CN108931262A - It is a kind of for monitoring the optical fiber sensing system of structural safety - Google Patents
It is a kind of for monitoring the optical fiber sensing system of structural safety Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/268—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
- G01J2009/0249—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods with modulation
- G01J2009/0253—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods with modulation of wavelength
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Abstract
Disclose a kind of for monitoring the optical fiber sensing system of structural safety, the system comprises light source, optoisolator, optical fiber circulator, multiple fibre optical sensors, temperature sensor, (FBG) demodulator and signal processors.Optical signal is sent to fibre optical sensor by optical fiber after optoisolator and optical fiber circulator by light source, the optical signal for meeting predetermined wavelength reflect to form reflected light reverse transfer to (FBG) demodulator by fibre optical sensor, the reflected light is carried out demodulation and is converted to dependent variable by (FBG) demodulator, and is sent signal processor to and carried out storage and subsequent data analysis.The optical fiber sensing system structure of the disclosure is simple, strong antijamming capability, long term monitoring and real-time early warning can be carried out to building structure, and then reduce security risk.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of optical fiber sensing, and in particular to a kind of for monitoring the Fibre Optical Sensor of structural safety
System.
Background technique
Optical fiber sensing technology starts from 1977, develops rapidly with the development of Fibre Optical Communication Technology.Optical fiber is
A kind of excellent low loss line, optical fiber have many advantages, such as electromagnetism interference, anti-radiation, corrosion-resistant, measurement range is wide, are suitble to
Inflammable, explosive, space be strictly limited and the adverse circumstances such as strong electromagnetic under use.Optical fiber sensing technology includes modulation skill
Art and demodulation techniques, i.e. outer signals (measured) how the modulation technique (or loading technique) of the light wave parameter in modulation optical fiber
And the demodulation techniques (or detection technique) of outer signals (measured) how are extracted from the light wave modulated.Optical fiber sensing technology
In such a way that dissemination of the light in the region is modified or controlled in the light sensitive characteristic of fiber optic materials, under the action of strain, optical fiber
The fibre core effective refractive index of grating and period change, so that the central wavelength of reflectance spectrum be made to move, pass through demodulation
The measurement to temperature or dependent variable is realized in conversion.Optical fiber measurement means are powered without scene, intrinsic safety, not by electromagnetic interference,
Can under the adverse circumstances such as high humidity, high pressure continuous work, compare and be appropriate for long-range and long-term measurement.
Currently, generalling use conventional electronic sensor in terms of the safety monitoring of building structure and being monitored.Although electronics
Sensor has many advantages, such as precision height, fast response time, but when electronic sensor is monitored, the requirement to transmission cable compared with
It is high, number is larger, so have significant limitation in terms of long-term real-time monitoring, and be not suitable for strong electromagnetic, high pressure,
The adverse circumstances such as moist, corrosion.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the disclosure provide it is a kind of for monitoring the optical fiber sensing system of structural safety, can be to building
Structure carries out long term monitoring and real-time early warning, and then reduces the security risk of building structure.
The disclosure provides a kind of optical fiber sensing system for monitoring structural safety, including：
Light source, for emitting optical signal；
Optoisolator is connect with light source；
The first end of optical fiber circulator, the optical fiber circulator is connect with optoisolator, for coupling the optical signal
Into optical fiber；
Multiple fibre optical sensors, are connected by optical fiber, one end of the optical fiber and the second of the optical fiber circulator
End connection, for receiving the optical signal and reverse transfer reflected light；
Temperature sensor, it is in parallel with the multiple fibre optical sensor, for measuring the ambient temperature value of monitoring point；
(FBG) demodulator is connect, for receiving the reflected light and environment with the third end of the optical fiber circulator by optical fiber
Temperature value, and the reflected light is converted into dependent variable；
Signal processor is connect with the (FBG) demodulator, is configured as receiving the dependent variable and not shared the same light based on the received
The dependent variable of fiber sensor generates corresponding strain tendency chart；
Wherein, the (FBG) demodulator is configured as that the reflected light is converted to dependent variable according to the following formula：
Wherein, Δ λBFor the wavelength shift of reflected light；λBFor the wavelength of reflected light；PeFor valid round light constant；α is light
Fine thermal expansion coefficient；ξ is the thermo-optical coeffecient of fiber grating；Δ T is temperature variation；ε is dependent variable.
Preferably, the (FBG) demodulator includes optical singnal processing unit, photosignal detection unit and signal demodulation unit.
Preferably, the signal processor is additionally configured to send the report that collapses when the dependent variable is more than strain threshold
Alert signal.
Preferably, the signal processor is additionally configured to send fire when the ambient temperature value is more than temperature threshold
Calamity alarm signal.
Preferably, the fibre optical sensor includes：
Shell；
Flexible sheet, the flexible sheet are fixed in the shell；
Grating is fixedly connected with the flexible sheet, for reflecting the optical signal for meeting predetermined wavelength.
Preferably, the flexible sheet with a thickness of 0.05mm-0.2mm.
Preferably, the material of the flexible sheet is elastic metallic.
Preferably, the signal processor is configured as being obtained according to the transmission time of the reflected light of different fibre optical sensors
The position of different fibre optical sensors.
Preferably, the light source is narrow linewidth laser.
Preferably, multiple fibre optical sensors include：
Fiber-optic grating sensor is laid in the crack area of building structure and/or the surface of building structure；
Fiber grating accelerometer is laid in the surface of inclination building structure.
The disclosure provides a kind of for monitoring the optical fiber sensing system of structural safety, and the system comprises light sources, light
Isolator, optical fiber circulator, multiple fibre optical sensors, temperature sensor, (FBG) demodulator and signal processor.Light is believed by light source
Number fibre optical sensor is sent to by optical fiber after optoisolator and optical fiber circulator, fibre optical sensor will meet predetermined wavelength
Optical signal reflect to form reflected light reverse transfer to (FBG) demodulator, the reflected light is carried out demodulation and is converted to answer by (FBG) demodulator
Variable, and send signal processor to and carry out storage and subsequent data analysis.The optical fiber sensing system structure of the disclosure is simple, anti-
Interference performance is strong, long term monitoring and real-time early warning can be carried out to building structure, and then reduce security risk.
Detailed description of the invention
By referring to the drawings to the description of the embodiment of the present invention, the above and other purposes of the present invention, feature and
Advantage will be apparent from, in the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the optical fiber sensing system of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is transmission direction schematic diagram of the optical signal of the embodiment of the present invention in optical fiber circulator；
Fig. 3 is layout diagram of the fibre optical sensor of the embodiment of the present invention in building structure；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the fiber grating accelerometer of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the wave length shift schematic diagram of the reflected light of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below based on embodiment, present invention is described, but the present invention is not restricted to these embodiments.Under
Text is detailed to describe some specific detail sections in datail description of the invention.Do not have for a person skilled in the art
The present invention can also be understood completely in the description of these detail sections.In order to avoid obscuring essence of the invention, well known method, mistake
There is no narrations in detail for journey, process, element and circuit.
In addition, it should be understood by one skilled in the art that provided herein attached drawing be provided to explanation purpose, and
What attached drawing was not necessarily drawn to scale.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, "include", "comprise" otherwise throughout the specification and claims etc. are similar
Word should be construed as the meaning for including rather than exclusive or exhaustive meaning；That is, be " including but not limited to " contains
Justice.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " first ", " second " etc. are used for description purposes only, without
It can be interpreted as indication or suggestion relative importance.In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of " multiple "
It is two or more.
Unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms such as term " installation ", " connected ", " connection ", " fixation " should be done extensively
Reason and good sense solution may be a detachable connection for example, it may be being fixedly connected, or integral；It can be mechanical connection, it can also be with
It is electrical connection；Can be directly connected, can also indirectly connected through an intermediary, can be connection inside two elements or
The interaction relationship of two elements, unless otherwise restricted clearly.For the ordinary skill in the art, Ke Yigen
The concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the present invention is understood according to concrete condition.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the optical fiber sensing system of the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, optical fiber sensing system packet
Include light source 1, optoisolator 2, optical fiber circulator 3, fibre optical sensor 4, temperature sensor 5, (FBG) demodulator 6 and signal processor 7.
Light source 1 connects optoisolator 2, and optoisolator 2 connects the first end D1 of optical fiber circulator 3, and the second end D2 of optical fiber circulator 3 connects
Fibre optical sensor 4 is connect, the third end D3 connection (FBG) demodulator 6 of optical fiber circulator 3, (FBG) demodulator 6 is connect with signal processor 7.Wherein,
Multiple fibre optical sensors 4 are connected.Light source 1 is transmitted to multiple light by optoisolator 2, optical fiber circulator 3 for generating optical signal
In fiber sensor 4, multiple fibre optical sensors 4 strain the reflected light reverse transfer for generating optical signal according to position, then
It is transmitted to (FBG) demodulator 6 by optical fiber circulator 3, is demodulated, reflected light is demodulated into dependent variable, is then sent to dependent variable
It is stored and is analyzed in signal processor 7.
Light source 1 is for generating continuous optical signal.Light source 1 can be coherent source and incoherent light source.Incoherent light source
Including white flag light source and light emitting diode；Coherent source includes various lasers, helium neon gas laser road, solid state laser etc..
Light source 1 in the present embodiment is narrow linewidth laser, has that line width ultra-narrow, frequency is adjustable, coherence length overlength and noise
Low advantage can provide quality preferable optical signal for the fibre optical sensor 4 of the present embodiment.
Optoisolator 2 is the Passive Optical Components for only Unidirectional light being allowed to pass through, i.e. optoisolator 2 allows optical signal to a side
To by preventing to pass through round about, the transmission direction of optical signal can be limited, make optical signal can only one direction
Transmission can be isolated well by optoisolator 2 by the light of optical fiber echo reflection, thus improve the efficiency of transmission of optical signal.
Optical fiber circulator 3 is a multiport device, and wherein the transmission of optical signal can only go in ring along one direction, and opposite direction is
Isolation.Such as shown in Fig. 2, the optical signal entered from the first end D1 of optical fiber circulator 3 is only transmitted to second end D2, into the
The optical signal of two end D2 is only transmitted in the D3 of third end.In this way, only transmitted with fixed direction, and will not inversely transmit
Mode.In the present embodiment, the first end D1 of optical fiber circulator 3 is used to receive the optical signal of the transmitting of light source 1, and second end D2 is used for
The optical signal is sent to the reflected light of 4 reverse transfer of fibre optical sensor 4 and reception optical fiber sensor, third by optical fiber
End D3 will be for that will reflect light output.
Multiple fibre optical sensors 4 are connected by optical fiber 8, and one end of optical fiber 8 and the second end D2 of optical fiber circulator 3 connect
It connects.Fibre optical sensor 4 includes fiber-optic grating sensor and fiber grating accelerometer.Fibre optical sensor 4 includes shell 41, elasticity
Diaphragm 42 and grating 43.Fibre optical sensor 4 is fixed in building structure in a manner of stickup, welding, encapsulation etc. by shell 41.Its
In, flexible sheet 42 is fixed in the shell 41, and grating 43 is fixedly connected with flexible sheet 42, as shown in Figure 4.The elasticity
The material of diaphragm 42 can be elastic metallic.Such as invar, beryllium-bronze etc..The flexible sheet with a thickness of 0.05mm-
0.2mm。
Grating 43 is the optical device being made of a large amount of wide equidistant parallel slits.General common grating is in glass
Glass on piece carves a large amount of parallel scores and is made, and indentation is lightproof part, and the smooth part between two indentations can be with light transmission, quite
In a slit.When light passes through grating, part light is transmitted by smooth part, and part light is reflected by indentation.Work as elasticity
When diaphragm 42 is by external force, drive grating 43 that corresponding deformation occurs, the variations in refractive index periods lambda of grating can also be sent out accordingly
The wavelength of changing, reflected light drifts about.According to formula (1)：
λB=2neffΛ (1)
Wherein, λBFor the wavelength of reflected light, neffFor the effective refractive index of fibre core, the variations in refractive index period of Λ grating.By
Formula (1) it is found that reflected light central wavelength lambdaBWith the variations in refractive index periods lambda of grating and the effective refractive index n of fibre coreeffAt
Proportional relation.
The both ends of fiber-optic grating sensor can be laid in the two sides of the crack area of building structure, as shown in Figure 3；When splitting
When seam continues to increase, the wavelength of the power that the both ends of fiber-optic grating sensor are stretched, the reflected light of optical grating reflection generates drift,
And then the strain and stress value for obtaining crack area can be calculated.Meanwhile fiber-optic grating sensor can also be laid in building knot
The surface of structure, as shown in Figure 3；When deformation occurs for building structure, the wavelength of reflected light drifts about, and then can calculate acquisition
Dependent variable and stress condition.Fiber grating accelerometer can be laid in the surface of building structure to realize building structure gradient
Monitoring, as shown in Figure 3.In fiber grating accelerometer, elastic sheet 42 could alternatively be mass block.In the shell 41 also
It is provided with cantilever beam 44, mass block is fixed on the lower end of cantilever beam, and grating 43 is pasted on cantilever beam 44 close to the upside of fixing end,
As shown in Figure 4.If building structure continues to tilt, the size of inertia force suffered by the mass block in fiber grating accelerometer is F
=ma.Due to the effect of inertia force, wall of hanging oneself from a beam will bend, and drive the elongation of grating 43 or compression, and the wavelength of reflected light generates
Drift.As a result, by the drift value size of the wavelength of detection reflected light, acceleration can be obtained.Then according to the change of acceleration
Change the variation for extrapolating building gradient.
In the present embodiment, it is additionally provided with temperature sensor 5, for compensating environment temperature when acquisition reflected light, thus
Influence of the variation of ambient temperature to strain, the stress and deformation feelings of accurate measurements to 4 position of fibre optical sensor can be eliminated
Condition.In the present embodiment, temperature sensor 5 is in parallel with multiple concatenated fibre optical sensors 4.Temperature sensor 5 can use general
Logical electronic temperature sensor is laid near fibre optical sensor 4, for the ring near real-time monitoring fibre optical sensor 4
Border temperature.In another implementation, temperature sensor 5 can use fiber grating temperature sensor, with multiple Fibre Optical Sensors
Device 4 is connected, and the end of multiple concatenated fibre optical sensors 4 is set to.Fibre optical sensor 4 in the present embodiment can also be embedded into
In building structure, for monitoring the safety of building structure.
(FBG) demodulator 6 is connect by optical fiber with the third end D3 of optical fiber circulator 3, is passed for receiving the fibre optical sensor 4
The ambient temperature value of defeated reflected light and temperature sensor measurement, and the reflected light is converted into dependent variable.(FBG) demodulator 6 can be with
Interior is set to be monitored.(FBG) demodulator 6 includes optical singnal processing unit 61, photosignal detection unit 62 and signal demodulation
Unit 63.Photosignal detection unit 62 is used to the processing such as receive reflected light, and reflected light is filtered, is amplified, and then will
The reflected light detected is sent to optical singnal processing unit 61.Optical singnal processing unit 61 is used for will treated reflected light
Generate corresponding spectrum, then be initially at the not spectrum by the reflected light measured under the influence of any external force and environment temperature
It is compared, obtains the drift value of wavelength.Signal demodulation unit 63 obtains wavelength shift according to measurement and calculates acquisition dependent variable.
Specifically, when optical signal passes through grating, a monochromatic light, the central wavelength lambda of reflected light are returned by optical grating reflectionBWith grating
Variations in refractive index periods lambda and fibre core effective refractive index neffIt is related.If the strained temperature with surrounding of grating changes
When, then the variations in refractive index periods lambda and effective refractive index n of gratingeffIt will change, the wavelength of optical grating reflection light is caused to occur
Drift, the wave length shift schematic diagram of reflected light, as shown in Figure 5.By the wavelength X for monitoring reflected lightBSituation of change, can obtain
Obtain the strain of grating and the variation of temperature at measuring point.Wavelength shift Δ λBIt is as follows with the relationship of strain and temperature：
Wherein, Δ λBFor the wavelength shift of reflected light；λBFor the wavelength of reflected light；PeFor valid round light constant；α is light
Fine thermal expansion coefficient；ξ is the thermo-optical coeffecient of fiber grating；Δ T is temperature variation；ε is dependent variable.
Then it according to the relationship between ess-strain, calculates and obtains suffered external force.Relationship such as formula between ess-strain
(3) shown in：
F=A × E × ε (3)
Wherein, F is stress size, and A is the forced area of fibre optical sensor, and E is the elasticity modulus of flexible sheet, and ε is to answer
Variable.Then, (FBG) demodulator 6 is sent to dependent variable ε, stress F and the ambient temperature value measured come is demodulated at signal
Manage device 7.
Signal processor 7 receives the dependent variable ε, stress F and the ambient temperature value measured.Since institute is concatenated multiple
The spacing distance of fibre optical sensor 4 is different, therefore each fibre optical sensor 4 receives time when optical signal is reflected not
Together, thus (FBG) demodulator 6 receive reflected light time it is different.Signal processor 7 can be according to the reflection of different fibre optical sensors 4
The transmission time of light gets the position of specific fibre optical sensor 7.
Signal processor 7 is configured as receiving the dependent variable ε and the based on the received dependent variable of different fibre optical sensors
Corresponding strain tendency chart is generated, in order to the deformation of monitoring point be assessed and be analyzed.The optical fiber sensing system
Further include warning device 9, is connect with the signal processor 7.Strain threshold and temperature are previously stored in the signal processor
Threshold value is spent, when the dependent variable received is more than strain threshold, alarm signal of collapsing is sent to the warning device 9, with prompt
Related personnel carries out safe handling；When the ambient temperature value received is more than temperature threshold, fire is sent to the warning device 9
Calamity alarm signal, to prompt related personnel to carry out fire extinguishing processing, to prevent major structure at the loss of personnel or property.
The disclosure provide optical fiber sensing system include light source, optoisolator, optical fiber circulator, multiple fibre optical sensors,
Temperature sensor, (FBG) demodulator and signal processor.Optical signal is passed through after optoisolator and optical fiber circulator by light source
Optical fiber is sent to fibre optical sensor, and fibre optical sensor carries out the optical signal for meeting predetermined wavelength to reflect to form reflected light and reversely pass
(FBG) demodulator is transported to, the reflected light is carried out demodulation and is converted to dependent variable by (FBG) demodulator, and is sent signal processor to and stored
And subsequent data analysis.The optical fiber sensing system structure of the disclosure is simple, strong antijamming capability, can grow to building structure
Phase monitoring and real-time early warning, and then reduce security risk.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for those skilled in the art
For, the invention can have various changes and changes.All any modifications made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are equal
Replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. it is a kind of for monitoring the optical fiber sensing system of structural safety, including：
Light source, for emitting optical signal；
Optoisolator is connect with light source；
The first end of optical fiber circulator, the optical fiber circulator is connect with optoisolator, for the optical signal to be coupled to light
In fibre；
Multiple fibre optical sensors, are connected by optical fiber, and the second end of one end of the optical fiber and the optical fiber circulator connects
It connects, for receiving the optical signal and reverse transfer reflected light；
Temperature sensor, it is in parallel with the multiple fibre optical sensor, for measuring the ambient temperature value of monitoring point；
(FBG) demodulator is connect, for receiving the reflected light and environment temperature with the third end of the optical fiber circulator by optical fiber
Value, and the reflected light is converted into dependent variable；
Signal processor is connect with the (FBG) demodulator, is configured as receiving the dependent variable and different optical fiber pass based on the received
The dependent variable of sensor generates corresponding strain tendency chart；
Wherein, the (FBG) demodulator is configured as that the reflected light is converted to dependent variable according to the following formula：
Wherein, Δ λBFor the wavelength shift of reflected light；λBFor the wavelength of reflected light；PeFor valid round light constant；α is optical fiber
Thermal expansion coefficient；ξ is the thermo-optical coeffecient of fiber grating；Δ T is temperature variation；ε is dependent variable.
2. optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the (FBG) demodulator includes optical singnal processing list
Member, photosignal detection unit and signal demodulation unit.
3. optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the signal processor is additionally configured to work as institute
When stating dependent variable more than strain threshold, alarm signal of collapsing is sent.
4. optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the signal processor is additionally configured to work as institute
When stating ambient temperature value more than temperature threshold, fire alarm signal is sent.
5. optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fibre optical sensor includes：
Shell；
Flexible sheet, the flexible sheet are fixed in the shell；
Grating is fixedly connected with the flexible sheet, for reflecting the optical signal for meeting predetermined wavelength.
6. optical fiber sensing system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the flexible sheet with a thickness of 0.05mm-
0.2mm。
7. optical fiber sensing system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the material of the flexible sheet is elasticity gold
Belong to.
8. optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the signal processor is configured as according to not
The position of different fibre optical sensors is obtained with the transmission time of the reflected light of fibre optical sensor.
9. optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the light source is narrow linewidth laser.
10. optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that multiple fibre optical sensors include：
Fiber-optic grating sensor is laid in the crack area of building structure and/or the surface of building structure；
Fiber grating accelerometer is laid in the surface of inclination building structure.
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