CN108994135B - Thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method - Google Patents

Thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108994135B
CN108994135B CN201810758943.9A CN201810758943A CN108994135B CN 108994135 B CN108994135 B CN 108994135B CN 201810758943 A CN201810758943 A CN 201810758943A CN 108994135 B CN108994135 B CN 108994135B
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forming
plate
die
hot
quenching
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CN108994135A (en
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肖瑞
韩维群
李艳丽
李保永
秦中环
刘奇
刘伟
徐凯
徐柄桐
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Beijing Aerospace Machinery Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Beijing Aerospace Machinery Manufacturing Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a hot forming and quenching integrated forming method, which is used for processing and forming an alloy plate and comprises the following steps: step one, mounting a forming die on hot-press forming equipment, and heating the forming die to a quenching temperature; step two, heating the plate to a quenching temperature in a heating furnace, and taking out the plate to be fixed in a cavity of the lower die; step three, starting hot-press forming equipment, cooling the forming mould and the plate by using a cooling device in the process of gradually closing the forming mould to carry out hot forming on the plate, and controlling the temperature of the plate to be reduced so as to finish quenching; completely closing the mold to be formed, and finishing hot forming; and step four, carrying out aging treatment on the formed plate. According to the invention, the alloy plate is immediately quenched after hot forming, and a fine grain structure at high temperature is kept while the alloy plate is processed and hardened, so that the strength of the alloy plate is effectively ensured; the quenching process is performed in the die cavity, so that the formed part is effectively prevented from deforming due to thermal stress, and the forming precision is high.

Description

Thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, and belongs to the field of precision sheet metal machining.
Background
The alloy plate has poor forming performance at room temperature, and the traditional cold pressure processing or tailor-welding forming method has poor precision and large deformation resistance and is difficult to form parts with complex shapes. At present, the traditional processes, such as hot stamping, superplastic forming, hot hydraulic forming technology, hot metal air pressure forming technology and the like, are gradually replaced by a hot forming method, and the forming purpose is achieved by improving the deformation performance of the material and reducing the deformation resistance of the material. However, with the development of light-weight technology, on one hand, the structural design is gradually simplified, and on the other hand, heavy metals are replaced by light alloys such as aluminum alloys, so that the strength requirement of formed parts is higher and higher in order to ensure the structural rigidity. In the hot forming process, two opposite processes of work hardening, recovery and recrystallization softening are simultaneously carried out in the alloy, and the strength of the hot formed part is possibly reduced, so that the use of the hot formed part is influenced. For this reason, it is often necessary to separately heat treat the alloy after hot forming. However, due to the influence of thermal stress, uneven cooling and heating, etc. during the heat treatment strengthening process, even if a die tool is used, the formed material is easy to deform again, so that the method has the disadvantages of high cost, high energy consumption, long period and low precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides a thermal forming and quenching integrated forming method which can improve the strength of formed parts, ensure the dimensional accuracy of the formed parts and reduce the production process flow.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a hot forming and quenching integrated forming method is used for processing and forming an alloy plate and comprises the following steps:
step one, mounting a forming die on a frame of hot-press forming equipment;
step two, heating the plate to a quenching temperature in a heating furnace, taking out the plate, and fixing the plate in the forming die;
step three, opening the hot-press forming equipment, carrying out hot forming on the plate by using the forming die, and finishing the hot forming after the forming die is completely closed;
immediately cooling the forming die and the formed plate by using a cooling device after the hot forming is finished, and controlling the temperature of the formed plate to be reduced to room temperature at the speed of 2-3 ℃/s so as to quench; in the quenching process, the formed plate is subjected to pressure maintaining by using the forming die;
and step five, opening the forming die, taking out the formed plate, and carrying out aging treatment on the formed plate.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated molding method, the molding die includes an upper die and a lower die.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, in the third step, in the process of thermoforming the plate by using the forming die, the speed of the upper die moving towards the lower die is 50-200 mm/s.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, the forming die has a lower die and is flexibly loaded by using a gas medium.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, in the third step, in the process of thermoforming the plate by using the forming die, the loading pressure of the gas medium is 0.1-100 MPa.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, in the third step, the cooling device includes a water tank, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and a water supply device, the water tank is formed inside the lower die and located at the rear side of the cavity of the lower die, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe both penetrate through the lower die and are communicated to the water tank, and a water inlet valve is arranged on a water path connecting the water supply device and the water inlet pipe; the water inlet speed of the water tank is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the water inlet valve, so that the falling speed of the temperature of the plate is controlled.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, in the third step, the cooling device includes a cold air pipe and an air compressor, wherein an outlet of the cold air pipe is aligned with a cavity of the lower mold; controlling a falling speed of the temperature of the plate material by adjusting wind power of the air compressor.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, before the first step, the following steps are further performed: prefabricating a plate according to the unfolding size of a part to be formed, polishing and pickling the plate, and smearing a lubricant; and designing a lower die cavity of the forming die according to the shape and the overall dimension of the part to be formed, wherein the size of the cavity of the lower die is enlarged relative to the overall dimension of the part to be formed, the enlarged amount is 3-7 permillage of the overall dimension of the part to be formed, and then designing an upper die according to the lower die cavity.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, in the first step, the forming die is preheated, and the heating temperature is lower than the quenching temperature of the plate material by 100 to 200 ℃.
Preferably, in the hot forming and quenching integrated forming method, in the fifth step, the aging treatment is performed on the formed plate, and the specific process includes: and placing the formed plate in an incubator at a certain temperature for 5-20 hours for aging treatment, or placing the formed plate in the incubator at a room temperature for 3-4 days for natural aging treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention immediately quenches the alloy plate after hot forming, retains fine crystalline structure at high temperature while processing and hardening, and effectively ensures the strength of the material.
(2) The invention immediately quenches the alloy plate after hot forming, the quenching process is generated in the die cavity, the formed part is effectively prevented from deforming due to thermal stress, and the forming precision is high.
(3) The invention quenches the alloy plate immediately after hot forming, has various heating modes and quenching modes, can be selected according to production and has flexible design.
(4) The method directly quenches the alloy plate after hot forming, and has the advantages of short process period, high efficiency and low energy consumption compared with the conventional hot forming-quenching process flow.
(5) Compared with the conventional hot forming-quenching process, the method reduces the tools required by quenching and has low cost.
(6) The invention is suitable for processing the heat-treatable reinforced alloy parts with higher requirements on the forming size precision, the profile precision, the surface quality and the mechanical property of the material, and has wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a forming die according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a lower mold in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic reverse side view of the lower mold in one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
The invention provides a hot forming and quenching integrated forming method, which is used for processing and forming an alloy plate and comprises the following steps:
step one, mounting a forming die (the structure of the forming die of one embodiment is shown in fig. 1 and 2) on a hot press forming device.
And step two, heating the plate to a quenching temperature in a heating furnace, taking out the plate, and fixing the plate in the forming die.
And step three, opening the hot-press forming equipment, carrying out hot forming on the plate by using the forming die, and finishing the hot forming after the forming die is completely closed.
Immediately cooling the forming die and the formed plate by using a cooling device after the hot forming is finished, and controlling the temperature of the formed plate to be reduced to room temperature at the speed of 2-3 ℃/s so as to quench; and in the quenching process, the formed plate is subjected to pressure maintaining by using the forming die.
According to the invention, the alloy plate is immediately quenched after the hot forming is finished, and the fine grain structure at high temperature is kept while the alloy plate is processed and hardened, so that the material strength is effectively ensured; and the quenching process is performed in the die cavity, so that the formed part is effectively prevented from deforming due to thermal stress, and the forming precision is high. Meanwhile, the formed plate is directly maintained in pressure by using the forming die in the quenching process, and the pressure maintaining and the cooling are carried out simultaneously so as to promote the formed plate to be fully quenched.
And step five, opening the forming die, taking out the formed plate, and carrying out aging treatment on the formed plate. After aging treatment, the hardness and the strength of the formed plate are obviously improved.
The invention directly quenches the alloy plate, namely, the quenching process is finished on the hot-press forming equipment, and the hot-press forming workpiece does not need to be taken out of the hot-press forming equipment and then put into the quenching equipment which is additionally arranged, so the process period is greatly shortened, the processing efficiency is greatly improved, the energy consumption is greatly reduced, the tooling required by quenching is reduced, and the processing cost is reduced.
The invention is suitable for processing the heat-treatable strengthened alloy parts with higher requirements on forming size precision, profile precision, surface quality and mechanical properties of materials. The alloy sheet material of the present invention includes heat-treatable strengthened alloy sheet materials such as aluminum alloy and steel materials.
In one embodiment, when an aluminum alloy material is used as the alloy plate, since the solid solution temperature of the aluminum alloy material is different from the quenching sensitive range by only tens of degrees centigrade, the heat dissipation speed is high, and the temperature of the material is easy to change, the transfer and the forming of the plate should be completed in a short time as much as possible.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, the forming mold comprises an upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 (as shown in fig. 1 and 2). When the forming mold is composed of an upper mold 1 and a lower mold 2, when the forming mold is mounted on a hot press forming apparatus, the upper and lower molds need to be positioned and adjusted to the corresponding position height so as to be closed.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, in the third step, in the process of thermoforming the plate material by using the forming die, the speed of the upper die 1 moving towards the lower die 2 is 50-200 mm/s. And (3) completely assembling the upper die 1 and the lower die 2, and finishing the hot forming of the plate 3.
The rate of movement of the upper die towards the lower die determines the rate of thermoforming of the sheet material. If the hot forming speed of the plate is too high, the quenching process of the plate cannot be finished, and the strength of the material is insufficient; if the hot forming speed of the sheet is too slow, the strength of the material may be insufficient.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, the forming die is provided with a lower die and is flexibly loaded by adopting a gas medium. The flexible loading is suitable for processing and forming the complex-profile plate.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, in the third step, in the process of thermoforming the plate by using the forming die, the loading pressure of the gas medium is 0.1-100 MPa.
The loading pressure of the gaseous medium determines the rate of thermoforming of the sheet. If the hot forming speed of the plate is too high, the quenching process of the plate cannot be finished, and the strength of the material is insufficient; if the hot forming speed of the sheet is too slow, the strength of the material may be insufficient.
Specifically, the gas pressure is controlled by a PLC pressure control valve, and the plate is pressurized by setting a time-pressure curve.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, in the third step, the cooling device includes a water tank 7, a water inlet pipe 6, a water outlet pipe 8 and a water supply device, the water tank 7 is formed inside the lower mold 2 and is located at the rear side of the cavity 5 of the lower mold, the water inlet pipe 6 and the water outlet pipe 8 both penetrate through the lower mold 2 and are communicated to the water tank 7, and a water inlet valve is arranged on a water path connecting the water supply device and the water inlet pipe; the water inlet speed of the water tank is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the water inlet valve, so that the falling speed of the temperature of the plate is controlled.
The water tank 7 has heat radiating fins therein so as to promote a temperature drop of the forming die and the sheet material. The water tank is sealed by a seal welding plate 4.
In the process of carrying out hot forming by using the forming die, namely the upper die gradually moves towards the lower die, or in the process of loading gas, the water inlet valve is opened, and cooling water is introduced into the water tank of the lower die so as to reduce the temperature of the plate in the upper die of the forming die, so that the temperature of the plate is rapidly reduced in the hot forming process, and the quenching process is completed. The water inlet speed of the water tank is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the water inlet valve, so that the temperature reduction speed of the plate is controlled, and the quenching process of the plate is controlled.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, in the third step, the cooling device includes a cold air pipe and an air compressor, wherein an outlet of the cold air pipe is aligned with a cavity of the lower mold; controlling a falling speed of the temperature of the plate material by adjusting wind power of the air compressor.
In another embodiment, air cooling may also be used for quenching. The hot-press forming device is characterized in that a cold air pipe and an air compressor are arranged on the hot-press forming device in advance, the outlet of the cold air pipe is aligned to the cavity position of the lower die, the installation position of the cold air pipe is kept at a proper distance from the die, and the cold air pipe is prevented from being damaged due to high temperature.
In the process of carrying out hot forming by using the forming die, namely, the upper die gradually moves towards the lower die, or in the process of loading by gas, an air compressor is started to enable cold air to circulate around the forming die or the plate, so that the aim of rapidly reducing the temperature of the die and the plate is fulfilled, and the temperature is rapidly reduced in the hot forming process of the plate, thereby completing quenching. Wherein, the temperature drop speed of the plate is controlled by adjusting the wind power of the air compressor so as to control the quenching process of the plate.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, before the step one, the following steps are further performed: prefabricating a plate according to the unfolding size of a part to be formed, polishing and pickling the plate, and smearing a lubricant; and designing a lower die cavity of the forming die according to the shape and the overall dimension of the part to be formed, wherein the size of the cavity of the lower die is enlarged relative to the overall dimension of the part to be formed, the enlarged amount is 3-7 permillage of the overall dimension of the part to be formed, and then designing an upper die according to the lower die cavity.
The surface oxidation of the plate can be prevented by the polishing and the acid washing in the process. The lubricant is preferably graphite.
Preferably, in the thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method, in the first step, the forming mold is preheated, and the heating temperature is 100 to 200 ℃ lower than the quenching temperature of the plate material. When the sheet material is placed into the forming die, once the temperature of the forming die is too low, the temperature of the sheet material may be reduced too fast, and the forming and heat treatment effects may be affected. Therefore, the forming die is preheated to eliminate adverse effects.
Specifically, a thermocouple coil is installed around the molding die, the die can be heated by opening a switch, and the temperature of the molding die is measured by a temperature measuring gun. Before the sheet material is hot-formed by using the forming die, the switch of the thermocouple coil needs to be closed.
Processing an aluminum alloy plate, wherein the preheating temperature range of a forming die is 300-400 ℃; when the steel plate is processed, the preheating temperature range of the forming die is 500-600 ℃.
Preferably, in the hot forming and quenching integrated forming method, in the fifth step, the formed plate is subjected to aging treatment, and the specific process includes: and placing the formed plate in an incubator at a certain temperature for 5-20 hours for aging treatment, or placing the formed plate in the incubator at a room temperature for 3-4 days for natural aging treatment.
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention.
Example one
The thickness of the 2A12 hard aluminum alloy plate adopted by the embodiment is 2mm, the lower end face of the external dimension of the drawing piece is 70mm multiplied by 70mm, the precision requirement is +/-0.2 mm, the height is 15mm, the length of the upper end face is 10mm, the fillet center line R3, and the precision requirement is +/-0.1 mm.
The method comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) carrying out plane development: according to the relative position of the external shape of the aluminum alloy plate, the thickness of the plate required by hot-press forming is designed to be 2mm, and the size of the plate is 114mm multiplied by 70 mm. And (4) polishing and pickling the plate, and smearing a lubricant.
(2) Designing a forming die: when designing and manufacturing the hot-press forming die of the aluminum alloy plate, the enlargement processing is carried out according to the final size of the aluminum alloy plate part, and the enlargement factor is selected to be 5 per mill. The water tank is arranged on the lower die by designing the aperture of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the cooling device, the square plate is welded on the sealing water tank on the bottom surface of the lower die after the lower die is manufactured, and the water tank design of the forming die can simultaneously meet the requirements of die strength and the effect of rapidly cooling the die and the plate in the forming process.
(3) Hot-press forming and cooling quenching of the plate: and heating the 2A12 hard aluminum alloy plate prepared in the first step to 500 ℃. And (4) positioning and mounting the forming die prepared in the step two on hot-press forming equipment, wherein the distance between the upper die cavity and the lower die cavity is 100 mm. The forming die was heated to 400 ℃. Assembling the mould, connecting the pipeline and keeping the water inlet valve closed. And (3) mounting the plate in a cavity of a lower die, moving an upper die downwards at the speed of 100mm/s, and forming the plate in a hot-press forming die.
(4) And (4) completing the thermal forming, immediately opening a water inlet valve, and cooling the forming die and the plate by water flow at the speed of 2 ℃/s to complete the cooling and quenching of the plate. In the quenching process, the forming die maintains the pressure of the formed plate, and the pressure is set to be 50 tons.
(5) Natural aging: and (4) moving the upper die upwards to take out the formed plate, and placing the formed plate in room temperature for 4 days for natural aging to obtain the required part.
The lower end face of the drawing formed piece processed by the embodiment has the external dimension of 70mm multiplied by 70mm, and the precision reaches +/-0.2 mm; the height is 15mm, the length of the upper end surface is 10mm, the radius center line R3, and the dimensional accuracy reaches +/-0.1 mm. The aluminum alloy formed piece is in a T4 state. The formed piece processed in the embodiment is analyzed by a sample cutting tensile test, the yield strength reaches more than 250MPa, and the tensile strength reaches more than 400 MPa.
Example two
The thickness of the 2A12 hard aluminum alloy plate adopted by the embodiment is 2mm, the lower end face of the external dimension of the drawing piece is 70mm multiplied by 70mm, the precision requirement is +/-0.2 mm, the height is 15mm, the length of the upper end face is 10mm, the fillet center line R3, and the precision requirement is +/-0.1 mm.
The method comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) carrying out plane development: according to the relative position of the external shape of the aluminum alloy plate, the thickness of the plate required by hot-press forming is designed to be 2mm, and the size of the plate is 114mm multiplied by 70 mm. And (4) polishing and pickling the plate, and smearing a lubricant.
(2) Designing a forming die: when designing and manufacturing the hot-press forming die of the aluminum alloy plate, the enlargement processing is carried out according to the final size of the aluminum alloy plate part, and the enlargement factor is selected to be 3 per mill. The water tank is arranged on the lower die by designing the aperture of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the cooling device, the square plate is welded on the sealing water tank on the bottom surface of the lower die after the lower die is manufactured, and the water tank design of the forming die can simultaneously meet the requirements of die strength and the effect of rapidly cooling the die and the plate in the forming process.
(3) Hot-press forming and cooling quenching of the plate: heating the plate prepared in the first step to 500 ℃. And (4) positioning and mounting the forming die prepared in the step two on hot-press forming equipment, wherein the distance between the upper die cavity and the lower die cavity is 100 mm. The forming mold was heated to 300 ℃. Assembling the mould, connecting the pipeline and keeping the water inlet valve closed. And (3) mounting the plate in a cavity of a lower die, moving an upper die downwards at the speed of 50mm/s, and forming the plate in a hot-press forming die.
(4) And (4) completing the thermal forming, immediately opening a water inlet valve, and cooling the forming die and the plate by water flow at the speed of 3 ℃/s to complete the cooling and quenching of the plate. In the quenching process, the forming die maintains the pressure of the formed plate, and the pressure is set to be 50 tons.
(5) Natural aging: and (4) moving the upper die upwards to take out the formed plate, and placing the formed plate in room temperature for 3 days for natural aging, thereby obtaining the required parts.
The lower end face of the drawing formed piece processed by the embodiment has the external dimension of 70mm multiplied by 70mm, and the precision reaches +/-0.2 mm; the height is 15mm, the length of the upper end surface is 10mm, the radius center line R3, and the dimensional accuracy reaches +/-0.1 mm. The aluminum alloy formed piece is in a T4 state. The formed piece processed in the embodiment is analyzed by a sample cutting tensile test, the yield strength reaches more than 250MPa, and the tensile strength reaches more than 400 MPa.
EXAMPLE III
The thickness of the 2A12 hard aluminum alloy plate adopted by the embodiment is 2mm, the lower end face of the external dimension of the drawing piece is 70mm multiplied by 70mm, the precision requirement is +/-0.2 mm, the height is 15mm, the length of the upper end face is 10mm, the fillet center line R3, and the precision requirement is +/-0.1 mm.
The method comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) carrying out plane development: according to the relative position of the external shape of the aluminum alloy plate, the thickness of the plate required by hot-press forming is designed to be 2mm, and the size of the plate is 114mm multiplied by 70 mm. And (4) polishing and pickling the plate, and smearing a lubricant.
(2) Designing a forming die: when designing and manufacturing the hot-press forming die of the aluminum alloy plate, the enlargement processing is carried out according to the final size of the aluminum alloy plate part, and the enlargement factor is selected to be 7 per mill. The water tank is arranged on the lower die by designing the aperture of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the cooling device, the square plate is welded on the sealing water tank on the bottom surface of the lower die after the lower die is manufactured, and the water tank design of the forming die can simultaneously meet the requirements of die strength and the effect of rapidly cooling the die and the plate in the forming process.
(3) Hot-press forming and cooling quenching of the plate: heating the plate prepared in the first step to 500 ℃. And (4) positioning and mounting the forming die prepared in the step two on hot-press forming equipment, wherein the distance between the upper die cavity and the lower die cavity is 100 mm. Assembling the mould, connecting the pipeline and keeping the water inlet valve closed. And (3) mounting the plate in a cavity of a lower die, moving an upper die downwards at the speed of 200mm/s, and forming the plate in a hot-press forming die.
(4) And (4) completing the thermal forming, immediately opening a water inlet valve, and cooling the forming die and the plate by water flow at the speed of 2 ℃/s to complete the cooling and quenching of the plate. In the quenching process, the forming die maintains the pressure of the formed plate, and the pressure is set to be 50 tons.
(5) Natural aging: and moving the upper die upwards to take out the formed plate, and placing the formed plate in an incubator set at a certain temperature for 5 hours for aging treatment to obtain the required part.
The lower end face of the drawing formed piece processed by the embodiment has the external dimension of 70mm multiplied by 70mm, and the precision reaches +/-0.2 mm; the height is 15mm, the length of the upper end surface is 10mm, the circular bead center line R3 is formed, and the precision reaches +/-0.1 mm. The aluminum alloy formed piece is in a T4 state. The formed piece processed in the embodiment is analyzed by a sample cutting tensile test, the yield strength reaches more than 250MPa, and the tensile strength reaches more than 400 MPa.
Example four
The thickness of the 2A12 hard aluminum alloy plate adopted by the embodiment is 2mm, the lower end face of the external dimension of the drawing piece is 70mm multiplied by 70mm, the precision requirement is +/-0.2 mm, the height is 15mm, the length of the upper end face is 10mm, the fillet center line R3, and the precision requirement is +/-0.1 mm. The method comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) carrying out plane development: according to the relative position of the external shape of the aluminum alloy plate, the thickness of the plate required by hot-press forming is designed to be 2mm, and the size of the plate is 114mm multiplied by 70 mm. And (4) polishing and pickling the plate, and smearing a lubricant.
(2) Designing a forming die: when designing and manufacturing the hot-press forming die of the aluminum alloy plate, the enlargement processing is carried out according to the final size of the aluminum alloy plate part, and the enlargement factor is selected to be 5 per mill. And a cold air pipe and an air compressor of the cooling device are installed, wherein the outlet of the cold air pipe is aligned to the position of the cavity of the lower die.
(3) Hot-press forming and cooling quenching of the plate: heating the plate prepared in the first step to 500 ℃. And positioning and mounting the forming die prepared in the step two on hot-press forming equipment. The forming mold was heated to 400 ℃. The plate is arranged in a cavity of a lower die, the gas medium is adopted for flexible loading, the loading pressure is 0.1MPa, and the plate is formed in a hot-press forming die.
(4) And (4) finishing hot forming, immediately opening an air compressor, and cooling the forming die and the plate by cold air at the speed of 2 ℃/s to finish cooling and quenching the plate. In the quenching process, the forming die maintains the pressure of the formed plate, and the pressure is set to be 50 tons.
(5) Natural aging: and taking out the formed plate, and placing the formed plate at room temperature for 3 days for natural aging to obtain the required part.
The lower end face of the drawing formed piece processed by the embodiment has the external dimension of 70mm multiplied by 70mm, and the precision reaches +/-0.2 mm; the height is 15mm, the length of the upper end surface is 10mm, the radius center line R3, and the dimensional accuracy reaches +/-0.1 mm. The aluminum alloy formed piece is in a T4 state. The formed piece processed in the embodiment is analyzed by a sample cutting tensile test, the yield strength reaches more than 250MPa, and the tensile strength reaches more than 400 MPa.
EXAMPLE five
The thickness of the 2A12 hard aluminum alloy plate adopted by the embodiment is 2mm, the lower end face of the external dimension of the drawing piece is 70mm multiplied by 70mm, the precision requirement is +/-0.2 mm, the height is 15mm, the length of the upper end face is 10mm, the fillet center line R3, and the precision requirement is +/-0.1 mm.
The method comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) carrying out plane development: according to the relative position of the external shape of the aluminum alloy plate, the thickness of the plate required by hot-press forming is designed to be 2mm, and the size of the plate is 114mm multiplied by 70 mm. And (4) polishing and pickling the plate, and smearing a lubricant.
(2) Designing a forming die: when designing and manufacturing the hot-press forming die of the aluminum alloy plate, the enlargement processing is carried out according to the final size of the aluminum alloy plate part, and the enlargement factor is selected to be 3 per mill. And a cold air pipe and an air compressor of the cooling device are installed, wherein the outlet of the cold air pipe is aligned to the position of the cavity of the lower die.
(3) Hot-press forming and cooling quenching of the plate: heating the plate prepared in the first step to 500 ℃. And positioning and mounting the forming die prepared in the step two on hot-press forming equipment. The forming mold was heated to 300 ℃. And (3) mounting the plate in a cavity of a lower die, flexibly loading by adopting a gas medium, wherein the loading pressure is 100MPa, and forming the plate in a hot-press forming die.
(4) And (4) finishing hot forming, immediately opening an air compressor, cooling the forming die and the plate by cold air at the speed of 3 ℃/s, and finishing cooling and quenching the plate. In the quenching process, the forming die maintains the pressure of the formed plate, and the pressure is set to be 50 tons.
(5) Natural aging: and taking out the formed plate, and placing the formed plate at room temperature for 4 days for natural aging to obtain the required part.
The lower end face of the drawing formed piece processed by the embodiment has the external dimension of 70mm multiplied by 70mm, and the precision reaches +/-0.2 mm; the height is 15mm, the length of the upper end surface is 10mm, the radius center line R3, and the dimensional accuracy reaches +/-0.1 mm. The aluminum alloy formed piece is in a T4 state. The formed piece processed in the embodiment is analyzed by a sample cutting tensile test, the yield strength reaches more than 250MPa, and the tensile strength reaches more than 400 MPa.
EXAMPLE six
The thickness of the 2A12 hard aluminum alloy plate adopted by the embodiment is 2mm, the lower end face of the external dimension of the drawing piece is 70mm multiplied by 70mm, the precision requirement is +/-0.2 mm, the height is 15mm, the length of the upper end face is 10mm, the fillet center line R3, and the precision requirement is +/-0.1 mm. The aluminum alloy forming piece is in a T4 state, the yield strength is 250MPa, and the tensile strength is more than 400 MPa. The method comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) carrying out plane development: according to the relative position of the external shape of the aluminum alloy plate, the thickness of the plate required by hot-press forming is designed to be 2mm, and the size of the plate is 114mm multiplied by 70 mm. And (4) polishing and pickling the plate, and smearing a lubricant.
(2) Designing a forming die: when designing and manufacturing the hot-press forming die of the aluminum alloy plate, the enlargement processing is carried out according to the final size of the aluminum alloy plate part, and the enlargement factor is selected to be 7 per mill. And a cold air pipe and an air compressor of the cooling device are installed, wherein the outlet of the cold air pipe is aligned to the position of the cavity of the lower die.
(3) Hot-press forming and cooling quenching of the plate: heating the plate prepared in the first step to 500 ℃. And positioning and mounting the forming die prepared in the step two on hot-press forming equipment. The plate is arranged in a cavity of a lower die, a gas medium is adopted for flexible loading, the loading pressure is 100MPa, the plate is formed in a hot-press forming die, an air compressor is started while the gas is loaded, cold air enables the forming die and the plate to be rapidly cooled, and cooling and quenching of the plate are completed. And (5) completing the die assembly, namely finishing the hot press forming of the plate.
(4) And (4) finishing hot forming, immediately opening an air compressor, cooling the forming die and the plate by cold air at the speed of 3 ℃/s, and finishing cooling and quenching the plate. In the quenching process, the forming die maintains the pressure of the formed plate, and the pressure is set to be 50 tons.
(5) Natural aging: and taking out the formed plate, and placing the formed plate in an incubator set at a certain temperature for 5-20 hours for aging treatment to obtain the required part.
The lower end face of the drawing formed piece processed by the embodiment has the external dimension of 70mm multiplied by 70mm, and the precision reaches +/-0.2 mm; the height is 15mm, the length of the upper end surface is 10mm, the circular bead center line R3, and the precision reaches +/-0.1 mm. The aluminum alloy formed piece is in a T4 state. The formed piece processed in the embodiment is analyzed by a sample cutting tensile test, the yield strength reaches more than 250MPa, and the tensile strength reaches more than 400 MPa.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.

Claims (7)

1. The hot forming and quenching integrated forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps of processing and forming an alloy plate:
step one, mounting a forming die on a frame of hot-press forming equipment;
step two, heating the plate to a quenching temperature in a heating furnace, taking out the plate, and fixing the plate in the forming die;
step three, opening the hot-press forming equipment, carrying out hot forming on the plate by using the forming die, and finishing the hot forming after the forming die is completely closed;
immediately cooling the forming die and the formed plate by using a cooling device after the hot forming is finished, and controlling the temperature of the formed plate to be reduced to room temperature at the speed of 2-3 ℃/s so as to quench; in the quenching process, the formed plate is subjected to pressure maintaining by using the forming die;
opening the forming die, taking out a formed plate, and carrying out aging treatment on the formed plate;
in the first step, the forming die is preheated, and the heating temperature is 100-200 ℃ lower than the quenching temperature of the plate;
the forming die comprises an upper die and a lower die; in the third step, in the process of carrying out hot forming on the plate by using the forming die, the speed of the upper die moving towards the lower die is 50-200 mm/s;
the alloy plate is a heat-treatment-strengthened hard aluminum alloy plate.
2. A thermoforming quench integrated forming process as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the forming die has a lower die, flexibly loaded with a gaseous medium.
3. The integrated hot forming and quenching forming method according to claim 2, wherein in the third step, the loading pressure of the gas medium is 0.1 to 100MPa in the process of hot forming the plate material by the forming die.
4. A thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step three, the cooling device comprises a water tank, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and a water supply device, the water tank is formed inside the lower mold and is located at the rear side of the cavity of the lower mold, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe both penetrate through the lower mold and are communicated to the water tank, and a water inlet valve is arranged on a connecting waterway of the water supply device and the water inlet pipe; the water inlet speed of the water tank is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the water inlet valve, so that the falling speed of the temperature of the plate is controlled.
5. The thermoforming and quenching integrated forming method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the third step, the cooling device comprises a cold air pipe and an air compressor, wherein an outlet of the cold air pipe is aligned with a cavity position of the lower mold; controlling a falling speed of the temperature of the plate material by adjusting wind power of the air compressor.
6. A hot forming and quenching integrated forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step one is preceded by the step of: prefabricating a plate according to the unfolding size of a part to be formed, polishing and pickling the plate, and smearing a lubricant; and designing a lower die cavity of the forming die according to the shape and the overall dimension of the part to be formed, wherein the size of the cavity of the lower die is enlarged relative to the overall dimension of the part to be formed, the enlarged amount is 3-7 permillage of the overall dimension of the part to be formed, and then designing an upper die according to the lower die cavity.
7. The hot forming and quenching integrated forming method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the aging treatment is performed on the formed plate, and the specific process comprises the following steps: and placing the formed plate in an incubator at a certain temperature for 5-20 hours for aging treatment, or placing the formed plate in the incubator at a room temperature for 3-4 days for natural aging treatment.
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CN110846481A (en) * 2019-11-12 2020-02-28 山东汽车弹簧厂淄博有限公司 Device and method for preparing isolated plate spring steel sheet
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