CN102879022A - Method and device for demodulating fiber bragg grating (FBG) sensor - Google Patents
Method and device for demodulating fiber bragg grating (FBG) sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for demodulating a fiber bragg grating (FBG) sensor. The method comprises the following steps of: controlling a wavelength scanning laser device to generate narrow-band scanning laser rays with continuously changed wavelengths by using a computer; splitting beams of the narrow-band scanning laser rays generated by the wavelength scanning laser device; enabling a generated reflection spectrum to enter a photoelectric detector again via an optical fiber coupler to be converted into electric signals after the beam-split narrow-band scanning laser rays respectively enter the FBG sensor to be measured and a reflecting FBG comb filter with a temperature compensation package function via the optical fiber coupler, and acquiring the electric signals by the computer after the electric signals are amplified; obtaining wavelengths of peaks of the reflecting FBG comb filter with the temperature compensation package function by the computer through a peak-detection algorithm; calibrating the reflection spectrum of the FBG sensor by the wavelengths; and calculating an absolute wavelength value of the FBG sensor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of demodulation method and device of FBG sensor, belong to technical field of optical fiber sensing.
Background technology
The fiber-optic grating sensor reliability is high, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, corrosion-resistant.Especially, the quasi-distributed measurement advantage on its Wavelength-encoding characteristic and the single fiber is that other sensor institute is incomparable, has broad application prospects.But one of main obstacle of limit fibre grating sensor large-scale practical application is the demodulation to the fiber grating sensor wavelength signal at present.
Experience the development of two more than ten years, multiple fiber grating demodulation technology appears in the optical fiber grating sensing field.The type solution conditioning technology comprises spectrometer detection method, coupling grating demodulation method, non-equilibrium Mach-Ceng Deer interferometric method, tunable F-P demodulation by filter method and tunable narrow-band laser demodulation method etc.In numerous demodulation techniques, system architecture is different, and performance differs, but comprehensively compares from aspects such as signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), resolution, spectral range, demodulation speed and capacity, and only tunable narrow-band laser demodulation method possesses significant advantage, and engineering practicability is strong.
Existing tunable narrow-band laser instrument on a large scale comprises the tunable F-P wave filter of core component.Tunable F-P wave filter can not scan all inregisters because the restriction of the manufacturing process of device own when repeatedly scanning, is subjected to the impact of electromagnetic induction and electric charge sluggishness etc. at every turn, the serious accuracy of detection that reduces whole demodulating system of consequent systematic error.In addition, the impact that the piezoelectric ceramics of tunable F-P wave filter is subject to ambient temperature and service time easily is offset, and this also can cause adverse effect to the accuracy of detection of system.For fear of this situation, need be not subjected to that the external conditions such as environment temperature, stress affect accurate with reference to grating, the scanning wavelength of tunable F-P wave filter is calibrated, guarantee that demodulating system is to the accuracy of detection of sensing grating to be measured.
By wavelength calibration, can accurately determine demodulation accuracy and the measurement range of demodulating system.Immobilize with reference to the position of grating within the scan period, the position of sensing grating to be measured in the scan period compared with it, can by calculating the centre wavelength of the reflecting light that obtains this sensing grating to be measured, realize accurately detecting.
Ideally, the reference grating of demodulating system use is two.According to the Wavelength distribution situation of sensing grating to be measured, choose its spectral range two ends for reference to the centre wavelength of grating, and make with reference to grating and keep constant environment temperature and without strain, guarantee not drift about with reference to the centre wavelength of grating.Carry out linear fit with reference to the centre wavelength of grating with the scanning voltage of system and make the position of centre wavelength and scanning voltage corresponding one by one, can calculate the centre wavelength of the sensing grating to be measured that records this moment according to magnitude of voltage.
But in fact, the position of centre wavelength and scanning voltage are not simple linear relationship, adopt two errors with reference to the grating method still larger.In order further to improve the accuracy of detection of demodulating system, can be increased to five, nine and even more with reference to grating from two with reference to the number of grating, i.e. comb filter.
Although the number with reference to grating is more theoretically, the interval that scanning voltage is divided is more, and near reality, accuracy of detection is higher with reference to the match relational expression of grating wavelength and scanning voltage.But when using more the multiple reference light grid in the practical operation, need to be connected and be carried out constant temperature and without the strain encapsulation, greatly increased complexity with reference to grating.Therefore, can not unrestrictedly increase in order to improve measuring accuracy number with reference to grating.A feasible solution is the fiber comb filter that adopts based on the F-P wave filter, avoid a plurality of independences with reference to the complicacy of grating series connection and encapsulation, of document " research of high-speed high capacity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator " (Acta Optica, the 3rd phase of the 32nd volume in 2012).
Comb filter, i.e. the wave filter of spectral shape as comb, its kind is a lot of.Common comb filter mainly contains Mach-Ceng Deer interferometer comb filter, F-P interferometer comb filter and Comb-filter With Fiber Gratings.Although Mach-Ceng Deer interferometer comb filter is simple in structure, and is with low cost, it is larger that its temperature is floated coefficient, and insertion loss is large, general not as the wavelength reference device of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator.Because the comb filter technology maturation of F-P interferometer, commercial degree is high, is used widely in fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator.The F-P wave filter is comprised of two dull and stereotyped P1, P2 of parallel placement, is coated with the film of high reflectance at two dull and stereotyped relative faces.Usually the fixing F-P wave filter of distance between two flat boards is called the F-P etalon.But the measure of precision of the comb filter of F-P interferometer is high, and manufacturing process is comparatively complicated, needs equally to use constant-temperature circuit make it keep constant temperature, otherwise will seriously reduce the measuring accuracy of (FBG) demodulator during as the wavelength reference device.
Fiber Bragg Grating technology development existing 30 years so far, technology maturation, reliability is high.Adopt Fiber Bragg Grating technology can produce multiple comb filter equally, and have compact conformation, spectrum shape is customizable, and dirigibility is large, makes the advantages such as relatively simple.Document " Comb-filter With Fiber Gratings and the application in novel wavelength selectable laser thereof " (Acta Optica, the 6th phase of the 24th volume in 2004) has been reported a kind of comb filter based on fiber grating, has eight reflectance spectrums, the reflectivity high conformity.Therefore, by improving the manufacture craft based on the comb filter of Fiber Bragg Grating technology, can be fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator the High Performance Fiber Gratings that possesses good wavelength reference ability comb filter is provided.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of demodulation method and device of FBG sensor is provided.It can improve the demodulation accuracy of FBG sensor, and can reduce the manufacture difficulty of the demodulating equipment of FBG sensor.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of demodulation method of FBG sensor, be characterized in, comprise: make the Wavelength-swept laser that computerizeds control produce wavelength continually varying narrow band scanning laser, carry out beam splitting by the narrow band scanning laser that Wavelength-swept laser is produced again, narrow band scanning laser after the beam splitting is respectively after fiber coupler enters the reflective FBG comb filter of FBG sensor to be measured and band temperature compensation encapsulation (including but not limited to the compensation of bimetallic material physical construction and thermostat compensation), the reflectance spectrum that produces again through fiber coupler enter photodetector convert electric signal to and be exaggerated after computing machine collection is arranged, computing machine draws the wavelength at each peak of reflective FBG comb filter reflectance spectrum that encapsulates with temperature compensation by the peak-seeking algorithm, and with this wavelength the reflectance spectrum of FBG sensor is demarcated, calculate the absolute wavelength value of FBG sensor.
The demodulation method of above-mentioned FBG sensor, also comprise: the narrow band scanning laser that produces of many minutes one road Wavelength-swept lasers again, this road narrow band scanning laser enters with reference to FBG through fiber coupler, or directly connect with reflective FBG comb filter with reference to FBG, the reflectance spectrum that produces with reference to FBG again through fiber coupler enter photodetector convert electric signal to and be exaggerated after computing machine collection is arranged, computing machine draws wavelength with reference to each peak of FBG reflectance spectrum by the peak-seeking algorithm, rear from different with reference to the FBG temperature control according to reflective FBG comb filter band temperature compensation encapsulation, choose a certain reflection peak of reflective FBG comb filter as benchmark, when Wavelength-swept laser continuous sweep, calculate this reflection peak benchmark and with reference to wavelength difference Δ λ between the FBG reflection peak, namely record laser scanning to the wavelength location that is scanned with reference to reflective FBG comb filter of the FBG reflection peak moment, and laser scanning is to a certain benchmark reflection peak of reflective FBG comb filter wavelength location constantly, both differences are Δ λ (because reflective FBG comb filter is different from temperature control with reference to FBG, gap is obvious, therefore, both Δ λ are different under the different temperatures, such as the Δ λ of Fig. 4
T1With Δ λ
T2Shown in); Scale function by the FBG comb filter, measure under the different temperatures a certain benchmark reflection peak of reflective FBG comb filter with reference to the Δ λ of FBG, draw the once linear function of Δ λ and Current Temperatures, in the actual demodulation process, according to the current Δ λ value that obtains, can instead release current temperature, then draw the accurate wavelength of reflective FBG comb filter under current this temperature according to the temperature response curve of reflective FBG comb filter, thereby realize the real-time accurate temperature compensation to reflective FBG comb filter.
In the demodulation method of aforesaid FBG sensor, described reflective FBG comb filter is for to arrange different FBG of a plurality of cycles by Fiber Bragg Grating technology in same optical fiber, and its reflectance spectrum is pectination spectrum.The method for making of reflective FBG comb filter can be overlapping raster method, amplitude sampling grating method and the phase sample raster method etc. of writing.The overlapping raster method that writes is to utilize universal optical fibre preparing grating technology (mask plate method, double beam interferometry) to write the grating of a plurality of different cycles in same section zone of optical fiber, have the fiber bragg grating device of the pectination spectrum of a plurality of wavelength to obtain reflectance spectrum, this device namely can be used as reflective FBG comb filter.Amplitude sampling grating method and phase sample raster method are to utilize universal optical fibre preparing grating technology, when making grating, make the amplitude of grating or phase place alongst produce periodic index distribution, its reflectance spectrum profile can be regarded the Fourier transform of refractive index distribution function as, reflectance spectrum presents pectination spectrum, and then this grating can be used as reflective FBG comb filter.
In the demodulation method of aforesaid FBG sensor, described reflective FBG comb filter is replaced with transmission-type LPG (long period fiber grating) comb filter, the transmission spectrum that transmission-type LPG comb filter produces directly enters photodetector; Perhaps replace with tandem FBG comb filter, and the temperature compensation encapsulation is transferred to reference on the FBG.On principle to reflective FBG comb filter or with reference to FBG carry out temperature compensation encapsulation all can, but because tandem FBG comb filter is difficult to realize the temperature compensation encapsulation after the series connection, so can only carry out the temperature compensation encapsulation to reference FBG.
In the demodulation method of aforesaid FBG sensor, described transmission-type LPG comb filter is for arranging two at a distance of the LPG of several millimeters to several centimetres transmissivity about 50% in same optical fiber by Fiber Bragg Grating technology, and its transmission spectrum is pectination spectrum.
In the demodulation method of aforesaid FBG sensor, it is characterized in that: described tandem FBG comb filter is formed by the series connection expansion of plural reflective FBG comb filter.
Realize the demodulating equipment of a kind of FBG sensor of preceding method, be characterized in: comprise Wavelength-swept laser, the laser emitting end of Wavelength-swept laser is connected with power splitter, the multiplexer channel that power splitter is told is respectively through 50:50 fiber coupler and reflective FBG comb filter with temperature compensation, link to each other with FBG sensor to be measured with reference to FBG, perhaps reflective FBG comb filter and connect with reference to FBG, the a-road-through road that shared power splitter is told, reflective FBG comb filter, reflection end with reference to FBG and FBG sensor to be measured links to each other with data collecting card with amplifying circuit by photodetector, data collecting card links to each other with computing machine, and data collecting card links to each other with the input end of Wavelength-swept laser.
In the demodulating equipment of aforesaid FBG sensor, described reflective FBG comb filter replaces with transmission-type LPG comb filter, and the projection end of transmission-type LPG comb filter links to each other with photodetector.When using transmission-type LPG comb filter, the method that does not adopt transmission-type LPG comb filter and connect with reference to FBG.
In the demodulating equipment of aforesaid FBG sensor, described reflective FBG comb filter expands to the tandem FBG comb filter of plural reflective FBG comb filter series connection, and the not temperature compensated encapsulation of tandem FBG comb filter is with reference to FBG band temperature compensation encapsulation.
Compared with prior art, the comb filter (bag expand reflective FBG comb filter, transmission-type LPG comb filter and tandem FBG comb filter) of the present invention by adopting fiber grating to make, can reduce the insertion loss of comb filter, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of reference wavelength; And adopt fiber grating to make comb filter, technology maturation, process, the manufacture difficulty of reduction comb filter, the spectrum shape customization capability of raising comb filter; Based on the spectrum lock-in techniques of fiber grating, can improve the measuring accuracy of FBG sensor (FBG) demodulator, simultaneously so that demodulating equipment realizes that in different wavelength range high precision becomes possibility.The present invention also utilizes the reflective FBG comb filter that encapsulates with temperature compensation and calculates the method for the absolute reference wavelength of reflective FBG comb filter under the different temperatures with reference to FBG, namely the shape wave filter is realized the accurate temperature compensation, further improve the measuring accuracy of the demodulating equipment of FBG sensor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the embodiment of the invention 1 is based on the demodulating equipment structural representation of the FBG sensor of reflective FBG comb filter;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the reflective FBG comb filter of embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the reflectance spectrum simulation drawing of the reflective FBG comb filter of embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is reflective FBG comb filter and with reference to the temperature-responsive synoptic diagram of FBG among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 5 is that embodiment 2 is based on the demodulating equipment structural representation of the FBG sensor of transmission-type LPG comb filter;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the transmission-type LPG comb filter of embodiment 2;
Fig. 7 is the transmitted spectrum simulation drawing of the transmission-type LPG comb filter of embodiment 2;
Fig. 8 is that embodiment 3 is based on the demodulating equipment structural representation of the FBG sensor of tandem FBG comb filter.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but not as the foundation to the present invention's restriction.
Embodiment.A kind of demodulation method of FBG sensor comprises: make the Wavelength-swept laser that computerizeds control produce wavelength continually varying narrow band scanning laser, carry out beam splitting by the narrow band scanning laser that Wavelength-swept laser is produced again, narrow band scanning laser after the beam splitting is respectively after fiber coupler enters FBG sensor to be measured and the reflective FBG comb filter with the temperature compensation encapsulation, the reflectance spectrum that produces again through fiber coupler enter photodetector convert electric signal to and be exaggerated after computing machine collection is arranged, computing machine draws the wavelength at each peak of reflective FBG comb filter reflectance spectrum that encapsulates with temperature compensation by the peak-seeking algorithm, and with this wavelength the reflectance spectrum of FBG sensor is demarcated, calculate the absolute wavelength value of FBG sensor.Also comprise: the narrow band scanning laser that produces of many minutes one road Wavelength-swept lasers again, this road narrow band scanning laser enters with reference to FBG through fiber coupler, the reflectance spectrum that produces again through fiber coupler enter photodetector convert electric signal to and be exaggerated after computing machine collection is arranged, computing machine draws wavelength with reference to each peak of FBG reflectance spectrum by the peak-seeking algorithm, rear from different with reference to the FBG temperature control according to reflective FBG comb filter band temperature compensation encapsulation, choose a certain reflection peak of reflective FBG comb filter as benchmark, when Wavelength-swept laser continuous sweep, calculate this reflection peak benchmark and with reference to wavelength difference Δ λ between the FBG reflection peak, namely record laser scanning to the wavelength location that is scanned with reference to reflective FBG comb filter of the FBG reflection peak moment, reach laser scanning to a certain benchmark reflection peak of reflective FBG comb filter wavelength location constantly, both differences are Δ λ; Scale function by the FBG comb filter, measure under the different temperatures a certain benchmark reflection peak of reflective FBG comb filter with reference to the Δ λ of FBG, draw the once linear function of Δ λ and Current Temperatures, in the actual demodulation process, according to the current Δ λ value that obtains, can instead release current temperature, then draw the accurate wavelength of reflective FBG comb filter under current this temperature according to the temperature response curve of reflective FBG comb filter, thereby realize the real-time accurate temperature compensation to reflective FBG comb filter.Described reflective FBG comb filter is for to arrange different FBG of a plurality of cycles by Fiber Bragg Grating technology in same optical fiber, its reflectance spectrum is pectination spectrum.Described reflective FBG comb filter can be replaced with transmission-type LPG comb filter, the transmission spectrum that transmission-type LPG comb filter produces directly enters photodetector; Perhaps replace with tandem FBG comb filter, and the temperature compensation encapsulation is transferred to reference on the FBG.Described transmission-type LPG comb filter is for arranging two LPG of several millimeters to several centimetres apart in same optical fiber by Fiber Bragg Grating technology, its transmission spectrum is pectination spectrum.Described tandem FBG comb filter is formed by the series connection expansion of plural reflective FBG comb filter.
Realize the demodulating equipment of a kind of FBG sensor of said method, comprise Wavelength-swept laser, the laser emitting end of Wavelength-swept laser is connected with power splitter, the multiplexer channel that power splitter is told is respectively through 50:50 fiber coupler and reflective FBG comb filter with temperature compensation, link to each other with FBG sensor to be measured with reference to FBG, reflective FBG comb filter, reflection end with reference to FBG and FBG sensor to be measured links to each other with data collecting card with amplifying circuit by photodetector, data collecting card links to each other with computing machine, and data collecting card links to each other with the input end of Wavelength-swept laser.Described reflective FBG comb filter can replace with transmission-type LPG comb filter, and the projection end of transmission-type LPG comb filter links to each other with photodetector.Described reflective FBG comb filter can expand to the tandem FBG comb filter of plural reflective FBG comb filter series connection, and the not temperature compensated encapsulation of tandem FBG comb filter, with reference to FBG band temperature compensation encapsulation.
Embodiment 1.As shown in Figure 1, the demodulating equipment structural representation based on the FBG sensor of reflective FBG comb filter that proposes for the present invention, comprise Wavelength-swept laser 1-1,1 * N power splitter 1-2, N road 50:50 fiber coupler 1-3 is with the reflective FBG comb filter 1-4 of temperature compensation encapsulation, with reference to FBG 1-5, (N-1) the FBG sensor 1-6 on the sensing passage of road, N road photodetector (PD) 1-7, amplification appliance 1-8, data collecting card 1-9 and computing machine 1-10.The principle of work of the demodulating equipment of the principal character of each device and FBG sensor is as follows:
Described Wavelength-swept laser 1-1 is fiber laser, adopts the ring cavity structure, produces the laser of narrowband signal.Preferably, the gain device of fiber laser is selected Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (EDFA) or semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), the length scanning device is selected the F-P tunable optic filter, the external electric signal that is provided by the D/A passage of data collecting card 1-9 drives, the scanning of realization wide range of wavelengths, maximum magnitude can cover the C+L wave band.The inside of Wavelength-swept laser fills optoisolator before output terminal, prevent that laser instrument from being damaged by external optical signal.
Described 1 * N power splitter 1-2 adopts the optical fiber power beam splitter, behind the luminous power N five equilibrium with Wavelength-swept laser 1-1 input, exports respectively N road 50:50 fiber coupler 1-3 to.According to the real work needs, the output way N of optical fiber power beam splitter generally can select 4,8,16 etc. (selection of N is determined by product requirement and general-purpose device parameter).
The input end of described every road 50:50 fiber coupler 1-3 connects every road output terminal of corresponding 1 * N power splitter.The output terminal of fiber coupler 1-3 connects the respectively reflective FBG comb filter 1-4 of connecting band temperature compensation encapsulation, with reference to FBG 1-5 and multichannel FBG sensor 1-6.The reflected signal of each FBG device enters respectively in the PD 1-7 of N road through each 50:50 fiber coupler 1-3.
Described reflective FBG comb filter 1-4 with the temperature compensation encapsulation refers to adopt Fiber Bragg Grating technology to make one at optical fiber and is characterized as the optical fibre device that reflectance spectrum is pectination spectrum, and the wavelength that makes reflective FBG comb filter by the temperature compensation method for packing to external world sensitivity of temperature variation reduces greatly, and as the standard of wavelength device, for the FBG demodulating equipment provides the Wavelength calibration function.Fig. 2 provides the structural representation of a reflective FBG comb filter of making based on amplitude sampling or overlapping raster method, its reflectance spectrum simulation drawing as shown in Figure 3, centre wavelength 1536nm～1562nm has 16 reflection peaks, spacing 1.6 nm.But the reflectance spectrum of reflective FBG comb filter is not limited to example shown in Figure 3, and the reflectance spectrum scope can be determined according to the operating wavelength range of required demodulating equipment and the characteristics of Fabrication Methods of Fiber Gratings.The described Fiber Bragg Grating technology that is used for making reflective FBG comb filter includes but not limited to overlapping raster method, amplitude sampling grating method and the phase sample raster method etc. of writing.The overlapping raster method that writes is to utilize universal optical fibre preparing grating technology (mask plate method, double beam interferometry) to write the grating of a plurality of different cycles in same section zone of optical fiber, have the fiber bragg grating device of the pectination spectrum of a plurality of wavelength to obtain reflectance spectrum, this device namely can be used as reflective FBG comb filter.Amplitude sampling grating method and phase sample raster method are to utilize universal optical fibre preparing grating technology, when making grating, make the amplitude of grating or phase place alongst produce periodic index distribution, its reflectance spectrum profile can be regarded the Fourier transform of refractive index distribution function as, reflectance spectrum presents pectination spectrum, and then this grating can be used as reflective FBG comb filter.Described temperature compensation method for packing includes but not limited to the compensation of bimetallic material physical construction and thermostat compensation.
Described is for monitoring demodulating equipment environment temperature with reference to FBG 1-5, and the accurate wavelength of getting rid of temperature effect calculating FBG sensor for demodulating equipment provides reference.Not overlapping with the spectrum of the reflective FBG comb filter 1-4 that encapsulates with temperature compensation with reference to FBG 1-5, there is certain wavelength interval.
Described PD 1-7 and amplifying circuit 1-8 will be with the reflective FBG comb filter 1-4 of temperature compensation encapsulation, and the light signal that is reflected back with reference to FBG 1-5 and multichannel FBG sensor 1-6 is transformed into electric signal, delivers to the input end of data collecting card 1-9 after amplifying.
Described data collecting card 1-9 has N road A/D ALT-CH alternate channel, with the reflective FBG comb filter 1-4 with the temperature compensation encapsulation.Be sent to computing machine 1-10 after converting digital signal to reference to the signal of FBG 1-5 and multichannel FBG sensor 1-6.
Under the control of computing machine 1-10, the driving signal of the Wavelength-swept laser that computing machine 1-10 produces in each cycle sends to data collecting card 1-9, deliver to Wavelength-swept laser 1-1 through the D/A of data collecting card 1-9 passage, produce wavelength continually varying narrow band scanning laser.Scan laser enters respectively the reflective FBG comb filter 1-4 with the temperature compensation encapsulation behind power splitter 1-2 and fiber coupler 1-3, with reference to FBG 1-5 and multichannel FBG sensor 1-6, the reflectance spectrum of generation again enters PD 1-7 through fiber coupler 1-3 and converts electric signal to and be exaggerated circuit 1-8 amplification.After gathering, data collecting card 1-9 is sent to the upper spectrum that generates each device of computing machine 1-10.By the peak-seeking algorithm, calculate with the pectination reflectance spectrum of the reflective FBG comb filter 1-4 of temperature compensation encapsulation with reference to the wavelength value at each peak of reflectance spectrum of FBG 1-5, and utilize the pectination reflectance spectrum and with reference to the FBG reflectance spectrum reflectance spectrum of multichannel FBG sensor 1-6 is demarcated, calculate the absolute wavelength value of FBG sensor.
The reflective FBG comb filter that the present invention proposes equally to responsive to temperature, has the temperature control the same with common FBG based on fiber optic materials.In the present embodiment, although possess very low temperature control with the reflective FBG comb filter 1-4 of temperature compensation encapsulation, in fact be difficult to guarantee that by the temperature compensation encapsulation its temperature control is zero, namely fully insensitive to temperature.Therefore in the computation process of (FBG) demodulator Wavelength calibration, can introduce error unavoidably.
In order to improve the precision of (FBG) demodulator Wavelength calibration, propose a kind of utilization with the reflective FBG comb filter of temperature compensation encapsulation and the method for calculating the absolute reference wavelength of reflective FBG comb filter under the different temperatures with reference to FBG, namely reflective FBG comb filter is realized the accurate temperature compensation.As shown in Figure 4, for reflective FBG comb filter with reference to the temperature-responsive synoptic diagram of FBG, wherein be the N/of the reference FBG of not temperature compensated encapsulation with the temperature control of the reflective FBG comb filter of temperature compensation encapsulation.Because the peak-to-peak interval of reflection of reflective FBG comb filter does not vary with temperature, and as shown in Figure 3, has the scale function.Choose a certain reflection peak of reflective FBG comb filter as benchmark, when Wavelength-swept laser continuous sweep, calculate this reflection peak benchmark and with reference to wavelength difference Δ λ between the FBG reflection peak, namely record laser scanning to the wavelength location that is scanned with reference to reflective FBG comb filter of the FBG reflection peak moment, reach laser scanning to a certain benchmark reflection peak of reflective FBG comb filter wavelength location constantly, both differences are Δ λ.Because reflective FBG comb filter is different from temperature control with reference to FBG, gap is obvious, and therefore, both Δ λ are different under the different temperatures, such as the Δ λ of Fig. 4
T1With Δ λ
T2Shown in.By the scale function of FBG comb filter, measure under the different temperatures a certain benchmark reflection peak of reflective FBG comb filter with reference to the Δ λ of FBG.Because Δ λ is the once linear function of Current Temperatures, can instead release current temperature, then calculate the accurate wavelength of reflective FBG comb filter under current this temperature according to the temperature response curve of reflective FBG comb filter, thereby realize the real-time accurate temperature compensation to reflective FBG comb filter.
Embodiment 2.As shown in Figure 5, the demodulating equipment structural representation based on the FBG sensor of transmission-type LPG comb filter that proposes for the present invention, comprise Wavelength-swept laser 5-1,1 * N power splitter 5-2, (N-1) road 50:50 fiber coupler 5-3, transmission-type LPG comb filter 5-4, reference FBG 5-5 with the temperature compensation encapsulation, (N-2) the FBG sensor 5-6 on the sensing passage of road, N road photodetector (PD) 5-7, data collecting card 5-8, amplification appliance 5-9 and computing machine 5-10.The principle of work of the demodulating equipment of the principal character of each device and FBG sensor is as follows:
Described Wavelength-swept laser 5-1 is fiber laser, adopts the ring cavity structure, produces the laser of narrowband signal.Preferably, the gain device of fiber laser is selected Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (EDFA) or semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), the length scanning device is selected the F-P tunable optic filter, the external electric signal that is provided by the D/A passage of data collecting card 5-8 drives, the scanning of realization wide range of wavelengths, maximum magnitude can cover the C+L wave band.The inside of Wavelength-swept laser fills optoisolator before output terminal, prevent that laser instrument from being damaged by external optical signal.
Described 1 * N power splitter 5-2 adopts the optical fiber power beam splitter, behind the luminous power N five equilibrium with Wavelength-swept laser 5-1 input, exports respectively (N-1) road 50:50 fiber coupler 5-3 and transmission-type LPG comb filter 5-4 to.The output terminal of transmission-type LPG comb filter 5-4 directly connects PD 5-7.According to the real work needs, the output way N of optical fiber power beam splitter generally can select 4,8,16 etc.
The input end of described every road 50:50 fiber coupler 5-3 connects every road output terminal of corresponding 1 * N power splitter.The output terminal of fiber coupler 5-3 is reference FBG 5-5 and the multichannel FBG sensor 5-6 of connecting band temperature compensation encapsulation respectively.The reflected signal of FBG device enters respectively in the PD 5-7 of (N-1) road through each 50:50 fiber coupler 5-3 again.
Described transmission-type LPG comb filter 5-4 refers to adopt Fiber Bragg Grating technology to make one at optical fiber and is characterized as the optical fibre device that transmitted spectrum is pectination spectrum, for the FBG demodulating equipment provides the Wavelength calibration function.Fig. 6 provides a structural representation that writes the transmission-type LPG comb filter of raster method making based on pointwise, two LPG are cascaded and consist of Mach-Ceng Deer interferometer, its transmitted spectrum simulation drawing as shown in Figure 7, centre wavelength covers 1510nm～1590nm, have 32 transmission peaks, spacing 2.8 nm.But the transmitted spectrum of transmission-type LPG comb filter is not limited to example shown in Figure 7, and the transmitted spectrum scope can be determined according to the operating wavelength range of required demodulating equipment and the characteristics of Fabrication Methods of Fiber Gratings.The described Fiber Bragg Grating technology that is used for making transmission-type LPG comb filter includes but not limited to that pointwise writes raster method and vibration amplitude mask plate method etc.It is exciamer laser UV to be focused to be of a size of tens and shine directly on the optical fiber to the hot spot of hundreds of micron and expose that pointwise writes raster method, and time shutter and exposure cycle by High Precision Linear Motor control every bit, forms LPG.Utilize pointwise to write raster method at two of the same optical fiber fabrications LPG at a distance of several millimeters to several centimetres, then the device of this two LPG formation is Mach-Ceng Deer interferometer, and its transmitted spectrum is pectination spectrum, and namely this device can be used as transmission-type LPG comb filter.Pointwise writes raster method usually to be increased a slit hot spot is limited behind hot spot, improve optical quality, to improve the long period fiber grating quality.The vibration amplitude mask plate method refers to utilize vibration amplitude mask plate directly optical fiber to be carried out uv-exposure, forms LPG.Compare pointwise and write raster method, the vibration amplitude mask plate method cycle is fixed, and can not arbitrarily regulate the cycle of long period fiber grating.Utilize the vibration amplitude mask plate method at two of the same optical fiber fabrications LPG at a distance of several millimeters to several centimetres, then the device of this two LPG formation is Mach-Ceng Deer interferometer, and its transmitted spectrum is pectination spectrum, and namely this device also can be used as transmission-type LPG comb filter.
The centre wavelength that described reference FBG 5-5 with temperature compensation encapsulation refers to make FBG by physical construction or the thermostat to external world sensitivity of temperature variation reduces greatly, and as the standard of wavelength device, the wavelength that calculates the FBG sensor for the FBG demodulating equipment provides absolute wavelength reference.Described temperature compensation method for packing includes but not limited to the compensation of bimetallic material physical construction and thermostat compensation.
Described PD 5-7 and amplifying circuit 5-8 are transformed into electric signal with transmission-type LPG comb filter 5-4 with the reference FBG 5-5 of temperature compensation encapsulation and the light signal of multichannel FBG sensor 5-6, deliver to the input end of data collecting card 5-9 after amplifying.
Described data collecting card 5-9 has N road A/D ALT-CH alternate channel, and transmission-type LPG comb filter 5-4 just is sent to computing machine 5-10 after converting digital signal to the signal of the reference FBG 5-5 of temperature compensation encapsulation and multichannel FBG sensor 5-6.
Under the control of computing machine 5-10, the driving signal of the Wavelength-swept laser that computing machine 5-10 produces in each cycle sends to data collecting card 5-9, deliver to Wavelength-swept laser 5-1 through the D/A of data collecting card 5-9 passage, produce wavelength continually varying narrow band scanning laser.Scan laser enters respectively transmission-type LPG comb filter 5-4 behind power splitter 5-2 and fiber coupler 5-3, with reference FBG 5-5 and the multichannel FBG sensor 5-6 of temperature compensation encapsulation.The transmission spectrum that transmission-type LPG comb filter 5-4 produces directly enters PD 5-7 and converts electric signal to and be exaggerated circuit 5-8 amplification, the reflectance spectrum that produces with reference FBG 5-5 and the multichannel FBG sensor 5-6 of temperature compensation encapsulation again enters PD 5-7 through fiber coupler 5-3 and converts electric signal to and be exaggerated circuit 5-8 and amplify, and is sent to the upper spectrum that generates each device of computing machine 5-10 after data collecting card 5-9 gathers.By the peak-seeking algorithm, calculate the pectination transmitted spectrum of transmission-type LPG comb filter 5-4 and with reference to the wavelength value at each peak of reflectance spectrum of FBG 5-5, and utilize the pectination transmitted spectrum and with reference to the FBG reflectance spectrum reflectance spectrum of multichannel FBG sensor 5-6 is demarcated, calculate the absolute wavelength value of FBG sensor.
Embodiment 3.As shown in Figure 8, the demodulating equipment structural representation based on the FBG sensor of tandem FBG comb filter that proposes for the present invention, comprise Wavelength-swept laser 8-1,1 * N power splitter 8-2, N road 50:50 fiber coupler 8-3, tandem FBG comb filter 8-4, reference FBG 8-5 with the temperature compensation encapsulation, (N-1) the FBG sensor 8-6 on the sensing passage of road, N road photodetector (PD) 8-7, data collecting card 8-8, amplification appliance 8-9 and computing machine 8-10.The demodulating equipment of the FBG sensor of reflective FBG comb filter is identical among the main devices feature of the demodulating equipment of the FBG sensor of tandem FBG comb filter and principle of work and the embodiment 1.The key distinction is that tandem FBG comb filter 8-4 is formed by the series connection of two or more reflective FBG comb filter 1-4 expansion, needs larger wavelength scanning range and the deficiency of single reflective FBG comb filter when wide Wavelength calibration scope can not be provided enough with the demodulating equipment that remedies the FBG sensor.For example, but the demodulating equipment of FBG sensor need to scan the FBG sensor in 1510nm～1590nm scope, and because the restriction of preparing grating technology, such as grating length restriction, photosensitivity restriction etc., can only make the single reflective FBG comb filter of 16 passage 32nm bandwidth, then the reflective FBG comb filter series connection of 3 different-wavebands of need this moment could be satisfied the requirement of the demodulating equipment 80nm wavelength scanning range of FBG sensor.
Foregoing description of the present invention only is exemplary attribute, and the various distortion that therefore do not depart from main idea of the present invention ought to be within the scope of the present invention.These distortion should not be regarded as departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the demodulation method of a FBG sensor, it is characterized in that, comprise: make the Wavelength-swept laser that computerizeds control produce wavelength continually varying narrow band scanning laser, carry out beam splitting by the narrow band scanning laser that Wavelength-swept laser is produced again, narrow band scanning laser after the beam splitting is respectively after fiber coupler enters FBG sensor to be measured and the reflective FBG comb filter with the temperature compensation encapsulation, the reflectance spectrum that produces again through fiber coupler enter photodetector convert electric signal to and be exaggerated after computing machine collection is arranged, computing machine draws the wavelength at each peak of reflective FBG comb filter reflectance spectrum that encapsulates with temperature compensation by the peak-seeking algorithm, and with this wavelength the reflectance spectrum of FBG sensor is demarcated, calculate the absolute wavelength value of FBG sensor.
2. the demodulation method of FBG sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise: the narrow band scanning laser that produces of many minutes one road Wavelength-swept lasers again, this road narrow band scanning laser enters with reference to FBG through fiber coupler, or directly connect with reflective FBG comb filter with reference to FBG, the reflectance spectrum that produces with reference to FBG again through fiber coupler enter photodetector convert electric signal to and be exaggerated after computing machine collection is arranged, computing machine draws wavelength with reference to each peak of FBG reflectance spectrum by the peak-seeking algorithm, rear from different with reference to the FBG temperature control according to reflective FBG comb filter band temperature compensation encapsulation, choose a certain reflection peak of reflective FBG comb filter as benchmark, when Wavelength-swept laser continuous sweep, calculate this reflection peak benchmark and with reference to wavelength difference Δ λ between the FBG reflection peak, namely record laser scanning to the wavelength location that is scanned with reference to reflective FBG comb filter of the FBG reflection peak moment, reach laser scanning to a certain benchmark reflection peak of reflective FBG comb filter wavelength location constantly, both differences are Δ λ; Scale function by the FBG comb filter, measure under the different temperatures a certain benchmark reflection peak of reflective FBG comb filter with reference to the Δ λ of FBG, draw the once linear function of Δ λ and Current Temperatures, in the actual demodulation process, according to the current Δ λ value that obtains, can instead release current temperature, then draw the accurate wavelength of reflective FBG comb filter under current this temperature according to the temperature response curve of reflective FBG comb filter, thereby realize the real-time accurate temperature compensation to reflective FBG comb filter.
3. the demodulation method of FBG sensor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described reflective FBG comb filter is for to arrange different FBG of a plurality of cycles by Fiber Bragg Grating technology in same optical fiber, its reflectance spectrum is pectination spectrum.
4. the demodulation method of FBG sensor according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described reflective FBG comb filter is replaced with transmission-type LPG comb filter, and the transmission spectrum that transmission-type LPG comb filter produces directly enters photodetector; Perhaps replace with tandem FBG comb filter, and the temperature compensation encapsulation is transferred to reference on the FBG.
5. the demodulation method of FBG sensor according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described transmission-type LPG comb filter is for to arrange two LPG by Fiber Bragg Grating technology in same optical fiber, its transmission spectrum is pectination spectrum.
6. the demodulation method of FBG sensor according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described tandem FBG comb filter is formed by the series connection expansion of plural reflective FBG comb filter.
7. realize the demodulating equipment of a kind of FBG sensor of the described method of the arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that: comprise Wavelength-swept laser, the laser emitting end of Wavelength-swept laser is connected with power splitter, the multiplexer channel that power splitter is told is respectively through 50:50 fiber coupler and reflective FBG comb filter with temperature compensation, link to each other with FBG sensor to be measured with reference to FBG, perhaps reflective FBG comb filter and connect with reference to FBG, the a-road-through road that shared power splitter is told, reflective FBG comb filter, reflection end with reference to FBG and FBG sensor to be measured links to each other with data collecting card with amplifying circuit by photodetector, data collecting card links to each other with computing machine, and data collecting card links to each other with the input end of Wavelength-swept laser.
8. the demodulating equipment of FBG sensor according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described reflective FBG comb filter replaces with transmission-type LPG comb filter, and the projection end of transmission-type LPG comb filter links to each other with photodetector.
9. the demodulating equipment of FBG sensor according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described reflective FBG comb filter expands to the tandem FBG comb filter of plural reflective FBG comb filter series connection, and the not temperature compensated encapsulation of tandem FBG comb filter is with reference to FBG band temperature compensation encapsulation.
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