CN108979569A - 一种不动管柱三层解堵的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及油田气井解堵技术领域，特别是涉及一种不动管柱三层解堵的方法，三层解堵为油管内解堵，过油管套管内解堵、近井地带解堵；具体为：在高压气井进口处设置连续油管井控装备，在地面上设置循环工作液除砂***，通过连续油管携带井下工具和传输解堵液体，实现三层解堵。针对油田堵塞的气井提出的，采取连续油管作为解堵工具的携带者，解堵液体的传输者。施工简单、节约成本、井控安全、油层保护、占地面积小且运行安全可靠，可完全满足油田高压气井的解堵作业要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及油田气井解堵技术领域，特别是涉及一种不动管柱三层解堵的方法。
背景技术
在高压、高温的深气井的开发中，随着油田区块开采的深入，原高产井因地层出砂、井筒结垢等，出现生产管柱堵塞、井底沉沙、堵塞筛管、近井带流道不畅，导致油压突降，产量明显降低的情况(如图1所示)。为解决这些问题，目前传统方法是采用大修作业，使用大型深井钻机，配套常规的井下工具，起出原井管柱、冲砂、解除近井地带堵塞，重新补孔、再次下管柱试油试气等程序，又面临作业周期长、工序复杂、费用高昂、油层污染、井控风险高的问题。
发明内容
本发明为了克服上述技术问题的不足，提供了一种不动管柱三层解堵的方法，在密封条件下，完成油管管壁、射孔段套管内及射孔段近井地带的三层解堵技术。该技术旨在解决油管内部、过油管鞋套管内部、筛管及近井地层沉沙、结晶结垢等造成的油压突降、产量下降的问题。
解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：
一种不动管柱三层解堵的方法，所述的三层解堵为油管内解堵，过油管套管内解堵、近井地带解堵；具体为：在高压气井进口处设置连续油管井控装备，在地面上设置循环工作液除砂***，通过连续油管携带井下工具和传输解堵液体，实现三层解堵。
进一步地说，所述的井下工具包括专用工具串、文丘里打捞筒、螺杆钻工具、小直径抽砂泵或特种喷嘴中任意几种的组合工具。
所述的油管内解堵的操作步骤为：连续油管底部带有井下工具，通过地面1050型或1200型泵车循环冲砂液为井下钻具提供动力，同时，通过液体将钻磨后的碎屑携带循环出井，利用地面三级除砂过滤***将堵塞物过滤，保证液体循环使用；所述的井下工具为球头喷嘴、文丘里打捞筒、螺杆钻工具、小直径抽砂泵的组合工具；
所述的过油管套管内解堵的操作步骤为：连续油管底部带有井下工具，通过地面1050型或1200型泵车循环冲砂液为井下钻具提供动力，同时，通过液体将钻磨后的碎屑携带循环出井，利用地面三级除砂过滤***将堵塞物过滤，保证液体循环使用；所述的井下工具为笔尖喷嘴、文丘里打捞筒、小直径抽砂泵的组合工具；
所述的近井地带解堵的操作步骤为：成功冲砂解堵至人工井底后，则改用笔尖喷射工具，正替第一酸液至油管鞋下部套管充满，上提连续油管至油管内，静置0.5-1小时后，启动地面泵车循环冲砂液，下放连续油管至井底循环冲洗>1.5周管柱容积替出第一酸液及井底杂物，再关井正挤第二酸液至设计液量后，按相同程序上提、静置、洗井循环；所述的第一酸液为20％盐酸(质量，下同)、3％高温缓蚀剂、1％铁离子稳定剂、0.3％稠化剂的混合物；所述的第二酸液为20％盐酸、1％氢氟酸、3％高温缓蚀剂、1％铁离子稳定剂、0.3％稠化剂的混合物。所述的高温缓蚀剂是采用重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的HZ-HS-120或HZ-HS-140中任一种，所述的铁离子稳定剂为重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的HZ-YW-N，所述的稠化剂为重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的粉剂HZ-NJ-5X或者重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的乳剂HZ-NJ-5R中任一种。
所述连续油管井控装备包括依次连接的15K双联防喷盒、双备份的15K四闸板防喷器、采油树和双套井下单流阀，所述的15K双联防喷盒上连接有100°鹅颈管、100K注入头，所述的四闸板防喷器的闸板由上至下依次为全封闸板、剪切闸板、卡瓦、半封闸板。(如图3所示)。对于气井井口压力达到60MPa的井，参考API RP 16ST标准，配备105MPa双联防喷盒、两套105MPa四闸板防喷器组(依次为全封、剪切、卡瓦、半封闸板)，双套反向承压70MPa井下单流阀。
所述地面上设置循环工作液除砂***为在常规I类地面流程基础上，在计量罐前增加一套缓冲罐，避免计量罐溢出，使返出液体降低扰动更加平稳地进入计量罐，将一套地面节流管汇台直接进入计量罐流程改至两套节流管汇台之间三通连接，使得分离器流程堵塞后可经过任一套节流管汇直接进入计量罐，避免流程堵塞憋压或影响施工进度的情况，同时任意一套节流管汇出现堵塞的情况，另一套可实现全功能替换。
冲砂罐连接至供液泵供液给作业压裂车(一台备用)，两台压裂车通过旋塞、三通与连续油管泵入端口相连，为施工提供高压冲砂液体入井作业，经连续油管与作业井筒环空返出至地面3组节流管汇(若返出纯液体无气则通过1套节流后直接进入计量罐。另两套一备一用，两套均能实现。若返出大部分为气则可实现点火放喷；若返出为纯液相则通过分离器气液分离，气体进入点火放喷流程，液体进入缓冲罐缓冲后进入地面测试计量罐)，进入计量罐的施工液体循环至振动筛进行再次过滤后，进入冲砂罐形成循环作业。
所述的专用工具串为冲洗工具串或钻磨解堵工具串中的任意一种，所述的冲洗工具串包括直径为54mm的连续油管和直径为54mm的双活瓣式单流阀，所述的连续油管通过直径为54mm的连接头与双活瓣式单流阀的一端连接，双活瓣式单流阀的另一端与直径为54mm的特种喷嘴连接；所述的钻磨解堵工具串包括直径为54mm的连续油管、直径为54mm的马达头总成、直径为54mm的螺杆马达和直径为57mm的平底磨鞋，所述的马达头总成与连续油管通过直径为54mm的连接头连接，所述的马达头总成包括单流阀、液压丢手和***阀，所述的螺杆马达的排量为150～300L/min，扭矩为235～332N.m，工作钻压为400～800kg。
所述的特种喷嘴为球头喷嘴或笔尖喷嘴的任意一种，所述的球头喷嘴的外径为54mm，内通径为36mm，长度为160mm，球头喷嘴的下部斜面部位为三个等距设置的直径为6mm水眼，底部正中位置为一个直径为8mm水眼，冲洗液的流量为200L/min时，总压降为0.4Mpa，冲洗液的流量为300L/min时，总压降为0.8Mpa；所述的笔尖喷嘴的外径为54mm，内通径为36mm，长度为180mm，笔尖喷嘴的下部斜面部位为三个等距设置的直径为10mm的水眼，冲洗液的流量为200L/min时，总压降为0.3Mpa，冲洗液的流量为300L/min时，总压降为0.6Mpa。
所述的冲砂液为在100质量份的盐水基液中加入0.6质量份的速溶稠化剂和0.5质量份的温度稳定剂，所述的盐水基液包括无机盐水溶液和有机盐水溶液，所述的无机盐水溶液包括NaCL、CaCL2、NaNO2、KCL的水溶液中的任意一种或几种，所述的有机盐水溶液包括甲酸钾水溶液或甲酸钠水溶液，各水溶液的浓度为保证冲砂液密度为1.0-1.3g/cm3，粘度为20-50mPa·s为宜。
所述的速溶稠化剂为聚丙烯酰胺或黄原胶中的一种或两种的混合物；温度稳定剂为重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的HZ-GW-160。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明针对油田堵塞的气井提出的，采取连续油管作为解堵工具的携带者，解堵液体的传输者，其工作流程主要包括三部分：油管内解堵，过油管套管内解堵、近井地带解堵。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
1)施工简单，节约成本。目前常规的解堵先压井、起出原井管柱、冲砂、解除近井地带堵塞，下入生产管柱完井，工序复杂。本发明不动原井管柱，只有三步：油管内解堵，过油管套管内、近井地带。常规解堵，使用大型深井钻机，配套常规的井下工具。本发明采用连续油管设备，配套特殊加工的小直径工具。
2)井控安全，可实现全过程密闭作业。该技术施工过程可以实现105Mpa范围内的动密封作业，实现全部施工过程的安全操作。
3)油层保护。本发明实现不压井作业，全过程无压井液，实现储层的保护。
4)本发明能实现轻资产代替重资产作业，有效解决现有技术中存在占地面积大、投资多的问题，同时运行安全可靠，可完全满足油田高压气井的解堵作业要求。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1为现有的油深田气井出现生产管柱堵塞、井底沉沙、堵塞筛管、近井带流道不畅的示意图；
图2为本发明的结构示意图；
图3为连续油管井控装备的结构示意图；
图4为常规I类地面流程示意图；
图5为地面上设置循环工作液除砂***的示意图；
图6为球头喷嘴结构示意图；
图7为笔尖喷嘴结构示意图；
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种不动管柱三层解堵的方法，三层解堵为油管内解堵，过油管套管内解堵、近井地带解堵；具体为：在高压气井进口处设置连续油管井控装备，在地面上设置循环工作液除砂***，通过连续油管携带井下工具和传输解堵液体，实现三层解堵。
井下工具包括专用工具串、文丘里打捞筒、螺杆钻工具、小直径抽砂泵或特种喷嘴中任意几种的组合工具。
油管内解堵的操作步骤为：连续油管底部带有井下工具，通过地面1050型泵车循环冲砂液为井下钻具提供动力，同时，通过液体将钻磨后的碎屑携带循环出井，利用地面三级除砂过滤***将堵塞物过滤，保证液体循环使用；井下工具为球头喷嘴、文丘里打捞筒、螺杆钻工具、小直径抽砂泵的组合工具；
过油管套管内解堵的操作步骤为：连续油管底部带有井下工具，通过地面1050型泵车循环冲砂液为井下钻具提供动力，同时，通过液体将钻磨后的碎屑携带循环出井，利用地面三级除砂过滤***将堵塞物过滤，保证液体循环使用；井下工具为笔尖喷嘴、文丘里打捞筒、小直径抽砂泵的组合工具；
近井地带解堵的操作步骤为：成功冲砂解堵至人工井底后，则改用笔尖喷射工具，正替第一酸液至油管鞋下部套管充满，上提连续油管至油管内，静置0.5-1小时后，启动地面泵车循环冲砂液，下放连续油管至井底循环冲洗>1.5周管柱容积替出第一酸液及井底杂物，再关井正挤第二酸液至设计液量后，按相同程序上提、静置、洗井循环；第一酸液为20％盐酸(质量，下同)、3％高温缓蚀剂、1％铁离子稳定剂、0.3％稠化剂的混合物；第二酸液为20％盐酸、1％氢氟酸、3％高温缓蚀剂、1％铁离子稳定剂、0.3％稠化剂的混合物。高温缓蚀剂是采用重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的HZ-HS-120，铁离子稳定剂为重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的HZ-YW-N，稠化剂为重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的粉剂HZ-NJ-5X。
连续油管井控装备包括依次连接的15K双联防喷盒、双备份的15K四闸板防喷器、采油树和双套井下单流阀，15K双联防喷盒上连接有100°鹅颈管、100K注入头，四闸板防喷器的闸板由上至下依次为全封闸板、剪切闸板、卡瓦、半封闸板。(如图3所示)。对于气井井口压力达到60MPa的井，参考API RP 16ST标准，配备105MPa双联防喷盒、两套105MPa四闸板防喷器组(依次为全封、剪切、卡瓦、半封闸板)，双套反向承压70MPa井下单流阀。
地面上设置循环工作液除砂***为在常规I类地面流程基础上，在计量罐前增加一套缓冲罐，避免计量罐溢出，使返出液体降低扰动更加平稳地进入计量罐，将一套地面节流管汇台直接进入计量罐流程改至两套节流管汇台之间三通连接，使得分离器流程堵塞后可经过任一套节流管汇直接进入计量罐，避免流程堵塞憋压或影响施工进度的情况，同时任意一套节流管汇出现堵塞的情况，另一套可实现全功能替换。
冲砂罐连接至供液泵供液给作业压裂车(一台备用)，两台压裂车通过旋塞、三通与连续油管泵入端口相连，为施工提供高压冲砂液体入井作业，经连续油管与作业井筒环空返出至地面3组节流管汇(若返出纯液体无气则通过1套节流后直接进入计量罐。另两套一备一用，两套均能实现。若返出大部分为气则可实现点火放喷；若返出为纯液相则通过分离器气液分离，气体进入点火放喷流程，液体进入缓冲罐缓冲后进入地面测试计量罐)，进入计量罐的施工液体循环至振动筛进行再次过滤后，进入冲砂罐形成循环作业。
专用工具串为冲洗工具串，冲洗工具串包括直径为54mm的连续油管和直径为54mm的双活瓣式单流阀，连续油管通过直径为54mm的连接头与双活瓣式单流阀的一端连接，双活瓣式单流阀的另一端与直径为54mm的特种喷嘴连接。
特种喷嘴为球头喷嘴，球头喷嘴的外径为54mm，内通径为36mm，长度为160mm，球头喷嘴的下部斜面部位为三个等距设置的直径为6mm水眼，底部正中位置为一个直径为8mm水眼，冲洗液的流量为200L/min时，总压降为0.4Mpa，冲洗液的流量为300L/min时，总压降为0.8Mpa。
冲砂液为在100质量份的盐水基液中加入0.6质量份的速溶稠化剂和0.5质量份的温度稳定剂，盐水基液包括无机盐水溶液和有机盐水溶液，无机盐水溶液为CaCL2的水溶液，有机盐水溶液为甲酸钾水溶液，各水溶液的浓度为保证冲砂液密度为1.0-1.3g/cm3，粘度为20-50mPa·s为宜。
速溶稠化剂为黄原胶；温度稳定剂为重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的HZ-GW-160。根据作业井不同地层压力，如某井深度5000m，地层压力系数1.2，正常地温梯度，地层无盐敏等特殊要求，5″套管井筒内进行施工，则建议采用配置密度1.0-1.14g/cm3的CaCL2水溶液为基液添加0.3～0.5％黄原胶，配置粘度20-40mPa·s液体，进行施工。配置不同密度、粘度的冲砂液体，需要同时考虑地层系数、井内流体密度、岩石敏感性、施工井筒尺寸、携屑难易程度等来选择盐类以及其他添加剂品种与用量。
实施例2：
一种不动管柱三层解堵的方法，三层解堵为油管内解堵，过油管套管内解堵、近井地带解堵；具体为：在高压气井进口处设置连续油管井控装备，在地面上设置循环工作液除砂***，通过连续油管携带井下工具和传输解堵液体，实现三层解堵。
进一步地说，井下工具包括专用工具串、文丘里打捞筒、螺杆钻工具、小直径抽砂泵或特种喷嘴中任意几种的组合工具。
油管内解堵的操作步骤为：连续油管底部带有井下工具，通过地面1200型泵车循环冲砂液为井下钻具提供动力，同时，通过液体将钻磨后的碎屑携带循环出井，利用地面三级除砂过滤***将堵塞物过滤，保证液体循环使用；所述的井下工具为球头喷嘴、文丘里打捞筒、螺杆钻工具、小直径抽砂泵的组合工具；
过油管套管内解堵的操作步骤为：连续油管底部带有井下工具，通过地面1200型泵车循环冲砂液为井下钻具提供动力，同时，通过液体将钻磨后的碎屑携带循环出井，利用地面三级除砂过滤***将堵塞物过滤，保证液体循环使用；所述的井下工具为笔尖喷嘴、文丘里打捞筒、小直径抽砂泵的组合工具；
近井地带解堵的操作步骤为：成功冲砂解堵至人工井底后，则改用笔尖喷射工具，正替第一酸液至油管鞋下部套管充满，上提连续油管至油管内，静置0.5-1小时后，启动地面泵车循环冲砂液，下放连续油管至井底循环冲洗>1.5周管柱容积替出第一酸液及井底杂物，再关井正挤第二酸液至设计液量后，按相同程序上提、静置、洗井循环；第一酸液为20％盐酸(质量，下同)、3％高温缓蚀剂、1％铁离子稳定剂、0.3％稠化剂的混合物；第二酸液为20％盐酸、1％氢氟酸、3％高温缓蚀剂、1％铁离子稳定剂、0.3％稠化剂的混合物。高温缓蚀剂是采用重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的HZ-HS-140，铁离子稳定剂为重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的HZ-YW-N，稠化剂为重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的乳剂HZ-NJ-5R。
连续油管井控装备包括依次连接的15K双联防喷盒、双备份的15K四闸板防喷器、采油树和双套井下单流阀，所述的15K双联防喷盒上连接有100°鹅颈管、100K注入头，所述的四闸板防喷器的闸板由上至下依次为全封闸板、剪切闸板、卡瓦、半封闸板。(如图3所示)。对于气井井口压力达到60MPa的井，参考API RP 16ST标准，配备105MPa双联防喷盒、两套105MPa四闸板防喷器组(依次为全封、剪切、卡瓦、半封闸板)，双套反向承压70MPa井下单流阀。
地面上设置循环工作液除砂***为在常规I类地面流程基础上，在计量罐前增加一套缓冲罐，避免计量罐溢出，使返出液体降低扰动更加平稳地进入计量罐，将一套地面节流管汇台直接进入计量罐流程改至两套节流管汇台之间三通连接，使得分离器流程堵塞后可经过任一套节流管汇直接进入计量罐，避免流程堵塞憋压或影响施工进度的情况，同时任意一套节流管汇出现堵塞的情况，另一套可实现全功能替换。
冲砂罐连接至供液泵供液给作业压裂车(一台备用)，两台压裂车通过旋塞、三通与连续油管泵入端口相连，为施工提供高压冲砂液体入井作业，经连续油管与作业井筒环空返出至地面3组节流管汇(若返出纯液体无气则通过1套节流后直接进入计量罐。另两套一备一用，两套均能实现。若返出大部分为气则可实现点火放喷；若返出为纯液相则通过分离器气液分离，气体进入点火放喷流程，液体进入缓冲罐缓冲后进入地面测试计量罐)，进入计量罐的施工液体循环至振动筛进行再次过滤后，进入冲砂罐形成循环作业。
专用工具串为钻磨解堵工具串，所述的钻磨解堵工具串包括直径为54mm的连续油管、直径为54mm的马达头总成、直径为54mm的螺杆马达和直径为57mm的平底磨鞋，所述的马达头总成与连续油管通过直径为54mm的连接头连接，所述的马达头总成包括单流阀、液压丢手和***阀，所述的螺杆马达的排量为300L/min，扭矩为332N.m，工作钻压为800kg。
特种喷嘴为笔尖喷嘴，笔尖喷嘴的外径为54mm，内通径为36mm，长度为180mm，笔尖喷嘴的下部斜面部位为三个等距设置的直径为10mm的水眼，冲洗液的流量为200L/min时，总压降为0.3Mpa，冲洗液的流量为300L/min时，总压降为0.6Mpa。
冲砂液为在100质量份的盐水基液中加入0.6质量份的速溶稠化剂和0.5质量份的温度稳定剂，盐水基液包括无机盐水溶液和有机盐水溶液，无机盐水溶液为KCL、NaCL和NaNO2的混合水溶液，有机盐水溶液为甲酸钠水溶液，各水溶液的浓度为保证冲砂液密度为1.0-1.3g/cm3，粘度为20-50mPa·s为宜。
速溶稠化剂为聚丙烯酰胺；温度稳定剂为重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的HZ-GW-160。根据作业井不同地层压力，如某井深度6500m，地层压力系数1.4，地温梯度2.3，考虑降低地层污染，7″套管井筒内进行施工，则建议采用配置密度1.20-1.30g/cm3左右有机盐为基液添加0.4～0.6％聚丙烯酰胺，配置粘度30-50mPa·s液体，进行施工。配置不同密度、粘度的冲砂液体，需要同时考虑地层系数、井内流体密度、岩石敏感性、施工井筒尺寸、携屑难易程度等来选择盐类以及其他添加剂品种与用量。
实施例3：
一种不动管柱三层解堵的方法，三层解堵为油管内解堵，过油管套管内解堵、近井地带解堵；具体为：在高压气井进口处设置连续油管井控装备，在地面上设置循环工作液除砂***，通过连续油管携带井下工具和传输解堵液体，实现三层解堵。
进一步地说，井下工具包括专用工具串、文丘里打捞筒、螺杆钻工具、小直径抽砂泵或特种喷嘴中任意几种的组合工具。
油管内解堵的操作步骤为：连续油管底部带有井下工具，通过地面1050型泵车循环冲砂液为井下钻具提供动力，同时，通过液体将钻磨后的碎屑携带循环出井，利用地面三级除砂过滤***将堵塞物过滤，保证液体循环使用；所述的井下工具为球头喷嘴、文丘里打捞筒、螺杆钻工具、小直径抽砂泵的组合工具；
过油管套管内解堵的操作步骤为：连续油管底部带有井下工具，通过地面1050型泵车循环冲砂液为井下钻具提供动力，同时，通过液体将钻磨后的碎屑携带循环出井，利用地面三级除砂过滤***将堵塞物过滤，保证液体循环使用；所述的井下工具为笔尖喷嘴、文丘里打捞筒、小直径抽砂泵的组合工具；
近井地带解堵的操作步骤为：成功冲砂解堵至人工井底后，则改用笔尖喷射工具，正替第一酸液至油管鞋下部套管充满，上提连续油管至油管内，静置0.5-1小时后，启动地面泵车循环冲砂液，下放连续油管至井底循环冲洗>1.5周管柱容积替出第一酸液及井底杂物，再关井正挤第二酸液至设计液量后，按相同程序上提、静置、洗井循环；第一酸液为20％盐酸(质量，下同)、3％高温缓蚀剂、1％铁离子稳定剂、0.3％稠化剂的混合物；第二酸液为20％盐酸、1％氢氟酸、3％高温缓蚀剂、1％铁离子稳定剂、0.3％稠化剂的混合物。高温缓蚀剂是采用重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的HZ-HS-120，铁离子稳定剂为重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的HZ-YW-N，稠化剂为重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的粉剂HZ-NJ-5X。
连续油管井控装备包括依次连接的15K双联防喷盒、双备份的15K四闸板防喷器、采油树和双套井下单流阀，所述的15K双联防喷盒上连接有100°鹅颈管、100K注入头，所述的四闸板防喷器的闸板由上至下依次为全封闸板、剪切闸板、卡瓦、半封闸板。(如图3所示)。对于气井井口压力达到60MPa的井，参考API RP 16ST标准，配备105MPa双联防喷盒、两套105MPa四闸板防喷器组(依次为全封、剪切、卡瓦、半封闸板)，双套反向承压70MPa井下单流阀。
地面上设置循环工作液除砂***为在常规I类地面流程基础上，在计量罐前增加一套缓冲罐，避免计量罐溢出，使返出液体降低扰动更加平稳地进入计量罐，将一套地面节流管汇台直接进入计量罐流程改至两套节流管汇台之间三通连接，使得分离器流程堵塞后可经过任一套节流管汇直接进入计量罐，避免流程堵塞憋压或影响施工进度的情况，同时任意一套节流管汇出现堵塞的情况，另一套可实现全功能替换。
冲砂罐连接至供液泵供液给作业压裂车(一台备用)，两台压裂车通过旋塞、三通与连续油管泵入端口相连，为施工提供高压冲砂液体入井作业，经连续油管与作业井筒环空返出至地面3组节流管汇(若返出纯液体无气则通过1套节流后直接进入计量罐。另两套一备一用，两套均能实现。若返出大部分为气则可实现点火放喷；若返出为纯液相则通过分离器气液分离，气体进入点火放喷流程，液体进入缓冲罐缓冲后进入地面测试计量罐)，进入计量罐的施工液体循环至振动筛进行再次过滤后，进入冲砂罐形成循环作业。
专用工具串为冲洗工具串，冲洗工具串包括直径为54mm的连续油管和直径为54mm的双活瓣式单流阀，连续油管通过直径为54mm的连接头与双活瓣式单流阀的一端连接，双活瓣式单流阀的另一端与直径为54mm的特种喷嘴连接。
特种喷嘴为球头喷嘴，球头喷嘴的外径为54mm，内通径为36mm，长度为160mm，球头喷嘴的下部斜面部位为三个等距设置的直径为6mm水眼，底部正中位置为一个直径为8mm水眼，冲洗液的流量为200L/min时，总压降为0.4Mpa，冲洗液的流量为300L/min时，总压降为0.8Mpa。
冲砂液为在100质量份的盐水基液中加入0.6质量份的速溶稠化剂和0.5质量份的温度稳定剂，盐水基液包括无机盐水溶液和有机盐水溶液，无机盐水溶液为NaCL和CaCL2的混合水溶液，有机盐水溶液为甲酸钾水溶液，各水溶液的浓度为保证冲砂液密度为1.0-1.3g/cm3，粘度为20-50mPa·s为宜。
速溶稠化剂为黄原胶；温度稳定剂为重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的HZ-GW-160。根据作业井不同地层压力，如某井深度6500m，地层压力系数1.4，地温梯度2.3，考虑降低地层污染，7″套管井筒内进行施工，则建议采用配置密度1.20-1.30g/cm3左右有机盐为基液添加0.4～0.6％黄原胶，配置粘度30-50mPa·s液体，进行施工。配置不同密度、粘度的冲砂液体，需要同时考虑地层系数、井内流体密度、岩石敏感性、施工井筒尺寸、携屑难易程度等来选择盐类以及其他添加剂品种与用量。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质上对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化，均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种不动管柱三层解堵的方法，其特征在于，所述的三层解堵为油管内解堵，过油管套管内解堵、近井地带解堵；具体为：在高压气井进口处设置连续油管井控装备，在地面上设置循环工作液除砂***，通过连续油管携带井下工具和传输解堵液体，实现三层解堵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的不动管柱三层解堵的方法，其特征在于，所述的井下工具包括专用工具串、文丘里打捞筒、螺杆钻工具、小直径抽砂泵或特种喷嘴中任意几种的组合工具。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的不动管柱三层解堵的方法，其特征在于，
所述的油管内解堵的操作步骤为：连续油管底部带有井下工具，通过地面1050型或1200型泵车循环冲砂液为井下钻具提供动力，同时，通过液体将钻磨后的碎屑携带循环出井，利用地面三级除砂过滤***将堵塞物过滤，保证液体循环使用；所述的井下工具为球头喷嘴、文丘里打捞筒、螺杆钻工具、小直径抽砂泵的组合工具；
所述的过油管套管内解堵的操作步骤为：连续油管底部带有井下工具，通过地面1050型或1200型泵车循环冲砂液为井下钻具提供动力，同时，通过液体将钻磨后的碎屑携带循环出井，利用地面三级除砂过滤***将堵塞物过滤，保证液体循环使用；所述的井下工具为笔尖喷嘴、文丘里打捞筒、小直径抽砂泵的组合工具；
所述的近井地带解堵的操作步骤为：成功冲砂解堵至人工井底后，则改用笔尖喷射工具，正替第一酸液至油管鞋下部套管充满，上提连续油管至油管内，静置0.5-1小时后，启动地面泵车循环冲砂液，下放连续油管至井底循环冲洗>1.5周管柱容积替出第一酸液及井底杂物，再关井正挤第二酸液至设计液量后，按相同程序上提、静置、洗井循环；所述的第一酸液为20％盐酸(质量，下同)、3％高温缓蚀剂、1％铁离子稳定剂、0.3％稠化剂的混合物；所述的第二酸液为20％盐酸、1％氢氟酸、3％高温缓蚀剂、1％铁离子稳定剂、0.3％稠化剂的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的不动管柱三层解堵的方法，其特征在于，所述连续油管井控装备包括依次连接的15K双联防喷盒、双备份的15K四闸板防喷器、采油树和双套井下单流阀，所述的15K双联防喷盒上连接有100°鹅颈管、100K注入头，所述的四闸板防喷器的闸板由上至下依次为全封闸板、剪切闸板、卡瓦、半封闸板。
5.根据权利要求1所述的不动管柱三层解堵的方法，其特征在于，所述地面上设置循环工作液除砂***为在常规I类地面流程基础上，在计量罐前增加一套缓冲罐，将两套节流管汇台之间三通连接，冲砂罐连接至供液泵供液给作业压裂车，两台压裂车通过旋塞、三通与连续油管泵入端口相连，经连续油管与作业井筒环空返出至地面节流管汇，进入计量罐的施工液体循环至振动筛进行再次过滤后，进入冲砂罐形成循环作业。
6.根据权利要求2所述的不动管柱三层解堵的方法，其特征在于，所述的专用工具串为冲洗工具串或钻磨解堵工具串中的任意一种，所述的冲洗工具串包括直径为54mm的连续油管和直径为54mm的双活瓣式单流阀，所述的连续油管通过直径为54mm的连接头与双活瓣式单流阀的一端连接，双活瓣式单流阀的另一端与直径为54mm的特种喷嘴连接；所述的钻磨解堵工具串包括直径为54mm的连续油管、直径为54mm的马达头总成、直径为54mm的螺杆马达和直径为57mm的平底磨鞋，所述的马达头总成与连续油管通过直径为54mm的连接头连接，所述的马达头总成包括单流阀、液压丢手和***阀，所述的螺杆马达的排量为150～300L/min，扭矩为235～332N.m，工作钻压为400～800kg。
7.根据权利要求2或6所述的不动管柱三层解堵的方法，其特征在于，所述的特种喷嘴为球头喷嘴或笔尖喷嘴的任意一种，所述的球头喷嘴的外径为54mm，内通径为36mm，长度为160mm，球头喷嘴的下部斜面部位为三个等距设置的直径为6mm水眼，底部正中位置为一个直径为8mm水眼，冲洗液的流量为200L/min时，总压降为0.4Mpa，冲洗液的流量为300L/min时，总压降为0.8Mpa；所述的笔尖喷嘴的外径为54mm，内通径为36mm，长度为180mm，笔尖喷嘴的下部斜面部位为三个等距设置的直径为10mm的水眼，冲洗液的流量为200L/min时，总压降为0.3Mpa，冲洗液的流量为300L/min时，总压降为0.6Mpa。
8.根据权利要求1所述的不动管柱三层解堵的方法，其特征在于，所述的冲砂液为在100质量份的盐水基液中加入0.6质量份的速溶稠化剂和0.5质量份的温度稳定剂，所述的盐水基液包括无机盐水溶液和有机盐水溶液，所述的无机盐水溶液包括NaCL、CaCL2、NaNO2、KCL的水溶液中的任意一种或几种，所述的有机盐水溶液包括甲酸钾水溶液或甲酸钠水溶液，各水溶液的浓度为保证冲砂液密度为1.0-1.3g/cm3，粘度为20-50mPa·s为宜。
9.根据权利要求8所述的不动管柱三层解堵的方法，其特征在于，所述的速溶稠化剂为聚丙烯酰胺或黄原胶中的一种或两种的混合物；温度稳定剂为重庆市鸿折石油科技有限公司的HZ-GW-160。
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