CN108919037A - Universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector and its detection method - Google Patents
Universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector and its detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108919037A CN108919037A CN201811181550.2A CN201811181550A CN108919037A CN 108919037 A CN108919037 A CN 108919037A CN 201811181550 A CN201811181550 A CN 201811181550A CN 108919037 A CN108919037 A CN 108919037A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/2801—Testing of printed circuits, backplanes, motherboards, hybrid circuits or carriers for multichip packages [MCP]
- G01R31/281—Specific types of tests or tests for a specific type of fault, e.g. thermal mapping, shorts testing
- G01R31/2812—Checking for open circuits or shorts, e.g. solder bridges; Testing conductivity, resistivity or impedance
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector and its detection methods, it include switchboard, it is distributed on switchboard I/O mouthfuls several, MCU component is connected on switchboard, MCU component transmission level signal is also connected with sampling component on switchboard, the output end of sampling component is connected with voltage follower to switchboard, voltage follower is connected with MCU component, and resistance threshold values comparison component, analog-digital chip are connected on MCU component.Thus, it is possible to which by MCU component programs auto judge, False Rate is low.Can constant pressure test short-circuit resistance value, detection angles are high.It can be realized the mode of global test and point-to-point test, accelerate the testing time.When actual implementation, netlist mode can be used, work efficiency is high, and the testing time is short.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of PCBA short circuit detector and its detection method more particularly to a kind of universal multichannels
PCBA short circuit detector and its detection method.
Background technique
The entire processing procedure that PCB hollow plate is welded by SMT piece uploading, DIP plug-in unit, abbreviation PCBA.Finished product PCBA due to SMT and
It does not ensure that the electronic component welding welded on PCBA is correct after the welding of DIP plug-in unit, for example will appear and lack weldering, rosin joint, short
Phenomena such as road.In order to pick out and repair undesirable PCBA from non-defective unit, reduces the heavy industry of subsequent handling and do over again
Probability is detected.
Existing detection mode substantially has the following two kinds：
1, manual testing, directly rely on visual cooperation multimeter, for point corresponding PCBA on carry out short-circuit test with
Judgement, whether the component mounter compared on confirmation PCB by this kind of method is normal, but due to electronic component number on every piece of PCBA
Measure various, and element is tiny, so that there are some functional defects to be not easy to be discovered, data also bad collection.When PCBA quantity
When huge, cost of labor is undoubtedly just directly increased, and this method is easy to appear erroneous judgement to manually strong according to lazyness.
2, automatic optics inspection (AOI), also referred to as automatic vision test, are carried out by special detector, before and after reflux
It uses, it is relatively good to the polarity check effect of component.It is easy to follow diagnosis, but this method is poor to short circuit identification.Furthermore
Equipment is expensive, and implementation cost is high.
In view of the above shortcomings, the designer, is actively subject to research and innovation, to found a kind of universal multichannel
PCBA short circuit detector and its detection method make it with more the utility value in industry.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detectors
And its detection method.
Universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector of the invention, includes switchboard, wherein：Divide on the switchboard
It is furnished with I/O mouthfuls several, MCU component is connected on the switchboard, MCU component transmission level signal is to switchboard, the switch
Sampling component is also connected on plate, the output end of the sampling component is connected with voltage follower, the voltage follower and MCU
Component is connected, and resistance threshold values comparison component, analog-digital chip are connected on the MCU component, and resistance threshold values compares component
Output end is connected with display.
Further, above-mentioned universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector, wherein the MCU component passes through constant pressure
Module is connected with switchboard.
Further, above-mentioned universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector, wherein the sampling component is sampling
The output end of resistance, the sampling resistor is connected with voltage follower.
Further, above-mentioned universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector, wherein the display is aobvious for LCD
Display screen.
Universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit comprising following steps：
Step 1, MCU component send instructions to analog-digital chip, and analog-digital chip is enabled to export constant voltage,
Step 2, MCU component transmission level signal are opened the I/O mouth for needing test short circuit in PCBA, are enabled constant to switchboard
Voltage enters the test point of PCBA by switchboard,
Step 3, voltage signal is after switchboard reaches sampling resistor, then through voltage follower, the ADC for reaching MCU is adopted
In sampling point,
Step 4, according to the resistance sizes of sampled point, comparison is with the presence or absence of short circuit.
Further, above-mentioned universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit, wherein in the step 1, digital-to-analogue turns
The primary voltage for changing chip output amplifies by constant pressure module, forms the constant voltage of amplification.
Further, above-mentioned universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit, wherein in the step 2, test
Pressure difference is generated between point, voltage signal feeds back to switchboard via test point.
Further, above-mentioned universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit, wherein in the step 3, MCU group
Part enables voltage signal fall on the ADC sampled point of MCU component by voltage follower.
Further, above-mentioned universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit, wherein described in the step 4
MCU component is calculated according to electric current equal principle when series connection, obtains the resistance value size of test point, by the resistance value with
Short circuit setting resistance threshold values compares, and judges that the point is sentenced with the presence or absence of short circuit if obtained resistance value is greater than resistance threshold values
It is disconnected to be in non-shorting state；If obtained resistance value is less than or is equal to resistance threshold values, judgement is in short-circuit condition.
Still further, above-mentioned universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit, wherein be disposed in step 4
Afterwards, related data is shown on LCD display.
According to the above aspect of the present invention, the present invention has at least the following advantages：
1, can be by MCU component programs auto judge, False Rate is low.
2, can constant pressure test short-circuit resistance value, detection angles are high.
3, it can be realized the mode of global test and point-to-point test, accelerate the testing time.
4, when actual implementation, netlist mode can be used, work efficiency is high, and the testing time is short.
5, circuit cross-species transferability, editable test point, after replacing test board, without being modified to circuit.
6, test result intuitive display is convenient for reference.
The above description is only an overview of the technical scheme of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that constant voltage output maximum value calculates circuit.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that constant voltage output minimum value calculates circuit.
Fig. 4 is the implementation process diagram of universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit.
The meaning of each appended drawing reference is as follows in figure.
1 switchboard 2MCU component
3 sampling component, 4 voltage follower
5 resistance threshold values compare 6 analog-digital chip of component
7 constant pressure module, 8 display
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail.Implement below
Example is not intended to limit the scope of the invention for illustrating the present invention.
It include switchboard 1 such as the universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector of Fig. 1 to 3, unusual is in
In：In order to carry out short-circuit test and judgement for point corresponding on PCBA, it is distributed on switchboard 1 I/O mouthfuls several.Meanwhile
In order to realize the detection of automation, MCU component 2 is connected on switchboard 1,2 transmission level signal of MCU component is to switchboard 1.And
And in order to realize high-precision sampling, sampling component 3 is also connected on switchboard 1.Also, in view of voltage signal may
Can be distorted, to promote effect of the sampling compared with subsequent, the output end of sampling component 3 of the present invention be connected with voltage with
With device 4.Specifically, it is connected in voltage follower 4 with MCU component 2.In order to realize the comparison of data, connect on MCU component 2
It is connected to resistance threshold values comparison component 5, analog-digital chip 6.Furthermore, it is contemplated that user knows current detecting state in time, also
It can be connected with display 8 in the output end that resistance threshold values compares component 5, convenient for observation.
From the point of view of a preferable embodiment of the invention, MCU component 2 is connected by constant pressure module 7 with switchboard 1, is protected
It is constant to demonstrate,prove voltage, promotion judges precision.Simultaneously, it is contemplated that the convenience of implementation, the sampling component 3 used is sampling resistor, sampling
The output end of resistance is connected with voltage follower 4.Furthermore, it is contemplated that the convenience of practical set, it can be by LCD display come structure
At display 8.
In order to promote implementation result of the invention, line provides a kind of universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit, special
Sign is to include the following steps：
Firstly, sending instructions to analog-digital chip by MCU component, analog-digital chip is enabled to export constant voltage.?
During this, the primary voltage of analog-digital chip output amplifies by constant pressure module, forms the constant voltage of amplification.
Due to MCU component ADC sampling when, sampled value MCU component reference voltage (i.e. reference voltage) 1/2 or so
When the value that measures it is more accurate, in order to realize more accurate voltage output, output voltage determines according to the following formula, reference
Circuit is as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3：
Reference/2 V_level=V
V (max)=V_level* (Rn+Rmin+Ry)/R
V (min)=V_level* (Rn+Rmax+Ry)/R
Constant voltage output Vtest=(V (max)+V (min))/2.
Later, by MCU component transmission level signal to switchboard, the I/O mouth of required test short circuit in PCBA is opened, is enabled
Constant voltage enters the test point of PCBA by switchboard.During actual implementation, tests between point and generate pressure difference, voltage letter
Number via test point feed back to switchboard.MCU component opens I/O mouthfuls relevant on switchboard at this time, forms test
Circuit, voltage signal can reach the ADC sample port of MCU component by the circuit.
Then, voltage signal obtains sample amplitude when reproduced after switchboard reaches sampling resistor, then through voltage follower.
From the point of view of actual implementation, MCU component enables voltage signal fall on the ADC sampled point of MCU component by voltage follower.Electricity
The voltage amplification factor perseverance of pressure follower is less than and close to 1, and its input impedance is high, and output impedance is low, prevents voltage signal from losing
Very, and buffer action is played, prevents switchboard damage or test point from introducing abnormal voltage, MCU is caused to burn.
Later, test point short-circuit resistance resistance value is calculated according to the sampling resistor size of sampled point, comparison is with the presence or absence of short
Road.Specifically, MCU component is calculated according to electric current equal principle when series connection, obtains the resistance value size of test point, will
The resistance value and short circuit setting resistance threshold values compare, and judge the point with the presence or absence of short circuit, if obtained resistance value is greater than
Resistance threshold values, then judgement is in non-shorting state；If obtained resistance value is less than or is equal to resistance threshold values, judgement is in
Short-circuit condition.
In order to which user more intuitively knows current detecting state, related data can be shown on LCD display
Out.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows：
As shown in figure 4, universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector is when in use, start to the short circuit in hardware cache
Test result s_result is zeroed out reset, and short-circuit NG quantity s_count is reset, and guarantees the test knot of the PCBA of a upper PCS
Fruit does not influence this test result.
Voltage Vup_out exports 0V, turns off the switch the point in all channels on plate, initializes, prevent out to test
When beginning to test, incoherent point is opened on switchboard, and is discharged constant pressure module, guarantees the output of constant pressure module
Voltage meets design voltage.
Then, the upper spot net value Upnet of current detection is initialized, Upnet=0.According to customer demand, if
Resistance threshold maximum value is Rtemp when fixed short circuit.Rtemp is substituted into test circuit and is calculated, sampled voltage when short circuit is obtained
Minimum threshold.Network gauge outfit Pin (upnet) assigns initial value 0, prepares for test below.Due to needing to test Uppin and being greater than
Pin greater than Uppin all in network are set as the next pin, institute with the presence or absence of short circuit by the pin in the all-network of Uppin
Test pin quantity USEDPINS-1 is set as with upper pin maximum quantity.
When upper pin is equal to test pin quantity USEDPINS-1, indicates that test is completed, judge test result at this time, if
Test result is equal to 0, then there is no short circuit, LCD liquid crystal display, test result OK, and have tested PCBA total quantity, OK number
Amount, the elements such as NG quantity facilitate the yield situation of user's statistic in PCB A.If test result is non-zero, there is short circuit, LCD is shown：
Test result NG has tested PCBA total quantity, the upper site NG and lower site and its resistance value, and user is facilitated to understand the yield feelings of CBA
The reason of condition, NG.
When upper pin (Uppin) is less than test pin quantity USEDPINS-1, indicate that test is in progress, under
One step.If network values locating for upper pin (Uppin) are 0, expression does not need to be tested or Upnet>=nets
When [uppin], indicate that network locating for current upper pin (Uppin) has been completed, then Uppin is then proceeded to from increasing 1
Judge whether to be less than test pin quantity USEDPINS-1.
If network values locating for upper pin (Uppin) are non-zero, and Upnet<Nets [uppin] then judges short-circuit
Whether number s_count is greater than the short-circuit maximum quantity (MAX_S_NUM) for needing to record, if more than, then it represents that this test exists
Short circuit, and short-circuit number is more, needs not continue to test, and only needs to record MAX_S_NUM at this time.
If judgement short circuit number s_count is less than in needing the short-circuit maximum quantity (MAX_S_NUM) that records, continue into
Row short-circuit detecting.The network values of Uppin are assigned to network gauge outfit Pin (upnet), then at feedback voltage sampling end (ADC)
It is switched to default sampling resistor, test circuit is switched to constant voltage output.
Then, the upper site analog switch of uppin is opened, such constant pressure reaches uppin by analog switch, simultaneously closes off
The lower site analog switch of uppin opens all lower site switches greater than in the net list nets of network gauge outfit Pin (upnet),
The ADC of MCU component in this way can sample the feedback voltage (mv) in lower site.
Voltage minimum threshold (V_level) when if feedback voltage (mv) is less than short circuit, judgement does not have short circuit, upper
Point uppin continues the short-circuit test of next uppin from increasing one.
If voltage minimum threshold (V_level) when feedback voltage (mv) is greater than or equal to short circuit, judgement have short circuit event
Occur, executes resistance measurement procedure.
Later, network gauge outfit Pin (upnet) plus 1 are assigned to the next spot net value (lownet) of current detection, for inspection
The resistance value for surveying two nexus is prepared, while the upper site uppin of current detection is added 1 bottom for being assigned to current detection
Point lowpin opens corresponding point for analog switch and prepares.
If lowpin is greater than or equal to USEDPINS, then it is assumed that the lower site of epicycle test has tested last one, on
Site uppin is from increasing 1, into next upper site pin test period.If lowpin is less than USEDPINS, then it is assumed that there are also need
Lowpin to be tested.
If nets [lowpin]<Lownet, then it represents that network nets [lowpin] is not in test scope, without surveying
Examination；Or when nets [lowpin]=0, indicates bottom lowpin, do not need to test.If first step is invalid again, then it is assumed that
It needs to measure, opens resistance test function, resistance value is carried out to uppin and lowpin and detects to obtain resistance value res.
If detection, which obtains resistance value res, is greater than setting resistance threshold Rtemp, determine not short between uppin and lowpin
Road.
If detection obtain resistance value res be less than or equal to setting resistance threshold Rtemp, determine uppin and lowpin it
Between exist short circuit, work as s_count<When MAX_S_NUM, array shBuf [s_count] is recorded in Uppin, lowpin, res
In, it shows and saves for subsequent data and prepare.
If s_count is greater than or equal to MAX_S_NUM, test quantity is enough, does not need recorded, then
By lowpin from increasing 1, prepare for the test period of next lowpin.
After short-circuit detecting, data in data buffer storage in shBuf [s_count] can be shown in LCD, Yi Jicun
It stores up in data disks and is used for customer analysis.
Netlist coding rule is as follows：
When the netlist value of corresponding pin is 0, without judgement.Netlist value is judged since 1, is successively judged.It is short
Drive test examination is judged between heterogeneous networks, to identical without judgement in netlist.
In test process, wherein pin1 needs to carry out short-circuit test with pin2, pin4, pin6, pin8 as upper pin,
Since pin1 and pin3, pin9 are in consolidated network so without short-circuit test；Pin5, pin7 network are 0, then are not involved in
Test.
Network 1 carries out network 2 after being completed and tests, and since pin3, since the corresponding network of pin3 is 1, is less than net
Network 2, so without test.The network of pin4 is 2, and identical as first pin network is all network 2, so pin4 is not involved in
Test.Pin5, pin7 network are 0, then are not involved in test.The network of pin6, pin8 are 3, are greater than current test network, so needing
Short-circuit test is carried out with pin2 with the head pin currently tested.The test order of other pin is once analogized.
If testing PCBA replaces next machine, it is only necessary to update netlist data, achieve the purpose that general.
It can be seen from the above written description and the attached drawings that after applying the present invention, gathering around and having the following advantages：
1, can be by MCU component programs auto judge, False Rate is low.
2, can constant pressure test short-circuit resistance value, detection angles are high.
3, it can be realized the mode of global test and point-to-point test, accelerate the testing time.
4, when actual implementation, netlist mode can be used, work efficiency is high, and the testing time is short.
5, circuit cross-species transferability, editable test point, after replacing test board, without being modified to circuit.
6, test result intuitive display is convenient for reference.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, it is noted that for this skill
For the those of ordinary skill in art field, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, can also make it is several improvement and
Modification, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector includes switchboard (1),
It is characterized in that：Be distributed on the switchboard (1) it is I/O mouthfuls several,
It being connected with MCU component (2) on the switchboard (1), MCU component (2) transmission level signal gives switchboard (1),
Sampling component (3) are also connected on the switchboard (1),
The output end of the sampling component (3) is connected with voltage follower (4),
The voltage follower (4) is connected with MCU component (2),
The comparison of resistance threshold values component (5), analog-digital chip (6), resistance threshold values contrast groups are connected on the MCU component (2)
The output end of part (5) is connected with display (8).
2. universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The MCU component
(2) it is connected by constant pressure module (7) with switchboard (1).
3. universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The sampling component
It (3) is sampling resistor, the output end of the sampling resistor is connected with voltage follower (4).
4. universal multichannel PCBA short circuit detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The display
It (8) is LCD display.
5. universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
Step 1, MCU component (2) send instructions to analog-digital chip (6), and analog-digital chip (6) is enabled to export constant voltage,
Step 2, MCU component (2) transmission level signal are given switchboard (1), and the I/O mouth that test short circuit is needed in PCBA is opened, and enable permanent
Constant voltage enters the test point of PCBA by switchboard (1),
Step 3, voltage signal obtain sampled point electricity after switchboard (1) reaches sampling resistor, then through voltage follower (4)
Pressure,
Step 4, according to the resistance sizes of sampled point, comparison is with the presence or absence of short circuit.
6. universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The step 1
In, the primary voltage of analog-digital chip (6) output amplifies by constant pressure module (7), forms the constant voltage of amplification.
7. universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The step 2
In, it tests between point and generates pressure difference, voltage signal feeds back to switchboard (1) via test point.
8. universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The step 3
In, enable voltage signal fall on the ADC sampled point of MCU component (2).
9. universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The step 4
In, the MCU component (2) calculates according to electric current equal principle when series connection, the resistance value size of test point is obtained, by this
Resistance value and short circuit setting resistance threshold values compare, and judge the point with the presence or absence of short circuit, if obtained resistance value is greater than electricity
Threshold values is hindered, then judgement is in non-shorting state；If obtained resistance value is less than or is equal to resistance threshold values, judgement is in short
Line state.
10. universal multichannel PCBA method for detecting short circuit according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Step everywhere
After reason, related data is shown on LCD display.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110109002A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-09 | 广州视源电子科技股份有限公司 | Method, device and system for testing capacitive screen control panel and storage medium |
| CN110687373A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-14 | 上海御渡半导体科技有限公司 | Detection structure and method of ATE system |
| CN114674488A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-28 | 深圳市森世泰科技有限公司 | Method and device for detecting pressure sensor semi-finished product in non-functional state |
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| CN114674488B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2024-06-07 | 深圳市森世泰科技有限公司 | Method and device for detecting semi-finished products of pressure sensors in nonfunctional state |
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