CN108915765B - Underground full tailing-waste stone paste filling system and filling method - Google Patents
Underground full tailing-waste stone paste filling system and filling method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/08—Filling-up hydraulically or pneumatically
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/08—Filling-up hydraulically or pneumatically
- E21F15/10—Hydraulic or pneumatic filling-up machines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of filling of metal ore full tailings paste, and particularly relates to an underground full tailings-waste stone paste filling system and a filling method, which are suitable for underground construction of a full tailings paste filling station and underground mining application of a filling mining method without pit discharge of waste stone during underground tunneling. The underground full-tailing-waste-stone paste filling system utilizes the existing underground chamber or tunnel engineering, can realize that underground tunneling waste stones do not need to be lifted to the ground surface for piling or treating any more, and simultaneously prepares the full-tailing of ore dressing into paste to fill a goaf, thereby reducing the piling amount of the tailings in a ground surface tailing pond, greatly saving the investment and the operation cost and improving the safety condition of mining operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of filling of metal ore full tailings paste, and particularly relates to an underground full tailings-waste stone paste filling system and a using method thereof, which are suitable for underground construction of a full tailings paste filling station and underground excavation of a filling mining method mine without pit discharge of waste stone.
Background
The full-tailing-waste-stone paste filling method is characterized in that low-concentration full-tailing mortar produced by a selecting factory is fully dehydrated and thickened, then is mixed and stirred with cementing materials such as cement and broken and screened mine driving waste stones to prepare paste materials with the characteristics of no layering, no segregation and no dehydration, and the paste materials are conveyed to an underground goaf through gravity flow or pump pressure. The paste filling solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by stacking of surface tailings and waste rocks, improves the utilization rate of the storage capacity of the tailing pond, and even reduces the construction of the tailing pond; on the other hand, the filling body has certain strength, can support underground surrounding rock, control surface subsidence, and improve the recovery rate and the operation safety.
In the paste filling method, paste materials are uniformly mixed, cement is fully contacted with tailing particles, and higher filling body strength is formed only by adding a small amount of cementing materials such as cement. In addition, the paste filling concentration is high, the filling body is high in condensation speed, the stope does not need to be dehydrated, heavy metal ions can be effectively consolidated, the medicament residue in a factory can be effectively prevented, the secondary pollution of underground water is effectively prevented, and the method has the advantages of being huge in technology, economy and environment protection. Especially in mine where ore rocks are muddy when meeting water and in areas where water resources are rapidly lacked, the paste filling has more obvious environmental and social advantages.
At present, most of domestic and foreign fields adopt the method that a filling station is established on the ground, the waste rocks tunneled and produced underground are lifted and transported to the ground surface, and qualified filling slurry is prepared after crushing and screening and is transported to an underground filling working face through a drilling pipeline. The method is suitable for mines with good surface construction conditions and mining technical conditions, but also has the problems of high investment cost of facility infrastructure and operation cost waste caused by lifting waste rocks from the underground to the surface and refilling the waste rocks to the underground. In addition, when underground mining or filling level is deep, the filling line is too small, so that the filling material is difficult to convey, and the filling drill hole is seriously abraded. Particularly in severe cold areas, the tailing thickening system of the paste filling system cannot normally operate, so that the underflow concentration of the paste thickener is low, the strength of a filling body is low, and even normal production is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem, the invention provides an underground full tailings-waste stone paste filling system and a using method thereof. The problem of limitation of surface industrial site conditions can be solved, the existing underground roadway and underground chamber engineering can be utilized, the technical problem that the filling drilling head is over the portion to cause serious abrasion of the filling drilling hole is solved, and safe, economical, efficient and green full-tailing paste filling is realized.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a full-tailings-waste-stone paste filling system for underground construction and operation in underground chambers or underground roadways; the filling system comprises a paste thickener, a cement bin, a horizontal sand bin, an overflow water bin, a stirrer and a filling delivery pump which are arranged underground; the system also comprises a cement transfer bin arranged on the ground surface and used for temporarily storing cement and a plant selection for producing low-concentration full-tail mortar;
conveying the low-concentration full-tailing slurry produced by the plant selection to the paste thickener for tailing dehydration through a tailing conveying drill hole arranged on the ground surface to prepare high-concentration full-tailing slurry; the horizontal sand silo and the overflow water silo are both connected with the paste thickener, the horizontal sand silo is used for accident treatment slurry, and the overflow water silo is used for storing clarified overflow water of the paste thickener; the cement in the cement transfer bin is conveyed to the underground cement bin through a cement conveying drill hole arranged on the ground surface;
intensively transporting underground tunneling waste rocks to a crushing and screening chamber for treatment to obtain waste rock coarse aggregate with qualified particle size;
conveying the high-concentration full-tailing slurry, the cement and the waste stone coarse aggregate to the stirrer, and stirring the high-concentration full-tailing slurry, the cement and the waste stone coarse aggregate by the stirrer to obtain paste filling slurry; and the paste filling slurry is filled into the underground goaf through gravity flow or the filling conveying pump.
Furthermore, the chamber is an original idle chamber or a newly excavated chamber; the chambers comprise a paste thickener chamber, a paste stirrer chamber, a cement chamber, a filling and conveying pump chamber, a sand chamber, an overflow water chamber and the crushing and screening chamber; equipment installation and maintenance spaces and footpaths are reserved in each chamber directly.
Further, the inside of the cement cabin chamber is welded by adopting a steel plate; when the capacity of the cement bin meets the requirement of the filling system on the same day, the cement is not stored in the cement bin any more, so that the cement is prevented from being damped and solidified.
Further, a cement dry powder conveying pipeline is laid in the cement conveying drill hole, and the cement dry powder in the cement transferring bin is conveyed to the underground cement bin through the cement dry powder conveying pipeline;
the cement dry powder conveying pipeline is made of seamless steel pipes, and compressed air is regularly adopted to clean residual cement powder in the pipeline, so that the pipeline is prevented from being blocked due to damp solidification of cement.
Furthermore, wear-resistant pipelines for conveying the whole tailing slurry are laid in the tailing conveying drill holes, and the low-concentration whole tailing slurry in the selected factory is conveyed to the underground cement bin through the wear-resistant pipelines by a slurry pump.
The method for filling the underground full tailings-waste stone paste body adopts the filling system, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the low-concentration full-tailing slurry of the selected factory is conveyed to a paste thickener in the underground chamber through a slurry pump and a ground surface tailing conveying drill hole to prepare high-concentration full-tailing slurry;
the cement is pressurized by the surface cement transfer bin, enters the cement bin in the underground chamber through a cement dry powder conveying pipeline for storage, is conveyed and metered through a spiral micro powder scale, and is fed and quantitatively added into the stirrer;
collecting underground tunneling waste rocks into a crushing and screening chamber, using broken stones with qualified particle sizes as filling waste rock coarse aggregates, and determining the proportion of adding the broken stones into a paste mixer according to the strength requirement and the conveying performance of a filling body;
conveying the underflow high-concentration full-tailing slurry prepared by the paste thickener into a stirrer by an underflow pump, and stirring the slurry with cement and waste stone coarse aggregate to prepare homogenized qualified slurry;
the real-time switching of the conveying of the gravity flow and the filling conveying pump is realized through the hydraulic reversing valve, and the underground goaf is filled.
Furthermore, the filling method adopts a Distributed Control System (DCS) automatic control system to ensure the normal and stable operation of the full tailing paste filling system and realize the accurate control of the filling effect.
Further, the accident treatment slurry of the paste thickener enters the horizontal sand silo; the clarified overflow water is recycled by an underground drainage system or is directly used for adjusting the paste concentration and flushing a paste conveying pipeline, and accident mortar entering the horizontal sand silo can be pumped into a paste thickener again to prepare high-concentration full-tailing slurry.
Further, when the tailings of part of mine ore dressing are high in yield and the filling of the underground empty area cannot be completely utilized, the redundant part of the whole tailings of the dressing plant enter an earth surface tailing pond for piling.
And further, selecting an optimal filling system construction position underground according to occurrence conditions of the trend, the tendency distribution and the inclination angle of the ore body and by combining development engineering and mining methods.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) the filling system can be used for constructing the paste filling system by completely utilizing the existing roadway or chamber engineering, so that the investment of infrastructure is reduced.
(2) The filling system solves the problems of consolidation and blockage in the process of conveying cement from the ground surface to the underground and the process of storing cement, realizes accurate addition of cement and has low filling cost.
(3) The filling system can solve the matching problem between the site selection limitation of the ground surface filling station and the adjustment of the filling slurry conveying resistance, reduces the problems of large loss of the filling slurry pipeline conveying resistance caused by large vertical height difference between the filling station and the deep goaf and pipe flow conveying failure of a high-fall pipeline, avoids serious abrasion of the pipeline, reduces the management and maintenance difficulty, and reduces the investment and the operation cost.
(4) The filling system and the filling method provided by the invention can reduce the discharge of the whole tailings slurry of the plant selection to the surface tailing pond to the maximum extent, realize no pit discharge of underground waste rocks, and realize the stability of the underground goaf guaranteed by the whole tailings-waste rock paste filling technology.
(5) The method has the limitation of constructing a paste filling system on the surface of the earth, or is suitable for mines adopting an underground paste filling system due to the occurrence of ore bodies and mining conditions. When underground surrounding rock has better stability and available old roadways and chamber projects, the filling system and the filling method can greatly reduce the capital construction investment of the filling system, are convenient for equipment installation and operation and do not need to occupy industrial fields.
(6) For a ground surface filling system in a severe cold area, a paste thickener usually needs to take heat preservation measures, extra investment cost is increased, and stable operation of the thickener under a low-temperature condition is difficult to ensure. The filling system can realize the efficient and stable operation of the thickener under the conditions of underground construction and operation and constant ground temperature, ensures the filling effect and has good economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an underground full tailings-waste stone paste filling system in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, equivalents and alternatives which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
The embodiment provides an underground full tailings-waste rock paste filling system aiming at the practical conditions that the conditions of a filling station for mine surface construction are poor and paste filling mining needs to be adopted, the filling system is constructed and operated in an underground chamber (or underground roadway engineering), and underground waste rock can not be discharged from a pit, and mill tailings can be backfilled into an underground goaf.
The filling system comprises a paste thickener (a deep cone thickener can be adopted in the embodiment) arranged underground, a cement bin, a horizontal sand bin, a stirrer (a section of horizontal continuous stirrer is adopted in the embodiment) and a filling delivery pump (a plunger pump is adopted in the embodiment); the system also comprises a cement transfer bin arranged on the ground surface and used for temporarily storing cement and a plant selection for producing low-concentration full-tail mortar;
conveying the low-concentration (mass concentration about 20-30%) full-tailing slurry produced by the surface dressing plant to the paste thickener through tailing conveying and drilling to dewater tailings, and preparing high-concentration (mass concentration about 60-75%) full-tailing slurry; the horizontal sand silo is used for storing the accident treatment slurry of the paste thickener; the overflow water bin is used for storing the thick overflow clear water of the paste; the cement in the cement transfer bin is conveyed to the underground cement bin through a cement conveying drill hole arranged on the ground surface; intensively transporting underground tunneling waste rocks to a crushing and screening chamber for treatment to obtain waste rock coarse aggregate with qualified particle size; conveying the high-concentration full-tailing slurry, the cement and the waste stone coarse aggregate to the stirrer, and stirring the high-concentration full-tailing slurry, the cement and the waste stone coarse aggregate by the stirrer to obtain paste filling slurry; and the paste filling slurry is filled into the underground goaf through gravity flow or the filling conveying pump.
The chamber is an original idle chamber or a newly excavated chamber; the chambers comprise a paste thickener chamber, a paste stirrer chamber, a cement chamber, a filling and conveying pump chamber, a sand chamber and the crushing and screening chamber; equipment installation and maintenance spaces and footpaths are reserved in each chamber directly. Wherein the cement cabin chamber is welded by adopting a steel plate; when the capacity of the cement bin meets the requirement of the filling system on the same day, the cement is not stored in the cement bin any more, so that the cement is prevented from being damped and solidified.
A cement dry powder conveying pipeline is laid in the cement conveying drill hole, and the cement dry powder in the cement transferring bin is conveyed to the underground cement bin through the cement dry powder conveying pipeline; the cement dry powder conveying pipeline is made of seamless steel pipes, and compressed air is regularly adopted to clean residual cement powder in the pipeline, so that the pipeline is prevented from being blocked due to damp solidification of cement.
Wear-resisting pipelines for conveying the whole tailing slurry are laid in the tailing conveying drill holes, and the low-concentration whole tailing slurry in a selected factory is conveyed to the underground cement bin through the wear-resisting pipelines by a slurry pump.
Example 1
The underground mining of a copper-zinc mine for many years has been developed to a middle section of-827 m at present, and the maximum mining depth reaches more than 1300 m. The open stope subsequent filling mining method and the upward horizontal layered filling mining method are mainly adopted, and filling materials used for mines mainly comprise mineral separation graded tailings, tunneling waste rocks and cement. Coarse-grained tailings with the particle size of more than 200 meshes are conveyed to a stirring drum through a scraper and a screw conveyor, and are put into various production middle sections through filling drill holes after being stirred with auxiliary materials such as cement, river sand and the like, wherein the filling concentration is about 50-60%.
Along with the excavation of the exploitation system and the continuous downward leaning of the ore body, the vertical height difference of the filling pipeline reaches 1020 meters, the horizontal distance of the stope reaches 2000 meters, and the stopes at the deep part and the edge part cannot be conveyed due to the overlarge pressure of the filling pipeline, and can only adopt a low-concentration (about 50% of mass concentration) mode to fill so as to adjust the pipeline pressure.
Because of the low concentration self-flow conveying, the conveying flow rate of the filling slurry is not uniform, and the pipeline is seriously abraded. Meanwhile, the filling concentration is low and unstable, the safety of an underground stope is seriously influenced, and the unit consumption of filling cement is as high as 400kg/m3And the mine production efficiency is low.
In addition, because the utilization rate of the tailings is low, the tailing storage capacity remains for 5 years, and the problem of capacity expansion or reservoir reconstruction is faced.
In order to solve the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide the following underground full tailings-waste stone paste filling system and filling method. The method adopts the filling system of embodiment 1, and the filling method specifically comprises the following steps:
conveying the low-concentration full-tailing slurry with the mass concentration of 20% -30% produced by a factory to a paste thickener with the diameter of 14m in a +253 adit through surface drilling, and dehydrating tailings to form high-concentration full-tailing slurry with the mass concentration of 65% -75%; the accident-treatment slurry of the paste thickener enters a horizontal sand silo for storage, and overflow clear water enters an overflow water silo for recovery to be recycled;
the outward transport cement is transported the storehouse by the earth's surface temporarily, adopts the air conveying pump to carry to groundwater mud storehouse through the earth's surface drilling, and the cement memory space satisfies the filling system 3 days quantity. Then conveying and metering according to the filling strength requirement by a spiral micro powder scale according to the flow rate of 5-30t/h, and feeding and quantitatively adding cement into the stirring machine;
and (3) intensively transporting underground tunneling waste rocks to the crushing and screening chamber by a transportation and lifting system for treatment, wherein the waste rocks with qualified particle sizes are used as coarse aggregates and are adjusted according to the tail-to-waste ratio of 3:1 to 4:1 and the strength requirement.
65-75% of high-concentration full-tailing slurry, cement and waste stone coarse aggregate are stirred in a horizontal continuous stirrer, and are fully stirred to prepare homogenized paste filling slurry with the mass concentration of 75-80%.
And (3) automatically flowing the paste filling slurry or filling the paste filling slurry into the underground-467 m middle section, -527m middle section, -587m middle section, -647m middle section, -767m middle section and-827 m middle section goaf by a plunger pump according to the distribution condition of the underground area to be filled.
The filling method provided by the embodiment can utilize the existing underground chamber or tunnel engineering, can realize that underground tunneling waste rocks do not need to be lifted to the ground surface for stockpiling or treatment any more, and simultaneously prepares the whole tailings of the ore dressing into paste to fill the goaf, thereby reducing the stockpiling amount of the tailings in a ground surface tailing pond. The filling strength reaches more than 1.0MPa in 7 days, the strength is improved by more than 30 percent compared with the original strength, the cement consumption is reduced by 50 to 75 percent, and the cost of outsourcing filling materials, underground drainage and the like is saved by 200 ten thousand yuan per year. The investment and the operation cost are greatly saved, and the safety condition of the mining operation is improved.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A full-tailings-waste-stone paste filling system for underground is characterized in that the filling system is built and operated in an underground chamber or an underground roadway; the filling system comprises a paste thickener, a cement bin, a horizontal sand bin, an overflow water bin, a stirrer and a filling delivery pump which are arranged underground; the system also comprises a cement transfer bin arranged on the ground surface and used for temporarily storing cement and a plant selection for producing low-concentration full-tail mortar;
the chambers comprise a paste thickener chamber, a stirrer chamber, a cement chamber, a filling and conveying pump chamber, a sand chamber and a crushing and screening chamber;
conveying the low-concentration full-tailing slurry produced by the plant selection to the paste thickener for tailing dehydration through a tailing conveying drill hole arranged on the ground surface to prepare high-concentration full-tailing slurry; the horizontal sand silo and the overflow water silo are both connected with the paste thickener; the cement in the cement transfer bin is conveyed to the underground cement bin through a cement conveying drill hole arranged on the ground surface;
intensively transporting underground tunneling waste rocks to a crushing and screening chamber for treatment to obtain waste rock coarse aggregate with qualified particle size;
conveying the high-concentration full-tailing slurry, the cement and the waste stone coarse aggregate to the stirrer, and stirring the high-concentration full-tailing slurry, the cement and the waste stone coarse aggregate by the stirrer to obtain paste filling slurry; the paste filling slurry is filled into the underground goaf through gravity flow or the filling conveying pump;
the accident treatment slurry of the paste thickener enters the horizontal sand silo; the clarified overflow water is discharged into the overflow water bin and then recycled by an underground drainage system, or is directly used for adjusting the paste concentration and flushing a paste conveying pipeline, and the accident mortar entering the horizontal sand bin can be pumped into a paste thickener again to prepare high-concentration full-tailing slurry.
2. The underground full tailings-waste stone paste filling system according to claim 1, wherein a cement dry powder conveying pipeline is laid in the cement conveying drill hole, and cement dry powder in the cement transfer bin is conveyed to the underground cement bin through the cement dry powder conveying pipeline;
the cement dry powder conveying pipeline is made of seamless steel pipes, and compressed air is regularly adopted to clean residual cement powder in the pipeline, so that the pipeline is prevented from being blocked due to damp solidification of cement.
3. A filling method of underground full tailings-waste stone paste, which adopts the filling system of claim 1 or 2, and is characterized in that the filling method specifically comprises the following steps:
the low-concentration full-tailing slurry of the selected factory is conveyed to a paste thickener in the underground chamber through a slurry pump and a ground surface tailing conveying drill hole to prepare high-concentration full-tailing slurry;
the cement is pressurized by the surface cement transfer bin, enters the cement bin in the underground chamber through a cement dry powder conveying pipeline for storage, is conveyed and metered through a spiral micro powder scale, and is fed and quantitatively added into the stirrer;
collecting underground tunneling waste rocks into a crushing and screening chamber, using broken stones with qualified particle sizes as filling waste rock coarse aggregates, and determining the proportion of adding the broken stones into a paste mixer according to the strength requirement and the conveying performance of a filling body;
conveying the underflow high-concentration full-tailing slurry prepared by the paste thickener into a stirrer by an underflow pump, and stirring the slurry with cement and waste stone coarse aggregate to prepare homogenized qualified slurry;
the real-time switching of the conveying of the gravity flow and the filling conveying pump is realized through the hydraulic reversing valve, and the underground goaf is filled.
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