CN108998636B - 一种加工软化低碳钢的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种加工软化低碳钢的制备方法,其主要是采用含碳量为0.13~0.21%的普通低碳钢,在Ac1上30℃保温1小时,放入10%氯化钠冰水淬火得到板条马氏体,室温冷轧,变形量为75~80%,其组织为平行排列的C过饱和的变形板条铁素体;在200℃~400℃回火,得到薄饼形晶粒低碳钢板。本发明制备方法简单,低碳钢室温应力‑应变曲线呈现出加工软化特征,其组织为薄饼形过饱和变形铁素体晶粒,强度和延伸率高于淬火‑回火态的同一低碳钢。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属材料技术领域,特别涉及一种金属材料的制备方法。
技术背景
金属材料室温变形普遍出现加工硬化行为。在特定条件下,少数单晶体金属存在室温(低温)加工软化。
钢铁、有色金属合金等多晶体工程材料,普遍具有加工硬化特性,表现为材料在室温变形时,晶粒形状改变,位错密度增加,硬度、强度提高。其应力-应变曲线在屈服点后呈抛物线型继续上升,按曲线最高点确定断裂强度,普遍高于屈服强度。例如304LN不锈钢,其室温屈服强度约为400-500MPa,在屈服点后应力-应变曲线斜率保持上升,断裂强度约为600~750MPa,是典型的加工硬化行为[Science and Engineering A,486(2008),283–286];超细晶Q&P钢在室温至190℃拉伸,其应力-应变曲线在屈服点后普遍升高,断裂强度分别为1450MPa-1650MPa,普遍高于屈服强度[Scripta Materialia,123(2016),69–72]。
这种加工硬化是多晶体金属材料的普遍性质。只有在特殊情况下,金属材料才会出现加工软化的反传统行为。
A.H.Cottrell提出,金属材料的加工软化表现为其应力-应变曲线第3阶段的硬化速率降低。他认为,确定金属材料的加工软化通常需要3个条件:1)在低温或室温下变形;2)材料为单晶体;3)延性好的金属,如Al、Cu、不锈钢,如Al单晶体室温变形即发生加工软化[Philosophical Magazine Letters,81(1),2001,23-28]。单晶体Zn在77K压缩变形,其应力-应变曲线在没有明显的塑性变形即发生应***化,经X-Ray、TEM分析,确定这种应***化的机制是变形中晶体发生扭折,〈1120〉(0001)滑移系开动导致的几何软化[Philosophical Magazine,30:3,515-526,DOI:10.1080/14786439808206577]。
低碳钢的主要成分为Fe、C元素,通常经过热处理得到回火低碳马氏体、珠光体或铁素体+渗碳体组织,其屈服强度300MPa~1200MPa,在船舶、桥梁、车辆、锅炉等领域有广泛的应用。已经发现,对低碳钢分别进行热轧、淬火和ECAP处理,ECAP晶粒细化优于固溶处理和相变处理,材料强化效果优于淬火[Materials and Design,65(2015),115-119,];0.18%C钢通过提高轧制速度使晶粒细化至400μm,强度由350GMp提高到810GMp,但钢的韧性显著降低[Materials Letters,160(2015),213-217]。
值得注意的是,有关钢铁材料的各项研究中,无一例外的其应力-应变曲线都呈现加工硬化特征。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种方法简单、低碳钢室温应力-应变曲线呈现出加工软化特征的加工软化低碳钢的制备方法。
本发明的制备方法如下:
采用含碳量为0.13%~0.21%的普通低碳钢,在Ac1上30℃保温1小时,放入10%氯化钠冰水淬火得到板条马氏体,室温冷轧,变形量为75~80%,其组织为平行排列的C过饱和变形铁素体板条,在200~400℃回火,得到薄饼形晶粒低碳钢板。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
制备方法简单,低碳钢室温应力-应变曲线呈现出加工软化特征,其组织为薄饼形过饱和变形铁素体晶粒,强度和延伸率高于淬火-回火态的同一低碳钢。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1制备的低碳钢的室温拉伸应力-应变曲线对比图。
图2是本发明实施例1制备的加工软化低碳钢的光学金相组织,a)钢板侧面金相组织、b)钢板轧面金相组织。
图3是本发明实施例1制备的加工软化低碳钢淬火-80%变形-400℃回火的室温应力应变曲线图。
图4是本发明实施例2制备的加工软化低碳钢淬火-80%变形-200℃回火的室温应力应变曲线图。
图5是本发明实施例3制备的加工软化低碳钢淬火-80%变形-300℃回火的室温应力应变曲线图。
图6是本发明实施例4制备的加工软化低碳钢淬火-75%变形-300℃回火的室温应力应变曲线图。
图7是本发明实施例5制备的加工软化低碳钢淬火-75%变形-400℃回火的室温应力应变曲线图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
选用15低碳钢,其化学成分的重量百分比为:C 0.13%、Si 0.08%、Mn 0.13%、P0.01%、S0.004%、余量为Fe,加热到920℃保温1小时,经10%氯化钠冰水淬火得到板条马氏体;室温下冷轧,变形量为80%,其组织为平行排列的C过饱和变形铁素体板条;在400℃回火,得到薄饼形晶粒低碳钢板。
如图1所示,1是制备的低碳钢曲线在屈服点后随着应变增加强度降低,具有加工软化特征;作为对比,2是同一低碳钢退火态的曲线,在屈服点后随着应变增加强度增高,是经典的加工硬化特征。
如图2所示,a)钢板侧面金相组织,细线为平行排列的C过饱和变形铁素体板条;b)钢板轧面金相组织,多边形是大尺寸C过饱和铁素体晶粒。低碳钢晶粒为薄饼形。
测量室温拉伸应力-应变曲线,如图3所示;其力学性能见表1。
表1 15钢淬火-80%变形-400℃回火的力学性能
实施例2
选用15号低碳钢,其化学成分的重量百分比为:C 0.13%、Si 0.08%、Mn 0.13%、P 0.01%、S 0.004%、余量为Fe,加热到920℃保温1小时,经10%氯化钠冰水淬火得到板条马氏体,室温冷轧,变形量为80%,其组织为平行排列的C过饱和变形铁素体板条,在200℃回火,得到薄饼形晶粒低碳钢板。
测量室温拉伸应力-应变曲线,如图4所示;其力学性能见表2。
表2 15钢淬火-80%变形-200℃回火的力学性能
实施例3
选用15号低碳钢,其化学成分的重量百分比为:C 0.13%、Si 0.08%、Mn 0.13%、P 0.01%、S 0.004%、余量为Fe,加热到920℃保温1小时,经10%氯化钠冰水淬火得到板条马氏体,室温冷轧,变形量为80%,其组织为平行排列的C过饱和变形铁素体板条,在300℃回火,得到薄饼形晶粒低碳钢板。
测量室温拉伸应力-应变曲线,如图5所示;其力学性能见表3。
表5 15钢淬火-80%变形-300℃回火的力学性能
实施例4
选用20号低碳钢,其化学成分的重量百分比为:C 0.21%、Si 0.07%、Mn 0.18%、P 0.02%、S 0.006%、Cr 0.41%、Mo 0.33%、余量为Fe,加热到935℃保温1小时,经10%氯化钠冰水淬火得到板条马氏体,室温冷轧,变形量为75%,其组织为平行排列的C过饱和变形铁素体板条,在300℃回火,得到薄饼形晶粒低碳钢板。
测量室温拉伸应力-应变曲线,如图6所示;其力学性能见表4.
表4 20钢淬火-75%变形-300℃回火的力学性能
实施例5
选用20号低碳钢,其化学成分的重量百分比为:C 0.21%、Si 0.07%、Mn 0.18%、P 0.02%、S 0.006%、Cr 0.41%、Mo 0.33%、余量为Fe,加热到935℃保温1小时,经10%氯化钠冰水淬火得到板条马氏体,室温冷轧,变形量为75%,其组织为平行排列的C过饱和变形铁素体板条,在400℃回火,得到薄饼形晶粒低碳钢板。
测量室温拉伸应力-应变曲线,如图7所示;其力学性能见表5.
表5 20钢淬火-75%变形-400℃回火的力学性能
Claims (1)
1.一种加工软化低碳钢的制备方法,其特征是:采用含碳量为0.13~0.21%的普通低碳钢,在Ac1上30℃保温1小时,放入10%氯化钠冰水中淬火得到板条马氏体,室温冷轧,变形量为75~80%,其组织为平行排列的C过饱和变形铁素体;在200℃~400℃回火,得到薄饼形C过饱和铁素体晶粒的低碳钢板。
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US4146409A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1979-03-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Process for making a high toughness-high strength iron alloy |
CN101225459A (zh) * | 2007-11-16 | 2008-07-23 | 燕山大学 | 高塑性超细晶微合金低碳钢的制造方法 |
CN102864299A (zh) * | 2012-09-10 | 2013-01-09 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | 一种超高强度钢的等温转变热处理方法 |
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US4146409A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1979-03-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Process for making a high toughness-high strength iron alloy |
CN101225459A (zh) * | 2007-11-16 | 2008-07-23 | 燕山大学 | 高塑性超细晶微合金低碳钢的制造方法 |
CN102864299A (zh) * | 2012-09-10 | 2013-01-09 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | 一种超高强度钢的等温转变热处理方法 |
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