CN108963391B - Metal-air battery - Google Patents
Metal-air battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN108963391B CN108963391B CN201810810031.1A CN201810810031A CN108963391B CN 108963391 B CN108963391 B CN 108963391B CN 201810810031 A CN201810810031 A CN 201810810031A CN 108963391 B CN108963391 B CN 108963391B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal-air battery, comprising: the device comprises an air electrode, a metal electrode, electrolyte, a shell, an electric control exhaust valve, a controller, an air pump, an air storage cylinder, an air pressure control valve, a temperature sensor, a liquid conductivity sensor, a liquid switch valve and a water replenishing device. The invention adopts an aluminum alloy as a full-sealing structure of the shell, realizes constant internal air pressure through the air pump and the air pressure control valve, and discharges the separated hydrogen through the electric control exhaust valve; the concentration of the electrolyte is determined by measuring the temperature and the conductivity of the electrolyte, and is kept constant by a replaceable automatic water adding device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of renewable energy sources, in particular to a metal-air battery.
Background
The pure electric vehicle is driven by the battery carried by the pure electric vehicle, so that the pollution to the driving environment can be reduced, the emission of carbon dioxide and various polluted gases can be reduced by adopting the pure electric vehicle along with the popularization of various clean energy power generation technologies, and the pure electric vehicle is particularly significant for relieving air pollution and improving the living environment in metropolis with more people and vehicles. The non-polymer lithium ion battery adopted by the electric automobile at present has low energy density, low driving mileage of the automobile and high energy density, and the polymer lithium ion battery has high cost and has spontaneous combustion possibility at high temperature and under sunshine. The energy density is high, and the metal-air battery which is safe to use is expected to become a promising scheme of a power battery. The metal-air battery uses active metal as an anode and oxygen in the air as a cathode, and generates electric energy through the reaction of a primary battery. The metal-air battery releases energy by utilizing chemical energy stored by active metal through metal oxidation, and does not need to be charged by a power grid. The negative electrode material of the battery is replaced, and the battery can be regenerated. The conventional metal-air battery is an open system, so that oxygen in the atmosphere can conveniently enter the battery system, pure water can be conveniently added, and the concentration of electrolyte is guaranteed to be unchanged. However, the temperature range of the use environment of the vehicle power battery is wide (-30-50 ℃), the vehicle power battery is often under the working conditions of frequent vibration and severe impact, the external atmospheric pressure has obvious difference due to different regional altitudes, and the external atmospheric pressure is low, so that the oxygen partial pressure is reduced, the chemical reaction speed is influenced, and the rated power of the metal-air battery is reduced. For the change of temperature, the heat dissipation and heat preservation scheme of a mature power lithium ion battery can be applied, and for the working conditions of vehicle vibration, impact, climbing or even rollover after an accident, obvious change of air pressure and the like, the existing metal air battery does not well solve the problems, and in addition, the loss of electrolyte also needs to develop the scheme of automatic addition, thereby facilitating the popularization of the metal air battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a metal-air battery which can be used in an electric vehicle, is anti-splash, and can maintain the internal air pressure and the concentration of an electrolyte to be constant.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a metal-air cell comprising: the air electrode, the metal electrode, the electrolyte, the shell, the electric control exhaust valve, the controller, the air pump, the air storage cylinder and the air pressure control valve;
the casing and the air electrode form a sealing structure, the electrolyte and the metal electrode are arranged in the sealing structure, the electrolyte is respectively contacted with the air electrode and the metal electrode, the electric control exhaust valve is arranged on the upper part of the casing and is communicated with the inside of the metal-air battery, an inlet of the air cylinder is connected with the air pump, an outlet of the air cylinder is connected with the casing and is communicated with the inside of the metal-air battery, the air pressure control valve is arranged at the outlet of the air cylinder, and the controller is respectively connected with the electric control exhaust valve and the air pressure control valve.
Optionally, the metal-air battery further includes: the device comprises a temperature sensor, a liquid conductivity sensor, a liquid switch valve and a water replenishing device;
the temperature sensor and the liquid conductivity sensor are arranged in the electrolyte, one end of the liquid switch valve is connected with the water replenishing device, the other end of the liquid switch valve is connected with the shell and communicated with the interior of the metal-air battery, and the temperature sensor, the liquid conductivity sensor and the liquid switch valve are respectively connected with the controller.
Optionally, the temperature sensor is a thermocouple.
Optionally, the water replenishing device is a replaceable automatic water replenishing device.
Optionally, the lining of the shell is made of an anticorrosive material.
Optionally, the metal electrode is a high-purity active metal, and the electrolyte has a neutral ph value.
Optionally, the housing and the air electrode are sealed by a rubber static seal, and the housing and the metal electrode are sealed by a rubber static seal.
Optionally, the metal is electrically conductiveThe polar metal is high Al, mg and/or Zn, and the electrolyte is Mg (ClO) 4 ) 2, and (3) solution.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a metal-air battery, which adopts a full-sealing structure with aluminum alloy as a shell, realizes constant internal air pressure through an air pump and an air pressure control valve, and discharges separated hydrogen through an electric control exhaust valve; the concentration of the electrolyte is determined by measuring the temperature and the conductivity of the electrolyte, and the concentration of the electrolyte is kept constant by a replaceable automatic water adding device.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a structural connection diagram of a metal-air battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows Mg (ClO) 4 ) 2 A relation curve of the molar concentration M and the solution conductivity sigma;
FIG. 3 shows 2.442 mol. L -1 Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 The solution conductivity σ and the temperature t.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to enable the metal-air battery to be used on a pure electric vehicle, sealing measures are adopted to prevent electrolyte from splashing in the driving process of the vehicle. The shell of the battery is also made of aluminum-plastic materials, and is changed into firmer aluminum alloy materials, so that some inherent defects of the metal-air battery are overcome to a certain extent, but no better solution is provided for the change of the external atmospheric pressure at present. Therefore, the conventional power air battery cannot support the vehicle to run in the oxygen-deficient environment in the plateau. On the other hand, the reaction of the air battery inevitably consumes water, and therefore, it is impossible to achieve maintenance-free operation as in the case of the lithium ion battery. At present, water is added into the air battery manually according to a scale, and the operation is complex. And because the frequency of manual addition is lower, the concentration fluctuation of the electrolyte is larger, and the healthy operation of the metal-air battery is not facilitated. Although a catalyst is used, the problem of hydrogen evolution of metal air batteries cannot be completely solved. Therefore, how to release the generated hydrogen in a closed condition is also an important issue.
The invention aims to provide a metal-air battery which can be used on an electric automobile, is anti-splash, and can maintain the internal air pressure and the concentration of an electrolyte to be constant.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Fig. 1 is a structural connection diagram of a metal-air battery according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the metal-air battery including: the device comprises an air electrode 1, a metal electrode 2, electrolyte 3, a temperature sensor 4, a liquid conductivity sensor 5, a shell 6, an electric control exhaust valve 7, a liquid switch valve 8, a water replenishing device 9, a controller 10, an air pump 11, an air storage cylinder 12 and an air pressure control valve 13.
The case 6 and the air electrode 1 constitute a sealed structure in which the electrolyte 3 and the metal electrode 2 are disposed, the electrolyte 3 being in contact with the air electrode 1 and the metal electrode 2, respectively. The shell 6 is made of aluminum alloy, and the lining of the shell 6 is made of anticorrosive material. The metal electrode 2 adopts high-purity active metal which can be Al, mg and/or Zn. The electrolyte 3 is required to be neutral and have good conductivity, and Mg (ClO) is adopted 4 ) 2 ，Mg 2+ Large charge, small diameter, fast movement speed, clO 4 Small volume. Housing 6 and electricityReliable rubber 17 static sealing is adopted between the poles, so that the air tightness is ensured, the liquid can not be splashed, and the air pressure in the metal air battery can be maintained to be stable.
The electric control exhaust valve 7 is arranged on the upper portion of the shell 6 and communicated with the inside of the metal-air battery, the inlet of the air storage cylinder 12 is connected with the air pump 11, the outlet of the air storage cylinder 12 is connected with the shell 6 and communicated with the inside of the metal-air battery, the air pressure control valve 13 is arranged at the outlet of the air storage cylinder 12, and the controller 10 is respectively connected with the electric control exhaust valve 7 and the air pressure control valve 13. The specific working principle is as follows: according to the data of the air pressure sensor in the air pressure control valve 13, when the value is smaller than the required value, the controller 10 opens the air pressure control valve 13, high-pressure air enters the metal-air battery from the air storage cylinder 12, and simultaneously, the electric control exhaust valve 7 is opened to release hydrogen generated by side reaction (exhaust the hydrogen by air), so that the safety of the metal-air battery is ensured. When the pressure in the air reservoir 12 is lower than a set value, the air pump 11 is started to charge high-pressure air into the air reservoir 12 until a rated pressure is reached. The air reservoir 12 serves to prevent the air pump 11 from being frequently started, and to maintain the normal pressure of the battery at all times.
Wherein, the temperature sensor 4 adopts a thermocouple type, has high precision and good stability, and can adopt an equivalent charge circuit (to be transmitted) subsequentlyThe sensor is regarded as a charge source), so that the wiring is convenient, and the subsequent controller circuit is simplified (the length of the lead does not influence the sensitivity of the sensor). Liquid conductivity sensor 5 can measure Mg (ClO) 4 ) 2 Conductivity of the solution. The concentration of the electrolyte can be accurately known through the temperature and the conductivity. The reason why the liquid level meter is not used is that the liquid level meter is deviated due to vibration of the vehicle itself. The water replenishing device 9 is a replaceable automatic water replenishing device,
method for calculating the concentration of a solution from the conductivity and temperature characteristics:
mg (ClO) was measured at different molar concentrations M at room temperature (t =30 ℃) 4 ) 2 The conductivity of the solution and the measured data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Mg (ClO 4) 2 solution molar concentration vs. conductivity relationship
Measurement of Mg (ClO) at given molar concentrations at different temperatures 4 ) 2 The relationship between the solution conductivity sigma and the temperature t is shown in the invention, and only 2.442 mol.L is shown in the invention -1 Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 Data for the solution. FIG. 2 is Mg (ClO) 4 ) 2 A relation curve of the molar concentration M and the solution conductivity sigma; FIG. 3 shows 2.442 mol. L -1 Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 The solution conductivity σ and the temperature t.
Mg (ClO) of given molar concentration 4 ) 2 The curve relating the conductivity σ of the solution to the temperature t is generated as a two-dimensional table which is fed to the controller 10, and when the temperature and conductivity of the electrolyte are measured, the Mg (ClO) in this case is obtained 4 ) 2 Concentration of solution due to Mg (ClO) in solution 4 ) 2 The total amount is not changed, the concentration is obtained, the volume of water can be calculated, and the amount of the added pure water is further determined.
Aiming at the defect that the traditional metal-air battery cannot fully meet the use requirement of an electric vehicle, the invention innovatively designs a novel metal-air battery, adopts a full-sealing structure taking high-strength aluminum alloy lined with an anticorrosive material as a shell, realizes constant internal air pressure through an air pump and a control valve, measures the concentration of electrolyte by measuring the temperature and the conductivity of the electrolyte, and keeps the concentration of the electrolyte constant through a replaceable automatic water adding device. The reliability requirements of the vehicle-mounted power battery on insulation safety, collision safety, shock resistance, water resistance, dust resistance, electromagnetic compatibility and the like can be met, and the metal air battery has a good promotion effect on popularization of the metal air battery on the electric vehicle.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A metal-air battery for use in an electric vehicle, the metal-air battery comprising: the device comprises an air electrode, a metal electrode, electrolyte, a shell, an electric control exhaust valve, a controller, an air pump, an air storage cylinder, an air pressure control valve, a liquid switch valve, a water replenishing device, a temperature sensor and a liquid conductivity sensor;
wherein the shell and the air electrode form a sealed structure, the electrolyte and the metal electrode are arranged in the sealed structure, the electrolyte is respectively contacted with the air electrode and the metal electrode, the electric control exhaust valve is arranged at the upper part of the shell and is communicated with the interior of the metal-air battery, the inlet of the air cylinder is connected with the air pump, the outlet of the air cylinder is connected with the shell and is communicated with the interior of the metal-air battery, the air pressure control valve is arranged at the outlet of the air cylinder, and the controller is respectively connected with the electric control exhaust valve and the air pressure control valve; the controller opens the air pressure control valve according to the data of an air pressure sensor in the air pressure control valve when the value is smaller than a required value, high-pressure gas enters the metal-air battery from the gas storage cylinder, and meanwhile, the electric control exhaust valve is opened to release hydrogen generated by side reaction, so that the safety of the metal-air battery is ensured;
the shell and the air electrode adopt rubber static seal, and the shell and the metal electrode adopt rubber static seal;
one end of the liquid switch valve is connected with the water replenishing device, the other end of the liquid switch valve is connected with the shell and communicated with the interior of the metal-air battery, and the liquid switch valve is connected with the controller;
the temperature sensor and the liquid conductivity sensor are arranged in the electrolyte and are respectively connected with the controller;
mg (ClO) of given molar concentration 4 ) 2 The curve relating the conductivity sigma of the solution to the temperature t is generated as a two-dimensional table and is fed to the controller, where the temperature and conductivity of the electrolyte are measured, and the Mg (ClO) in that case is obtained 4 ) 2 Concentration of solution due to Mg (ClO) in solution 4 ) 2 The total amount is not changed, the concentration is obtained, the volume of the water can be calculated, and the amount of the added pure water is further determined.
2. The metal-air cell according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is a thermocouple.
3. The metal-air battery of claim 1, wherein the water replenisher is a replaceable automatic water refill device.
4. The metal-air battery of claim 1, wherein the inner liner of the case is a corrosion resistant material.
5. The metal-air battery of claim 1, wherein the metal electrode is a high purity active metal and the electrolyte has a neutral ph.
6. The metal-air cell of claim 5, wherein the metal of the metal electrode is Al, mg and/or Zn or an alloy thereof, and the electrolyte is Mg (ClO) 4 ) 2 And (3) solution.
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| CN201810810031.1A CN108963391B (en) | 2018-07-23 | 2018-07-23 | Metal-air battery |
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| CN201810810031.1A CN108963391B (en) | 2018-07-23 | 2018-07-23 | Metal-air battery |
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| CN108963391B true CN108963391B (en) | 2022-12-23 |
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| CN110071307B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2021-01-01 | 北京理工大学 | Metal-air battery system and vehicle |
| CN113933724A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-01-14 | 军事科学院***工程研究院军事新能源技术研究所 | Test system for safety of metal-air battery |
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| CN107453010A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-12-08 | 北京机械设备研究所 | A kind of metal-air battery |
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| US6558825B1 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2003-05-06 | Reveo, Inc. | Fuel containment and recycling system |
| JP4967890B2 (en) * | 2007-05-01 | 2012-07-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Air battery system |
| CN201160110Y (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2008-12-03 | 吴勉之 | Vehicle mounted controllable pure oxygen battery |
| CN102104183B (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2013-03-27 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Automatic oxygen supply control device for underwater metal-oxygen battery system |
| CN202352802U (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-07-25 | 北京中航长力能源科技有限公司 | Oxygen supply device for dry discharged zinc air battery pack |
| CN104518260A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-15 | 西安福安创意咨询有限责任公司 | Metal-air battery provided with electrolyte concentration detector |
| JP2016071990A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-05-09 | 三鷹光器株式会社 | Emergency metal air battery structure |
| EP3235053B1 (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2019-09-18 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Metal/air battery with gas separations unit and load-leveling oxygen storage system |
| JP6286073B2 (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2018-02-28 | 旭化成メディカル株式会社 | Treatment liquid preparation device and blood treatment system |
| CN106602180A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-04-26 | 华中科技大学 | Lead-air battery |
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