CN108919329A - A kind of closed loop measurement is emanated the method and apparatus of medium precipitation rate of radon - Google Patents
A kind of closed loop measurement is emanated the method and apparatus of medium precipitation rate of radon Download PDFInfo
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- CN108919329A CN108919329A CN201810487713.3A CN201810487713A CN108919329A CN 108919329 A CN108919329 A CN 108919329A CN 201810487713 A CN201810487713 A CN 201810487713A CN 108919329 A CN108919329 A CN 108919329A
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
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Abstract
It emanates the method and apparatus of medium precipitation rate of radon the invention discloses a kind of closed loop measurement, this approach includes the following steps:(1) gas pump is opened, is Q by the flow that flow regulator control enters gas equal pressure chamber;The radon consistence C in external environment is measured with emanometer0As gas gathering mask in zero moment t0Radon consistence be C0, when starting to measure the radon consistence in gas gathering mask, every excessively identical time interval Δ T successively records the radon consistence C inscribed at this time1、C2、......、Cn(n≥5);(2) differential equation is fitted using above-mentioned measured valueSolution, then calculate precipitation rate of radon J.Precipitation rate of radon and equivalent decay constant can be obtained with the method before radon consistence balance, with the advantage that the time is short, calculating is quasi-.
Description
Technical field
Emanate the method and apparatus of medium precipitation rate of radon the present invention relates to a kind of closed loop measurement, in particular to it is a kind of
Grain accumulation type is emanated the method for generating the seepage apparatus of flow-controllable in medium and determining precipitation rate of radon under seepage flow-diffusion,
Belong to technical field of nuclear radiation measurement.
Background technique
Radon is a kind of inertia radio gas, colorless and odorless, is widely present in rock, in soil and groundwater.It defends the world
Radon is classified as 19 kinds of main environmental carcinogenesis substances by raw tissue (WHO), and precipitation rate of radon is to evaluate medium release radon ability of emanating
Physical quantity, reasonable scientific measurement precipitation rate of radon and Precipitation Behavior are domestic and foreign scholars' research hotspots.
Since the Radon eduction amount in natural environment in medium is smaller, domestic and foreign scholars generally use accumulative measuring medium table
Face precipitation rate of radon, the gas gathering mask for using a volume fixed tip upside down on dielectric surface Collection of radon of emanating, and recycle related inspection
It surveys instrument and mathematical processing methods estimates the precipitation rate of radon of dielectric surface, Local Static Method open loop type has been developed with this
Survey radon, closed loop surveys three kinds of measurement methods of radon and active carbon adsorption.For closed loop survey radon, be gas gathering mask is closed, lead to
It crosses the radon consistence monitored in gas gathering mask and carries out precipitation rate of radon calculating, and open loop type surveys radon technology, then is to survey radon base in closed loop
It on plinth, is open to gas gathering mask, air inlet is set with balancing gas collecting cover pressure difference, gas gathering mask is avoided to generate negative pressuren zone.It is Chinese special
Sharp document discloses a kind of " method that closed loop continuously measures precipitation rate of radon " (application number:201410203811.1) invention it is special
Benefit, the patent of invention disclose a kind of method that closed loop continuously measures precipitation rate of radon.The gas gathering mask of the invention does not have air pressure flat
Heng Kou has ignored seepage flow item when calculating so limit the seepage flow of radon, experimental results be it is inaccurate, and it is actual
Porous media Radon eduction mechanism is inconsistent.And to wait when radon consistence tends to balance in gas gathering masks and can just use the method, no
Effective Decay Constant and precipitation rate of radon can be quickly obtained.
For this purpose, the present invention proposes the calculation method of the precipitation rate of radon under seepage flow-diffusion, proposed through the invention
Method can quickly determine under seepage flow-diffusion that particle packing type is emanated radon eduction rate on medium furface, and can determine that
Precipitation rate of radon under pure diffusion.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming existing above-mentioned technical deficiency, providing one kind can emanate Jie in particle packing type
The method for generating the seepage apparatus of flow-controllable in matter and calculating precipitation rate of radon under seepage flow-diffusion.
Present invention solves the technical problem that being:Simplify measurement and the technical process of precipitation rate of radon;Improve precipitation rate of radon measurement
Accuracy rate.
The technical scheme is that providing a kind of method that medium precipitation rate of radon is emanated in closed loop measurement, this method makes
The measurement of precipitation rate of radon is carried out with following device:
The device includes emanometer, the testing column for containing medium to be measured of emanating, and sets gas gathering mask above testing column, is surveyed
Radon instrument is connected to gas gathering mask and constitutes closed circuit by tracheae, and the hole being connected to external environment is set in the upper surface of gas gathering mask,
Gas equal pressure chamber is set below testing column, gas equal pressure chamber connects gas pump by tracheae, between gas equal pressure chamber and gas pump
Tracheae be equipped with flow regulator;
This approach includes the following steps:
(1) gas pump is opened, is Q by the flow that flow regulator control enters gas equal pressure chamber;It is measured with emanometer
Radon consistence C in external environment out0As gas gathering mask in zero moment t0The radon consistence of (when t=0) is C0, when start measure gas collection
When radon consistence in cover, every excessively identical time interval Δ T successively records the radon consistence C inscribed at this time1、C2、......、Cn(n
≥5);Preferably n=5-20, it is highly preferred that n=6-10.
(2) the following differential equation is fitted using above-mentioned measured value's
Solution calculates precipitation rate of radon J;
Wherein, C is radon consistence in gas gathering mask, unit Bq/m3;T is the time of Radon eduction, unit s;V is emanometer
With the total volume of closed circuit where gas gathering mask, unit m3;S is the floor space of gas gathering mask, unit m2;λ1For the decay of radon
Constant, unit s-1;λ2For slip, unit s-1;λ3For back-diffusion coefficient, unit s-1;Q is gas flow flow, single
Position is m3/s;J is radon eduction rate on medium furface of emanating, and unit is Bq (m-2·s-1);
Radon consistence C in gas gathering mask is variable, can directly measure specific value by analyzer;The time t of Radon eduction is to become
Amount, initial time 0s;For specific device, V and S are known quantitative;J is unknown quantitative;λ 1+ λ 2+ λ 3 is unknown fixed
Amount;The gas flow of gas flow flow Q, i.e. gas pump setting, can be directly obtained by gas flowmeter, generally be set in experiment
For fixed amount.
It is obtained by solving the above-mentioned differential equation:
Enable λe=λ1+λ2+λ3, then
It enablesThen C=a+ (C0-a)e-bt;
The radon consistence value C that the measurement of radon consistence in gas gathering mask is obtained by interval delta T at the same time1、
C2、......、Cn, by C (t)=a+ (C0-a)e-btEquation is fitted, and obtains the value of a and b, and the value of a and b is substituted into, meter
Calculate λeAnd J,Wherein C (t) indicates functional relation of the C about t.
Closed circuit is by filter device, drying tube, gas flowmeter, emanometer and gas gathering mask where emanometer and gas gathering mask
It is constituted in such a way that tracheae is sequentially connected in series, the total volume V of closed circuit is the sum of the volume (including tracheae) of each section.
Preferably, medium of emanating is graininess;Grain diameter 1-5mm.Column internal diameter 150-250mm is tested, testing column is built-in
The height for having medium of emanating is 0.8-1.5m.
Preferably, medium of emanating is uranium ore particle.
Preferably, gas flow flow Q is 150-300ml/min.
Preferably, time interval Δ T is 8-20 minutes.
Hole is used for air pressure balance, i.e., is discharged after gas pump air inlet by the hole of gas gathering mask upper surface, realizes the balance of air pressure.
The present invention also provides emanating the device of medium precipitation rate of radon for closed loop measurement, including emanometer, for containing
The testing column of medium to be measured of emanating, gas gathering mask is set above testing column, and emanometer is connected to and is constituted with gas gathering mask by tracheae and closed
Close circuit, which is characterized in that the hole being in communication with the outside is set in the upper surface of gas gathering mask, and gas equal pressure chamber is set below testing column,
Gas equal pressure chamber connects gas pump by tracheae, and the tracheae between gas equal pressure chamber and gas pump is equipped with flow regulator.
Preferably, gas flowmeter is equipped on tracheae.
Preferably, gas equal pressure chamber is equipped with air inlet, and gas pump is connected to by tracheae with air inlet, and air inlet is located at gas
The side or bottom surface of body equal pressure chamber.
Preferably, in gas equal pressure chamber filler particles shape filler, air inlet is located at the bottom surface of gas equal pressure chamber.
Preferably, the closed circuit uses gas by filter device, drying tube, gas flowmeter, emanometer and gas gathering mask
The mode that pipe is sequentially connected in series is constituted.
Preferably, the area in the hole accounts for the 5-10% of the top surface area of gas gathering mask.
Preferably, testing column is the fixed cylinder of cross-sectional area.
Closed circuit of the invention is exactly the meaning of closed loop, i.e. emanometer is sampled from gas gathering mask and detected, and has been detected
Gas later still is returned in gas gathering mask, forms a closed circuit.
Advantages of the present invention:It can be emanated in particle packing type using apparatus of the present invention and generate stably and controllable gas in medium
Body seepage flow, and in the case where not influencing seepage flow, the method proposed through the invention can quickly determine that seepage flow-diffusion is made
It is emanated radon eduction rate on medium furface with lower particle packing type, and the present invention also can determine the precipitation rate of radon under pure diffusion.
Precipitation rate of radon and equivalent decay constant can be obtained with the method before radon consistence balance, it is short, calculating standard with the time
Advantage.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the device figures of precipitation rate of radon under measurement seepage state.
Label declaration:1- filter device, 2- drying tube, 3- gas flowmeter, the hole 4-, 5- emanometer, 6- gas gathering mask, 8- gas
Body equal pressure chamber, 9- air inlet, 10- gas pump, 11- flow regulator.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
It emanates the precipitation rate of radon measuring method and its device of medium the present embodiment provides a kind of in particle packing type.
The structure chart of device is as shown in Figure 1, include emanometer 5, the testing column 7 for containing medium to be measured of emanating, test
The top of column 7 sets gas gathering mask 6, and emanometer 5 is connected to gas gathering mask 6 and constitutes closed circuit by tracheae, the closed circuit by
Filter device 1, drying tube 2, gas flowmeter 3, emanometer 5 are constituted in such a way that tracheae is sequentially connected in series with gas gathering mask 6.Collecting
The upper surface of gas hood 6 sets the hole 4 being in communication with the outside, and the lower section of testing column 7 sets gas equal pressure chamber 8, and gas equal pressure chamber 8 passes through tracheae
Gas pump 10 is connected, the tracheae between gas equal pressure chamber 8 and gas pump 10 is equipped with flow regulator 11.In gas equal pressure chamber 8
Equipped with air inlet 9, gas pump 10 is connected to by tracheae with air inlet 9, and air inlet 9 is located at the side of gas equal pressure chamber 8.Gas is equal
Pressure chamber 8 is cavity, and the contact surface of gas equal pressure chamber 8 and testing column 7 is equipped with the diaphragm that can be breathed freely, and the medium that prevents from emanating is fallen,
Testing column 7 is cylindrical body.
Gas equal pressure chamber 8 is placed on level land, and is connect with hose with gas flowmeter 3, gas pump 10, adjuster 11,
It is that 200mm testing column 7 is placed in gas equal pressure chamber 8 interior diameter, the uranium ore particle natural air drying and partial size less than 5mm fills
Enter in testing column 7, filling rear ore particles height is about 1m.Again by filter device 1, drying tube 2, gas flowmeter 3, emanometer
5 are connected with gas gathering mask 6 with hose.
The measurement of radon consistence
The totality of filter device 1, drying tube 2, emanometer 5, gas gathering mask 6 and plastic flexible pipe composition closed circuit is measured in advance
Product V is about 5.41L.Emanometer is used to measure the radon consistence in indoor environment as C0.Percolation flow velocity regulation device and testing column 7
It fixes, the product of the cross-sectional area of the percolation flow velocity according to needed for testing column and testing column 7 calculates seepage discharge, passes through adjuster 11
The flow that control enters gas equal pressure chamber 8 is 200ml/min, and gas pump is successively at the uniform velocity pumped into extraneous gas and is trying
It tests and generates stable gas flow in column 7.
Open emanometer 5 and measure radon consistence in gas gathering mask, then from mistake every after beginning 10 minutes when in gas gathering mask
The radon consistence value C that the measurement of radon consistence obtains1、C2、......、Cn(n≥5)。
Measurement obtains indoor radon concentration C0Value is 30Bq/m3。
Radon consistence C inside gas gathering masknThe results are shown in Table 1:
Radon consistence C in 1 gas gathering mask of tablen
The calculating of precipitation rate of radon
Under gas flow-diffusion, the radon consistence in gas gathering mask can be represented by the following formula:
Wherein:C is radon consistence in gas gathering mask, Bq/m3;V is the volume of gas gathering mask, m3.S is the floor space of gas gathering mask, m2;
λ1For the decay coefficient of radon, s-1;λ2For slip, s-1;λ3For back-diffusion coefficient, s-1;Q is gas flow flow, m3/s;J is
It emanates radon eduction rate on medium furface, unit is Bq (m-2·s-1)
Above formula abbreviation obtains:
Solve obtaining for the above-mentioned differential equation:
Wherein:C0For the radon consistence of initial time gas gathering mask, Bq/m3。
Enable λe=λ1+λ2+λ3
Then
It enables
Then C=a+ (C0-a)e-bt (5)
With gas gathering mask in zero moment (t0=0) radon consistence C0, it is identical as the radon consistence value in ambient atmosphere, use emanometer
Measure the radon consistence C in environment0, when starting to monitor the radon consistence in gas gathering mask, every excessively identical time interval Δ T, successively
The radon consistence C of record at this time1、C2、......、Cn(n≥5)。
With least square method, the radon that the measurement of radon consistence in gas gathering mask is obtained by interval delta T at the same time
Concentration value C1、C2、......、Cn(n >=5), by C (t)=a+ (C0-a)e-btIt is fitted, obtains the value of a and b, and will be worth generation
Enter in (5) and obtains:
The data of table 1 are pressed into C (t)=a+ (C0-a)e-btIt is fitted, fitting result is shown in Table 2.
Parameter fitting in 2 formula of table
a(Bq/m3) | b(s-1) | Regression coefficient R2 |
23030 | 0.0011116 | 0.9781 |
Then the data of table 2 are substituted into formula (6) provided by the invention, (7) obtain particle packing type and emanate the radon of medium
Eduction rate J and equivalent decay constant λ, the results are shown in Table 3.Wherein, v indicates seepage velocity.
3 precipitation rate of radon of table and equivalent diffusivity
J(Bq·m-2s-1) | λ(s-1) | Q(ml/min) | v(m/s) |
2.56 | 5.0036e-05 | 200 | 0.0001061 |
Claims (10)
- A kind of method of medium precipitation rate of radon 1. closed loop measurement is emanated, which is characterized in that this method is carried out using following device The measurement of precipitation rate of radon:The device includes emanometer, the testing column for containing medium to be measured of emanating, and sets gas gathering mask, emanometer above testing column Closed circuit is connected to and constituted with gas gathering mask by tracheae, the hole being connected to external environment is set in the upper surface of gas gathering mask, is tested Gas equal pressure chamber is set below column, gas equal pressure chamber connects gas pump by tracheae, the gas between gas equal pressure chamber and gas pump Pipe is equipped with flow regulator;This approach includes the following steps:(1) gas pump is opened, is Q by the flow that flow regulator control enters gas equal pressure chamber;It is measured with emanometer outer Radon consistence C in boundary's environment0As gas gathering mask zero moment radon consistence be C0, when starting to measure the radon consistence in gas gathering mask, Every excessively identical time interval Δ T, successively records the radon consistence C inscribed at this time1、C2、......、Cn(n≥5);(2) the following differential equation is fitted using above-mentioned measured valueSolution, meter Calculate precipitation rate of radon J;Wherein, C is radon consistence in gas gathering mask, unit Bq/m3;T is the time of Radon eduction, unit s;V is emanometer and gas collection The total volume of closed circuit, unit m where cover3;S is the floor space of gas gathering mask, unit m2;J is dielectric surface radon analysis of emanating Extracting rate, unit are Bq (m-2·s-1);λ1For the decay coefficient of radon, unit s-1;λ2For slip, unit s-1;λ3Expand to be counter Dissipate coefficient, unit s-1;Q is gas flow flow, unit m3/s。
- 2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that solve the above-mentioned differential equation and obtain:Enable λe=λ1+λ2+λ3, thenIt enablesThen C=a+ (C0-a)e-bt;The radon consistence value C that the measurement of radon consistence in gas gathering mask is obtained by interval delta T at the same time1、C2、......、 Cn, by C (t)=a+ (C0-a)e-btEquation is fitted, and is obtained the value of a and b, and the value of a and b is substituted into, is calculated λeAnd J,
- 3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that closed circuit where emanometer and gas gathering mask by filter device, Drying tube, gas flowmeter, emanometer and gas gathering mask are constituted in such a way that tracheae is sequentially connected in series.
- 4. a kind of emanate the device of medium precipitation rate of radon for closed loop measurement, including emanometer (5), for containing to be measured emanate The testing column (7) of medium is set gas gathering mask (6) above testing column (7), and emanometer (5) is connected to simultaneously by tracheae with gas gathering mask (6) Constitute closed circuit, which is characterized in that the hole (4) being in communication with the outside is set in the upper surface of gas gathering mask (6), under testing column (7) Side is set gas equal pressure chamber (8), and gas equal pressure chamber (8) connects gas pump (10) by tracheae, gas equal pressure chamber (8) and gas pump (10) tracheae between is equipped with flow regulator (11).
- 5. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that be equipped with gas flowmeter (3) on tracheae.
- 6. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that gas equal pressure chamber (8) is equipped with air inlet (9), gas pump (10) it is connected to by tracheae with air inlet (9), air inlet (9) is located at the side or bottom surface of gas equal pressure chamber (8).
- 7. device as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the filler of the interior filler particles shape of gas equal pressure chamber (8), air inlet Positioned at the bottom surface of gas equal pressure chamber (8).
- 8. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the closed circuit is by filter device (1), drying tube (2), gas Flowmeter body (3), emanometer (5) and gas gathering mask (6) are constituted in such a way that tracheae is sequentially connected in series.
- 9. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the area of the hole (4) accounts for the 5- of the top surface area of gas gathering mask 10%.
- 10. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that testing column (7) is the fixed cylinder of cross-sectional area.
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CN109655865B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-06-21 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radium concentration in water in closed loop mode through total counting of Po-218 and Po-214 |
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CN109655867B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-06-21 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for quickly measuring radium concentration in water through closed-loop partial integration |
CN109655864A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-19 | 衡阳师范学院 | Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop two-stage method measure the device and method of radium concentration in water |
CN109655869B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-06-21 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in closed-loop two-period mode |
CN109541667A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-03-29 | 南华大学 | A kind of Radon eduction simulator and radon release rate method |
CN109541667B (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2024-05-31 | 南华大学 | Radon exhalation simulation device and radon exhalation rate measurement method |
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