CN108919046B - Power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence decision method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence decision method and a power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence decision system. The invention provides a reliable, scientific and fixed reference basis for the line trial stop sequence for the scheduling personnel, can quickly detect the fault circuit and ensure the line safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power dispatching, in particular to a power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence position decision method and a power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence position decision system.
Background
Single-phase ground faults are one of the most common faults in power distribution systems. The power distribution network with the indirectly-grounded neutral point has a single-phase grounding fault, the grounding current is small, the circuit breaker is protected from action, the control personnel are reminded by sending a grounding signal, and a fault line needs to be judged and isolated by adopting a manual pulling method according to line selection information. The influence of the ground fault on the system power supply is reduced, and the method is mainly realized by the following two aspects:
firstly, through the electrical quantity change characteristics of the earth fault, the earth fault line is identified to provide the information of the earth line. In a power distribution network with an ungrounded neutral point, a line selection device judges a grounded fault line by one of the following three principles.
1. Zero sequence current direction method. When the small current grounding system is in single-phase grounding, the zero sequence current of the grounding line is equal to the sum of the zero sequence currents of the non-fault lines of the same bus, and the directions are opposite. The directions of the zero sequence currents of all the lines of the grounding bus can be used as the basis for judging the grounding fault line.
2. According to the current injection method, when a neutral point indirect grounding system has a single-phase grounding fault, the current flow direction is tracked by injecting current, so that a grounding fault point can be detected, and a grounding fault interval is determined.
3. In the parallel medium resistance method, when a single-phase ground fault occurs in a neutral point indirect grounding system, a small resistor connected in parallel with an arc suppression coil is put into a neutral point for a short time, the small resistor connected in parallel forms a ground fault loop through a ground fault point, the fault current is increased, and a ground fault line can be detected.
And secondly, under the condition that the grounding line selection information is inaccurate, a trial stop line sequence is optimized, the pertinence of the trial stop line is improved, and the power failure of the line is reduced.
However, the line selection device only provides 1 possible grounding line through low-current information, the line selection accuracy is not high due to equipment aging, severe field environment and the like, and if the line selection information is wrong, blindness in the grounding test stop processing process and personal and equipment safety risks caused by overlong grounding time are still caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence decision method and a power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence decision system, and aims to solve the problems that when a ground fault occurs, a trial stop line is inaccurate, a trial stop sequence is selected blindly, the line is grounded for a long time, and potential safety hazards are high in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention discloses the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence decision method, which is used for carrying out sequence trial stop on remaining lines according to the sequence of the ground fault comprehensive measurement values from large to small after trial stop is carried out on a selected line and a no-load line in sequence and if a fault point is not determined yet.
Further, the calculation formula of the comprehensive measurement value M of the ground fault is
M＝w1m1+w2m2+w3m3
In the formula, m1For historical fault measure of the line, m2As a measure of the reactive power variation fault, m3For line structure fault measures, w1、w2And w3And the weights are the historical fault measurement value of the line, the reactive power change fault measurement value and the fault measurement value of the line structure respectively.
Further, the historical fault metric value m of the line1Is calculated by the formula
m1＝NfG+fT
fGFor the historical number of line earth faults, fTAnd N is a coefficient.
Further, the reactive power change fault measurement value m2The calculation process of (2) is as follows:
obtaining standard values of the active power and the reactive power of the distribution line at the moment t according to the average value of the historical data accumulation of the active power and the reactive power at the moment t;
when an earth fault occurs, calculating a change value of active power before and after the fault;
if the change value of the active power exceeds a first set value, m2Taking 0;
if the change value of the active power does not exceed the first set value, calculating the sudden drop amount of the reactive power at the fault moment;
if the amount of sudden drop is positive, m2Taking the relative values of the sudden drop amount, the reactive power variation at the fault moment and the reactive power variation difference at the previous moment of the fault;
if the amount of sudden drop is negative, m2Take 0.
Further, the specific process of obtaining the standard values of the active power and the reactive power of the distribution line at the time t according to the average value of the historical data accumulations of the active power and the reactive power at the time t is as follows:
acquiring values of active power and reactive power in a distribution line at fixed time intervals;
calculating the relative proportion of the active power change value and the reactive power change value at the time t;
if the relative proportion exceeds a second set value, eliminating the numerical values of the active power and the reactive power at the moment;
and if the relative proportion does not exceed the second set value, calculating and storing the accumulated average value of the active power and the reactive power at the moment, and taking the accumulated average value as the standard value of the active power and the reactive power of the distribution line at the moment t.
Further, the line structure fault measurement value m3Is calculated by the formula
m3＝NB*pov
NBNumber of branch lines, povIs the proportion of overhead lines in the whole line.
Further, according to the obtained m1、m2And m3In combination with the actual ground fault line, for the weight w1、w2And w3And carrying out self-adaptive adjustment.
Further, the pair of weights w1、w2And w3The specific process of the self-adaptive adjustment is as follows:
obtaining according to the measured value m1、m2And m3Respectively obtained fault trial stop bit nSE1、nSE2And nSE3And the actual ground fault line;
calculating the amount of change Δ w of the weighti＝nSEj/(nSE1+nSE2+nSE3) And i + j is 4;
according to the variation of the weight, for w1、w2And w3The self-adaptive adjustment is carried out, and the formula of the self-adaptive adjustment is as followswi＝vwi,+(1-v)Δwi；
v denotes the amplitude of each adjustment.
The invention also provides a power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence decision system which comprises a ground trial stop sequence decision module, wherein the ground trial stop sequence decision module is used for trial stop of the selected line and the no-load line in sequence during ground fault, and the ground trial stop sequence decision module is also used for performing sequence trial stop on the rest lines according to the sequence of the ground fault comprehensive measurement values from large to small.
Furthermore, the influence factors of the comprehensive earth fault measurement value comprise historical line faults, reactive power change faults and line structure faults, and the system further comprises a decision parameter adaptive feedback adjusting module, wherein the decision parameter adaptive feedback adjusting module is used for adjusting the weight of each influence factor of the comprehensive earth fault measurement value by combining with an actual earth fault line.
The effect provided in the summary of the invention is only the effect of the embodiment, not all the effects of the invention, and one of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
1. on the basis of the original line selection trial stopping firstly and then no-load line trial stopping, the size of the ground fault possibility of all the rest lines is determined according to the comprehensive measurement value of the ground fault, and the reasonable sequence of the trial stopping lines is listed. The reliable, scientific and fixed trial stop line reference basis is provided for dispatching personnel, the fault circuit can be rapidly checked, and the line safety is guaranteed.
2. According to the fault history of the lines, the line structure and the abnormal change condition of the electrical quantity during the fault, the size of the ground fault possibility of each line is quantitatively represented, and according to the size of the comprehensive measurement value of the ground fault, a corresponding trial stop line sequence is provided. The defect that multiple factors influencing the line ground fault cannot be comprehensively and quantitatively expressed is overcome.
3. A decision formula of the comprehensive measurement value of the earth fault is provided, a weight parameter self-adaptive feedback adjusting method is provided, and the weight parameters of relevant factors in the decision formula are adjusted according to actual earth information. So as to realize the self-adaptive adjustment of the decision formula according to the actual fault result. The accuracy of the line ground fault comprehensive measurement decision formula is continuously improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a logic diagram of the influence factors of the comprehensive measurement value of the ground fault and the trial stop sequence obtained according to the comprehensive measurement value according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase ground fault of a power distribution system of the present invention with a neutral point indirectly grounded;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the calculation of the cumulative average of the active power and the reactive power according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a reactive power change fault metric value m of the present invention2A calculation flowchart of (1);
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of the adaptive weight adjustment according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly explain the technical features of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. To simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Furthermore, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. It should be noted that the components illustrated in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques and procedures are omitted so as to not unnecessarily limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the grounding trial stop sequence decision module provides a grounding trial stop line sequence, and determines the magnitude of the grounding fault possibility of the remaining lines according to the grounding fault comprehensive measurement value thereof on the basis of the original first trial stop line selection and no-load line, and lists the reasonable sequence of the trial stop lines. The comprehensive measurement value of the earth faults of each line is determined by a decision formula according to the historical faults, structural faults, reactive power change faults and the like of the line. After the earth fault line is determined, the actual earth line information is fed back to the corresponding parameters of the decision formula through the decision parameter adaptive feedback adjustment module so as to continuously improve the accuracy of the decision formula.
In fig. 1, after receiving the ground fault information, the ground trial stop sequence decision module determines a line selection line according to the line selection information, and determines an idle line according to the line load information. And if the selected line and the grounding line behind the no-load line are not determined, the rest lines are sorted according to the grounding fault comprehensive measurement value. After the grounding circuit is determined according to the sequencing trial stop, the actual grounding circuit information is fed back to a decision parameter self-adaptive feedback adjusting module, the module adjusts the weight of the corresponding influence factor in the grounding fault measure function according to the actual grounding information, and assigns the adjusted parameter to a decision formula of the circuit. So as to realize the self-adaptive adjustment of the decision formula according to the actual fault result.
As shown in fig. 2, for each distribution line, an earth fault comprehensive measurement value representing the magnitude of the earth fault possibility is obtained, and the trial stop ranks of the corresponding lines are listed according to the magnitude of the earth fault comprehensive measurement value.
The line grounding comprehensive fault metric value M is composed of historical fault metric values (M)1) Reactive power change fault metric value (m)2) Line structure fault metric value (m)3) Given different weights (w)1、w2、w3) And weighted summation is carried out.
Namely, it is
M＝w1m1+w2m2+w3m3
To ensure the stability and w of the comprehensive measurement value M of the earth fault1、w2、w3Feasibility of adaptive adjustment, taking w1+w2+w3＝1。
Historical fault measurement value m for each fault line1Reactive power change fault measurement value m2And a line structure fault metric value m3 concrete calculation solving method, and w1、w2、w3The self-adaptive adjusting method comprises the following steps:
historical fault measuring value m of line fault1: get m1＝NfG+fTIn the formula fGFor the historical number of line earth faults, fTF is taken as the historical times of the line tripping faultGWeight fTN is greater than 5, indicating that the reference degree of the historical line-to-ground fault to the possibility of the line-to-ground fault is much greater than the trip fault.
FIG. 3 shows the earth fault in the case of a single-phase earth of a distribution system with an indirectly earthed neutral point, Z, C equivalent impedance and equivalent capacitance of the line, ZfIs a single-phase ground impedance ofCIs the capacitance current to ground of the corresponding line. After single-phase grounding, the grounding fault line increases the grounding fault current I flowing to the bus in the direction of the groundfAnd therefore reflects a sudden drop in reactive output for the ground fault line in terms of reactive distribution. The magnitude of the line ground fault potential is therefore characterized by contrasting the difference between the reactive variation of the distribution line (Δ QF) after a ground fault and the reactive fluctuation of the line (Δ Q) normally.
Reactive power change fault measurement value m2The calculation is completed by a data acquisition, screening and storage module. In general, the sampling interval of the dispatching automation system to the active power value, the reactive power value and the load value of the distribution line is 300s (5 min). Respectively taking the accumulated average value of the active power and the reactive power at a certain fixed time t every day as the standard value of the active power and the reactive power of the distribution line at the time t,as a reference for reactive line changes in the case of single-phase earth faults.
As shown in fig. 4, the active power P' (t) in the distribution line is obtained at regular time intervals before the calculation of the cumulative average of the active power and the reactive powernAnd reactive power Q' (t)nThe value of (d); calculating the relative proportion of the active power change value and the reactive power change value at the moment t, wherein the calculation formula is
If the relative proportion exceeds a second set value, rejecting the values of the active power and the reactive power at the moment, and keeping the accumulated average value unchanged, namely P (t)n＝P(t)n-1；Q(t)n＝Q(t)n-1(ii) a If the relative proportion does not exceed the second set value, calculating and storing the accumulated average value of the active power and the reactive power at the moment, wherein the calculation formulas of the accumulated average values of the active power and the reactive power at the moment t are respectively
And taking the accumulated average value as the standard values of the active power and the reactive power of the distribution line at the moment t. The second set value in this example is 1.2, i.e. based on
Screening of values was performed. P '(t), Q' (t)nRespectively showing the active power and the reactive power of the distribution line at the nth day t, P (t), Q (t)nAnd the active power and the reactive power values of the line after the accumulated average are shown.
As shown in fig. 5, when a ground fault occurs, the change value of the active power before and after the fault is calculated according to the obtained standard values of the active power and the reactive power of the distribution line at the time t, and the calculation formula of the change value of the active power is
If the change value of the active power exceeds the first set value, the reactive change is considered to be caused by the load when the change value of the active power exceeds the first set valueVariation is caused, not considering that m is caused by ground fault20 is taken, and the first set value is 1.5 in the embodiment, namely, the first set value satisfies
m2Taking 0; if the change value of the active power does not exceed the first set value, calculating the sudden drop amount of the reactive power at the fault moment, wherein the sudden drop amount delta QFIs calculated as Δ QF＝Q′(t-1)n-Q′(t)nIf the amount of sudden drop is positive, m is2Taking the relative values of the sudden drop amount, the reactive power variation at the fault moment and the reactive power variation difference at the moment before the fault, and if the sudden drop amount is negative, then m is2Take 0, i.e
Wherein Δ Q ═ Q (t-1)n-1-Q(t)n-1L. It should be noted that the value of m (Δ Q) shown in fig. 5, i.e., m in the decision formula2Value of (2) due to m2The value of (d) is a variable and is represented by m (Δ Q) in fig. 5.
Line structure fault measuring value m3: get m3＝NB*pov，NBNumber of branch lines, povIs the proportion of overhead lines in the whole line. The quantitative representation of the lines with a large proportion of overhead lines has a large possibility of ground faults.
As shown in fig. 6, after trial stop is performed according to the decision formula, the actual ground fault line and the fault metric values m of 3 influencing factors are combined1、m2、m3Degree of accuracy of, adjusting m1、m2、m3Weight values in the decision formula. The weighted value is increased with higher accuracy, and the weighted value is decreased with lower accuracy.
Respectively obtaining the values m according to the measurements1、m2And m3Respectively obtained fault trial stop bit nSE1、nSE2And nSE3Get the corresponding rank k1、k2、k3And the actual ground fault line; calculating the amount of change Δ w of the weightiThe formula is Δ wi＝nSEj/(nSE1+nSE2+nSE3) And i + j is 4, nSEjRepresentation and sequence nSEiAt nSE1、nSE2、nSE3Middle rank kiOpposite number of sequences, i.e. if kiWhen 1, then kj3; if k isiWhen 2, kj2; if k isiWhen 3, k j1. For example, for an actual ground fault line, if the trial pull sequence is 2 according to the line fault historical fault measurement value m 1; according to the reactive power change fault measuring value m2The trial sequence is 3; according to the fault measuring value m of the line structure3The trial sequence is 4; then Δ w1＝4/(2+3+4)；Δw2＝3/(2+3+4)；Δw3＝2/(2+3+4)；
According to the variation of the weight, for w1、w2And w3Carrying out self-adaptive adjustment, wherein the formula of the self-adaptive adjustment is wi＝vwi,+(1-v)Δwi；
v denotes the amplitude of each adjustment, 0<v<1。
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence decision method is characterized by comprising the following steps: after the line selection line and the no-load line are stopped in sequence, if the fault point is not determined, the rest lines are stopped in sequence according to the sequence of the comprehensive measurement values of the ground faults from large to small; the calculation formula of the comprehensive measurement value M of the ground fault is
M＝w1m1+w2m2+w3m3
In the formula, m1For historical fault measure of the line, m2As a measure of the reactive power variation fault, m3For line structure fault measures, w1、w2And w3Respectively weighing historical fault measurement values, reactive power change fault measurement values and line structure fault measurement values of the line;
the reactive power change fault measurement value m2The calculation process of (2) is as follows:
obtaining standard values of the active power and the reactive power of the distribution line at the moment t according to the average value of the historical data accumulation of the active power and the reactive power at the moment t;
when the earth fault occurs, calculating the change value of active power before and after the fault, P' (t)nAnd P (t)n-1Respectively representing the active power of the distribution line at the time t on the nth day and the active power of the line after the accumulative average;
if the variation value of the active power satisfies
Then m is2Taking 0;
otherwise, calculating the sudden drop quantity delta Q of the reactive power at the fault momentF；
If the amount of the sudden drop is positive, then
ΔQFAnd Δ Q respectively represent a sudden drop amount and a reactive fluctuation value of the reactive power at the fault time;
if the amount of sudden drop is negative, m2Take 0.
2. The power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence decision method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the historical fault measuring value m of the line1Is calculated by the formula
m1＝NfG+fT
fGFor the historical number of line earth faults, fTAnd N is a coefficient.
3. The power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence decision method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific process of obtaining the standard values of the active power and the reactive power of the distribution line at the moment t according to the average value accumulated by the historical data of the active power and the reactive power at the moment t is as follows:
acquiring active power P' (t) in the distribution line at regular time intervalsnAnd reactive power Q' (t)nThe value of (d);
calculating the relative proportion of the active power variation value and the reactive power variation value at the time t, Q' (t)nAnd Q (t)n-1Respectively representing the reactive power in the distribution line at the moment t on the nth day and the reactive power of the line after the average is accumulated;
if the relative proportions satisfy
Eliminating the numerical values of the active power and the reactive power at the moment;
otherwise, calculating and storing the accumulated average value of the active power at the moment
And the cumulative average of reactive power
And taking the accumulated average value as the standard values of the active power and the reactive power of the distribution line at the moment t.
4. The power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence decision method according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the line structure fault measurement value m3Is calculated by the formula
m3＝NB*pov
NBNumber of branch lines, povIs the proportion of overhead lines in the whole line.
5. The power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence decision method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: according to the obtained m1、m2And m3In combination with the actual ground fault line, for the weight w1、w2And w3And carrying out self-adaptive adjustment.
6. The power distribution network ground fault trial stop line sequence decision method according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: the pair weight w1、w2And w3The specific process of the self-adaptive adjustment is as follows:
obtaining according to the measured value m1、m2And m3Respectively obtained fault trial stop bit nSE1、nSE2And nSE3And the actual ground fault line;
calculating the amount of change Δ w of the weighti＝nSEj/(nSE1+nSE2+nSE3) And i + j is 4;
according to the variation of the weight, for w1、w2And w3The self-adaptive adjustment is carried out, and the formula of the self-adaptive adjustment is as follows
v denotes the amplitude of each adjustment.
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| PL3780304T3 (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2024-01-03 | Hitachi Energy Switzerland Ag | Handling of earth faults in high impedance grounded power systems |
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| CN106990332B (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2019-05-07 | 国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of method for locating single-phase ground fault based on power distribution network data processing |
| CN107329044B (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-08-04 | 国网江苏省电力公司徐州供电公司 | Power distribution network single-phase earth fault line selection method based on arc transient component |
| CN107561414B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-12-20 | 国家电网公司 | Line selection method and line selection system for rapidly finding out single-phase earth fault loop of small-current grounding system |
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