CN108977756A - A kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method - Google Patents
A kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108977756A CN108977756A CN201810810721.7A CN201810810721A CN108977756A CN 108977756 A CN108977756 A CN 108977756A CN 201810810721 A CN201810810721 A CN 201810810721A CN 108977756 A CN108977756 A CN 108977756A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- plating
- plated
- painting
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method, specific processing step is as follows: step 1: will need to plate the plasma-coated part of painting and tentatively be cleaned, and carry out rough grinding to its surface；Step 2: the painting part to be plated after step 1 is polished carries out oil removal treatment by degreaser, is successively carrying out decontamination, water flushing, deionized water flushing and dewatered drying processing；Step 3: aluminium oxide, steel, copper, titanium, chromium, tungsten are sent into airflow mill and are ground, and reducing agent is added during the grinding process, is collected after grinding using bagroom, obtains metal powder；Step 4: the metal powder that step 3 is obtained send to plasma to plate and apply in device, and the painting part to be plated placement plating that step 2 is handled well applies on platform, applies device using ion plating and carries out high temperature plating painting to it.Part surface is applied to metal-plated after cooling using silicon dioxide gel and carries out sealing pores, corrosion resistance and antioxidant effect that metal-plated applies part surface can be effectively increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plate painting processing technique field, and in particular to a kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method.
Background technique
After plating applies part plating painting cooling, small hole can be formed because of the reason of expanding with heat and contract with cold, in use, corrosion
Medium can penetrate into matrix by these micropores, cause corrosion to keep the service life of coating significantly lower, be also easy to produce cracking, fall off
Phenomenon reduces the service life that plating applies part.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of plasma-coated surface treatment methods, to solve to mention in above-mentioned background technique
Out plating apply part plating apply it is cooling after, small hole, in use, corrosive medium can be formed because of the reason of expanding with heat and contract with cold
Matrix can be penetrated by these micropores, corrosion be caused to keep the service life of coating significantly lower, be also easy to produce cracking, fall off etc. and show
As reducing the problem of plating applies the service life of part.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method, specifically
Processing step is as follows:
Step 1: it will need to plate the plasma-coated part of painting and tentatively be cleaned, and rough grinding is carried out to its surface.
Step 2: painting part to be plated after step 1 is polished carries out oil removal treatment by degreaser, successively carry out decontamination,
Water rinses, deionized water is rinsed and dewatered drying processing.
Step 3: being sent into aluminium oxide, steel, copper, titanium, chromium, tungsten in airflow mill and grind, and is added during the grinding process also
Former agent, is collected after grinding using bagroom, and metal powder is obtained.
Step 4: the metal powder that step 3 is obtained send to plasma to plate and apply in device, step 2 is handled well to be plated
It applies part to place on plating painting platform, carries out high temperature plating to it using ion plating painting device and apply.
Step 5: acetoacetic ester and ethyl alcohol deionized water are mixed, and the pH that catalyst adjusts solution is added, is made using blender
It is stirred evenly, and obtains silicon dioxide gel.
Step 6: the metal-plated after step 4 plating is applied applies part and immerses in the silicon dioxide gel that step 5 obtains, and places
It is dried in air, then is sent in resistance furnace successively heating and thermal insulation, it is cooling after coming out of the stove, it is cold that metal-plated painting part plating painting can be blocked
But the stomata that rear surface generates.
Further, the grinding depth in the step 1 is 4 μm -6 μm.
Further, the reducing agent in the step 3 is magnesium.
Further, in the step 3 material parts by weight are as follows: aluminium oxide 8-12 parts by weight, steel 15-20 parts by weight, copper
18-25 parts by weight, titanium 12-15 parts by weight, chromium 7-10 parts by weight, tungsten 13-18 parts by weight.
Further, it is 17000 DEG C -21000 DEG C that the plating of the step 4, which applies temperature,.
Further, the miscible ratio of acetoacetic ester, ethyl alcohol and catalyst is classified as in the step 5: 4:3:1.28, and is catalyzed
Agent is hydrochloric acid.
Further, it is 19.5s-21s that metal-plated, which applies part dip time, in the step 6, does -26.5h for 24 hours in air,
Resistance in-furnace temperature is put into be slowly increased to 300 DEG C, and is 1h-1.5h in interior soaking time.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: being handled each metal for micron order gold using airflow mill
Belong to powder, and apply device using ion plating and carry out the painting of superhigh temperature metal-plated, increases plating using polishing out and apply part nano surface grade micropore,
To effectively metal powder and plating why be added to apply the binding force of part, part surface is applied to metal-plated after cooling using silicon dioxide gel
Sealing pores are carried out, corrosion resistance and antioxidant effect that metal-plated applies part surface can be effectively increased, plating is solved and applies cooling
The phenomenon that generating stomata afterwards, increases its durability, using salt fog cabinet as test instrument, anticorrosion effect is compared to untreated ion
The coating corrosion-resistant time improves 45h.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method, specific processing step are as follows:
Step 1: it will need to plate the plasma-coated part of painting and tentatively be cleaned, and rough grinding is carried out to its surface.
Step 2: painting part to be plated after step 1 is polished carries out oil removal treatment by degreaser, successively carry out decontamination,
Water rinses, deionized water is rinsed and dewatered drying processing.
Step 3: being sent into aluminium oxide, steel, copper, titanium, chromium, tungsten in airflow mill and grind, and is added during the grinding process also
Former agent, is collected after grinding using bagroom, and metal powder is obtained.
Step 4: the metal powder that step 3 is obtained send to plasma to plate and apply in device, step 2 is handled well to be plated
It applies part to place on plating painting platform, carries out high temperature plating to it using ion plating painting device and apply.
Step 5: acetoacetic ester and ethyl alcohol deionized water are mixed, and the pH that catalyst adjusts solution is added, is made using blender
It is stirred evenly, and obtains silicon dioxide gel.
Step 6: the metal-plated after step 4 plating is applied applies part and immerses in the silicon dioxide gel that step 5 obtains, and places
It is dried in air, then is sent in resistance furnace successively heating and thermal insulation, it is cooling after coming out of the stove, it is cold that metal-plated painting part plating painting can be blocked
But the stomata that rear surface generates.
Wherein, the grinding depth in the step 1 is 4 μm.
Wherein, the reducing agent in the step 3 is magnesium.
Wherein, in the step 3 material parts by weight are as follows: 8 parts by weight of aluminium oxide, 15 parts by weight of steel, 18 parts by weight of copper,
12 parts by weight of titanium, 7 parts by weight of chromium, 13 parts by weight of tungsten.
Wherein, it is 17000 DEG C that the plating of the step 4, which applies temperature,.
Wherein, the miscible ratio of acetoacetic ester, ethyl alcohol and catalyst is classified as in the step 5: 4:3:1.28, and catalyst is
Hydrochloric acid.
Wherein, it is 19.5s that metal-plated, which applies part dip time, in the step 6, does for 24 hours, is put into resistance furnace warm in air
Degree is 1h in interior soaking time to be slowly increased to 300 DEG C.
Embodiment 2
A kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method, specific processing step are as follows:
Step 1: it will need to plate the plasma-coated part of painting and tentatively be cleaned, and rough grinding is carried out to its surface.
Step 2: painting part to be plated after step 1 is polished carries out oil removal treatment by degreaser, successively carry out decontamination,
Water rinses, deionized water is rinsed and dewatered drying processing.
Step 3: being sent into aluminium oxide, steel, copper, titanium, chromium, tungsten in airflow mill and grind, and is added during the grinding process also
Former agent, is collected after grinding using bagroom, and metal powder is obtained.
Step 4: the metal powder that step 3 is obtained send to plasma to plate and apply in device, step 2 is handled well to be plated
It applies part to place on plating painting platform, carries out high temperature plating to it using ion plating painting device and apply.
Step 5: acetoacetic ester and ethyl alcohol deionized water are mixed, and the pH that catalyst adjusts solution is added, is made using blender
It is stirred evenly, and obtains silicon dioxide gel.
Step 6: the metal-plated after step 4 plating is applied applies part and immerses in the silicon dioxide gel that step 5 obtains, and places
It is dried in air, then is sent in resistance furnace successively heating and thermal insulation, it is cooling after coming out of the stove, it is cold that metal-plated painting part plating painting can be blocked
But the stomata that rear surface generates.
Wherein, the grinding depth in the step 1 is 5 μm.
Wherein, the reducing agent in the step 3 is magnesium.
Wherein, in the step 3 material parts by weight are as follows: 10 parts by weight of aluminium oxide, 17.5 parts by weight of steel, 21.5 weight of copper
Measure part, 13.5 parts by weight of titanium, 8.5 parts by weight of chromium, 15.5 parts by weight of tungsten.
Wherein, it is 19000 DEG C that the plating of the step 4, which applies temperature,.
Wherein, the miscible ratio of acetoacetic ester, ethyl alcohol and catalyst is classified as in the step 5: 4:3:1.28, and catalyst is
Hydrochloric acid.
Wherein, it is 20.25s that metal-plated, which applies part dip time, in the step 6, does 25.75h in air, is put into resistance furnace
Interior temperature is 1.25h in interior soaking time to be slowly increased to 300 DEG C.
Embodiment 3
A kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method, specific processing step are as follows:
Step 1: it will need to plate the plasma-coated part of painting and tentatively be cleaned, and rough grinding is carried out to its surface.
Step 2: painting part to be plated after step 1 is polished carries out oil removal treatment by degreaser, successively carry out decontamination,
Water rinses, deionized water is rinsed and dewatered drying processing.
Step 3: being sent into aluminium oxide, steel, copper, titanium, chromium, tungsten in airflow mill and grind, and is added during the grinding process also
Former agent, is collected after grinding using bagroom, and metal powder is obtained.
Step 4: the metal powder that step 3 is obtained send to plasma to plate and apply in device, step 2 is handled well to be plated
It applies part to place on plating painting platform, carries out high temperature plating to it using ion plating painting device and apply.
Step 5: acetoacetic ester and ethyl alcohol deionized water are mixed, and the pH that catalyst adjusts solution is added, is made using blender
It is stirred evenly, and obtains silicon dioxide gel.
Step 6: the metal-plated after step 4 plating is applied applies part and immerses in the silicon dioxide gel that step 5 obtains, and places
It is dried in air, then is sent in resistance furnace successively heating and thermal insulation, it is cooling after coming out of the stove, it is cold that metal-plated painting part plating painting can be blocked
But the stomata that rear surface generates.
Wherein, the grinding depth in the step 1 is 6 μm.
Wherein, the reducing agent in the step 3 is magnesium.
Wherein, in the step 3 material parts by weight are as follows: 12 parts by weight of aluminium oxide, 20 parts by weight of steel, 25 parts by weight of copper,
15 parts by weight of titanium, 10 parts by weight of chromium, 18 parts by weight of tungsten.
Wherein, it is 21000 DEG C that the plating of the step 4, which applies temperature,.
Wherein, the miscible ratio of acetoacetic ester, ethyl alcohol and catalyst is classified as in the step 5: 4:3:1.28, and catalyst is
Hydrochloric acid.
Wherein, it is 21s that metal-plated, which applies part dip time, in the step 6, does 26.5h in air, is put into resistance furnace warm
Degree is 1.5h in interior soaking time to be slowly increased to 300 DEG C.
The working principle of the invention: each metal handle as micro-sized metal powder using airflow mill, and utilizes ion
Plating applies device progress superhigh temperature metal-plated painting, using going out to polish to increase plating painting part nano surface grade micropore, to effectively why add metal
Powder and plating apply the binding force of part, apply part surface to metal-plated after cooling using silicon dioxide gel and carry out sealing pores, can
Corrosion resistance and antioxidant effect that metal-plated applies part surface are effectively increased, solves to generate showing for stomata after plating applies cooling
As increasing its durability, using salt fog cabinet as test instrument, anticorrosion effect is compared to the untreated ionic coating corrosion-resistant time
45h is improved, corrosion resistance promotes 60%, and compression strength promotes 190%, and impact flexibility promotes 1.5J/cm-2.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method, specific processing step are as follows:
Step 1: it will need to plate the plasma-coated part of painting and tentatively be cleaned, and rough grinding is carried out to its surface.
Step 2: the painting part to be plated after step 1 is polished carries out oil removal treatment by degreaser, is successively carrying out decontamination, Shui Chong
It washes, deionized water is rinsed and dewatered drying processing.
Step 3: aluminium oxide, steel, copper, titanium, chromium, tungsten are sent into airflow mill and are ground, and reduction is added during the grinding process
Agent is collected after grinding using bagroom, and metal powder is obtained.
Step 4: the metal powder that step 3 is obtained, which is sent, plates the painting part to be plated for applying in device, step 2 being handled well to plasma
It places plating to apply on platform, carries out high temperature plating to it using ion plating painting device and apply.
Step 5: acetoacetic ester and ethyl alcohol deionized water are mixed, and the pH that catalyst adjusts solution is added, stirs it using blender
It mixes uniformly, obtains silicon dioxide gel.
Step 6: the metal-plated after step 4 plating is applied applies part and immerses in the silicon dioxide gel that step 5 obtains, and places air
In dry, then be sent in resistance furnace successively heating and thermal insulation, it is cooling after coming out of the stove, can block metal-plated apply part plating apply it is cooling after
The stomata that surface generates.
2. a kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step 1
Grinding depth is 4 μm -6 μm.
3. a kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step 3
Reducing agent is magnesium.
4. a kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: material in the step 3
The parts by weight of material are as follows: aluminium oxide 8-12 parts by weight, steel 15-20 parts by weight, copper 18-25 parts by weight, titanium 12-15 parts by weight, chromium 7-
10 parts by weight, tungsten 13-18 parts by weight.
5. a kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the plating of the step 4
Applying temperature is 17000 DEG C -21000 DEG C.
6. a kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: sour in the step 5
The miscible ratio of ethyl ester, ethyl alcohol and catalyst is classified as: 4:3:1.28, and catalyst is hydrochloric acid.
7. a kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: golden in the step 6
Belonging to plating to apply part dip time is 19.5s-21s, does -26.5h for 24 hours in air, being put into resistance in-furnace temperature is to be slowly increased to 300
DEG C, and be 1h-1.5h in interior soaking time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810810721.7A CN108977756A (en) | 2018-07-23 | 2018-07-23 | A kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810810721.7A CN108977756A (en) | 2018-07-23 | 2018-07-23 | A kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108977756A true CN108977756A (en) | 2018-12-11 |
Family
ID=64550660
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810810721.7A Withdrawn CN108977756A (en) | 2018-07-23 | 2018-07-23 | A kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108977756A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110965010A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-07 | 江西南方锅炉股份有限公司 | Inner wall plating process of garbage power generation boiler |
| CN115261769A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-11-01 | 山东汉思非晶材料科技有限公司 | Composite coating for protecting water wall pipe of boiler and preparation method thereof |
-
2018
- 2018-07-23 CN CN201810810721.7A patent/CN108977756A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110965010A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-07 | 江西南方锅炉股份有限公司 | Inner wall plating process of garbage power generation boiler |
| CN110965010B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-09-14 | 江西南方锅炉股份有限公司 | Inner wall plating process of garbage power generation boiler |
| CN115261769A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-11-01 | 山东汉思非晶材料科技有限公司 | Composite coating for protecting water wall pipe of boiler and preparation method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107299340B (en) | A kind of surface treatment method of steel | |
| CN108977756A (en) | A kind of plasma-coated surface treatment method | |
| CN113249726A (en) | Method for preparing micron-sized spherical super-hydrophobic composite coating on surface of magnesium alloy | |
| CN104419889A (en) | Pore-sealing method for thermal spray coating by virtue of nanometer aluminum oxide and application of method | |
| CN103498139B (en) | A kind of method improving neodymium iron boron magnetic body antiseptic property | |
| CN110328130A (en) | Type metal expansion joint inner surface ETFE electrostatic powder coating process | |
| CN103469286B (en) | A kind of metal surface Organic-inorganic composite coating and preparation technology thereof | |
| CN111793421A (en) | Environment-friendly chromium-free insulating coating liquid for surface treatment of oriented silicon steel and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN105714294B (en) | A kind of preparation method of titanium-base alloy resistance to high temperature oxidation composite coating | |
| CN110144510A (en) | A kind of tungsten carbide-chromium carbide-nickel molybdenum composite powder, coating and preparation method thereof | |
| RU2543580C1 (en) | Method of obtaining protective coatings on magnesium alloys | |
| CN106086996A (en) | A kind of reparation has been got rusty the composite surface treatment method of passivation for stainless steel state | |
| CN109207985A (en) | A kind of preparation method of Mg alloy surface high-entropy alloy film layer | |
| CN101691649A (en) | Titanizing and aluminizing agents for sponge titanium reactor and method | |
| CN111304664A (en) | Steel structure rust removal method | |
| CN102776540B (en) | A kind of magnesium alloy surface treatment process | |
| CN111197169A (en) | Anti-corrosion machining process for steel structure | |
| CN103938254A (en) | Preparation method of connecting corrosion-resisting micro-arc oxidation layer on surface of magnesium alloy | |
| CN106205927A (en) | A kind of preparation method of the rare-earth iron-boron based sintered magnet of matrix and coating high-bond | |
| CN104018108A (en) | Steel surface modification treatment method for ocean platform | |
| CN103924189A (en) | Screw-thread steel thermal diffusion treatment method and screw-thread steel | |
| CN105086558A (en) | Anti-corrosion coating for power grid overhead conductor | |
| CN115198260A (en) | Method for improving corrosion resistance of neodymium iron boron magnet | |
| CN109652754B (en) | Preparation method of magnesium alloy surface anticorrosive coating | |
| CN102828147B (en) | Method for processing co-crystallizing boriding through rare earth catalyzed carburizing and high-temperature salt bath |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20181211 |