CN108919329A - A kind of closed loop measurement is emanated the method and apparatus of medium precipitation rate of radon - Google Patents

A kind of closed loop measurement is emanated the method and apparatus of medium precipitation rate of radon Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108919329A
CN108919329A CN201810487713.3A CN201810487713A CN108919329A CN 108919329 A CN108919329 A CN 108919329A CN 201810487713 A CN201810487713 A CN 201810487713A CN 108919329 A CN108919329 A CN 108919329A
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gas
radon
gathering mask
pressure chamber
equal pressure
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CN108919329B (en
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叶勇军
王忠琨
陈光玲
黄俊尧
丁德馨
钟永明
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University of South China
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01TMEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/167Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination

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Abstract

It emanates the method and apparatus of medium precipitation rate of radon the invention discloses a kind of closed loop measurement, this approach includes the following steps:(1) gas pump is opened, is Q by the flow that flow regulator control enters gas equal pressure chamber;The radon consistence C in external environment is measured with emanometer0As gas gathering mask in zero moment t0Radon consistence be C0, when starting to measure the radon consistence in gas gathering mask, every excessively identical time interval Δ T successively records the radon consistence C inscribed at this time1、C2、......、Cn(n≥5);(2) differential equation is fitted using above-mentioned measured valueSolution, then calculate precipitation rate of radon J.Precipitation rate of radon and equivalent decay constant can be obtained with the method before radon consistence balance, with the advantage that the time is short, calculating is quasi-.

Description

A kind of closed loop measurement is emanated the method and apparatus of medium precipitation rate of radon
Technical field
Emanate the method and apparatus of medium precipitation rate of radon the present invention relates to a kind of closed loop measurement, in particular to it is a kind of Grain accumulation type is emanated the method for generating the seepage apparatus of flow-controllable in medium and determining precipitation rate of radon under seepage flow-diffusion, Belong to technical field of nuclear radiation measurement.
Background technique
Radon is a kind of inertia radio gas, colorless and odorless, is widely present in rock, in soil and groundwater.It defends the world Radon is classified as 19 kinds of main environmental carcinogenesis substances by raw tissue (WHO), and precipitation rate of radon is to evaluate medium release radon ability of emanating Physical quantity, reasonable scientific measurement precipitation rate of radon and Precipitation Behavior are domestic and foreign scholars' research hotspots.
Since the Radon eduction amount in natural environment in medium is smaller, domestic and foreign scholars generally use accumulative measuring medium table Face precipitation rate of radon, the gas gathering mask for using a volume fixed tip upside down on dielectric surface Collection of radon of emanating, and recycle related inspection It surveys instrument and mathematical processing methods estimates the precipitation rate of radon of dielectric surface, Local Static Method open loop type has been developed with this Survey radon, closed loop surveys three kinds of measurement methods of radon and active carbon adsorption.For closed loop survey radon, be gas gathering mask is closed, lead to It crosses the radon consistence monitored in gas gathering mask and carries out precipitation rate of radon calculating, and open loop type surveys radon technology, then is to survey radon base in closed loop It on plinth, is open to gas gathering mask, air inlet is set with balancing gas collecting cover pressure difference, gas gathering mask is avoided to generate negative pressuren zone.It is Chinese special Sharp document discloses a kind of " method that closed loop continuously measures precipitation rate of radon " (application number:201410203811.1) invention it is special Benefit, the patent of invention disclose a kind of method that closed loop continuously measures precipitation rate of radon.The gas gathering mask of the invention does not have air pressure flat Heng Kou has ignored seepage flow item when calculating so limit the seepage flow of radon, experimental results be it is inaccurate, and it is actual Porous media Radon eduction mechanism is inconsistent.And to wait when radon consistence tends to balance in gas gathering masks and can just use the method, no Effective Decay Constant and precipitation rate of radon can be quickly obtained.
For this purpose, the present invention proposes the calculation method of the precipitation rate of radon under seepage flow-diffusion, proposed through the invention Method can quickly determine under seepage flow-diffusion that particle packing type is emanated radon eduction rate on medium furface, and can determine that Precipitation rate of radon under pure diffusion.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming existing above-mentioned technical deficiency, providing one kind can emanate Jie in particle packing type The method for generating the seepage apparatus of flow-controllable in matter and calculating precipitation rate of radon under seepage flow-diffusion.
Present invention solves the technical problem that being:Simplify measurement and the technical process of precipitation rate of radon;Improve precipitation rate of radon measurement Accuracy rate.
The technical scheme is that providing a kind of method that medium precipitation rate of radon is emanated in closed loop measurement, this method makes The measurement of precipitation rate of radon is carried out with following device:
The device includes emanometer, the testing column for containing medium to be measured of emanating, and sets gas gathering mask above testing column, is surveyed Radon instrument is connected to gas gathering mask and constitutes closed circuit by tracheae, and the hole being connected to external environment is set in the upper surface of gas gathering mask, Gas equal pressure chamber is set below testing column, gas equal pressure chamber connects gas pump by tracheae, between gas equal pressure chamber and gas pump Tracheae be equipped with flow regulator;
This approach includes the following steps:
(1) gas pump is opened, is Q by the flow that flow regulator control enters gas equal pressure chamber;It is measured with emanometer Radon consistence C in external environment out0As gas gathering mask in zero moment t0The radon consistence of (when t=0) is C0, when start measure gas collection When radon consistence in cover, every excessively identical time interval Δ T successively records the radon consistence C inscribed at this time1、C2、......、Cn(n ≥5);Preferably n=5-20, it is highly preferred that n=6-10.
(2) the following differential equation is fitted using above-mentioned measured value's Solution calculates precipitation rate of radon J;
Wherein, C is radon consistence in gas gathering mask, unit Bq/m3;T is the time of Radon eduction, unit s;V is emanometer With the total volume of closed circuit where gas gathering mask, unit m3;S is the floor space of gas gathering mask, unit m2;λ1For the decay of radon Constant, unit s-1;λ2For slip, unit s-1;λ3For back-diffusion coefficient, unit s-1;Q is gas flow flow, single Position is m3/s;J is radon eduction rate on medium furface of emanating, and unit is Bq (m-2·s-1);
Radon consistence C in gas gathering mask is variable, can directly measure specific value by analyzer;The time t of Radon eduction is to become Amount, initial time 0s;For specific device, V and S are known quantitative;J is unknown quantitative;λ 1+ λ 2+ λ 3 is unknown fixed Amount;The gas flow of gas flow flow Q, i.e. gas pump setting, can be directly obtained by gas flowmeter, generally be set in experiment For fixed amount.
It is obtained by solving the above-mentioned differential equation:
Enable λe123, then
It enablesThen C=a+ (C0-a)e-bt
The radon consistence value C that the measurement of radon consistence in gas gathering mask is obtained by interval delta T at the same time1、 C2、......、Cn, by C (t)=a+ (C0-a)e-btEquation is fitted, and obtains the value of a and b, and the value of a and b is substituted into, meter Calculate λeAnd J,Wherein C (t) indicates functional relation of the C about t.
Closed circuit is by filter device, drying tube, gas flowmeter, emanometer and gas gathering mask where emanometer and gas gathering mask It is constituted in such a way that tracheae is sequentially connected in series, the total volume V of closed circuit is the sum of the volume (including tracheae) of each section.
Preferably, medium of emanating is graininess;Grain diameter 1-5mm.Column internal diameter 150-250mm is tested, testing column is built-in The height for having medium of emanating is 0.8-1.5m.
Preferably, medium of emanating is uranium ore particle.
Preferably, gas flow flow Q is 150-300ml/min.
Preferably, time interval Δ T is 8-20 minutes.
Hole is used for air pressure balance, i.e., is discharged after gas pump air inlet by the hole of gas gathering mask upper surface, realizes the balance of air pressure.
The present invention also provides emanating the device of medium precipitation rate of radon for closed loop measurement, including emanometer, for containing The testing column of medium to be measured of emanating, gas gathering mask is set above testing column, and emanometer is connected to and is constituted with gas gathering mask by tracheae and closed Close circuit, which is characterized in that the hole being in communication with the outside is set in the upper surface of gas gathering mask, and gas equal pressure chamber is set below testing column, Gas equal pressure chamber connects gas pump by tracheae, and the tracheae between gas equal pressure chamber and gas pump is equipped with flow regulator.
Preferably, gas flowmeter is equipped on tracheae.
Preferably, gas equal pressure chamber is equipped with air inlet, and gas pump is connected to by tracheae with air inlet, and air inlet is located at gas The side or bottom surface of body equal pressure chamber.
Preferably, in gas equal pressure chamber filler particles shape filler, air inlet is located at the bottom surface of gas equal pressure chamber.
Preferably, the closed circuit uses gas by filter device, drying tube, gas flowmeter, emanometer and gas gathering mask The mode that pipe is sequentially connected in series is constituted.
Preferably, the area in the hole accounts for the 5-10% of the top surface area of gas gathering mask.
Preferably, testing column is the fixed cylinder of cross-sectional area.
Closed circuit of the invention is exactly the meaning of closed loop, i.e. emanometer is sampled from gas gathering mask and detected, and has been detected Gas later still is returned in gas gathering mask, forms a closed circuit.
Advantages of the present invention:It can be emanated in particle packing type using apparatus of the present invention and generate stably and controllable gas in medium Body seepage flow, and in the case where not influencing seepage flow, the method proposed through the invention can quickly determine that seepage flow-diffusion is made It is emanated radon eduction rate on medium furface with lower particle packing type, and the present invention also can determine the precipitation rate of radon under pure diffusion. Precipitation rate of radon and equivalent decay constant can be obtained with the method before radon consistence balance, it is short, calculating standard with the time Advantage.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the device figures of precipitation rate of radon under measurement seepage state.
Label declaration:1- filter device, 2- drying tube, 3- gas flowmeter, the hole 4-, 5- emanometer, 6- gas gathering mask, 8- gas Body equal pressure chamber, 9- air inlet, 10- gas pump, 11- flow regulator.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
It emanates the precipitation rate of radon measuring method and its device of medium the present embodiment provides a kind of in particle packing type.
The structure chart of device is as shown in Figure 1, include emanometer 5, the testing column 7 for containing medium to be measured of emanating, test The top of column 7 sets gas gathering mask 6, and emanometer 5 is connected to gas gathering mask 6 and constitutes closed circuit by tracheae, the closed circuit by Filter device 1, drying tube 2, gas flowmeter 3, emanometer 5 are constituted in such a way that tracheae is sequentially connected in series with gas gathering mask 6.Collecting The upper surface of gas hood 6 sets the hole 4 being in communication with the outside, and the lower section of testing column 7 sets gas equal pressure chamber 8, and gas equal pressure chamber 8 passes through tracheae Gas pump 10 is connected, the tracheae between gas equal pressure chamber 8 and gas pump 10 is equipped with flow regulator 11.In gas equal pressure chamber 8 Equipped with air inlet 9, gas pump 10 is connected to by tracheae with air inlet 9, and air inlet 9 is located at the side of gas equal pressure chamber 8.Gas is equal Pressure chamber 8 is cavity, and the contact surface of gas equal pressure chamber 8 and testing column 7 is equipped with the diaphragm that can be breathed freely, and the medium that prevents from emanating is fallen, Testing column 7 is cylindrical body.
Gas equal pressure chamber 8 is placed on level land, and is connect with hose with gas flowmeter 3, gas pump 10, adjuster 11, It is that 200mm testing column 7 is placed in gas equal pressure chamber 8 interior diameter, the uranium ore particle natural air drying and partial size less than 5mm fills Enter in testing column 7, filling rear ore particles height is about 1m.Again by filter device 1, drying tube 2, gas flowmeter 3, emanometer 5 are connected with gas gathering mask 6 with hose.
The measurement of radon consistence
The totality of filter device 1, drying tube 2, emanometer 5, gas gathering mask 6 and plastic flexible pipe composition closed circuit is measured in advance Product V is about 5.41L.Emanometer is used to measure the radon consistence in indoor environment as C0.Percolation flow velocity regulation device and testing column 7 It fixes, the product of the cross-sectional area of the percolation flow velocity according to needed for testing column and testing column 7 calculates seepage discharge, passes through adjuster 11 The flow that control enters gas equal pressure chamber 8 is 200ml/min, and gas pump is successively at the uniform velocity pumped into extraneous gas and is trying It tests and generates stable gas flow in column 7.
Open emanometer 5 and measure radon consistence in gas gathering mask, then from mistake every after beginning 10 minutes when in gas gathering mask The radon consistence value C that the measurement of radon consistence obtains1、C2、......、Cn(n≥5)。
Measurement obtains indoor radon concentration C0Value is 30Bq/m3
Radon consistence C inside gas gathering masknThe results are shown in Table 1:
Radon consistence C in 1 gas gathering mask of tablen
The calculating of precipitation rate of radon
Under gas flow-diffusion, the radon consistence in gas gathering mask can be represented by the following formula:
Wherein:C is radon consistence in gas gathering mask, Bq/m3;V is the volume of gas gathering mask, m3.S is the floor space of gas gathering mask, m2; λ1For the decay coefficient of radon, s-1;λ2For slip, s-1;λ3For back-diffusion coefficient, s-1;Q is gas flow flow, m3/s;J is It emanates radon eduction rate on medium furface, unit is Bq (m-2·s-1)
Above formula abbreviation obtains:
Solve obtaining for the above-mentioned differential equation:
Wherein:C0For the radon consistence of initial time gas gathering mask, Bq/m3
Enable λe123
Then
It enables
Then C=a+ (C0-a)e-bt (5)
With gas gathering mask in zero moment (t0=0) radon consistence C0, it is identical as the radon consistence value in ambient atmosphere, use emanometer Measure the radon consistence C in environment0, when starting to monitor the radon consistence in gas gathering mask, every excessively identical time interval Δ T, successively The radon consistence C of record at this time1、C2、......、Cn(n≥5)。
With least square method, the radon that the measurement of radon consistence in gas gathering mask is obtained by interval delta T at the same time Concentration value C1、C2、......、Cn(n >=5), by C (t)=a+ (C0-a)e-btIt is fitted, obtains the value of a and b, and will be worth generation Enter in (5) and obtains:
The data of table 1 are pressed into C (t)=a+ (C0-a)e-btIt is fitted, fitting result is shown in Table 2.
Parameter fitting in 2 formula of table
a(Bq/m3) b(s-1) Regression coefficient R2
23030 0.0011116 0.9781
Then the data of table 2 are substituted into formula (6) provided by the invention, (7) obtain particle packing type and emanate the radon of medium Eduction rate J and equivalent decay constant λ, the results are shown in Table 3.Wherein, v indicates seepage velocity.
3 precipitation rate of radon of table and equivalent diffusivity
J(Bq·m-2s-1) λ(s-1) Q(ml/min) v(m/s)
2.56 5.0036e-05 200 0.0001061

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of method of medium precipitation rate of radon 1. closed loop measurement is emanated, which is characterized in that this method is carried out using following device The measurement of precipitation rate of radon:
    The device includes emanometer, the testing column for containing medium to be measured of emanating, and sets gas gathering mask, emanometer above testing column Closed circuit is connected to and constituted with gas gathering mask by tracheae, the hole being connected to external environment is set in the upper surface of gas gathering mask, is tested Gas equal pressure chamber is set below column, gas equal pressure chamber connects gas pump by tracheae, the gas between gas equal pressure chamber and gas pump Pipe is equipped with flow regulator;
    This approach includes the following steps:
    (1) gas pump is opened, is Q by the flow that flow regulator control enters gas equal pressure chamber;It is measured with emanometer outer Radon consistence C in boundary's environment0As gas gathering mask zero moment radon consistence be C0, when starting to measure the radon consistence in gas gathering mask, Every excessively identical time interval Δ T, successively records the radon consistence C inscribed at this time1、C2、......、Cn(n≥5);
    (2) the following differential equation is fitted using above-mentioned measured valueSolution, meter Calculate precipitation rate of radon J;
    Wherein, C is radon consistence in gas gathering mask, unit Bq/m3;T is the time of Radon eduction, unit s;V is emanometer and gas collection The total volume of closed circuit, unit m where cover3;S is the floor space of gas gathering mask, unit m2;J is dielectric surface radon analysis of emanating Extracting rate, unit are Bq (m-2·s-1);λ1For the decay coefficient of radon, unit s-1;λ2For slip, unit s-1;λ3Expand to be counter Dissipate coefficient, unit s-1;Q is gas flow flow, unit m3/s。
  2. 2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that solve the above-mentioned differential equation and obtain:
    Enable λe123, then
    It enablesThen C=a+ (C0-a)e-bt
    The radon consistence value C that the measurement of radon consistence in gas gathering mask is obtained by interval delta T at the same time1、C2、......、 Cn, by C (t)=a+ (C0-a)e-btEquation is fitted, and is obtained the value of a and b, and the value of a and b is substituted into, is calculated λeAnd J,
  3. 3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that closed circuit where emanometer and gas gathering mask by filter device, Drying tube, gas flowmeter, emanometer and gas gathering mask are constituted in such a way that tracheae is sequentially connected in series.
  4. 4. a kind of emanate the device of medium precipitation rate of radon for closed loop measurement, including emanometer (5), for containing to be measured emanate The testing column (7) of medium is set gas gathering mask (6) above testing column (7), and emanometer (5) is connected to simultaneously by tracheae with gas gathering mask (6) Constitute closed circuit, which is characterized in that the hole (4) being in communication with the outside is set in the upper surface of gas gathering mask (6), under testing column (7) Side is set gas equal pressure chamber (8), and gas equal pressure chamber (8) connects gas pump (10) by tracheae, gas equal pressure chamber (8) and gas pump (10) tracheae between is equipped with flow regulator (11).
  5. 5. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that be equipped with gas flowmeter (3) on tracheae.
  6. 6. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that gas equal pressure chamber (8) is equipped with air inlet (9), gas pump (10) it is connected to by tracheae with air inlet (9), air inlet (9) is located at the side or bottom surface of gas equal pressure chamber (8).
  7. 7. device as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the filler of the interior filler particles shape of gas equal pressure chamber (8), air inlet Positioned at the bottom surface of gas equal pressure chamber (8).
  8. 8. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the closed circuit is by filter device (1), drying tube (2), gas Flowmeter body (3), emanometer (5) and gas gathering mask (6) are constituted in such a way that tracheae is sequentially connected in series.
  9. 9. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the area of the hole (4) accounts for the 5- of the top surface area of gas gathering mask 10%.
  10. 10. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that testing column (7) is the fixed cylinder of cross-sectional area.
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CN109613590A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-04-12 衡阳师范学院 Closed loop two-stage method measures the device and method of radium concentration in water
CN109655862A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-19 衡阳师范学院 Closed loop static collection partial integration measures the device and method of radium concentration in water
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CN109655874A (en) * 2019-02-25 2019-04-19 衡阳师范学院 Scintillation chamber surveys radon device and method

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CN109613590A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-04-12 衡阳师范学院 Closed loop two-stage method measures the device and method of radium concentration in water
CN109655861B (en) * 2018-12-18 2022-06-07 衡阳师范学院 Method for measuring radium concentration in water in closed loop mode
CN109613590B (en) * 2018-12-18 2022-06-07 衡阳师范学院 Method for measuring radium concentration in water by closed-loop two-stage method
CN109655860A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-04-19 衡阳师范学院 The device and method of radium concentration in closed loop rapid survey water
CN109655869A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-19 衡阳师范学院 The device and method of radium concentration in two period of closed loop rapid survey water
CN109655864B (en) * 2018-12-21 2022-06-21 衡阳师范学院 Method for measuring radium concentration in water by Po-218 and Po-214 total counting closed-loop two-stage method
CN109655868A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-19 衡阳师范学院 The device and method of radium concentration in closed loop static collection rapid survey water
CN109655867A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-19 衡阳师范学院 The device and method of radium concentration in closed loop partial integration rapid survey water
CN109655865A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-19 衡阳师范学院 Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measure the device and method of radium concentration in water
CN109655866B (en) * 2018-12-21 2022-08-12 衡阳师范学院 Method for measuring radium concentration in water by closed-loop electrostatic collection two-stage method
CN109655863A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-19 衡阳师范学院 The square law device and method of radium concentration in two period measurement water of closed loop electrostatic collection
CN109655868B (en) * 2018-12-21 2022-08-02 衡阳师范学院 Method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water by closed-loop electrostatic collection method
CN109655866A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-19 衡阳师范学院 Closed loop electrostatic collection two-stage method measures the device and method of radium concentration in water
CN109655862A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-19 衡阳师范学院 Closed loop static collection partial integration measures the device and method of radium concentration in water
CN109655865B (en) * 2018-12-21 2022-06-21 衡阳师范学院 Method for measuring radium concentration in water in closed loop mode through total counting of Po-218 and Po-214
CN109655862B (en) * 2018-12-21 2022-06-21 衡阳师范学院 Method for partially integrating and measuring radium concentration in water by closed-loop electrostatic collection method
CN109655867B (en) * 2018-12-21 2022-06-21 衡阳师范学院 Method for quickly measuring radium concentration in water through closed-loop partial integration
CN109655864A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-19 衡阳师范学院 Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop two-stage method measure the device and method of radium concentration in water
CN109655869B (en) * 2018-12-21 2022-06-21 衡阳师范学院 Method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in closed-loop two-period mode
CN109541667A (en) * 2019-01-11 2019-03-29 南华大学 A kind of Radon eduction simulator and radon release rate method
CN109541667B (en) * 2019-01-11 2024-05-31 南华大学 Radon exhalation simulation device and radon exhalation rate measurement method
CN109655874A (en) * 2019-02-25 2019-04-19 衡阳师范学院 Scintillation chamber surveys radon device and method

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