 1450 ℃, insulation 30min takes out cooling at last and promptly obtains the anti-oxidant phosphate glass coating of carbon/carbon compound material.
Embodiment 4:
1) preparation of silit transition layer: get 300 purpose Si powder, C powder, Al
2O
3Powder and B
2O
3Powder is pressed the Si powder: C powder: Al
2O
3Powder: B
2O
3Powder=7: 1: 1: 1 quality is than the even powder of processing of ground and mixed, and getting density then is 1.75g/cm
3The 3D-carbon/carbon compound material, the 3D-carbon/carbon compound material is processed into 10 * 10 * 10mm
3Small cubes, and, in ultrasonic generator, it is cleaned up the back oven dry with absolute ethyl alcohol then to the surface treatment of its chamfering of polishing; 3D-carbon/carbon compound material after the oven dry is put into plumbago crucible, and add powder and make the complete embedding 3D-of powder carbon/carbon compound material, plumbago crucible is put into vertical vacuum furnace; Feed argon gas as protective atmosphere; The heat-up rate of controlling vertical vacuum furnace subsequently is 12 ℃/min, furnace temperature is risen to 1850 ℃ from room temperature after, the insulation 4.5h; Reduce to room temperature with the speed of 15 ℃/min subsequently; Open crucible after the blow-on, from powder, take out the 3D-carbon/carbon compound material, in UW, clean up the back with absolute ethyl alcohol and obtain carbon/carbon compound material silit transition layer;
2) preparation of phosphate glass powder: get CP TiO
2Powder, NH
4H
2PO
4Powder, ZnO powder, Cr
2O
3Powder, MnO
2Powder is pressed TiO
2: NH
4H
2PO
4: ZnO: Cr
2O
3: MnO
2=5: 3: 0.5: 0.5: 1 mass ratio ball milling in ball mill is even, puts into Al then
2O
3In the Si-Mo rod stove, heat in the crucible, temperature rise rate is 8 ℃/min, furnace temperature is risen to 1450 ℃ from room temperature after, insulation 6h reduces to room temperature with furnace temperature subsequently and takes out, and smashs to pieces and put into to cross 300 mesh sieves behind the ball mill ball milling and obtain glass powder;
3) preparation of phosphate glass coating: glass powder and analytical pure AlPO
4Powder according to 4: 1 mass ratio mix powder; The absolute ethyl alcohol that takes by weighing 4g powder and 6ml is hybridly prepared into the slurry of brushing; Slurry is brushed on carbon/carbon compound material silit transition layer system; Put into subsequently be connected with argon shield vacuum oven at 1350 ℃, insulation 45min takes out cooling at last and promptly obtains the anti-oxidant phosphate glass coating of carbon/carbon compound material.
Embodiment 5:
1) preparation of silit transition layer: get 300 purpose Si powder, C powder, Al
2O
3Powder and B
2O
3Powder is pressed the Si powder: C powder: Al
2O
3Powder: B
2O
3Powder=8: 1: 1: 1 quality is than the even powder of processing of ground and mixed, and getting density then is 1.75g/cm
3The 3D-carbon/carbon compound material, the 3D-carbon/carbon compound material is processed into 10 * 10 * 10mm
3Small cubes, and, in ultrasonic generator, it is cleaned up the back oven dry with absolute ethyl alcohol then to the surface treatment of its chamfering of polishing; 3D-carbon/carbon compound material after the oven dry is put into plumbago crucible, and add powder and make the complete embedding 3D-of powder carbon/carbon compound material, plumbago crucible is put into vertical vacuum furnace; Feed argon gas as protective atmosphere; The heat-up rate of controlling vertical vacuum furnace subsequently is 20 ℃/min, furnace temperature is risen to 1950 ℃ from room temperature after, the insulation 3.5h; Reduce to room temperature with the speed of 12 ℃/min subsequently; Open crucible after the blow-on, from powder, take out the 3D-carbon/carbon compound material, in UW, clean up the back with absolute ethyl alcohol and obtain carbon/carbon compound material silit transition layer;
2) preparation of phosphate glass powder: get CP TiO
2Powder, NH
4H
2PO
4Powder, ZnO powder, Cr
2O
3Powder, MnO
2Powder is pressed TiO
2: NH
4H
2PO
4: ZnO: Cr
2O
3: MnO
2=5: 3: 0.5: 1: 0.5 mass ratio ball milling in ball mill is even, puts into Al then
2O
3In the Si-Mo rod stove, heat in the crucible, temperature rise rate is 15 ℃/min, furnace temperature is risen to 1350 ℃ from room temperature after, insulation 7h reduces to room temperature with furnace temperature subsequently and takes out, and smashs to pieces and put into to cross 300 mesh sieves behind the ball mill ball milling and obtain glass powder;
3) preparation of phosphate glass coating: glass powder and analytical pure AlPO
4Powder according to 3: 1 mass ratio mix powder; The absolute ethyl alcohol that takes by weighing 5g powder and 8ml is hybridly prepared into the slurry of brushing; Slurry is brushed on carbon/carbon compound material silit transition layer system; Put into subsequently be connected with argon shield vacuum oven at 1400 ℃, insulation 20min takes out cooling at last and promptly obtains the anti-oxidant phosphate glass coating of carbon/carbon compound material.
Can find out that by Fig. 1 the compound coating that the present invention prepares combines firmly the even flawless of thickness.