CN108914657B - 提高真丝印花织物印制性能的方法 - Google Patents

提高真丝印花织物印制性能的方法 Download PDF

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CN108914657B
CN108914657B CN201810797881.2A CN201810797881A CN108914657B CN 108914657 B CN108914657 B CN 108914657B CN 201810797881 A CN201810797881 A CN 201810797881A CN 108914657 B CN108914657 B CN 108914657B
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陈国强
苗赛男
邢铁玲
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Suzhou University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种提高真丝印花织物印制性能的方法，包括以下步骤：将高分子改性剂施于纸张表面，在50‑90℃处理后得到转移印花纸，纸张的增重量为10‑20g/m2，其中，高分子改性剂包括以下质量分数的各组分：水溶性热熔胶0.5‑5％、增稠剂2‑12％、酸碱剂0.5‑3％、吸湿剂2‑8％，无机盐1‑3％，余量为水；使用活性染料墨水或酸性染料墨水对转移印花纸进行喷墨打印，干燥后得到喷有墨水的转移印花纸；将喷有墨水的转移印花纸与真丝织物进行热压贴合，汽蒸、水洗后得到改性真丝印花织物。本发明解决了传统印花方法中上浆预处理所带来的织物得色低、染料固色率低及环境污染的问题。

Description

提高真丝印花织物印制性能的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品印花技术领域，尤其涉及一种提高真丝印花织物印制性能的方法。
背景技术
真丝织物面料素有“纤维皇后”之称，它质地柔软光滑，手感柔和、轻盈，穿着凉爽舒适。目前真丝印花方法主要有喷墨直喷印花及传统的圆网印花，这两种方法印花效果好，但是印花织物均需经过上浆预处理，后续水洗过程中排放出大量含染料、糊料助剂的污水，造成环境污染；织物表面大量糊料也阻碍着染料大分子在织物上着色。真丝织物干法转移印花是一种新的印花方法，真丝织物不需经过预处理与喷有染料墨水的干法转移印花纸热压贴合后一起汽蒸就可获得较好的印花丝织物。申请号为201810560875.5的中国专利公开了一种真丝印花织物及其制备方法，将真丝织物传统印花过程中增稠剂等助剂施涂于纸张制备转移印花纸，然后将染料墨水喷印在转移印花纸表面，然后与浸轧处理过的真丝织物进行热压贴合，上述方法工艺复杂，生产成本较高。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种提高真丝印花织物印制性能的方法，解决真丝织物在活性染料及酸性染料喷墨直喷印花及传统的圆网印花中上浆预处理所带来的织物得色低、染料固色率低及环境污染的问题。
在一方面，本发明提供了一种提高真丝印花织物印制性能的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将高分子改性剂施于纸张表面，在50-90℃处理后得到转移印花纸，纸张的增重量为10-20g/m2，其中，高分子改性剂包括以下质量分数的各组分：水溶性热熔胶0.5-5％、增稠剂2-12％、酸碱剂0.5-3％、吸湿剂2-8％，无机盐1-3％，余量为水；
(2)使用活性染料墨水或酸性染料墨水对所述转移印花纸进行喷墨打印，干燥后得到喷有墨水的转移印花纸；其中，当步骤(1)中高分子改性剂中的酸碱剂呈碱性时，使用活性染料墨水进行喷墨打印，当高分子改性剂中的酸碱剂呈酸性时，使用酸性染料墨水进行喷墨打印；
(3)将喷有墨水的转移印花纸与真丝织物进行热压贴合，汽蒸、水洗后得到改性真丝印花织物，其中热压温度为100-160℃，热压压力3-6Mpa。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，水溶性热熔胶为聚酯热熔胶黏剂、聚酰胺热熔胶黏剂和聚氨酯热熔胶黏剂中的一种或几种。水溶性热熔胶具有热熔粘合性，在转移印花加热加压过程中，提供了转印纸与织物间的粘附力。在汽蒸过程中，转印纸在热压后与织物紧密贴合保证了染料由转印纸向织物内部扩散及染料的固色。这几类热熔胶有较好的水溶性和化学相容性。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，增稠剂为改性淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、改性纤维素、海藻酸钠、改性瓜尔胶粉、改性罗望子胶粉和聚乙烯醇中的一种或几种。增稠剂在印花过程中具有增稠的作用，在汽蒸过程中吸收锁住水分后形成微型染浴，为染料上染提供场所。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，酸碱剂为碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾和碳酸氢钾中的一种或几种，或者为硫酸铵和/或柠檬酸。活性染料或酸性染料与纤维反应是在碱性或酸性介质中进行的，选用的几种酸碱剂制备高分子改性剂可获得较高质量的转印纸，且可获得较好的印花效果。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，吸湿剂为双氰胺、尿素、甘油和三甘醇中的一种或几种。吸湿剂起着使纤维吸湿澎化的作用，为染料在纤维上固着提供有利条件。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，高分子改性剂还包括质量分数为0.2-0.5％的纳米粒子，所述纳米粒子的粒径为30-50nm。纳米粒子作为物理吸附剂使用，可以加快墨水干燥速度。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，无机盐为氯化钠、硫酸钠、氯化钾、硫酸钾和氯化铵的一种或几种。在转移印花纸制备过程中加入无机盐，需要考虑无机盐的加入对高分子改性剂的流变性能和涂层稳定性的影响，因此其用量和具体选择十分关键，选用本发明的无机盐及其用量，可增加织物表观得色和染料固色率。此外，无机盐的加入，使得不需对真丝织物进行浸轧处理，简化了织物处理工艺，降低了生产成本。
进一步地，在步骤(2)中，活性染料墨水和酸性染料墨水为市场上销售的商业染料墨水。
进一步地，在步骤(3)中，汽蒸温度为100-102℃，蒸汽饱和度为98％。
进一步地，在步骤(3)中，当步骤(2)中使用活性染料墨水时，汽蒸时间为10-12min，当使用酸性染料墨水时，汽蒸时间为15-20min。
在另一方面，本发明还提供了一种采用上述方法所制备的改性真丝印花织物，改性真丝印花织物的色深值为9.4-11.6，染料渗透率为23％-29％，固色率为87-97％。
借由上述方案，本发明至少具有以下优点：
1、本发明的提高真丝印花织物印制性能的方法，将真丝织物传统印花过程中增稠剂等助剂施涂于纸张制备转移印花纸，在高分子改性剂中加入无机盐起到促染作用，染料墨水喷印在转印纸表面，在热压汽蒸期间，染料无阻碍的进入织物，解决了传统印花方法及喷墨印花方法中增稠剂等助剂对染料上染织物的阻碍问题。
2、采用此印花方法，在获得较高织物得色和染料固色率的同时，能保证织物具有较精细、逼真的花型。
3、该印花方法操作简单、方便，便于控制，而且将大量废料保存在纸上，减小了工业废水的排放。
4、本发明真丝织物印花方法简单，易于实施和放大。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合详细说明如后。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
(1)配置高分子改性剂，以其总重为基准，包括以下质量百分比的各组分：水溶性聚酯热熔胶黏剂0.5％，改性纤维素10％，改性淀粉1.5％，羧甲基纤维素钠0.5％，尿素5％，双氰胺3％，碳酸钠2％，氯化钠2％，纳米二氧化硅0.5％，余量为水。将以上组分混匀后充分搅拌至各组分充分溶胀、溶解，使得高分子改性剂中各组分完全溶解并均匀分散。此外，为了作为对比，配置对照组高分子改性剂，除不加氯化钠之外，其余各组分及含量与上述相同。
(2)分别将制备好的高分子改性剂施涂于纸张后在60℃的烘箱中处理后制备转移印花纸，纸张上高分子改性剂的涂层量为15g/m2。然后使用喷墨打印机向转移印花纸上喷射活性染料墨水(活性染料CYAN)，在室温条件下干燥。接着将转移印花纸与真丝织物进行热压贴合，热压温度100℃，压力5Mpa。然后将转移印花纸与织物一同汽蒸，汽蒸温度100℃，蒸汽饱和度为98％，时间10min。汽蒸完成后水洗，即得到改性真丝印花织物。
经测试，对照组未加氯化钠的高分子改性剂配方制得转印纸印花织物色深值为8.08，染料固色率70.17％，染料渗透率11.39％。本发明的高分子改性剂加盐后，印花织物色深值为11.54，染料固色率96.61％，染料渗透率23.38％。
上述印花织物的各项转印性能通过以下方法测试：
1.织物色深值
织物的色深值K/S值在UltraScan PRO测色仪上测定，采用D65光源，10°视场，试样折叠4层，分别取4个点，测试4次数据，测试结果取平均值。
2.染料固色率和渗透率
固色率计算公式：
固色率F/％＝(K/S)f/(K/S)fo×100％
式中，(K/S)f和(K/S)fo分别表示印花织物水洗后和水洗前的正面色深值。
渗透率计算公式：
渗透率P/％＝(K/S)b/[0.5×((K/S)f+(K/S)b))]×100％
式中，(K/S)f和(K/S)b分别表示印花织物水洗后正面色深值和反面色深值。
实施例2
(1)配置高分子改性剂，以其总重为基准，包括以下质量百分比的各组分：水溶性聚氨酯热熔胶黏剂5％，改性瓜尔胶粉5％，改性淀粉0.5％，尿素4％，三甘醇1％，碳酸氢钠3％，纳米二氧化硅0.5％，硫酸钠1％，余量为水。将以上组分混匀后充分搅拌至各组分充分溶胀、溶解，使得高分子改性剂中各组分完全溶解并均匀分散。此外，为了作为对比，配置对照组高分子改性剂，除不加硫酸钠之外，其余各组分及含量与上述相同。
(2)分别将制备好的高分子改性剂施涂于纸张后在50℃的烘箱中处理后制备转移印花纸，纸张上高分子改性剂的涂层量为12g/m2。然后使用喷墨打印机向转移印花纸上喷射活性染料墨水(活性染料CYAN)，在室温条件下干燥。接着将转移印花纸与斜纹绸真丝织物进行热压贴合，热压温度150℃，压力3Mpa。然后将转移印花纸与织物一同汽蒸，汽蒸温度100℃，蒸汽饱和度为98％，时间12min。汽蒸完成后水洗，即得到改性真丝印花织物。
按照实施例1中的方法进行测试，对照组未加硫酸钠的高分子改性剂配方制得转印纸印花织物色深值为7.90，染料固色率68.22％，染料渗透率10.48％。本发明的高分子改性剂加盐后，印花织物色深值为10.69，染料固色率93.12％，染料渗透率21.10％。
实施例3
(1)配置高分子改性剂，以其总重为基准，包括以下质量百分比的各组分：水溶性聚酯热熔胶黏剂3％，海藻酸钠2％，改性罗望子胶粉3％，尿素3％，甘油5％，硫酸铵3％，氯化钾2.5％，余量为水。将以上组分混匀后充分搅拌至各组分充分溶胀、溶解，使得高分子改性剂中各组分完全溶解并均匀分散。此外，为了作为对比，配置对照组高分子改性剂，除不加氯化钾之外，其余各组分及含量与上述相同。
(2)分别将制备好的高分子改性剂施涂于纸张后在90℃的烘箱中处理后制备转移印花纸，纸张上高分子改性剂的涂层量为20g/m2。然后使用喷墨打印机向转移印花纸上喷射酸性染料墨水(酸性染料CYAN)，在室温条件下干燥。接着将转移印花纸与斜纹绸真丝织物进行热压贴合，热压温度160℃，压力5Mpa。然后将转移印花纸与织物一同汽蒸，汽蒸温度100℃，蒸汽饱和度为98％，时间20min。汽蒸后水洗，即得到改性真丝印花织物。
按照实施例1中的方法进行测试，对照组未加氯化钾的高分子改性剂配方制得转印纸印花织物色深值为6.90，染料固色率56.31％，染料渗透率11.86％。本发明的高分子改性剂加盐后，印花织物色深值为9.45，染料固色率87.32％，染料渗透率28.24％。
实施例4
(1)配置高分子改性剂，以其总重为基准，包括以下质量百分比的各组分：水溶性聚酰胺热熔胶黏剂2％，改性纤维素3％，改性罗望子胶粉6％，尿素5％，硫酸铵2％，柠檬酸0.5％，氯化铵3％，余量为水。将以上组分混匀后充分搅拌至各组分充分溶胀、溶解，使得高分子改性剂中各组分完全溶解并均匀分散。此外，为了作为对比，配置对照组高分子改性剂，除不加氯化铵之外，其余各组分及含量与上述相同。
(2)分别将制备好的高分子改性剂施涂于纸张后在80℃的烘箱中处理后制备转移印花纸，纸张上高分子改性剂的涂层量为18g/m2。然后使用喷墨打印机向转移印花纸上喷射酸性染料墨水(酸性染料CYAN)，在室温条件下干燥。接着将转移印花纸与电力纺真丝织物进行热压贴合，热压温度160℃，压力5Mpa。然后转移印花纸与织物一同汽蒸，汽蒸温度100℃，蒸汽饱和度为98％，时间15min。汽蒸后水洗，即得到改性真丝印花织物。
按照实施例1中的方法进行测试，对照组未加氯化钾的高分子改性剂配方制得转印纸印花织物色深值为6.43，染料固色率65.24％，染料渗透率15.57％。本发明的高分子改性剂加盐后，印花织物色深值为10.95，染料固色率96.92％，染料渗透率24.21％。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，并不用于限制本发明，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种提高真丝印花织物印制性能的方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
(1)将高分子改性剂施于纸张表面，在50-90℃处理后得到转移印花纸，纸张的增重量为10-20g/m2，其中，所述高分子改性剂包括以下质量分数的各组分：水溶性热熔胶0.5-5％，增稠剂2-12％，酸碱剂0.5-3％，吸湿剂2-8％，无机盐1-3％，余量为水；所述高分子改性剂还包括质量分数为0.2-0.5％的纳米粒子，所述纳米粒子的粒径为30-50nm；所述纳米粒子为纳米二氧化硅；所述酸碱剂为碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾和碳酸氢钾中的一种或几种，或者为硫酸铵和/或柠檬酸；所述无机盐为氯化钠、硫酸钠、氯化钾、硫酸钾和氯化铵的一种或几种；所述水溶性热熔胶为聚酯热熔胶黏剂、聚酰胺热熔胶黏剂和聚氨酯热熔胶黏剂中的一种或几种；所述增稠剂为改性淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、改性纤维素、海藻酸钠、改性瓜尔胶粉、改性罗望子胶粉和聚乙烯醇中的一种或几种；所述吸湿剂为双氰胺、尿素、甘油和三甘醇中的一种或几种；
(2)使用活性染料墨水或酸性染料墨水对所述转移印花纸进行喷墨打印，干燥后得到喷有墨水的转移印花纸；其中，当步骤(1)中所述高分子改性剂中的酸碱剂呈碱性时，使用活性染料墨水进行喷墨打印，当所述高分子改性剂中的酸碱剂呈酸性时，使用酸性染料墨水进行喷墨打印；
(3)将所述喷有墨水的转移印花纸与真丝织物进行热压贴合，汽蒸、水洗后得到改性真丝印花织物，其中热压温度为100-160℃，热压压力3-6MPa 。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：在步骤(3)中，汽蒸温度为100-102℃，蒸汽饱和度为98％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：在步骤(3)中，当步骤(2)中使用活性染料墨水时，汽蒸时间为10-12min，当使用酸性染料墨水时，汽蒸时间为15-20min。
4.一种权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法所制备的改性真丝印花织物，其特征在于：所述改性真丝印花织物的色深值为9.4-11.6，染料渗透率为23％-29％，固色率为87-97％。
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