CN108927197A - A kind of g-C of high catalytic performance3N4Preparation method and purposes - Google Patents

A kind of g-C of high catalytic performance3N4Preparation method and purposes Download PDF

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CN108927197A
CN108927197A CN201810743126.6A CN201810743126A CN108927197A CN 108927197 A CN108927197 A CN 108927197A CN 201810743126 A CN201810743126 A CN 201810743126A CN 108927197 A CN108927197 A CN 108927197A
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high catalytic
preparation
catalytic performance
uracil
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CN108927197B (en
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施伟东
黄元勇
方振远
陈锐杰
乔小磊
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Jiangsu University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/24Nitrogen compounds
    • B01J35/39
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/03Precipitation; Co-precipitation
    • B01J37/038Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form slurries or suspensions, e.g. a washcoat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08Heat treatment
    • B01J37/082Decomposition and pyrolysis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/042Decomposition of water
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Abstract

The invention belongs to industrial catalysis technical fields, refer in particular to a kind of g-C of high catalytic performance3N4Preparation method and purposes.Raw material of the present invention is uracil and dicyanodiamine, obtains the g-C of high catalytic activity by schiff base reaction and copolymerisation3N4Photochemical catalyst.The g-C of high catalytic activity is directly synthesized using simple and fast copolymerization method3N4Photochemical catalyst can be used for visible light photocatalysis hydrogen production by water decomposition.

Description

A kind of g-C of high catalytic performance3N4Preparation method and purposes
Technical field
The invention belongs to industrial catalysis technical fields, and the g- of high catalytic activity is directly synthesized using simple and fast copolymerization method C3N4Photochemical catalyst can be used for visible light photocatalysis hydrogen production by water decomposition.
Background technique
N-type TiO is utilized from two Japanese Scientists of Fujishima in 1972 and Honda2Electrode carries out hydrogen production by water decomposition Since (A.Fujishima, K.Honda, Nature, 1972,238,37-38.), researcher puts into the exploitation of a large amount of energy can Lasting novel photocatalysis material is stored for solar energy and environmental pollution treatment.Currently, graphite-phase C3N4(g-C3N4) conduct C3N4The most stable of allotrope of material has certain visible absorption performance because its band gap is relatively narrow (about 2.7eV), excellent Thermal stability and cheap and easy to get, be considered as most promising organic semiconductor catalysis material.However, swashing due to superelevation Son combines energy, and lower specific surface area and insufficient light abstraction width seriously restrict g-C3N4Photocatalytic activity.Mesh Before, for improving g-C3N4Photocatalytic activity there are many improved method, including nanostructure building, element doping (B, P, S, I) and in conjunction with other semiconductors form hetero-junctions.But element doping and formation hetero-junctions are also easy to produce photo-generated carrier Complex centre, it tends to be difficult to effectively improve catalyst photocatalysis performance, and nanostructure constructs time consumption and energy consumption, cause material at This increase.Therefore, high efficiency low cost g-C is developed3N4Material construction method, to g-C3N4Industrial applications are most important.
The preparation g-C that optical response range is wide and photocatalytic activity is strong3N4It can be by the modification of intramolecule structure come real It is existing.In principle, in g-C3N4Intramolecule, which is embedded in other organo-functional groups, can reduce band gap width and improve light capture ability. Such as: Che et al. reports a kind of novel (Cring)-C3N4Structure realizes the quick separating of carrier and then realizes height Effect photolysis water hydrogen (W.Che, W.R.Cheng, T.Yao, F.M.Tang, W.Liu, H.Su, Y.Y.Huang, Q.H.Liu, J.K.Liu,F.C.Hu,Z.Y.Pan,Z.H.Sun,S.Q.Wei,J.Am.Chem.Soc.2017,139,3021-3026.)。 Zhang et al. is copolymerized to have obtained the g-C of near-infrared response by barbituric acid and dicyanodiamine3N4(J.S.Zhang, X.F.Chen,K.Takanabe,K.Maeda,K.Domen,J.P.Epping,X.Z.Fu,M.Antonietti,X.C.Wang, Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2010,49,441-444.).Recently, Wang et al., which is reported, is embedded into g-C for carbon quantum dot3N4 New method inside molecular structure, largely reduced photo-generated carrier transfer energy barrier (Y.Wang, X.Q.Liu, J.Liu, B.Han,X.Q.Hu,F.Yang,Z.W.Xu,Y.C.Li,S.R.Jia,Z.Li,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2018,57, 5765-5771.).It absolutely proves by g-C3N4Intramolecule is embedded in other organo-functional groups or organic principle can be effective Improve g-C3N4Photocatalytic activity.
Summary of the invention
The g-C of high catalytic activity is synthesized the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple and fast method3N4Photocatalysis Agent, and it is used for visible light photocatalysis water decomposition hydrogen manufacturing.Raw material of the present invention be uracil and dicyanodiamine, it is anti-by schiff bases The g-C of high catalytic activity should be obtained with copolymerisation3N4Photochemical catalyst, the present invention make uracil and dicyan by schiff base reaction Diamines are to change g-C3N4Intramolecule structure is to effectively improve its photocatalytic hydrogen production by water decomposition activity.
The present invention provides a kind of g-C of high photocatalysis performance3N4Photochemical catalyst preparation method, synthetic method are mainly wrapped Include following steps:
Step 1: dicyanodiamine being mixed with uracil, distilled water is added, ultrasound mixes well it, and what is obtained is white Color slurry compositions, mixture is transferred in reaction kettle and is reacted, gained presoma drying for standby.
The mass ratio of the dicyanodiamine and uracil are as follows: 3:0.05-0.1, preferably 3:0.075.
The mass volume ratio of the dicyanodiamine and distilled water are as follows: 3g:15mL.
The ultrasonic time is 5min.
The reaction temperature is 373K, and the reaction time is for 24 hours.
The drying, which refers to, is placed in vacuum oven dry 12h.
Step 2: the presoma after above-mentioned drying being placed in Muffle furnace with 550 DEG C, 2.3 DEG C/min, calcines 4h, grinding The g-C of high photocatalysis performance is obtained afterwards3N4Photochemical catalyst.
According to the schiff base reaction mechanism and polymerization process of dicyanodiamine and uracil, intramolecule incorporates carbon-carbon double bond Afterwards, band gap is reduced, can scheme to prove by the Tauc of Fig. 1.In turn, photo-generated carrier mobility greatly promotes, as shown in Fig. 2, surely State PL test, which shows to modify by uracil, reduces exciton compounding machine meeting, therefore produces hydrogen activity and significantly improve.
As shown in figure 3, two diffraction maximums occurred in X-ray diffraction (XRD) figure belong to g-C3N4Characteristic peak, with mark Quasi- card (JCPDS no.71-0639) is consistent.The spectrogram shows, g-C modified by a small amount of uracil3N4Basic structure does not have Have obvious destruction, illustrate uracil modification be it is practicable, g-C will not be changed completely3N4Physico-chemical property, thus Photocatalytic water aquatic products hydrogen may be implemented.
As shown in figure 4, UV-vis DRS absorption spectrum (UV-Vis) proves uracil and dicyanodiamine copolymerization gained G-C3N4Light absorpting ability enhancing, light abstraction width can be expanded near infrared region.
The g-C that can be responded using simple and fast method synthesis near-infrared3N4Catalysis material, and under visible light illumination With good photolysis water hydrogen activity.The present invention has raw material cheap and easy to get, and simple process, less energy consumption is at low cost, convenient for big Batch production, and it is nontoxic, meet energy-saving and environment-friendly requirement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Tauc of the present invention figure, shows to change g-C by uracil modification3N4Band gap width.Wherein pure g- C3N4Band gap width is 2.75eV, and the g-C after 75mg is modified3N4Band gap width is compared to pure g-C3N4It reduces 0.13eV。
Fig. 2 is stable state PL of the present invention test, can see that the g-C of 0.075mg modification from figure3N4Fluorescence intensity is most weak, table Bright photo-generated carrier can be efficiently separated, and then can significantly increase photocatalytic activity.
Fig. 3 is the XRD spectra of sample prepared by 1-3 of the embodiment of the present invention, and 13 ° in figure, 27 ° of diffraction maximums correspond to g-C3N4 (100), (002) crystal face, it is substantially consistent with standard card, illustrate through the modified g-C of uracil3N4Basic structure does not have Obviously it is destroyed.
Fig. 4 is the UV-vis DRS absorption spectrum (UV-Vis) of sample prepared by 1-3 of the embodiment of the present invention, with urine The increase of pyrimidine, sample have apparent Red Shift Phenomena, wherein the g-C of 0.075g uracil modification3N4Photoresponse ability is best, Near infrared region can be reached.
Fig. 5 is the effect picture of sample photochemical catalyzing under visible light conditions prepared by 1-3 of the embodiment of the present invention.In figure It can be seen that unmodified g-C3N4Hydrogen generation efficiency is lower, obviously increases as the increase of uracil produces hydrogen activity.However work as uracil After 0.075g, hydrogen generation efficiency is reduced, this is because excessive uracil addition may destroy g-C3N4Structure.Wherein The g-C of 0.075g modification3N4Hydrogen generation efficiency is up to 1003.94 μm of olh-1·g-1, about unmodified g-C3N44.13 times.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to examples, so that those skilled in the art more fully understand this hair It is bright, but the invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Step 1: weighing 3.0g dicyanodiamine and be placed in agate mortar, grind 5min, obtain uniform sample A.
Step 2: weighing 0.05g uracil and 3.0g dicyanodiamine is placed in agate mortar, grind 5min, mixture transfer To the beaker of 50mL, the distilled water of 15mL is added, ultrasonic 5min obtains white suspension after evenly mixing, then retransfers To the reaction kettle of 50mL, for 24 hours with 373K thermotonus.Presoma is taken out and is put into vacuum oven after reaction and is done Dry 12h obtains sample B.
Step 3: sample A and sample B being transferred to respectively in the round crucible of the 50mL of capping, are horizontally placed at Muffle furnace In, Muffle furnace is warming up to 550 DEG C with the heating rate of 2.3 DEG C/min, and react 4h at such a temperature, it is waited to naturally cool to Room temperature respectively obtains sample A1And B1
Step 4: respectively by sample A1And B1It is transferred in agate crucible, grinds 5min, finally respectively obtain pure g-C3N4 The g-C of (being denoted as CNB) and 0.05g uracil modification3N4(it is denoted as CNU0.05)。
Embodiment 2
Step 1: weighing 3.0g dicyanodiamine and be placed in agate mortar, grind 5min, obtain uniform sample A.
Step 2: weighing 0.075g uracil and 3.0g dicyanodiamine is placed in agate mortar, grind 5min, mixture turns It moves in the beaker of 50mL, the distilled water of 15mL is added, ultrasonic 5min obtains white suspension after evenly mixing, then turns again It moves in the reaction kettle of 50mL, for 24 hours with 373K thermotonus.Presoma is taken out after reaction and is put into vacuum oven Dry 12h, obtains sample B.
Step 3: sample A and sample B being transferred to respectively in the round crucible of the 50mL of capping, are horizontally placed at Muffle furnace In, Muffle furnace is warming up to 550 DEG C with the heating rate of 2.3 DEG C/min, and react 4h at such a temperature, it is waited to naturally cool to Room temperature respectively obtains sample A1And B1
Step 4: respectively by sample A1And B1It is transferred in agate crucible, grinds 5min, finally respectively obtain pure g-C3N4 The g-C of (being denoted as CNB) and 0.075g uracil modification3N4(it is denoted as CNU0.075)。
Embodiment 3
Step 1: weighing 3.0g dicyanodiamine and be placed in agate mortar, grind 5min, obtain uniform sample A.
Step 2: weighing 0.10g uracil and 3.0g dicyanodiamine is placed in agate mortar, grind 5min, mixture transfer To the beaker of 50mL, the distilled water of 15mL is added, ultrasonic 5min obtains white suspension after evenly mixing, then retransfers To the reaction kettle of 50mL, for 24 hours with 373K thermotonus, presoma is taken out to be put into vacuum oven after reaction and be done Dry 12h obtains sample B.
Step 3: sample A and sample B are transferred to respectively in the round crucible of the 50mL of capping and are horizontally placed in Muffle furnace, Muffle furnace is warming up to 550 DEG C with the heating rate of 2.3 DEG C/min, and reacts 4h at such a temperature, it is waited to naturally cool to room Temperature respectively obtains sample A1And B1
Step 4: respectively by sample A1And B1It is transferred in agate crucible, grinds 5min, finally respectively obtain pure g-C3N4 The g-C of (being denoted as CNB) and 0.10g uracil modification3N4(it is denoted as CNU0.10)。
Embodiment 1-3 is controlled in dicyanodiamine is added different amounts of uracil, is obtained by schiff base reaction and copolymerization The g-C of different quality uracil modification3N4, under visible light (λ > 420nm) irradiation, series product is investigated respectively in identical catalysis Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Production performance under conditions of dosage (50mg) and identical co-catalyst (3wt.%Pt).Photocatalysis is urinated on a small quantity as the result is shown G-C can be significantly improved after pyrimidine processing3N4Photocatalytic activity.The photocatalysis in addition, 0.075g uracil processing product is put up the best performance Activity, hydrogen-producing speed is up to 1003.94 μm of olh-1·g-1, about unmodified g-C3N44.13 times.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of g-C of high catalytic performance3N4Preparation method, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows: by dicyanodiamine and urine Pyrimidine is mixed, and distilled water is added, and ultrasound mixes well it, obtains white suspension liquid mixture, mixture is transferred to Reaction, gained presoma drying for standby in reaction kettle;By the presoma after drying, it is placed in calcining in Muffle furnace, is obtained after grinding The g-C of high catalytic performance3N4
2. a kind of g-C of high catalytic performance as described in claim 13N4Preparation method, which is characterized in that the dicyan two The mass ratio of amine and uracil are as follows: 3:0.05-0.1.
3. a kind of g-C of high catalytic performance as claimed in claim 23N4Preparation method, which is characterized in that the dicyan two The mass ratio of amine and uracil are as follows: 3:0.075.
4. a kind of g-C of high catalytic performance as described in claim 13N4Preparation method, which is characterized in that the dicyan two The mass volume ratio of amine and distilled water are as follows: 3g:15mL.
5. a kind of g-C of high catalytic performance as described in claim 13N4Preparation method, which is characterized in that it is described ultrasound when Between be 5min.
6. a kind of g-C of high catalytic performance as described in claim 13N4Preparation method, which is characterized in that reaction temperature Degree is 373K, and the reaction time is for 24 hours.
7. a kind of g-C of high catalytic performance as described in claim 13N4Preparation method, which is characterized in that the drying refers to Dry 12h is placed in vacuum oven.
8. a kind of g-C of high catalytic performance as described in claim 13N4Preparation method, which is characterized in that the calcining is Refer to and be warming up to 550 DEG C with the heating rate of 2.3 DEG C/min, calcines 4h.
9. the g-C of the high catalytic performance of method preparation as described in claim 13N4Purposes, which is characterized in that be used for visible light Photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen manufacturing.
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