CN108901524A - A kind of breeding method of tea oil tree - Google Patents

A kind of breeding method of tea oil tree Download PDF

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CN108901524A
CN108901524A CN201710206865.7A CN201710206865A CN108901524A CN 108901524 A CN108901524 A CN 108901524A CN 201710206865 A CN201710206865 A CN 201710206865A CN 108901524 A CN108901524 A CN 108901524A
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centimetres
grafting
days
seedling
rootstock seedling
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汪树斌
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of breeding methods of tea oil tree, by select tea seed seed, cultivate rootstock seedling, choose choiceness scion, scion and rootstock seedling grafting, grafting are planted in Light media non-woven container, plastic covering film, shading shed, the temperature and humidity in control plastic film, controlling disease are built above seedbed, increase substantially the survival rate of grafting.The present invention is directly planted oil tea grafting into cultivating in Light media non-woven container, is not required to that slow seedling growth is fast, and seedling qualification rate reaches 70% or so, and seedling convenient in carrying is time saving and energy saving, saves artificial 60%.The present invention cultivates qualified seedling and does not have to transplant again, and the root system of oil tea grafting is not damaged, and Light media non-woven container transplants survive height together, and the large area surrival rate of afforestation is up to 98%.

Description

A kind of breeding method of tea oil tree
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding methods of tea oil tree.
Background technique
Oil tea also known as tea fruit tree, tea oil tree, white flower oil tea belong to the evergreen shrubs or dungarunga of Theaceae Camellia, are China Southern important woody oil tree species, oil tea start bearing age because modes of reproduction difference due to it is different, just open within oil tea of growing directly from seeds general 5 years Beginning result enters the best fruiting period in 10 years;Grafting 2 years i.e. start as a result, 5 years enter the best fruiting period, under good management condition, contain Fruiting period can maintain 40~50 years.The breeding method of the oil tea sapling generallyd use at present is that oil tea grafting is first placed on crop field training It educates, then crop field is cultivated and is cultivated in the grafting shift-in Light media non-woven container survived, the breeding method of this oil tea sapling It is time-consuming and laborious, seedling qualification rate only 10% or so, and because caused by being transplanted into container root system it is impaired, the qualified seedling surrival rate of afforestation is also only It is 30% to 40%.
Summary of the invention
Place, the present invention provide a kind of breeding method of tea oil tree in order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and this method can solve Certainly existing oil tea grafting cultivates time-consuming and laborious, the low problem of the low and qualified seedling surrival rate of afforestation of seedling qualification rate.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of breeding method of tea oil tree, includes the following steps:
(1) tea fruit is dried in the shade the tea seed of natural cracking abjection, selects that its full grain is big, seed of no disease and pests harm, use 75-80% 120-140 grams of thiophanate methyl wettable powder is watered 20 liters~25 liters or with 800 times of 60-70% carbendazol wettable powder The seed soaking of liquid~850 times liquid disinfection 15-20 minutes, sand hiding was spare after drying in the shade;
(2) after early March temperature is stablized, clean sand is selected, disinfection final finishing is at 12 centimetres high~14 centimetres of sand Bed simultaneously flattens;The seed of sand hiding, one layer of seed of heavy seeding on casting bed, then 20 centimetres~25 centimetres of lid of layer of sand are taken out, and flatten, It compresses, is covered with film;
(3) between April~May, the rootstock seedling length that tea seed germination is grown is at 12 centimetres~14 centimetres, 5 centimetres~7 lis of diameter Rice and end expose layer of sand when, by rootstock seedling rise, clean sand, be put into 800 times of liquid of 60-70% carbendazol wettable powder~ 850 times liquid sterilizing 2-4 minutes;
(4) upper and lower ends for cutting off rootstock seedling, make blastema, radicle retain 5 centimetres~7 centimetres, from interior in the middle part of blastema Vertical partial application outward, is put on long 5 centimetres~7 centimetres, 1.4 centimetres wide~1.6 centimetres of aluminium by 1.7 centimetres~1.9 centimetres of long incision The aluminium apron that skin is rolled into, it is spare;
(5) from choiceness cutting orchard, logical straight healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm is chosen, axillary bud full current year raw half is wooden The spring tip of change makees scion, and every scion grafting fringe effective bud is put into clear water after adopting and soaks at 3 or more, is fitted into moisturizing in polybag;
(6) 0.3 centimetre~0.5 centimetre two sides are splayed below scion axillary bud, and 1.5 centimetres~1.7 centimetres of section length is simultaneously put down Sliding, side is cut to layer of wood, and cortex is pruned to forming layer in side;0.3 centimetre~0.5 centimeters are cut off above axillary bud, by leaf Piece cuts half, one bud of a leaf budder, be placed on spare in clear water;
(7) notch of rootstock seedling obtained by the inserting step that will budder (4), rootstock seedling and the forming layer side buddered connect to just Bastem portion is close to rootstock seedling kerf bottom, and aluminium apron is entangled joint portion and is gradually clutched from top to bottom, makes to budder and rootstock seedling It combines closely to get the grafting of plant;
(8) shift to an earlier date the 12-14 days newly-ploughed mountainous region loess 60%~70% for choosing sieving, the turf ash 40% of sieving~ 45%, the Nutrition Soil of compound fertilizer 5%~7% mix thoroughly mixing after be packed into Light media non-woven container, above spread one layer 1.4 centimetres~ The yellow mud of 1.6 cm thicks, it is spare;
(9) grafting obtained by step (7) is planted in the Light media non-woven container of step (8), is higher than graft union Native face, sediment prevention incoming interface have the Light media non-woven container of grafting to be placed on seedbed plant, sprinkle profoundly water once, Bamboo chip curves arch insertion seedbed both sides, covers moisturizing with plastic film above, surrounding soil pressure is tight, keeps its close airtight;If When temperature is more than 35 DEG C, film both ends, cooling ventilation are opened;
(10) 1.7 meters high~1.8 meters of shading shed is built above seedbed, degree of shading is 70%~80%;Control plastics Thin temperature in the shed is at 25 DEG C~28 DEG C, and humidity is 70%~80%;
(11) it after sealing 35 days, raises film and removes debudding;After 45 days, film both ends are opened at night, daytime covers back;65 days Rainy days is all removed film in selection afterwards;It is primary every 20 days~22 days debuddings and pull out miscellaneous after removing debudding for the first time Grass, meanwhile, the urea of 1 0.2-0.4% or the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution of 0.2-0.4% were sprayed every 25-28 days, until October Part, apply fertilizer first diazonium fertilizer, weighs potash fertilizer afterwards;After mid-November, shading shed is gradually removed, carries out hardening, until spring next year transplants;
(12) during the nursery of step (9) to step (11), disease control is carried out in time.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The present invention is directly planted oil tea grafting into cultivating in Light media non-woven container, It is not required to slow seedling growth fastly, seedling qualification rate reaches 70% or so, and seedling convenient in carrying is time saving and energy saving, saves artificial 60%.This hair Bright to cultivate qualified seedling without transplanting again, the root system of oil tea grafting is not damaged, and Light media non-woven container is planted together Plant survives height, and the large area surrival rate of afforestation is up to 98%.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail, herein illustrative examples and explanation of the invention For explaining the present invention, but it is not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of breeding method of tea oil tree, includes the following steps:
(1) tea fruit is dried in the shade the tea seed of natural cracking abjection, selects that its full grain is big, seed of no disease and pests harm, with 75% first 120 grams of base thiophanate wettable powder is watered 20 liters or sterilizes 15 points with 60% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of liquid seed soaking Clock, sand hiding is spare after drying in the shade;
(2) after early March temperature is stablized, clean sand is selected, sterilizes final finishing into high 12 centimetres of casting bed and pressing; The seed of sand hiding, one layer of seed of heavy seeding on casting bed, then 20 centimetres of lid of layer of sand are taken out, and flattens, compress, is covered with film;
(3) between April~May, the tea seed rootstock seedling length that grows of germination is at 12 centimetres, 5 centimetres of diameter and layer of sand is exposed at end When, rootstock seedling is risen, sand is cleaned, is put into 800 times of 60% carbendazol wettable powder liquid sterilizing 2 minutes;
(4) upper and lower ends for cutting off rootstock seedling, make blastema, radicle retain 5 centimetres, longitudinal sectional from inside to outside in the middle part of blastema One knife, 1.7 centimetres of long incision, put on long 5 centimetres, wide 1.4 centimetres of aluminum cover rolls at aluminium apron, it is spare;
(5) from choiceness cutting orchard, logical straight healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm is chosen, axillary bud full current year raw half is wooden The spring tip of change makees scion, and every scion grafting fringe effective bud is put into clear water after adopting and soaks at 3 or more, is fitted into moisturizing in polybag;
(6) 0.3 centimetre of two sides is splayed below scion axillary bud, and long 1.5 centimetres of section is simultaneously smooth, and side is cut to layer of wood, Cortex is pruned to forming layer in side;0.3 centimeters are cut off above axillary bud, and blade is cut half, a leaf one bud connect Bud is placed on spare in clear water;
(7) notch of rootstock seedling obtained by the inserting step that will budder (4), rootstock seedling and the forming layer side buddered connect to just Bastem portion is close to rootstock seedling kerf bottom, and aluminium apron is entangled joint portion and is gradually clutched from top to bottom, makes to budder and rootstock seedling It combines closely to get the grafting of plant;
(8) shift to an earlier date the 12 days newly-ploughed mountainous region loess 60% for choosing sieving, the turf ash 40% of sieving, the battalion of compound fertilizer 5% Feeding soil is packed into Light media non-woven container after mixing mixing thoroughly, spreads the yellow mud of one layer of 1.4 cm thick above, spare;
(9) grafting obtained by step (7) is planted in the Light media non-woven container of step (8), is higher than graft union Native face, sediment prevention incoming interface have the Light media non-woven container of grafting to be placed on seedbed plant, sprinkle profoundly water once, Bamboo chip curves arch insertion seedbed both sides, covers moisturizing with plastic film above, surrounding soil pressure is tight, keeps its close airtight;If When temperature is more than 35 DEG C, film both ends, cooling ventilation are opened;
(10) high 1.7 meters of shading shed, degree of shading 70% are built above seedbed;Temperature is 25 in control plastic film DEG C, humidity is 70%;
(11) it after sealing 35 days, raises film and removes debudding;After 45 days, film both ends are opened at night, daytime covers back;65 days Rainy days is all removed film in selection afterwards;It is primary every 20 days debuddings and weed out the rank grass after removing debudding for the first time, together When, 1 time 0.2% urea or 0.2% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution were sprayed every 25 days, until October, apply fertilizer first diazonium fertilizer, Potash fertilizer is weighed afterwards;After mid-November, shading shed is gradually removed, carries out hardening, until spring next year transplants;
(12) during the nursery of step (9) to step (11), disease control is carried out in time.
Embodiment 2
A kind of breeding method of tea oil tree, includes the following steps:
(1) tea fruit is dried in the shade the tea seed of natural cracking abjection, selects that its full grain is big, seed of no disease and pests harm, with 80% first 140 grams of base thiophanate wettable powder is watered 25 liters or sterilizes 20 points with 70% carbendazol wettable powder, 850 times of liquid seed soaking Clock, sand hiding is spare after drying in the shade;
(2) after early March temperature is stablized, clean sand is selected, sterilizes final finishing into high 14 centimetres of casting bed and pressing; The seed of sand hiding, one layer of seed of heavy seeding on casting bed, then 25 centimetres of lid of layer of sand are taken out, and flattens, compress, is covered with film;
(3) between April~May, the tea seed rootstock seedling length that grows of germination is at 14 centimetres, 7 centimetres of diameter and layer of sand is exposed at end When, rootstock seedling is risen, sand is cleaned, is put into 850 times of 70% carbendazol wettable powder liquid sterilizing 4 minutes;
(4) upper and lower ends for cutting off rootstock seedling, make blastema, radicle retain 7 centimetres, longitudinal sectional from inside to outside in the middle part of blastema One knife, 1.9 centimetres of long incision, put on long 7 centimetres, wide 1.6 centimetres of aluminum cover rolls at aluminium apron, it is spare;
(5) from choiceness cutting orchard, logical straight healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm is chosen, axillary bud full current year raw half is wooden The spring tip of change makees scion, and every scion grafting fringe effective bud is put into clear water after adopting and soaks at 3 or more, is fitted into moisturizing in polybag;
(6) 0.5 centimetre of two sides is splayed below scion axillary bud, and long 1.7 centimetres of section is simultaneously smooth, and side is cut to layer of wood, Cortex is pruned to forming layer in side;0.5 centimeters are cut off above axillary bud, and blade is cut half, a leaf one bud connect Bud is placed on spare in clear water;
(7) notch of rootstock seedling obtained by the inserting step that will budder (4), rootstock seedling and the forming layer side buddered connect to just Bastem portion is close to rootstock seedling kerf bottom, and aluminium apron is entangled joint portion and is gradually clutched from top to bottom, makes to budder and rootstock seedling It combines closely to get the grafting of plant;
(8) shift to an earlier date the 14 days newly-ploughed mountainous region loess 70% for choosing sieving, the turf ash 45% of sieving, the battalion of compound fertilizer 7% Feeding soil is packed into Light media non-woven container after mixing mixing thoroughly, spreads the yellow mud of one layer of 1.6 cm thick above, spare;
(9) grafting obtained by step (7) is planted in the Light media non-woven container of step (8), is higher than graft union Native face, sediment prevention incoming interface have the Light media non-woven container of grafting to be placed on seedbed plant, sprinkle profoundly water once, Bamboo chip curves arch insertion seedbed both sides, covers moisturizing with plastic film above, surrounding soil pressure is tight, keeps its close airtight;If When temperature is more than 35 DEG C, film both ends, cooling ventilation are opened;
(10) high 1.8 meters of shading shed, degree of shading 80% are built above seedbed;Temperature is 28 in control plastic film DEG C, humidity is 80%;
(11) it after sealing 35 days, raises film and removes debudding;After 45 days, film both ends are opened at night, daytime covers back;65 days Rainy days is all removed film in selection afterwards;It is primary every 22 days debuddings and weed out the rank grass after removing debudding for the first time, together When, 1 time 0.4% urea or 0.4% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution were sprayed every 28 days, until October, apply fertilizer first diazonium fertilizer, Potash fertilizer is weighed afterwards;After mid-November, shading shed is gradually removed, carries out hardening, until spring next year transplants;
(12) during the nursery of step (9) to step (11), disease control is carried out in time.
Embodiment 3
A kind of breeding method of tea oil tree, includes the following steps:
(1) tea fruit is dried in the shade the tea seed of natural cracking abjection, selects that its full grain is big, seed of no disease and pests harm, with 78% first 130 grams of base thiophanate wettable powder is watered 23 liters or sterilizes 18 with the 830 times of liquid seed soaking of 60-70% carbendazol wettable powder Minute, sand hiding is spare after drying in the shade;
(2) after early March temperature is stablized, clean sand is selected, sterilizes final finishing into high 13 centimetres of casting bed and pressing; The seed of sand hiding, one layer of seed of heavy seeding on casting bed, then 23 centimetres of lid of layer of sand are taken out, and flattens, compress, is covered with film;
(3) between April~May, the tea seed rootstock seedling length that grows of germination is at 13 centimetres, 6 centimetres of diameter and layer of sand is exposed at end When, rootstock seedling is risen, sand is cleaned, is put into 830 times of 65% carbendazol wettable powder liquid sterilizing 3 minutes;
(4) upper and lower ends for cutting off rootstock seedling, make blastema, radicle retain 6 centimetres, longitudinal sectional from inside to outside in the middle part of blastema One knife, 1.8 centimetres of long incision, put on long 6 centimetres, wide 1.5 centimetres of aluminum cover rolls at aluminium apron, it is spare;
(5) from choiceness cutting orchard, logical straight healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm is chosen, axillary bud full current year raw half is wooden The spring tip of change makees scion, and every scion grafting fringe effective bud is put into clear water after adopting and soaks at 3 or more, is fitted into moisturizing in polybag;
(6) 0.4 centimetre of two sides is splayed below scion axillary bud, and long 1.6 centimetres of section is simultaneously smooth, and side is cut to layer of wood, Cortex is pruned to forming layer in side;0.4 centimeters are cut off above axillary bud, and blade is cut half, a leaf one bud connect Bud is placed on spare in clear water;
(7) notch of rootstock seedling obtained by the inserting step that will budder (4), rootstock seedling and the forming layer side buddered connect to just Bastem portion is close to rootstock seedling kerf bottom, and aluminium apron is entangled joint portion and is gradually clutched from top to bottom, makes to budder and rootstock seedling It combines closely to get the grafting of plant;
(8) shift to an earlier date the 13 days newly-ploughed mountainous region loess 65% for choosing sieving, the turf ash 43% of sieving, the battalion of compound fertilizer 6% Feeding soil is packed into Light media non-woven container after mixing mixing thoroughly, spreads the yellow mud of one layer of 1.5 cm thick above, spare;
(9) grafting obtained by step (7) is planted in the Light media non-woven container of step (8), is higher than graft union Native face, sediment prevention incoming interface have the Light media non-woven container of grafting to be placed on seedbed plant, sprinkle profoundly water once, Bamboo chip curves arch insertion seedbed both sides, covers moisturizing with plastic film above, surrounding soil pressure is tight, keeps its close airtight;If When temperature is more than 35 DEG C, film both ends, cooling ventilation are opened;
(10) high 1.7 meters of shading shed, degree of shading 75% are built above seedbed;Temperature is 27 in control plastic film DEG C, humidity is 75%;
(11) it after sealing 35 days, raises film and removes debudding;After 45 days, film both ends are opened at night, daytime covers back;65 days Rainy days is all removed film in selection afterwards;It is primary every 21 days debuddings and weed out the rank grass after removing debudding for the first time, together When, 1 time 0.3% urea or 0.3% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution were sprayed every 26 days, until October, apply fertilizer first diazonium fertilizer, Potash fertilizer is weighed afterwards;After mid-November, shading shed is gradually removed, carries out hardening, until spring next year transplants;
(12) during the nursery of step (9) to step (11), disease control is carried out in time.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of breeding method of tea oil tree, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1) tea fruit is dried in the shade the tea seed of natural cracking abjection, selects that its full grain is big, seed of no disease and pests harm, with 75-80% methyl 120-140 grams of thiophanate wettable powder be watered 20 liters~25 liters or with 800 times of liquid of 60-70% carbendazol wettable powder~ 850 times of liquid seed soaking sterilize 15-20 minutes, and sand hiding is spare after drying in the shade;
(2) after early March temperature is stablized, select clean sand, disinfection final finishing at 12 centimetres high~14 centimetres of casting bed simultaneously It flattens;The seed of sand hiding, one layer of seed of heavy seeding on casting bed, then 20 centimetres~25 centimetres of lid of layer of sand are taken out, and flattens, press Tightly, it is covered with film;
(3) between April~May, the tea seed rootstock seedling length that grows of germination at 12 centimetres~14 centimetres, 5 centimetres~7 centimetres of diameter and When layer of sand is exposed at end, rootstock seedling is risen, cleans sand, be put into 800 times of liquid~850 times of 60-70% carbendazol wettable powder Liquid sterilizing 2-4 minutes;
(4) upper and lower ends for cutting off rootstock seedling, make blastema, radicle retain 5 centimetres~7 centimetres, in the middle part of blastema from inside to outside Vertical partial application, is put on long 5 centimetres~7 centimetres, 1.4 centimetres wide~1.6 centimetres of aluminum cover rolls by 1.7 centimetres~1.9 centimetres of long incision At aluminium apron, it is spare;
(5) from choiceness cutting orchard, logical straight healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm is chosen, axillary bud full current year raw semi-lignified The spring tip makees scion, and every scion grafting fringe effective bud is put into clear water after adopting and soaks at 3 or more, is fitted into moisturizing in polybag;
(6) 0.3 centimetre~0.5 centimetre two sides are splayed below scion axillary bud, and long 1.5 centimetres~1.7 centimetres of section is simultaneously smooth, and one Side is cut to layer of wood, and cortex is pruned to forming layer in side;0.3 centimetre~0.5 centimeters are cut off above axillary bud, and blade is cut Half, one bud of a leaf budder, be placed on spare in clear water;
(7) notch of rootstock seedling obtained by the inserting step that will budder (4), rootstock seedling and the forming layer side buddered are to base of just, buddering Portion is close to rootstock seedling kerf bottom, and aluminium apron is entangled joint portion and is gradually clutched from top to bottom, makes to budder close with rootstock seedling In conjunction with the grafting to get plant;
(8) shift to an earlier date the 12-14 days newly-ploughed mountainous region loess 60%~70% for choosing sieving, the turf ash 40%~45% of sieving is multiple The Nutrition Soil in Hefei 5%~7% is packed into Light media non-woven container after mixing mixing thoroughly, spreads one layer 1.4 centimetres~1.6 centimetres above Thick yellow mud, it is spare;
(9) grafting obtained by step (7) is planted in the Light media non-woven container of step (8), graft union is made to be higher than native face, Sediment prevention incoming interface has the Light media non-woven container of grafting to be placed on seedbed plant, sprinkles profoundly water once, and bamboo chip is curved Arched insertion seedbed both sides cover moisturizing with plastic film above, and surrounding soil pressure is tight, keeps its close airtight;If temperature is super When crossing 35 DEG C, film both ends, cooling ventilation are opened;
(10) 1.7 meters high~1.8 meters of shading shed is built above seedbed, degree of shading is 70%~80%;Control plastic film Interior temperature is at 25 DEG C~28 DEG C, and humidity is 70%~80%;
(11) it after sealing 35 days, raises film and removes debudding;After 45 days, film both ends are opened at night, daytime covers back;It is selected after 65 days It selects rainy days and all removes film;It is primary every 20 days~22 days debuddings and weed out the rank grass after removing debudding for the first time, together When, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution of urea or 0.2-0.4% that 1 0.2-0.4% was sprayed every 25-28 days is applied until October Fertile elder generation's diazonium fertilizer, weighs potash fertilizer afterwards;After mid-November, shading shed is gradually removed, carries out hardening, until spring next year transplants;
(12) during the nursery of step (9) to step (11), disease control is carried out in time.
CN201710206865.7A 2017-03-31 2017-03-31 A kind of breeding method of tea oil tree Withdrawn CN108901524A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109618800A (en) * 2019-01-23 2019-04-16 张龙成 A kind of biennial oil tea Light media method for culturing seedlings
CN112640720A (en) * 2021-01-04 2021-04-13 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 Rapid breeding method for germplasm resources of rare and thick-axis tea

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109618800A (en) * 2019-01-23 2019-04-16 张龙成 A kind of biennial oil tea Light media method for culturing seedlings
CN109618800B (en) * 2019-01-23 2021-07-02 张龙成 Light medium seedling culture method for two-year-old camellia oleifera
CN112640720A (en) * 2021-01-04 2021-04-13 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 Rapid breeding method for germplasm resources of rare and thick-axis tea

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Application publication date: 20181130