CN108951964B - Assembled building composite external wall panel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Assembled building composite external wall panel and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108951964B
CN108951964B CN201811040952.0A CN201811040952A CN108951964B CN 108951964 B CN108951964 B CN 108951964B CN 201811040952 A CN201811040952 A CN 201811040952A CN 108951964 B CN108951964 B CN 108951964B
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China
Prior art keywords
concrete
layer
foaming
external wall
wall panel
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CN201811040952.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN108951964A (en
Inventor
回丽丽
叶武平
赵宪策
王增
何立强
彭立刚
任永旺
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Cabr Building Materials Co ltd
Dayuan Construction Group Co ltd
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Cabr Building Materials Co ltd
Dayuan Construction Group Co ltd
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Priority to CN201811040952.0A priority Critical patent/CN108951964B/en
Publication of CN108951964A publication Critical patent/CN108951964A/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7401Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using panels without a frame or supporting posts, with or without upper or lower edge locating rails
    • E04B2/7403Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using panels without a frame or supporting posts, with or without upper or lower edge locating rails with special measures for sound or thermal insulation including fire protection
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04Portland cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06Aluminous cements
    • C04B28/065Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40Porous or lightweight materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/52Sound-insulating materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/244Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an assembled building composite external wall board and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite external wall board is of a sandwich structure, an outer layer is made of foam concrete, an intermediate layer is made of insulation boards, the intermediate layer insulation boards are fully covered by the outer layer foam concrete, a layer of mesh cloth is respectively arranged in the foam concrete layer 5mm away from the upper surface and the lower surface of the outer layer foam concrete, and a layer of steel wire mesh is respectively arranged in the foam concrete layer 15mm away from the upper surface and the lower surface of the outer layer foam concrete. The assembled building composite external wall panel has stronger structure, higher strength and better cracking resistance effect, smaller density and fully utilizes waste resources.

Description

Assembled building composite external wall panel and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a building material, in particular to a building composite external wall panel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the technology of the main body structure of the assembled building is relatively mature, but the parts and the technology for the building envelope are relatively lagged, the material of the plate for the maintenance structure of the assembled building is lacking, and the material for the building envelope is an important ring in the development process of the assembled building at present. The external wall panel for the assembled building maintenance structure meets the requirements of light weight, sound insulation, water resistance, fire resistance and the like, but the type of the external wall panel is single at present.
Meanwhile, the building materials in China are developing towards environment protection and saving type resource comprehensive utilization type, and the development of novel building materials by fully utilizing waste resources is a great development direction. Compared with aerated concrete, the foamed concrete has the advantages of natural curing and hardening, no autoclaved energy consumption and huge equipment investment, simple production and small investment, can be used for producing various products in factories, can be used for site construction, and can be directly cast into roofs, floors and walls in a cast-in-place mode, and the variety of the foamed concrete products is many. The existing boards are less in the use of foamed concrete for making light boards, mainly because most manufacturers for making foamed concrete concentrate on the field of heat insulation boards at present, and have lower strength; in addition, the existing autoclaved aerated concrete slab is complex in production process, high in energy consumption, large in shrinkage and low in waterproof capability, and an autoclaved mode is needed; the solid wastes such as the waste slag powder, the tailing sand and the like of the stirring station are low in comprehensive utilization added value and single in application mode.
The existing board adopts the foaming concrete to make the light board less, mainly because most of manufacturers who make the foaming concrete concentrate in the field of heated board at present, intensity is lower, in addition, can satisfy the condition of intensity, the density is not optimistic, in addition, some products that can satisfy the performance requirement, production technology is complicated, need to adopt the autoclaved mode, the power consumption is high.
Therefore, the problem of blank market of the board for the assembled building maintenance structure is needed to be solved, and a partition board with high-quality performances such as light weight, heat preservation, sound insulation, fire resistance and the like is provided; the method fully utilizes the solid waste of the waste slag powder and the tailing sand of the mixing plant, protects the environment, utilizes the resources, improves the performance of the foaming concrete, achieves light weight and high strength, meets the balance problem of the strength and the density of the plate for maintaining the structure, and simultaneously ensures that the production mode of the product is simple and energy-saving.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical problems and provide a building composite external wall panel and a preparation method thereof.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The composite external wall panel is characterized in that the composite external wall panel is of a sandwich structure, the outer layer is made of foam concrete, the middle layer is made of insulation board, the insulation board of the middle layer is fully covered by the outer layer foam concrete, a layer of mesh cloth is respectively arranged inside the foam concrete layer 5mm away from the upper surface and the lower surface of the outer layer foam concrete, and a layer of steel wire mesh is respectively arranged inside the foam concrete layer 15mm away from the upper surface and the lower surface of the outer layer foam concrete.
Further, the composite external wall panel according to the present invention is characterized in that the distance between the heat insulation plate and the outer surface of the end portion of the outer layer foamed concrete in the width direction of the external wall panel is 10-20cm.
Further, the composite external wall panel is characterized in that the mesh opening of the mesh cloth is 5mm-
10mm。
Further, the composite external wall panel is characterized in that the diameter of the steel wires in the steel wire mesh sheet is 2mm-4mm.
Further, the composite external wall panel is characterized in that n grooves are formed in one surface of the upper surface and the lower surface of the heat insulation board, n+1 grooves are formed in the other surface of the heat insulation board, n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and the grooves are uniformly distributed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the heat insulation board.
Further, the composite external wall panel according to the above-mentioned claim is characterized in that, on the upper and lower surfaces of the insulation board, one surface has 1 groove, which is located in the middle of the lower surface of the insulation board, and the other surface has 2 grooves, which are located in symmetrical positions based on both sides of the groove on the upper surface, and preferably, the distance between the 2 grooves and the end of the insulation board is 10cm.
Further, the composite external wall panel is characterized in that the depth of the groove is 1-2cm.
Further, according to the composite external wall panel, the composite external wall panel is characterized in that two end faces in the length direction are provided with a protruding structure penetrating through the whole length direction on the first end face, a groove structure penetrating through the whole length direction on the second end face, and the protruding and the groove can be matched with each other in a mortise and tenon mode.
Further, the composite external wall panel according to claim, wherein the external layer foamed concrete comprises: 40-50% of Portland cement, 20-30% of waste resource admixture, 18-27% of water, a water reducing agent, a water repellent, a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer, wherein the foam concrete is prepared by mixing and stirring raw materials, and the waste resource admixture is a combination of any two or more selected from fly ash, waste slag powder of a stirring station and tailing sand.
Further, the invention also provides a preparation method for preparing the composite external wall panel, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing foaming concrete, wherein the foaming concrete comprises the following steps: 40-50% of Portland cement, 20-30% of waste resource admixture, 18-27% of water, a water reducing agent, a water repellent, a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer, wherein the waste resource admixture is a combination of any two or more than two selected from fly ash, waste slag powder of a stirring station and tailing sand;
step 2, installing a die, and fixing the mesh cloth, the steel wire mesh sheet and the heat-insulating plate according to a preset position;
step 3, pouring the foaming concrete into a mould, and removing the mould after 12-24 hours;
and 4, curing after removing the die, wherein a natural curing mode or a mode of steam curing and natural curing can be adopted.
Further, the invention also provides another preparation method for preparing the composite external wall panel, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing foaming concrete, wherein the foaming concrete comprises the following steps: 40-50% of Portland cement, 20-30% of waste resource admixture, 18-27% of water, a water reducing agent, a water repellent, a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer, wherein the waste resource admixture is a combination of any two or more than two selected from fly ash, waste slag powder of a stirring station and tailing sand;
step 2, installing a die, and fixing the mesh cloth, the steel wire mesh sheet and the heat-insulating plate according to a preset position;
step 3, pouring layer by layer, namely pouring 5mm of the foaming concrete, paving a layer of grid cloth, continuously pouring 10mm of the foaming concrete, paving a layer of steel wire mesh, continuously pouring the foaming concrete to the position where the central heat insulation board is to be placed, placing the central heat insulation board, continuously pouring the foaming concrete to the position 15mm away from the surface of the die, paving a layer of steel wire mesh, continuously pouring 10mm of the foaming concrete, paving a layer of grid cloth, and pouring the foaming concrete to the position where the die is to be filled;
and 4, curing after removing the die, wherein a natural curing mode or a mode of steam curing and natural curing can be adopted.
For the foamed concrete, the waste residue of the stirring station refers to waste materials produced by a concrete stirring station, and solid waste materials left after solid-liquid separation mainly comprise non-hydrated cement particles, admixture particles and partially hydrated and completely hydrated cement particles. The waste slag powder of the stirring station is obtained by drying and grinding waste slag of the stirring station. The tailing sand refers to waste discharged after ore is ground and useful components are selected by a concentrating mill under specific economic and technical conditions, such as copper tailings, iron tailings and the like. Wherein the water reducer is any water reducer known to a person skilled in the art, such as lignin sulfonate water reducer, naphthalene sulfonate water reducer, melamine water reducer and the like; the water repellent is any water repellent known to those skilled in the art, such as paraffin, metal complex salts, silicone resins, fatty acid derivatives, and the like; the foam stabilizer is any foam stabilizer known to the person skilled in the art, such as macromolecular foam stabilizers of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol and the like, silicone polyether emulsion foam stabilizers, nonionic surfactants of alkyl alcohol amide and the like; the foaming agent is any foaming agent for foaming concrete known to those skilled in the art, such as rosin resin type foaming agent, synthetic surfactant type foaming agent, protein type foaming agent, etc.
Further, the foamed concrete is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50% of Portland cement, 20-30% of waste resource admixture, 0.07-0.59% of water reducer, 0.05-0.17% of water repellent, 1.71-2.52% of foaming agent, 0.2-0.56% of foam stabilizer and 18-27% of water, wherein the foaming concrete is prepared by mixing and stirring raw materials, and the waste resource admixture is a combination of any two or more selected from fly ash, waste slag powder of a stirring station and tailing sand
Further, according to the foamed concrete, the waste resource admixture preferably includes a mixing plant waste slag powder and tailings sand. The mixing station waste slag powder and the tailing sand can be mixed in any proportion, and the mass ratio of the mixing station waste slag powder to the tailing sand is preferably 11:6.
Further, according to the foamed concrete, the waste resource admixture preferably includes fly ash, mixing station waste slag powder and tailing sand. Wherein, the fly ash, the waste slag powder of the stirring station and the tailing sand can be mixed in any proportion, and the mass ratio of the fly ash to the waste slag powder of the stirring station is preferably more than 70 percent.
Further, according to the foaming concrete, the foaming concrete raw material further comprises 5-5.9% of quick hardening sulphoaluminate cement in weight ratio.
Further, the foamed concrete according to the present invention, wherein the waste residue powder of the stirring station is used as a raw material after being dried and ground.
Further, the foamed concrete according to claim, wherein the tailing sand is subjected to sieving treatment, and the particle size is controlled to be 2mm or less. The tailings may be iron tailings, copper tailings, lead zinc tailings or the like, preferably iron tailings. The particle size of the tailings is controlled by sieving the tailings, preferably the tailings are sieved through a 1.18mm sieve, i.e. the particle size of the tailings is controlled below 1.18 mm.
Further, the foaming concrete according to the present invention, wherein the foaming agent preferably comprises tea saponin having a purity of 60 to 90% and at least one selected from sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfonate; the foam stabilizer is preferably calcium stearate. The tea saponin and at least one selected from sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or sodium dodecyl sulfonate can be mixed in any proportion, compared with the foaming concrete prepared by adopting other foaming agents, the foaming concrete prepared by adopting the foaming agent has better performance such as compressive strength, dry density and the like, the mass ratio of the tea saponin to the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is 3:1, and the foaming concrete prepared by adopting the foaming agent in the proportion has the best performance.
The invention also provides a preparation method for preparing the foaming concrete, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding a main material of a foaming concrete raw material into a stirrer according to a dosage for premixing, stirring for about 30-60s, and uniformly mixing to form a main material mixture, wherein the main material of the raw material comprises Portland cement and a waste resource admixture, and further comprises quick hardening sulphoaluminate cement;
step 2, premixing the water reducer, the water repellent and water according to dosage, and stirring for about 1min to uniformly mix to form a liquid mixture;
step 3, adding the liquid agent mixture prepared in the step 2 into the main material mixture prepared in the step 1, and stirring in a stirrer to obtain cement paste;
step 4, diluting the foaming agent weighed according to the dosage to obtain foaming agent diluent, adding a foam stabilizer, and then putting the foaming agent diluent into a foaming machine to foam to obtain foam liquid;
and 5, adding the foam liquid prepared in the step 4 into the cement paste prepared in the step 3, continuously stirring for 1.5-2.5min in a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the final foamed concrete paste.
Further, according to the method for producing a foamed concrete, wherein the density of the foam is controlled to 40-55g/L in step 4. Specifically, the density of the foam can be controlled by the liquid passing speed of the foaming machine.
Compared with the existing foaming concrete, the foaming concrete fully utilizes waste resources such as fly ash, waste slag powder of a stirring station and tailing sand, has higher strength and lower density, and is suitable for being used in an assembled building wallboard.
The composite external wall panel has better strength and structural performance by adopting the structure, and has high-quality performances such as light weight, heat preservation, sound insulation, fire resistance, high strength and the like by adopting the foaming concrete; the production mode is simple and energy-saving, and fully utilizes the waste slag powder and the tailing sand solid waste of the stirring station, protects the environment and utilizes the resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite exterior wall panel structure according to an embodiment of the present invention along a width direction;
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of the preparation of a composite exterior wallboard in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of the preparation of a composite exterior wallboard in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a flow chart of the preparation of a composite external wall panel including a foamed concrete preparation step according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein reference numerals in fig. 1 represent respectively:
1-foaming concrete layer, 2-heat insulation board, 3-grid cloth, 4-steel wire net piece, 5-groove and 6-foaming concrete layer end face.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention and not all embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited by the example embodiments described herein. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty, based on the embodiments described herein, shall fall within the scope of protection of the invention. In the present specification and the drawings, substantially the same elements and functions will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and repetitive description of these elements and functions will be omitted. In addition, descriptions of functions and constructions well known in the art may be omitted for clarity and conciseness.
Referring to fig. 1, a composite external wall panel according to an embodiment of the present invention has a sandwich-like structure, wherein an outer layer is a foamed concrete layer 1, an intermediate layer is a heat insulation board 2, the outer layer foamed concrete completely encloses the upper surface, the lower surface and the side surfaces of the intermediate layer heat insulation board, a layer of mesh cloth 3 is respectively disposed inside the foamed concrete layer 5mm away from the upper surface and the lower surface of the outer layer foamed concrete, and a layer of steel wire mesh 4 is respectively disposed inside the foamed concrete layer 15mm away from the upper surface and the lower surface of the outer layer foamed concrete. The specification of the insulation board can be set according to the standards of GB/T10801.1, GB/T10801.2, GB/T11835 and the like, and the specification of the outer layer foamed concrete can be set according to the standard of the JG/T266 standard, wherein the density grade is A07, and the strength grade is C5. And the distance between the heat insulation board and the end face 6 of the outer foamed concrete layer is 10-20cm in the width direction of the external wall board. The mesh opening of the mesh cloth is 5mm-10mm, so that the crack on the surface of the plate can be effectively prevented. The diameter of the steel wires in the steel wire net sheet is 2mm-
4mm, can effectively prevent the crack from occurring on the surface of the plate and provide higher strength. The lower surface of the heat insulation plate is provided with 1 groove 5, and the groove is positioned in the middle of the lower surface of the heat insulation plate; the upper surface of the heat insulation board is provided with 2 grooves 5 which are positioned at symmetrical positions based on two sides of the grooves on the upper surface, the distance between the grooves and the end part of the heat insulation board is 10cm, the depths of the grooves are 1-2cm, the grooves are arranged to increase the mechanical biting force of the heat insulation board and foam concrete, the integrity is enhanced, and the bending resistance bearing capacity is improved. The composite external wall panel is characterized in that two end faces in the length direction are arranged on the first end face, a protruding structure penetrating through the whole length direction is arranged on the first end face, a groove structure penetrating through the whole length direction is arranged on the second end face, and the protruding and the groove can be matched with each other in a mortise-tenon mode. Wherein, outer layer foaming concrete includes: 40-50% of Portland cement, 20-30% of waste resource admixture, 18-27% of water, a water reducing agent, a water repellent, a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer, wherein the foam concrete is prepared by mixing and stirring raw materials, and the waste resource admixture is a combined foam concrete of any two or more selected from fly ash, waste slag powder of a stirring station and tailing sand. The foamed concrete comprehensively utilizes solid waste, solves the problem of environmental pollution treatment, can meet the requirements of strength and density conditions, and ensures the performance of products.
Referring to fig. 2, the preparation method of the composite external wall panel according to an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
step 1, preparing foaming concrete, wherein the foaming concrete comprises the following steps: 40-50% of Portland cement, 20-30% of waste resource admixture, 18-27% of water, a water reducing agent, a water repellent, a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer, wherein the waste resource admixture is a combination of any two or more than two selected from fly ash, waste slag powder of a stirring station and tailing sand;
step 2, installing a die, and fixing the grid cloth, the high steel wire mesh sheet and the heat insulation board according to a preset position, wherein the die is manufactured according to a design scheme, and the inner space of the die enables the composite inner wallboard formed by pouring to have the external structure; fixing the heat-insulating plate at the center of the die, and fixing the position of the heat-insulating plate by penetrating a plastic anchor bolt into the side surface of the die; respectively fixing the grid cloth at a distance of 5mm from the upper surface and the lower surface of the inside of the die, and adhering a certain number of plastic small gaskets with a thickness of 5mm and a length and width of 10mm on the grid cloth for position fixing; respectively fixing the steel wire meshes at 15mm away from the upper surface and the lower surface of the inside of the die, and pasting a certain number of plastic small gaskets with the thickness of 5mm and the length and width of 10mm on the steel wire meshes for position fixing;
step 3, pouring the prepared foaming concrete into a mould, and removing the mould after 12-24 hours;
and 4, curing, namely adopting a natural curing mode and a rapid steam curing mode according to requirements, wherein the natural curing mode is as follows: putting the disassembled test piece into natural environment, laminating and curing for 28 days, wherein the rapid steam curing mode is as follows: and (3) placing the disassembled test piece into a steam environment with the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for curing for more than 12 hours.
Referring to fig. 3, another specific preparation method for preparing the composite external wall panel of the present invention includes:
step 1, preparing foaming concrete, wherein the foaming concrete comprises the following steps: 40-50% of Portland cement, 20-30% of waste resource admixture, 18-27% of water, a water reducing agent, a water repellent, a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer, wherein the waste resource admixture is a combination of any two or more than two selected from fly ash, waste slag powder of a stirring station and tailing sand;
step 2, installing a die;
step 3, pouring layer by layer, namely pouring 5mm of the foaming concrete, paving a layer of grid cloth, continuously pouring 10mm of the foaming concrete, paving a layer of steel wire mesh, continuously pouring the foaming concrete to the position where the central heat insulation board is to be placed, placing the central heat insulation board, continuously pouring the foaming concrete to the position 15mm away from the surface of the die, paving a layer of steel wire mesh, continuously pouring 10mm of the foaming concrete, paving a layer of grid cloth, and pouring the foaming concrete to the position where the die is to be filled;
and 4, curing after removing the die.
Referring to fig. 4, the method for preparing a composite external wall panel according to an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the preparation steps described above with reference to fig. 2, where the step of preparing the foamed concrete includes:
step 1, adding a main material of a foaming concrete raw material into a stirrer according to a dosage for premixing, stirring for about 30-60s, and uniformly mixing to form a main material mixture, wherein the main material of the raw material comprises Portland cement and a waste resource admixture, and further comprises quick hardening sulphoaluminate cement;
step 2, premixing the water reducer, the water repellent and water according to dosage, and stirring for about 1min to uniformly mix to form a liquid mixture;
step 3, adding the liquid agent mixture prepared in the step 2 into the main material mixture prepared in the step 1, and stirring in a stirrer to obtain cement paste;
step 4, diluting the foaming agent weighed according to the dosage to obtain foaming agent diluent, adding a foam stabilizer, and then putting the foaming agent diluent into a foaming machine to foam to obtain foam liquid;
and 5, adding the foam liquid prepared in the step 4 into the cement paste prepared in the step 3, continuously stirring for 1.5-2.5min in a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the final foamed concrete paste.
Further, according to the method for producing a foamed concrete, wherein the density of the foam is controlled to 40-55g/L in step 4. Specifically, the density of the foam can be controlled by the liquid passing speed of the foaming machine.
The invention adopts the foaming concrete to manufacture the composite external wall panel, and tests the compressive strength, the surface density and the impact resistance of the composite external wall panel. The method for detecting the compressive strength comprises the following steps: the experiment was performed using a pressure tester according to the method in JGJ 169-2016. The surface density was measured by the method described in JGJ 169-2016, and the sample was dried in a dry box to a constant weight. The impact resistance was tested by the method described in JGJ 169-2016 by impacting the panel with 30kg sand bags. .
Table 1 shows a raw material proportion table of a part of samples of the foamed concrete according to the present invention, wherein each raw material is expressed in terms of mass percent. Table 2 lists the results of property tests corresponding to composite exterior wall panels using the foamed concretes listed in table 1. The data show that the composite external wall panel has smaller surface density and stronger shock resistance compared with the external wall panel with the existing solid structure.
Table 1 foaming concrete raw material proportion table (unit: mass percent)
Table 2 composite exterior wallboard property test data of the present invention
Numbering device Compressive strength MPa Areal Density (100 mm thick) kg/m 3 Impact resistance/secondary
W1 5.8 39 ≥10
W2 6.3 41 ≥10
W3 5.1 38 ≥10
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any modifications, improvements, substitutions, and the like, which may occur to those skilled in the art, fall within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The composite external wall panel is characterized in that the composite external wall panel is of a sandwich structure, an outer layer is made of foam concrete, an intermediate layer is made of insulation board, the intermediate layer insulation board is fully covered by the outer layer foam concrete, a layer of mesh cloth is respectively arranged in the foam concrete layer 5mm away from the upper surface and the lower surface of the outer layer foam concrete, and a layer of steel wire mesh is respectively arranged in the foam concrete layer 15mm away from the upper surface and the lower surface of the outer layer foam concrete; the outer layer foaming concrete comprises: 40-50% of Portland cement, 20-30% of waste resource admixture, 18-27% of water, 0.07-0.59% of water reducer, 0.05-0.17% of water repellent, 1.71-2.52% of foaming agent and 0.2-0.56% of foam stabilizer, wherein the foaming concrete is prepared by mixing and stirring raw materials; the foaming agent comprises tea saponin with the purity of 60-90% and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, wherein the mass ratio of the tea saponin to the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is 3:1; the foam stabilizer is calcium stearate; the waste resource admixture comprises fly ash, waste slag powder of a stirring station and tailing sand, wherein the ratio of the fly ash to the waste slag powder of the stirring station is more than 70%; the foaming concrete raw material also comprises 5 to 5.9 weight percent of quick hardening sulphoaluminate cement; the tailing sand is screened, and the grain diameter is controlled below 2 mm.
2. The composite external wall panel according to claim 1, wherein the insulation board is spaced from the outer surface of the end portion of the outer layer of foamed concrete by a distance of 10 to 20cm in the width direction of the external wall panel.
3. The composite side fascia according to claim 1, wherein the mesh of the scrim is 5mm-10mm.
4. The composite side fascia according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the wires in the wire mesh sheet is 2mm-4mm.
5. The composite external wall panel according to claim 1, wherein n grooves are formed in one of the upper and lower surfaces of the insulation board, n+1 grooves are formed in the other surface, n is a natural number equal to or greater than 1, and the grooves are uniformly distributed on the upper and lower surfaces of the insulation board.
6. The composite external wall panel according to claim 5, wherein one of the upper and lower surfaces of the insulation board has 1 groove at the middle position of the lower surface of the insulation board, and the other surface has 2 grooves at positions symmetrical based on both sides of the upper surface.
7. The composite side fascia according to claim 5 or 6, wherein said groove depth is 1-2cm.
8. A method for preparing the composite exterior wallboard according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising:
step 1, preparing foaming concrete, wherein the foaming concrete comprises the following steps: 40-50% of Portland cement, 20-30% of waste resource admixture, 18-27% of water, and water reducer, water repellent, foaming agent and foam stabilizer;
step 2, installing a die, and fixing the mesh cloth, the steel wire mesh sheet and the heat-insulating plate according to a preset position;
step 3, pouring the foaming concrete into a mould;
and 4, curing after removing the die.
9. A method for preparing the composite exterior wallboard according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising:
step 1, preparing foaming concrete, wherein the foaming concrete comprises the following steps: 40-50% of Portland cement, 20-30% of waste resource admixture, 18-27% of water, and water reducer, water repellent, foaming agent and foam stabilizer;
step 2, installing a die;
step 3, pouring layer by layer, namely pouring 5mm of the foaming concrete, paving a layer of grid cloth, continuously pouring 10mm of the foaming concrete, paving a layer of steel wire mesh, continuously pouring the foaming concrete to the position where the central heat insulation board is to be placed, placing the central heat insulation board, continuously pouring the foaming concrete to the position 15mm away from the surface of the die, paving a layer of steel wire mesh, continuously pouring 10mm of the foaming concrete, paving a layer of grid cloth, and pouring the foaming concrete to the position where the die is to be filled;
and 4, curing after removing the die.
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