CN108901603A - A kind of domestomycetes cultural method and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of domestomycetes cultural method and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108901603A CN108901603A CN201810991433.6A CN201810991433A CN108901603A CN 108901603 A CN108901603 A CN 108901603A CN 201810991433 A CN201810991433 A CN 201810991433A CN 108901603 A CN108901603 A CN 108901603A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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Abstract
It the present invention relates to a kind of domestomycetes cultural method, after the domestomycetes cultural method using being cultivated preferably twice again after parent species directive breeding, is inoculated with using full open model, bacterium germination, fruiting, finally picking obtains good domestomycetes；Domestomycetes cultural method of the present invention is sterilized using the method that short steaming sterilizes, shortens heating time, saved the energy；Strain after culture three times is inoculated into out in mushroom shed using the method for open inoculation, solve needing high investment to build million grades of clean rooms and the environment of inoculation must being reached using the methods of fumigations such as smoke agent for current prevalence, and being inoculated with pollution rate is only 1/1000-1/10000.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of edible fungi cultivation, and in particular to a kind of domestomycetes cultural method.
Background technique
Domestomycetes refers to the mushroom that mushroom, agaric, ganoderma lucidum etc. use sawdust to make fruiting bag for the culture medium of major ingredient.Mesh
Before, China has become maximum Edible Fungi and big export country in the world, and wood destroying fungi edible and medical fungi becomes bulk product quilt
Domestic various regions exploitation, wood destroying fungi production technology are urgently innovated, and the sterilizing of main technique steaming and inoculation method are entirely being given birth to
It is in critical positions during producing, but the method production cost generallyd use at present is higher.
Domestic related document and patent database, which disclosed, in recent years some sterilize in relation to edible mushroom steaming and open connects
Kind novel technical method, such as sterilizing uses " agonist " to shorten steaming time, although every stick cost only increases by 0.1 yuan, rush effect
Agent does not meet the requirement that organises, and operation is also more complex, and effect is not also held definitely, occurs that agonist has been used still to go out often
Show pollution condition；Current inoculation method is only built inoculation account in the cleaning shop of high investment or mushroom room, or is made
With environment such as inoculating hood, transfer rooms, it is necessary to be inoculated with after smoking the disinfection such as medicine and disinfectant using chlorinated product, drug smell gives inoculation work
People brings puzzlement, and brings very big harm to operator, while it is big to be inoculated with risk, be easy to cause large-scale pollution, increases
Production cost.
Summary of the invention
Of the existing technology in order to solve the problems, such as, the present invention provides a kind of domestomycetes cultural methods, have sterilizing
The features such as time is short, and sterilization effect is good, high yield rate saves and is produced into using open inoculation is carried out in high humidity environment
This.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of domestomycetes cultural methods.
The domestomycetes cultural method of specific embodiment according to the present invention, the domestomycetes cultural method include following step
Suddenly：
(1) parent species directive breeding：Mother culture media is configured, is put into culture dish after sterilizing, is cooled to 25-30 DEG C, from wood
The fungus block that three pieces of partial sizes are 3-6mm is cut in rotten mushroom entity, is placed in the culture dish and is cultivated in triangle, it is rear to keep
After the mycelia of 24 DEG C of cultures to three ferfas blocks is connected, the Tip Splitting of picking coupling part, which moves into test tube, to be cultivated, when
It transfers when mycelia grows to test tube 70-85% and is further cultured in another test tube again, send out full bacterium, obtain parent species；Three ferfas blocks are best
Second batch of high-quality domestomycetes fructification under three kinds of varying environments is picked respectively, is placed in the plate of 7-8cm and is carried out after stripping and slicing
18 × 180 specifications can be used in culture, glass tube；
(2) original seed strain makes：By original seed bacterium culture medium, inoculation when being cooled to 25-30 DEG C after sterilizing is formed after culture
Original seed strain；The original seed bacterium culture medium includes the raw material of following weight percent：Sorghum 96%, brown sugar 1%, gypsum 1%,
Lime 1%, preparation method are：All raw materials are added to the water of the 55-65% of mixture weight after mixing, are remixed uniformly
Afterwards up to the pedigree seed culture medium；Pedigree seed culture medium is packed into plastic bottle or polypropylene plastics pocket and is sterilized again, normal pressure goes out
Bacterium keeps ceasing fire for 2 hours after reaching temperature, and stewing pot can reach thorough sterilizing in 2 hours；
(3) cultivar strain makes：Culture medium is prepared, cultivar bacterium culture medium includes the original of following weight percent
Material：Sawdust 84%, wheat bran 15%, gypsum 1% all raw materials of the Cultivar culture medium are added after mixing described mixed
The water of the 55-65% of polymer weight adds the biological agent of the mixture weight 0.5%, is uniformly mixed, normal heating to boiling
It rises, the 2-3 hour that sterilize stops heating, and stewing pot was cooled to 25-30 DEG C after 2 hours, the original seed strain that step (2) is obtained
Open inoculation is carried out, obtains cultivar strain after cultivation；
(4) fruiting bacteria stick makes：Bacteria stick culture material includes the raw material of following weight percent：Sawdust 79%, wheat bran 20%,
Gypsum 1% and biological agent 0.5% are packed into polybag after mixing, obtain the bacteria stick；It will be cooling after bacteria stick sterilizing
Moved into fruiting canopy when to 68-72 DEG C, to the bacteria stick be cooled to 30 DEG C or less it is spare；Mushroom shed internal control space humidity is out
98% or more, with dust quantity in 2 meters of strong light detection at 2 or less；Bacteria stick culture material can use the mechanical height for being packed into 15x58cm
In density low pressure polyethylene special plastic bag, 17x60 centimetres of housing of bag film does secondary fuse；Cooling process can will go out
Bacteria stick after bacterium is first put into the first cooling chamber, etc. bacteria sticks move into the second cooling chamber when dropping to 68-72 DEG C or mushroom shed, cooling chamber are equal out
Ambient dust is controlled using high humidity dust-removing method, within the scope of 2 meters of strong light detection without dust；
(5) full open model is inoculated with：The bacteria stick that step (4) obtains is placed on film, mushroom shed internal control space is wet out
Degree is 98% or more, is immediately placed at 2 hereinafter, make a call to 4 holes in each bacteria stick with dust quantity in 2 meters of strong light detection
The cultivar strain that step (3) obtains, is covered tightly with film rapidly, bacterium germination, and de- bag urges mushroom when discovery has mushroom flower bud to occur；Using
High humidity dust-removing method can guarantee the common sprayer that environment free from dust exists, i.e., carries on the back using shoulder, make sure to keep in mind not use high pressure spray
Day with fog is packed into clean water, and the 0.5 drinkable special-purpose air cleanser disinfection of people is added, carries out sprinkling space from top to bottom；
(6) management of producing mushroom：Be aerated ventilation in mushroom shed out, water spray management carried out to bacteria stick, at the same control temperature and
Humidity；
(7) it picks.
The domestomycetes cultural method of specific embodiment according to the present invention, wherein in step (1), described in adjacent two pieces
Distance between fungus block is 1.5-2 centimetres.
The domestomycetes cultural method of specific embodiment according to the present invention, wherein in step (1), trained in culture dish
Feeding temperature is 26-28 DEG C, and the time cultivated in culture dish is 3-4 days, is cultivated until when fungus block mycelia is connected.
The domestomycetes cultural method of specific embodiment according to the present invention, wherein in step (1), the Mother culture
Base is configured by the weight ratio of potato 220g, agar 22g and glucose 22g, and the culture medium in the test tube is equal twice
According to potato 220g, agar 22g, glucose 22g, yeast extract 2g/L, orotic acid 0mg/L, the ratio of 1000mL is added water to
It is configured.
The domestomycetes cultural method of specific embodiment according to the present invention, wherein in step (2), the sterilizing methods
For pedigree seed culture medium to be heated to boiling under high pressure or normal pressure, stop heating after insulated sterilizing 1.5-2 hours, boils in a covered pot over a slow fire pot 2 hours
, the original seed bacterium culture medium includes the raw material of following weight percent：Sorghum 97%, brown sugar 1%, gypsum 1% and stone
Ash 1%；In step (3), cultivar bacterium culture medium includes the raw material of following weight percent：Sawdust 84%, wheat bran 15%, stone
Cream 1% and biological agent 0.5%.
The domestomycetes cultural method of specific embodiment according to the present invention, wherein in step (4), the polybag is
15x58 centimetres of high density low pressure polyethylene polybag, per it is packed enter 2-2.2kg described in bacteria stick culture material, in the polybag
One 17x60 centimetres of outer layer jacket of bag film；Biological agent described in step (3) and step (4) is compound wood vinegar, mainly
Raw material is the wooden vinegar, is configured as needed, and the wooden vinegar accounts for 60% or more, and the biologies such as calcium lactate, zinc lactate, lactic acid bacteria can be added
Agent.
The wooden vinegar is the natural acetic acid ingredient in timber, and timber extracts vinegar liquid, using purification after high temperature is fired
Powder is extracted, is exactly the wooden vinegar with health care function.The wooden vinegar can also be extracted from bamboo, or be mentioned from various shucks
It takes.The wooden vinegar can make environment-friendly deodorant agent, deicing salt, insecticide etc..
The domestomycetes cultural method of specific embodiment according to the present invention, wherein in step (4), the sterilizing is used
Normal-pressure sterilizing pot, sealing, is warming up to 100 DEG C, keeps the temperature 6 hours stopping heating, boils in a covered pot over a slow fire pot after 2 hours to 75-80 DEG C, take the dish out of the pot immigration
First cooling chamber, bacteria stick move into fruiting canopy when dropping to 68-72 DEG C, and first cooling chamber uses high humidity dust-removing method control ring
Border dust, with without dust, first cooling chamber and out mushroom shed, which are all made of in clean water, to be added in 2 meters of strong light detection
The air purifying preparation of 0.5wt% sprays entire space from top to bottom after mixing to reach the requirement of humidity and cleanliness.Institute
The main component for stating air purifying preparation is also the wooden vinegar, and the wooden vinegar content is 70-80%, other are lemons etc..
The domestomycetes cultural method of specific embodiment according to the present invention, wherein in step (5), the bacteria developing period
Management is specially：When initial-stage culture, the space temperature of mushroom shed is 28-30 DEG C out, drops to 18-28 DEG C after a week；When bacteria stick connects
Kind hole mycelia carries out leading to oxygen for the first time when being connected, and mycelia covers with logical second of oxygen when bacterium bag, and bacteria stick annesl and former base basically form
Shi Jinhang third time leads to oxygen, carries out the 4th logical oxygen before fruiting；Day and night temperature enlarges to 6-10 DEG C when mycelia covers with bacterium bag, and increases
Add light to stimulate, promote annesl, general 18-25 days annesls terminate.It is covered after first layer bacteria stick inoculation on ground with film, then
It carries out putting bacterial stick holing inoculation for one layer above, can at most be discharged into 15 layers.Logical oxygen, which can be taken, for the first time moulds the second layer
The mode that material film is taken off carries out logical oxygen, and second of logical oxygen can be used nail plank beating bacteria stick and carry out logical oxygen, and third time leads to oxygen
Method is with second of logical oxygen, and the 4th logical oxygen is also using mechanical logical oxygen.
Mushroom shed carries out improvement construction using Greenhouse in North out, i.e., does frame using integral hot galvanized pipe, north side is zinc-plated
Pipe is upright, and bending at 2.2-2.5 meters on ground, upward 2 meters domed to front foot ground beam, and canopy is 12.5 to 15 meters wide, between every arch
Every 0.9 to 1 meter, fastener cloth, upper cover insulation quilt, which can resist cold -20 DEG C or so winter fruitings.
Bacteria developing period pendulum pile preferably puts 6 layers at 28-30 DEG C of the megathermal period, every layer of 3 stick；Temperature is put when 18-28 DEG C relatively low
8-10 layers, every layer of 4 bacteria stick.
The domestomycetes cultural method of specific embodiment according to the present invention, wherein the bacteria stick in step (6), after taking off bag
Water spray is primary in time, then controls water to water spray, temperature is entered back into when largely buddingging and is kept for 18-28 DEG C, bacteria stick weight is reduced to original
It is filled the water once when the 70-75% of stick weight into bacteria stick, reaches the 95% of opportunistic pathogen stick weight；Moisture management：Space humidity
For 60-95%.
The domestomycetes cultural method of specific embodiment according to the present invention, further, the moisture management is specially：
Out in mushroom shed, when cultivating flower mushroom, space humidity 60-75%；When cultivating water mushroom, space humidity 90-95%；Cultivate smooth surface mushroom
When, space humidity 75-85%.
During bacteria manages, adopts the mushroom phase when bacteria stick bacterium germination is normal and can reach 2-3 months for one batch, when the seldom fruiting of bacteria stick and bacterium
Stick weight is insufficient former stick weight 70% when, to stop spraying water, increase light, bacteria 10-15 days, to adopt the recess of mushroom in bacteria stick
After place's complete rejuvenation of mycelia is whitened, can water injection needle water filling or water-retaining agent sprinkling surge, then carry out next mushroom and urge mushroom management of producing mushroom.
When picking, picking before water spray when fructification reaches 7-8 maturation, spray water to bacteria stick in the afternoon after the general morning adopts mushroom.Son
Storage, entrucking at any time, transport, sale in 2-4 DEG C of freezer are put into after entity sorting.
The culture medium and bacteria stick culture material of cultivar strain are because use edible special bio agent, using short steaming
Prepared by the method for material sterilizing, shorten heating time, saved the energy；Wherein, bacteria stick is protected using after being warming up to 100 DEG C
Warm 4-6 hour stops heating, boils in a covered pot over a slow fire 2 hours to 70-80 DEG C immigration cooling chamber cooling of pot, existing conventional normal-pressure sterilization is needed
Kept for 100 DEG C, the sterilization time of 28-36h shorten to 6h, shortens the coal-fired time 5/6ths, and sterilization rate reaches 100%；
Cultivar bacterium culture medium normal-pressure sterilization 2-3 hours, stewing pot can reach sterilization rate 100% in 2 hours.
Strain after culture three times is inoculated into out by domestomycetes cultural method of the invention using the method for open inoculation
In mushroom shed, in mushroom shed out it is creative spray from top to bottom using the air purifying preparation for being added 0.5% reach increase humidity with
The purpose of depositing dust reaches 98% or more in humidity, and dust is opened under 2 purification conditions below in 2 meters of strong light detection
Formula inoculation, solve current prevalence needs high investment to build million grades of clean rooms and must disappear using smoke agent etc. is stifling
The methods of poison reaches the environment of inoculation.
Through detecting, reach 98% or more in the domestic humidity of oese, dust is in 2 purifications below in 2 meters of strong light detection
Under the conditions of be inoculated with, make be inoculated with pollution rate be only 1/1000-1/10000.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1, in domestomycetes cultural method of the invention, the culture medium and bacteria stick culture material of cultivar strain are because use
Edible special bio agent is prepared using the method that short steaming sterilizes, and shortens sterilization time, and reach sterilization rate
100% purpose；
Strain after culture three times is inoculated into out in mushroom shed using the method for open inoculation, it is creative in mushroom shed out
Use sprinkling achievees the purpose that increase humidity and depositing dust from top to bottom, reach 98% or more in humidity, ash in 2 meters of strong light detection
Dirt carries out open inoculation under 2 purification conditions below, and solve current prevalence needs high investment to build million
Grade clean room and the environment that inoculation must be reached using the methods of fumigations such as smoke agent.
2, in domestomycetes cultural method of the invention, environment is increased using the air purifying preparation that 0.5% is added in clean water
Humidification degree and depositing dust mainly utilize high humidity environment, make to be attached to the miscellaneous bacteria spore on dust and can not float and fall in inoculation hole, real
Purification inoculation truly is showed, inoculation pollution rate is made to reach 1/1000-1/10000.
3, in domestomycetes cultural method of the invention, the preparations of parent species turns out Tip Splitting and two less preferred using 3 points
Test tube strains increase so that moving into out after mushroom shed fruiting phase extension 25% day or more and produce 20% or more mushroom；
4, in domestomycetes cultural method of the invention, bacteria stick bacterium germination initial stage uses 28-30 DEG C of sprouting strain of higher temperature, promotees
Make mycelia fast-germination material feeding, guarantees that strain quickly covers with inoculation hole and seals inoculation hole, reduce pollution rate；
5, the formula of bacteria stick culture material is simple and practical, so that fruiting biological transformation ratio can reach 107%.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, technical solution of the present invention will be carried out below
Detailed description.Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Base
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained all without making creative work
Other embodiment belongs to the range that the present invention is protected.
Embodiment 1
A kind of domestomycetes cultural method is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps：
(1) parent species directive breeding：Mother culture media is configured, is put into culture dish after sterilizing, is cooled to 28 DEG C, picks three kinds
Second batch of high quality mushroom fruiting body under varying environment, cuts a ferfas block respectively, and partial size 5mm is placed in described in triangle
It is cultivated in culture dish, after the rear mycelia for keeping 24 DEG C of cultures to three fungus blocks is connected, the Tip Splitting of picking coupling part
It moves into test tube and is cultivated, is further cultured in another test tube of transferring again when mycelia grows to test tube 80%, send out full bacterium, obtain
Parent species；Three ferfas blocks preferably pick second batch of high-quality domestomycetes fructification under three varying environments, are placed in 7cm's after stripping and slicing
It is cultivated in plate, glass tube is all made of the test tube of 18 × 180 specifications；
(2) original seed strain makes：By original seed bacterium culture medium, inoculation when being cooled to 28 DEG C after sterilizing, inoculum concentration is
10wt% forms original seed strain after culture；The original seed bacterium culture medium includes the raw material of following weight percent：Sorghum
96%, brown sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%, preparation method are：Mixture weight is added in all raw materials after mixing
60% water, up to the pedigree seed culture medium after remixing uniformly；Pedigree seed culture medium is packed into plastic bottle or polypropylene plastics pocket
It inside sterilizes again, normal-pressure sterilization keeps ceasing fire for 2 hours when reaching 100 DEG C, and stewing pot reaches thorough sterilizing in 2 hours；
(3) cultivar strain makes：Culture medium is prepared, cultivar bacterium culture medium includes the original of following weight percent
Material：Sawdust 84%, wheat bran 15%, gypsum 1% all raw materials of the Cultivar culture medium are added after mixing described mixed
60% water of polymer weight adds the compound wood vinegar of the mixture weight 0.5%, is uniformly mixed, normal heating is extremely
100 DEG C, 2.5 hours of sterilizing stop heating, boil in a covered pot over a slow fire pot after 2 hours but to 28 DEG C, the original seed strain that step (2) is obtained into
Row open inoculation, inoculum concentration 10wt% obtain cultivar strain after cultivation；
(4) fruiting bacteria stick makes：Bacteria stick culture material includes the raw material of following weight percent：Sawdust 78.5%, wheat bran
20%, the sterile water of mixture weight 60% is added after mixing, is packed into after mixing for gypsum 1%, biological agent 0.5%
In polybag, the bacteria stick is obtained；It will be moved into fruiting canopy when being cooled to 72 DEG C after bacteria stick sterilizing, it is cooling to the bacteria stick
It is spare to 30 DEG C；Mushroom shed internal control space humidity is 98% or more out, with dust quantity in 2 meters of strong light detection at 2 or less；Bacterium
Stick culture material can be in the mechanical high density low pressure polyethylene special plastic bag for being packed into 15x58cm, 17x60 centimetres of housing thin
Film bag does secondary fuse；Bacteria stick after sterilizing can be first put into the first cooling chamber by cooling process, etc. bacteria sticks when dropping to 72 DEG C
The second cooling chamber or out mushroom shed are moved into, cooling chamber is all made of high humidity dust-removing method control ambient dust, with 2 meters of ranges of strong light detection
It is interior there is no dust；
(5) full open model is inoculated with：The bacteria stick that step (4) obtains is placed on film, mushroom shed internal control space is wet out
Degree is 98% or more, is immediately placed at 2 hereinafter, make a call to 4 holes in each bacteria stick with dust quantity in 2 meters of strong light detection
The cultivar strain that step (3) obtains, is covered tightly with film rapidly, bacterium germination, and de- bag urges mushroom when discovery has mushroom flower bud to occur；Using
High humidity dust-removing method can guarantee the common sprayer that environment free from dust exists, i.e., carries on the back using shoulder, make sure to keep in mind not use high pressure spray
Day with fog is packed into clean water, and the 0.5 drinkable air purifying preparation disinfection of people is added, carries out sprinkling space from top to bottom；
(6) management of producing mushroom：Be aerated ventilation in mushroom shed out, water spray management carried out to bacteria stick, at the same control temperature and
Humidity；
(7) it picks.
Embodiment 2
A kind of domestomycetes cultural method is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps：
(1) parent species directive breeding：Mother culture media is configured, the mother culture media presses potato 220g, agar 22g and Portugal
The weight ratio of grape sugar 22g is configured, and the culture medium in the test tube is according to potato 220g, agar 22g, grape twice
Sugared 22g, yeast extract 2g/L, orotic acid 0mg/L, the ratio for adding water to 1000mL are configured, and culture dish is put into after sterilizing
In, it is cooled to 25-30 DEG C, second batch of high quality mushroom fruiting body under three kinds of varying environments is picked, cuts a ferfas block, grain respectively
Diameter is 6mm, is placed in the culture dish in triangle and carries out culture 4 days at 28 DEG C, the distance between adjacent two pieces of fungus blocks
It is 2 centimetres, after then the mycelia of 24 DEG C of cultures to three fungus blocks being kept to be connected, the Tip Splitting of picking coupling part moves into test tube
In cultivated, be further cultured in another test tube of transferring again when mycelia grows to test tube 85%, send out full bacterium, obtain parent species；Three
Ferfas block preferably picks second batch of high-quality domestomycetes fructification under three varying environments, is placed in the plate of 8cm after stripping and slicing
It is cultivated, glass tube is all made of 18 × 180 specifications；
(2) original seed strain makes：By original seed bacterium culture medium, inoculation when being cooled to 30 DEG C after sterilizing, inoculum concentration is
10wt% forms original seed strain after culture；The original seed bacterium culture medium includes the raw material of following weight percent：Sorghum
97%, brown sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%, preparation method are：Mixture weight is added in all raw materials after mixing
65% water, up to the pedigree seed culture medium after remixing uniformly；Pedigree seed culture medium is packed into plastic bottle or polypropylene plastics pocket
It inside sterilizes again, the sterilizing methods are to be heated to boiling under high pressure or normal pressure by pedigree seed culture medium, are sterilized 1.5-2 hours
Stop heating afterwards, boil in a covered pot over a slow fire pot 2 hours, the time of sterilizing is longer, reaches 4 hours, sterilizes more thorough, but because heating time
It is short, so more save the cost；
(3) cultivar strain makes：Culture medium is prepared, cultivar bacterium culture medium includes the original of following weight percent
Material：Sawdust 84%, wheat bran 15%, gypsum 1% all raw materials of the Cultivar culture medium are added after mixing described mixed
65% water of polymer weight adds the compound wood vinegar of all mixture weights 0.5%, is uniformly mixed, normal heating is extremely
Boiling, 3 hours that sterilize stop heating, boil in a covered pot over a slow fire pot after 2 hours but to 30 DEG C, and the original seed strain that step (2) is obtained is going out
Control space humidity is 98% or more in mushroom shed, with dust quantity in 2 meters of strong light detection at 2 hereinafter, carry out open inoculation,
Inoculum concentration is 10wt%, and stripping and slicing obtains cultivar strain after being trained mushroom；
(4) fruiting bacteria stick makes：Bacteria stick culture material includes the raw material of following weight percent：Sawdust 78.5%, wheat bran
20%, 65% water of the mixture weight is added in gypsum 1%, compound wood vinegar 0.5% after mixing, after mixing
It is packed into polybag, obtains the bacteria stick；The bacteria stick is put into normal-pressure sterilizing pot, is sealed, is warming up to 100 DEG C, is kept the temperature 6 small
When stop heating, boil in a covered pot over a slow fire pot after 2 hours to 80 DEG C, take the dish out of the pot and move into the first cooling chamber, moved into fruiting canopy when bacteria stick drops to 72 DEG C, to
The bacteria stick be cooled to 30 DEG C or less it is spare；Mushroom shed internal control space humidity is 98% or more out, with dust in 2 meters of strong light detection
Quantity is at 2 or less；Bacteria stick culture material can be packed into the high density low pressure polyethylene special plastic bag of 15x58cm with machinery,
17x60 centimetres of housing of bag film does secondary fuse；The high density low pressure polyethylene plastics that inner plastic bag is 15x58 centimetres
Bag, per it is packed enter 2.2kg described in bacteria stick culture material；Bacteria stick after sterilizing can be first put into the first cooling chamber by cooling process,
Etc. bacteria sticks the second cooling chamber or out mushroom shed are moved into when dropping to 72 DEG C, cooling chamber is all made of high humidity dust-removing method control ambient dust,
With within the scope of 2 meters of strong light detection without dust；First cooling chamber controls ambient dust using high humidity dust-removing method, uses
Without dust in strong 2 meters of light detection, first cooling chamber and out mushroom shed, which are all made of in clean water, is added the special of 0.5wt%
Spray entire space from top to bottom after mixing with air purifying preparation to reach the requirement of humidity and cleanliness, special-purpose air is net
Agent main component is the wooden vinegar, and the wooden vinegar accounts for 80%, other are lemon；
(5) full open model is inoculated with：The bacteria stick that step (4) obtains is placed on film, mushroom shed internal control space is wet out
Degree is 98% or more, is immediately placed at 2 hereinafter, make a call to 4 holes in each bacteria stick with dust quantity in 2 meters of strong light detection
The cultivar strain that step (3) obtains, is covered tightly with film rapidly, bacterium germination, when bacterium germination initial-stage culture, the space temperature of mushroom shed out
Degree is 30 DEG C, drops to 28 DEG C after a week；It carries out leading to oxygen for the first time when bacteria stick inoculation hole mycelia is connected, when mycelia covers with bacterium bag
Lead to second of oxygen, third time is carried out when bacteria stick annesl and former base basically form and leads to oxygen, carries out the 4th logical oxygen before fruiting；Mycelia is long
Day and night temperature enlarges to 10 DEG C when full bacterium bag, and increases light stimulation, promotes annesl, general 25 days annesls terminate.On ground
It is covered after the inoculation of first layer bacteria stick with film, then carries out putting bacterial stick holing inoculation for one layer above, can at most be discharged into 15 layers.The
Once logical oxygen can take the mode for taking off second layer plastic film to carry out logical oxygen, and nail plank can be used in second of logical oxygen
It pats bacteria stick and carries out logical oxygen, third time leads to oxygen method with second of logical oxygen, and the 4th logical oxygen is also using mechanical logical oxygen；It was found that there is mushroom
Bag is taken off when flower bud occurs urges mushroom；It can guarantee that environment free from dust exists using high humidity dust-removing method, i.e., be carried on the back using shoulder common spraying
Device is made sure to keep in mind not use high-pressure sprayer, is packed into clean water, and the 0.5% drinkable air purifying preparation disinfection of people is added, carries out
Sprinkling space from top to bottom；
(6) management of producing mushroom：Be aerated ventilation in mushroom shed out, water spray management carried out to bacteria stick, at the same control temperature and
Humidity；Bacteria stick after de- bag is sprayed water once in time, is then controlled water to water spray, temperature is entered back into when largely buddingging and is kept for 28 DEG C, bacterium
It is filled the water once when stick weight is reduced to the 75% of former stick weight into bacteria stick, reaches the 95% of opportunistic pathogen stick weight；Humidity pipe
Reason：When cultivating flower mushroom, space humidity 75%；When cultivating water mushroom, space humidity 95%；When cultivating smooth surface mushroom, space humidity
It is 85%；
(7) it picks.
Embodiment 3
A kind of domestomycetes cultural method is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps：
(1) parent species directive breeding：Mother culture media is configured, the mother culture media presses potato 220g, agar 22g and Portugal
The weight ratio of grape sugar 22g is configured, and the culture medium in the test tube is according to potato 220g, agar 22g, grape twice
Sugared 22g, yeast extract 2g/L, orotic acid 0mg/L, the ratio for adding water to 1000mL are configured, and culture dish is put into after sterilizing
In, 25 DEG C are cooled to, second batch of high quality mushroom fruiting body under three kinds of varying environments is picked, cuts a ferfas block, partial size respectively
It for 3mm, is placed in the culture dish in triangle and carries out culture 3 days at 26 DEG C, the distance between adjacent two pieces of fungus blocks is
1.5 centimetres, after then the mycelia of 24 DEG C of cultures to three fungus blocks being kept to be connected, the Tip Splitting of picking coupling part moves into test tube
In cultivated, be further cultured in another test tube of transferring again when mycelia grows to test tube 70%, send out full bacterium, obtain parent species；Three
Ferfas block preferably picks second batch of high-quality domestomycetes fructification under three varying environments, is placed in the plate of 7cm after stripping and slicing
It is cultivated, glass tube is all made of the test tube of 18 × 180 specifications；
(2) original seed strain makes：By original seed bacterium culture medium, inoculation when being cooled to 25-30 DEG C after sterilizing, inoculum concentration is
10wt% forms original seed strain after culture；The original seed bacterium culture medium includes the raw material of following weight percent：Sorghum
97%, brown sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%, preparation method are：Mixture weight is added in all raw materials after mixing
The water of 55-65%, up to the pedigree seed culture medium after remixing uniformly；Pedigree seed culture medium is packed into plastic bottle or polypropylene plastics
It sterilizes again in bag, the sterilizing methods are to be heated to boiling under high pressure or normal pressure by pedigree seed culture medium, are sterilized 1.5 hours
Stop heating afterwards, boil in a covered pot over a slow fire pot 2 hours, the time of sterilizing is longer, reaches 4 hours, sterilizes more thorough, but because heating time
It is short, so more save the cost；
(3) cultivar strain makes：Culture medium is prepared, cultivar bacterium culture medium includes the original of following weight percent
Material：Sawdust 84%, wheat bran 15%, gypsum 1% all raw materials of the Cultivar culture medium are added after mixing described mixed
55% water of polymer weight adds the compound wood vinegar of all mixture weights 0.5% after mixing, be uniformly mixed, normal pressure
It is heated to boiling, the 2-3 hour that sterilize stops heating, and stewing pot was cooled to 25 DEG C after 2 hours, the original that step (2) is obtained
Kind of strain is 98% or more in mushroom shed internal control space humidity out, with dust quantity in 2 meters of strong light detection at 2 hereinafter, carrying out
Open inoculation, inoculum concentration 10wt%, stripping and slicing obtains cultivar strain after being trained mushroom；
(4) fruiting bacteria stick makes：Bacteria stick culture material includes the raw material of following weight percent：Sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%,
The sterile water of mixture weight 55% is added in gypsum 1%, biological agent 0.5%, minerals 0.5% after mixing, is uniformly mixed
It is packed into polybag afterwards, obtains the bacteria stick；The bacteria stick is put into normal-pressure sterilizing pot, is sealed, is warming up to 100 DEG C, keeps the temperature 6
Hour stops heating, boils in a covered pot over a slow fire pot after 2 hours to 75 DEG C, takes the dish out of the pot and moves into the first cooling chamber, when bacteria stick drops to 68 DEG C in immigration fruiting canopy,
To the bacteria stick be cooled to 30 DEG C or less it is spare；Mushroom shed internal control space humidity is 98% or more out, with ash in 2 meters of strong light detection
Dirt quantity is at 2 or less；Bacteria stick culture material can use the mechanical high density low pressure polyethylene special plastic bag for being packed into 15x58cm
Interior, 17x60 centimetres of housing of bag film does secondary fuse；The high density low pressure polyethylene that inner plastic bag is 15x58 centimetres is moulded
Material bag, per it is packed enter 2kg described in bacteria stick culture material；Bacteria stick after sterilizing can be first put into the first cooling chamber by cooling process,
Etc. bacteria sticks the second cooling chamber or out mushroom shed are moved into when dropping to 68 DEG C, cooling chamber is all made of high humidity dust-removing method control ambient dust,
With within the scope of 2 meters of strong light detection without dust；First cooling chamber controls ambient dust using high humidity dust-removing method, uses
Without dust in strong 2 meters of light detection, first cooling chamber and out mushroom shed, which are all made of in clean water, is added the special of 0.5wt%
Spray entire space from top to bottom after mixing with air purifying preparation to reach the requirement of humidity and cleanliness, special-purpose air is net
Agent main component is the wooden vinegar, and the wooden vinegar accounts for 70%, other are lemon；
(5) full open model is inoculated with：The bacteria stick that step (4) obtains is placed on film, mushroom shed internal control space is wet out
Degree is 98% or more, is immediately placed at 2 hereinafter, make a call to 4 holes in each bacteria stick with dust quantity in 2 meters of strong light detection
The cultivar strain that step (3) obtains, is covered tightly with film rapidly, bacterium germination, when bacterium germination initial-stage culture, the space temperature of mushroom shed out
Degree is 28 DEG C, drops to 18 DEG C after a week；It carries out leading to oxygen for the first time when bacteria stick inoculation hole mycelia is connected, when mycelia covers with bacterium bag
Lead to second of oxygen, third time is carried out when bacteria stick annesl and former base basically form and leads to oxygen, carries out the 4th logical oxygen before fruiting；Mycelia is long
Day and night temperature enlarges to 6 DEG C when full bacterium bag, and increases light stimulation, promotes annesl, general 18-25 days annesls terminate.On ground
First layer bacteria stick inoculation after covered with film, then carry out above one layer put bacterial stick holing inoculation, can at most be discharged into 15 layers.
Leading to oxygen for the first time can take the mode for taking off second layer plastic film to carry out logical oxygen, and nail wood can be used in second of logical oxygen
Plate pats bacteria stick and carries out logical oxygen, and third time leads to oxygen method with second of logical oxygen, and the 4th logical oxygen is also using mechanical logical oxygen；It was found that having
Bag is taken off when mushroom flower bud occurs urges mushroom；The common spray that environment free from dust exists, i.e., is carried on the back using shoulder can be guaranteed using high humidity dust-removing method
Day with fog is made sure to keep in mind not use high-pressure sprayer, is packed into clean water, and the 0.5 drinkable air purifying preparation disinfection of people is added, carries out
Sprinkling space from top to bottom；
(6) management of producing mushroom：Be aerated ventilation in mushroom shed out, water spray management carried out to bacteria stick, at the same control temperature and
Humidity；Bacteria stick after de- bag is sprayed water once in time, is then controlled water to water spray, temperature is entered back into when largely buddingging and is kept for 18 DEG C, bacterium
It is filled the water once when stick weight is reduced to the 70-75% of former stick weight into bacteria stick, reaches the 95% of opportunistic pathogen stick weight；Humidity
Management：When cultivating flower mushroom, space humidity 60%；When cultivating water mushroom, space humidity 90%；When cultivating smooth surface mushroom, space is wet
Degree is 75%；
(7) it picks.
Mushroom shed carries out improvement construction using Greenhouse in North out, i.e., does frame using integral hot galvanized pipe, north side is zinc-plated
Pipe is upright, and bending at 2.2-2.5 meters on ground, upward 2 meters domed to front foot ground beam, and canopy is 12.5 to 15 meters wide, between every arch
Every 0.9 to 1 meter, fastener cloth, upper cover insulation quilt, which can resist cold -20 DEG C or so winter fruitings.It is best that bacteria developing period puts pile
6 layers are put at 28-30 DEG C of the megathermal period, every layer of 3 stick；Temperature puts 8-10 layers when 18-28 DEG C relatively low, every layer of 4 bacteria stick.
During bacteria manages, adopts the mushroom phase when bacteria stick bacterium germination is normal and can reach 2-3 months for one batch, when the seldom fruiting of bacteria stick and bacterium
Stick weight is insufficient former stick weight 70% when, to stop spraying water, increase light, bacteria 10-15 days, to adopt the recess of mushroom in bacteria stick
After place's complete rejuvenation of mycelia is whitened, can water injection needle water filling or water-retaining agent sprinkling surge, then carry out next mushroom and urge mushroom management of producing mushroom.
When picking, picking before water spray when fructification reaches 7-8 maturation, spray water to bacteria stick in the afternoon after the general morning adopts mushroom.Son
Storage, entrucking at any time, transport, sale in 2-4 DEG C of freezer are put into after entity sorting.
The culture medium and bacteria stick culture material of cultivar strain are because use edible special bio agent, using short steaming
Prepared by the method for material sterilizing, shorten heating time, saved the energy；Wherein, bacteria stick is protected using after being warming up to 100 DEG C
Warm 4-6 hour stops heating, boils in a covered pot over a slow fire 2 hours to 70-80 DEG C immigration cooling chamber cooling of pot, existing conventional normal-pressure sterilization is needed
Kept for 100 DEG C, the sterilization time of 28-36h shorten to 6h, shortens the coal-fired time 5/6ths, and sterilization rate reaches 100%；
Cultivar bacterium culture medium normal-pressure sterilization 2-3 hours, stewing pot can reach sterilization rate 100% in 2 hours.
Strain after culture three times is inoculated into out by domestomycetes cultural method of the invention using the method for open inoculation
In mushroom shed, in mushroom shed out it is creative spray from top to bottom using the air purifying preparation for being added 0.5% reach increase humidity with
The purpose of depositing dust reaches 98% or more in humidity, and dust is opened under 2 purification conditions below in 2 meters of strong light detection
Formula inoculation, solve current prevalence needs high investment to build million grades of clean rooms and must disappear using smoke agent etc. is stifling
The methods of poison reaches the environment of inoculation.
Through detecting, reach 98% or more in the domestic humidity of oese, dust is in 2 purifications below in 2 meters of strong light detection
Under the conditions of be inoculated with, make be inoculated with pollution rate reach 1/1000-1/10000.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all contain
Lid is within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the described claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of domestomycetes cultural method, which is characterized in that the domestomycetes cultural method includes the following steps：
(1) parent species directive breeding：Mother culture media is configured, is put into culture dish after sterilizing, is cooled to 25-30 DEG C, from domestomycetes
The fungus block that three pieces of partial sizes are 3-6mm is cut in fructification, is placed in the culture dish and is cultivated in triangle, it is rear to be kept for 24 DEG C
After the mycelia cultivated to three fungus blocks is connected, the Tip Splitting of picking coupling part, which moves into test tube, to be cultivated, when mycelia is long
It transfers when to test tube 70-85% and is further cultured in another test tube again, send out full bacterium, obtain parent species；
(2) original seed strain makes：When by being cooled to 25-30 DEG C after the sterilizing of original seed bacterium culture medium, step (1) is obtained described
Parent species are inoculated with, and original seed strain is formed after culture；
(3) cultivar strain makes：Culture medium is prepared, the original seed strain that step (2) is obtained carries out open inoculation, warp
Cultivar strain is obtained after culture；
(4) fruiting bacteria stick makes：Bacteria stick culture material includes the raw material of following weight percent：Sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum
1% and biological agent 0.5%, it is packed into polybag after mixing, obtains the bacteria stick；It will be cooled to after bacteria stick sterilizing
At 68-72 DEG C move into fruiting canopy in, to the bacteria stick be cooled to 30 DEG C or less it is spare；
(5) full open model is inoculated with：The bacteria stick that step (4) obtains is placed on film, mushroom shed internal control space humidity is out
98% or more, step is immediately placed in hereinafter, make a call to 4 holes in each bacteria stick at 2 with dust quantity in 2 meters of strong light detection
(3) the cultivar strain obtained, is covered tightly with film rapidly, bacterium germination, and de- bag urges mushroom when discovery has mushroom flower bud to occur；
(6) management of producing mushroom：It is aerated ventilation in mushroom shed out, water spray management is carried out to bacteria stick, while controlling temperature and humidity；
(7) it picks.
2. domestomycetes cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), adjacent two pieces of fungus blocks
Between distance be 1.5-2 centimetres.
3. domestomycetes cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), cultivated in culture dish
Temperature is 26-28 DEG C, and the time cultivated in culture dish is 3-4 days.
4. domestomycetes cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), the mother culture media is pressed
The weight ratio of potato 220g, agar 22g and glucose 22g are configured, twice the culture medium in the test tube according to
Potato 220g, agar 22g, glucose 22g, yeast extract 2g/L, orotic acid 0mg/L, the ratio for adding water to 1000mL carry out
Configuration.
5. domestomycetes cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), the sterilizing methods are will
Original seed bacterium culture medium is heated to boiling under high pressure or normal pressure, stops heating after insulated sterilizing 1.5-2 hours, boils in a covered pot over a slow fire pot 2 hours
, the original seed bacterium culture medium includes the raw material of following weight percent：Sorghum 97%, brown sugar 1%, gypsum 1% and stone
Ash 1%；In step (3), cultivar bacterium culture medium includes the raw material of following weight percent：Sawdust 84%, wheat bran 15%, stone
Cream 1% and biological agent 0.5%.
6. domestomycetes cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4), the polybag is
15x58 centimetres of high density low pressure polyethylene polybag, per it is packed enter 2-2.2kg described in bacteria stick culture material, in the polybag
One 17x60 centimetres of outer layer jacket of bag film；The biological agent is compound wood vinegar.
7. domestomycetes cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4), the sterilizing uses normal pressure
Autoclave, sealing, is warming up to 100 DEG C, keeps the temperature 6 hours stopping heating, boils in a covered pot over a slow fire 2 hours to 75-80 DEG C of pot, the immigration first that takes the dish out of the pot is cold
But room, bacteria stick move into fruiting canopy when dropping to 68-72 DEG C, and first cooling chamber is using high humidity dust-removing method control environment ash
Dirt, with without dust, first cooling chamber and out mushroom shed, which are all made of in clean water, to be added in 2 meters of strong light detection
The air purifying preparation of 0.5wt% sprays entire space from top to bottom after mixing to reach the requirement of humidity and cleanliness.
8. domestomycetes cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (5), the management of the bacteria developing period
Specially：When initial-stage culture, the space temperature of mushroom shed is 28-30 DEG C out, drops to 18-28 DEG C after a week；When bacteria stick inoculation hole
Carry out leading to oxygen for the first time when mycelia is connected, second of oxygen led to when mycelia covers with bacterium bag, when bacteria stick annesl and former base basically form into
Row third time leads to oxygen, carries out the 4th logical oxygen before fruiting；Day and night temperature enlarges to 6-10 DEG C when mycelia covers with bacterium bag.
9. domestomycetes cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (6), the bacteria stick after taking off bag is timely
Water spray is primary, then controls water to water spray, temperature is entered back into when largely buddingging and is kept for 18-28 DEG C, bacteria stick weight is reduced to former stick weight
It is filled the water once when the 70-75% of amount into bacteria stick, reaches the 95% of opportunistic pathogen stick weight；Moisture management：Space humidity is 60-
95%.
10. domestomycetes cultural method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the moisture management is specially：Mushroom shed out
It is interior, when cultivating flower mushroom, space humidity 60-75%；When cultivating water mushroom, space humidity 90-95%；It is empty when cultivating smooth surface mushroom
Between humidity be 75-85%.
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