CN108891445A - A kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108891445A CN108891445A CN201810679634.2A CN201810679634A CN108891445A CN 108891445 A CN108891445 A CN 108891445A CN 201810679634 A CN201810679634 A CN 201810679634A CN 108891445 A CN108891445 A CN 108891445A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement methods, belong to train wheel parameter detecting technical field.Train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention, including being set in turn in velocity sensor, wheel alignment sensor, laser displacement sensor I, laser displacement sensor II and shutdown switch on the inside of track along This train is bound for XXX, wherein the detection light beam of laser displacement sensor I and laser displacement sensor II is each perpendicular to rim face in wheel, and the detection light beam of laser displacement sensor I and the inclined angle α of rail top face；When wheel alignment sensor is triggered by wheel, two laser displacement sensors are acquired simultaneously, when shutdown switch is triggered by wheel, two laser displacement sensors are simultaneously stopped acquisition, collected data are handled, the on-line dynamic measurement of train wheel geometric parameter can be realized, and measurement accuracy is high, speed is fast, measurement range is big.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to train wheel parameter detecting technical fields, more specifically to a kind of train wheel geometric parameters
Number on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method.
Background technique
Train wheel is one of most important running part of rail transit train, it carries all dynamic and static loads of train
Lotus.But during train operation, due to rubbing for a long time between wheel and track, different degrees of abrasion can be caused to wheel,
Such as diameter abrasion, flange wear.Diameter abrasion will lead to same vehicle or unit-frame or with transfinite to wheel footpath difference and wheel rim height increase
Greatly, flange wear will lead to flange thickness reduce and wheel rim integrated value reduce, these the occurrence of traffic safety can all be made
At very big threat.Therefore, the diameter (D of train wheel in time, is quickly and accurately measuredT), wheel rim high (Sh), wheel rim it is thick
(Sd), the geometric parameters such as wheel rim integrated value (Qr), for ensureing that the traffic safety of train is of great significance.
The detection means of existing wheel geometric parameter mainly includes manual measurement and static measurement.Wherein, manual measurement master
If carrying out rough measure to wheel geometric parameter using the 4th kind of detector and wheel footpath ruler, measurement advantage is that equipment investment is low,
The disadvantage is that precision is low, human input is big, measurement period is long.Static measurement is to carry out wheel geometric parameters using special equipments such as lathes
A kind of means of number measurement, measurement advantage are precision height, the disadvantage is that equipment investment is big, at high cost, need to expend a large amount of people
Power and material resources, and measurement period is longer, to influence the normal use of train.
Various limitations as existing for manual measurement and static measurement, present more and more people concentrate on online dynamic
The research of measurement method.Such as, application number 200610155282.8 discloses a kind of vehicle wheel to diameter online test method and dress
It sets, the letter for the base position that this method is detected using projection information of the structured light light source on wheel tread and displacement sensor
Breath detects wheel average diameter parameter and left and right wheels wheel footpath difference parameter, but this method exists and to be influenced, be responded by ambient light
The disadvantages such as speed is slow, measurement accuracy is low.Application number 201410519742.5 discloses a kind of municipal rail train wheelset profile and examines online
Method and device is surveyed, this application measures the wheel rim of different moments tyre tread contour line most based on two-dimensional laser displacement transducer technology
The point of different moments is reverted to the coordinate value under synchronization in situation known to speed by low spot coordinate, using 3 points at
Round principle fits the circle where wheel rim vertex, then obtains wheel with the wheel rim height that wheel rim vertex circular diameter subtracts twice
Diameter.This method due to speed as it is known that in the seat reverted to the value of different moments wheel rim minimum point under synchronization
During scale value, due to the deviation of speed, the coordinate value after causing reduction is distorted, the wheel rim apex circle after eventually leading to fitting
Diameter has biggish deviation.
Summary of the invention
1. technical problems to be solved by the inivention
Present invention aims to overcome that it is above insufficient existing for existing train wheel parameter detecting, provide a kind of train vehicle
Take turns geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method.Train wheel geometry can be realized using measurement method of the invention
The on-line dynamic measurement of parameter, and measurement accuracy is high, speed is fast, measurement range is big.
2. technical solution
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical solution provided by the invention is：
First, a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention, including along This train is bound for XXX
Velocity sensor, wheel alignment sensor, the laser displacement sensor I, laser displacement sensor being set in turn on the inside of track
II and shutdown switch, wherein the detection light beam of laser displacement sensor I and laser displacement sensor II is each perpendicular to rim in wheel
Face, and the detection light beam of laser displacement sensor I and the inclined angle α of rail top face.
Further, the detection beam orthogonal of the laser displacement sensor II is in rail top face.
Further, the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor II and the inclined angle β of rail top face.
Further, the laser displacement sensor I and laser displacement sensor II is installed by movable support
In track medial surface, and the upper plane of movable support is parallel with rail top face and contact with wheel rim to be measured, and with wheel
Rolling carries out servo-actuated up and down.
Further, the laser displacement sensor I and laser displacement sensor II is all made of two-dimensional laser displacement
Sensor, and its sample frequency K is identical.
Further, the angle between detection light beam and the rail top face of the laser displacement sensor I is 30 °≤α
≤80°。
Second, a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method of the invention, is surveyed using dynamic of the invention
Amount device measures, and when wheel alignment sensor is triggered by wheel, two laser displacement sensors are acquired simultaneously, when
When shutdown switch is triggered by wheel, two laser displacement sensors are simultaneously stopped acquisition, by collected data transmission to data
The geometric parameter that processing system is handled to get train wheel, concrete processing procedure are：
(1) wheel rim vertex circular diameter is calculated：Find the most narrow spacing that laser displacement sensor I surveys first contour line midpoint
From the as distance value L on institute's measuring wheel edge vertex calculates wheel rim vertex circular diameter D, and calculation formula is as follows：
In above formula：L1For laser displacement sensor I sensing head and wheel alignment sensor along be parallel to rail top face it
Between distance, wheel rim minimum point arrives the distance between wheel alignment sensor when Δ L is triggered for wheel alignment sensor,
mm；Δ t is time interval when wheel alignment sensor is triggered to laser displacement sensor I first contour line of acquisition, i.e.,
The response time of wheel alignment sensor, ms；h1For laser displacement sensor I sensing head to movable support on plane away from
From；Δ L, Δ t and h1It is demarcated as known quantity at the beginning of installation；V is train running speed, and mm/ms is measured by velocity sensor
It obtains；
(2) it calculates and passes through wheel normal or the profile closest to wheel normal in laser displacement sensor I institute measuring wheel profile
Line, and calculated result round, calculation formula are：
In above formula, C is to pass through wheel normal or closest to the wheel of wheel normal in laser displacement sensor I institute measuring wheel profile
Profile number sequence number；R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, mm；K is the sample frequency of laser displacement sensor, KHz；
(3) choose first contour line being surveyed of laser displacement sensor II, and by institute's measuring wheel profile at each point away from
Diameter value D is converted into from valuei, calculation formula is：
In formula, R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, mm；L2For the sensing head of laser displacement sensor II and wheel alignment
Sensor edge is parallel to the distance between rail top face, h2For plane on the sensing head to movable support of laser displacement sensor II
Distance；YiFor the distance value at each point in selected contour line, mm, i=1,2,3 ... ...；
(4) it calculates laser displacement sensor I and surveys the corresponding diameter value D of distance value in the C articles contour line at each pointj,
Calculation formula is：
Dj=D-2 (Zj- Z) (j=1,2,3 ... ...)
In formula：D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, mm；Z by the distance value on wheel rim vertex in the C articles contour line of survey,
mm；ZjBy the distance value of other each points, mm in the C articles contour line of survey；
(5) interception laser displacement sensor I surveys the diameter on rim face to wheel rim vertex in wheel in the C articles contour line, and
In conjunction with itself X axis coordinate of laser displacement sensor I, set of coordinates { (X is constitutedd, Dd)}；Interception laser displacement sensor II is surveyed
In first contour line outside wheel rim vertex to wheel rim face diameter, and the X axis coordinate knot with laser displacement sensor II itself
It closes, constitutes set of coordinates { (Xe, De)}；By the set of coordinates of interception, point splices characterized by wheel rim vertex again, and when splicing removes one
A duplicate wheel rim apex coordinate, and X-coordinate is integrated, as abscissa zero point, the rim face to outside wheel is in rim face using in wheel
X-axis obtains diameter the set of coordinates { (X of rim face to the outer rim face different location out of wheelf, Df)}；
(6) in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find Xf=d or from diameter corresponding to the immediate abscissa of d to get vehicle
Wheel tread diameter DT, wherein d is that wheel diameter measures the distance between rim face in basic point and wheel, and wheel rim is a height of
Further, in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim thickness measurement basic point corresponding to cross on the outside of wheel rim
Coordinate Xh, abscissa corresponding to rim face is denoted as X in wheel1, then wheel rim thickness is Sd=Xh-X1；In set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in look for
To the abscissa X measured with wheel rim integrated value on the outside of wheel rim corresponding to basic pointq, then wheel rim integrated value is Qr=Xh-Xq。
Third, a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method of the invention, using dynamic in claim 3
State measuring device measures, and when wheel alignment sensor is triggered by wheel, two laser displacement sensors are adopted simultaneously
Collection, when shutdown switch is triggered by wheel, two laser displacement sensors are simultaneously stopped acquisition, extremely by collected data transmission
The geometric parameter that data processing system is handled to get train wheel, concrete processing procedure are：
(1) wheel rim vertex circular diameter is calculated：Find the most narrow spacing that laser displacement sensor I surveys first contour line midpoint
From the as distance value L on institute's measuring wheel edge vertex calculates wheel rim vertex circular diameter D, and calculation formula is as follows：
In above formula：L1For laser displacement sensor I sensing head and wheel alignment sensor along be parallel to rail top face it
Between distance, wheel rim minimum point arrives the distance between wheel alignment sensor when Δ L is triggered for wheel alignment sensor,
mm；Δ t is time interval when wheel alignment sensor is triggered to laser displacement sensor I first contour line of acquisition, i.e.,
The response time of wheel alignment sensor, ms；h1For laser displacement sensor I sensing head to movable support on plane away from
From；Δ L, Δ t and h1It is demarcated as known quantity at the beginning of installation；V is train running speed, and mm/ms is measured by velocity sensor
It obtains；
(2) it calculates and passes through wheel normal or the profile closest to wheel normal in laser displacement sensor I institute measuring wheel profile
Line, and calculated result round, calculation formula are：
In above formula, C is to pass through wheel normal or closest to the wheel of wheel normal in laser displacement sensor I institute measuring wheel profile
Profile number sequence number；R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, mm；K is the sample frequency of laser displacement sensor, KHz；
(3) it calculates and passes through wheel normal or the profile closest to wheel normal in laser displacement sensor II institute measuring wheel profile
Line, and calculated result round, calculation formula are：
In above formula, C ' is to pass through wheel normal or closest to wheel normal in laser displacement sensor II institute measuring wheel profile
Lines of outline number sequence number；L2For laser displacement sensor II sensing head and wheel alignment sensor along be parallel to rail top face it
Between distance, h2For the distance of plane on the sensing head to movable support of laser displacement sensor II；β is laser displacement sensor
The angle of the detection light beam and rail top face of II；
(4) diameter is converted by distance value corresponding to each point on the C articles contour line measured by laser displacement sensor I
Value, calculation formula are：
Di=D-2 (Zi- Z) (i=1,2,3 ...)
In formula：DiThe corresponding diameter of each point on the C articles contour line, unit mm are surveyed by laser displacement sensor I；Z is sharp
Optical displacement sensor I surveys the distance value on wheel rim vertex on the C articles contour line, unit mm；ZiIt is surveyed by laser displacement sensor I
The corresponding distance value of other each points on the C articles contour line, unit mm；
(5) laser displacement sensor II is surveyed into distance value corresponding to each point on the C ' articles contour line and is converted into diameter
Value, calculation formula are：
Dj=D-2 (Zj- Z) (j=1,2,3 ...)
In formula：DjThe corresponding diameter of each point on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm are surveyed by laser displacement sensor II；Z is
Laser displacement sensor II surveys the distance value on wheel rim vertex on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm；ZjFor laser displacement sensor
II surveys the corresponding distance value of other each points on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm；
(6) interception laser displacement sensor I surveys the diameter value in interior rim face on the C articles contour line to wheel rim apex segment, and
With laser displacement sensor I, itself X-coordinate is combined, and constitutes set of coordinates { (Xd, Dd)}；Intercept laser displacement sensor II C '
Wheel rim vertex is to the diameter value of outer rim face section on contour line, and with laser displacement sensor II, itself X-coordinate is combined, and is constituted
Set of coordinates { (Xe, De)}；By the set of coordinates of interception, point splices characterized by wheel rim vertex again, and a repetition is removed when splicing
Wheel rim apex coordinate, and X-coordinate is integrated, is that abscissa zero point rim face to outside wheel is obtained as X-axis using rim face in wheel
To diameter the set of coordinates { (X of rim face to the outer rim face different location out of wheelf, Df)}；
(7) in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find Xf=d or from diameter corresponding to the immediate abscissa of d to get vehicle
Wheel tread diameter DT, wherein d is that wheel diameter measures the distance between rim face in basic point and wheel, and wheel rim is a height of
Further, in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim thickness measurement basic point corresponding to cross on the outside of wheel rim
Coordinate Xh, abscissa corresponding to rim face is denoted as X in wheel1, then wheel rim thickness is Sd=Xh-X1；In set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in look for
To the abscissa X measured with wheel rim integrated value on the outside of wheel rim corresponding to basic pointq, then wheel rim integrated value is Qr=Xh-Xq。
3. beneficial effect
Using technical solution provided by the invention, compared with prior art, there is following remarkable result：
(1) a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention, including along This train is bound for XXX according to
The secondary velocity sensor being set on the inside of track, wheel alignment sensor, laser displacement sensor I, laser displacement sensor II
And shutdown switch, wherein the detection light beam of laser displacement sensor I and the inclined angle of rail top face, laser displacement sensor II
Detection beam orthogonal in rail top face or with the inclined angle of rail top face, can be to train using measuring device of the invention
The geometric parameters such as wheel tread diameter, wheel rim thickness, wheel rim height and the wheel rim integrated value of wheel carry out on-line dynamic measurement, and it is surveyed
Accuracy of measurement is higher, to advantageously ensure that the driving safety of train.
(2) a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention is used only two laser displacements and passes
Sensor and a velocity sensor, which can measure, obtains the parameters such as wheel diameter, wheel rim height, wheel rim thickness and wheel rim integrated value, cost
Low, structure and installation are simple, it is easy to accomplish.
(3) a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method of the invention, when wheel alignment sensor is by vehicle
When wheel triggering, two laser displacement sensors are acquired simultaneously, and when shutdown switch is triggered by wheel, two laser displacements are passed
Sensor is simultaneously stopped acquisition, collected data transmission to data processing system is handled, so as to the several of train
What parameter directly carries out on-line dynamic measurement, and measurement method is simple, at low cost, and precision is higher.
(4) a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method of the invention, using velocity sensor to train
Wheel velocity is measured in real time and as known quantity, so as to wheel alignment sensor because of response time bring
Error compensates, and further improves measurement accuracy.Meanwhile the present invention substantially increases the measurement of train wheel geometric parameter
Efficiency is conducive to save man power and material.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of wheel of the invention.
Drawing reference numeral explanation：1-1, laser displacement sensor I；1-2, laser displacement sensor II；2, velocity sensor；3,
Wheel alignment sensor；4, shutdown switch；5, movable support.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is relatively low for measurement accuracy existing for existing train wheel geometric parameter measurement and measurement efficiency
Problem, by lateral edge in orbit This train is bound for XXX set gradually velocity sensor, wheel alignment sensor, laser displacement pass
Sensor I, laser displacement sensor II and shutdown switch, velocity sensor, laser displacement sensor I, swash at wheel alignment sensor
Optical displacement sensor II and shutdown switch are connected with control system, and laser displacement sensor I, laser displacement sensor II are equal
It is connected with data processing system.Wherein the detection light beam of laser displacement sensor I and the inclined angle of rail top face, laser displacement
The detection light beam of sensor II it is vertical with rail top face or with the inclined angle of rail top face, when wheel alignment sensor is by wheel
When triggering, two laser displacement sensors are acquired simultaneously, when shutdown switch is triggered by wheel, two laser displacement sensings
Device is simultaneously stopped acquisition, and collected data transmission to data processing system is handled, so as to the geometry to train
Parameter directly carries out on-line dynamic measurement, and its measurement accuracy is higher.The installation site of above-mentioned each component need to guarantee when wheel is fixed
Level sensor and shutdown switch when being triggered by wheel train wheel to be measured sensed in laser displacement sensor I and laser displacement
In the measurement range of device II.Simultaneously the present invention using velocity sensor train wheel speed is measured in real time and as
Known quantity, so as to, because response time bring error compensates, further improve measurement to wheel alignment sensor
Precision.In addition, two laser displacement sensors and velocity sensor is used only i.e. in the present invention can measure obtain wheel diameter,
The parameters such as wheel rim height, wheel rim thickness and wheel rim integrated value, at low cost, structure and installation are simple, it is easy to accomplish.
To further appreciate that the contents of the present invention, now in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the present embodiment, including along train row
It sails the velocity sensor 2 that direction is set in turn on the inside of track, wheel alignment sensor 3, laser displacement sensor I 1-1, swash
Optical displacement sensor II 1-2 and shutdown switch 4, wherein laser displacement sensor I 1-1 and laser displacement sensor II 1-2
Detection light beam is each perpendicular to rim face in wheel, and the detection light beam of laser displacement sensor I 1-1 and the inclined folder of rail top face
The detection beam orthogonal of angle α, laser displacement sensor II 1-2 are in rail top face.Laser displacement sensor I 1- in the present embodiment
1 is all made of two-dimensional laser displacement sensor with laser displacement sensor II 1-2, and sample frequency K is identical, and the laser displacement
Sensor I 1-1 and laser displacement sensor II 1-2 and wheel alignment sensor 3 are installed in track by movable support 5
The upper plane of side, movable support 5 is parallel with rail top face and contacts with wheel rim to be measured, and carries out with wheel rolling
It is lower servo-actuated.As long as in the present embodiment movable support 5 meet can be pressed with wheel rim upper and while leaving the bracket carry out up and down with
Dynamic, i.e., when movable support 5 on pressure wheel, movable support is moved down, and movable support 5 then can be with when wheel rim leaves
It moves up and automatically resets.Specifically, movable support 5 is fixedly mounted on by elastic element such as spring in the present embodiment
On the inside of track, when train leaves movable support, movable support, which moves up, under the action of elastic element is resetted.
Train wheel geometric parameter is measured using the on-line dynamic measurement device of the present embodiment, when wheel alignment passes
When sensor 3 is triggered by wheel, two laser displacement sensors are acquired simultaneously, when shutdown switch 4 is triggered by wheel, two
Laser displacement sensor is simultaneously stopped acquisition, and collected data transmission to data processing system is handled to get train
The geometric parameter of wheel, concrete processing procedure (in conjunction with Fig. 3) are：
(1) wheel rim vertex circular diameter is calculated：It finds laser displacement sensor I 1-1 and surveys first contour line midpoint most
Small distance, as the distance value L on institute's measuring wheel edge vertex, calculate wheel rim vertex circular diameter D, and calculation formula is as follows：
In above formula：L1For laser displacement sensor I 1-1 sensing head and wheel alignment sensor 3 along being parallel to track top
The distance between face；Wheel rim minimum point is between wheel alignment sensor 3 when Δ L is triggered for wheel alignment sensor 3
Distance, mm；Δ t be wheel alignment sensor 3 be triggered to laser displacement sensor I 1-1 acquire first contour line when
Time interval, the i.e. response time of wheel alignment sensor 3, ms；h1For laser displacement sensor I 1-1 sensing head to activity
The distance of plane on bracket 5, can according to circumstances be set as 5mm≤h1≤50mm；Δ L, Δ t and h1It is demarcated as at the beginning of installation
Known quantity；V is train running speed, and mm/ms is obtained by the measurement of velocity sensor 2；The laser displacement sensor I 1-1's
The angle detected between light beam and rail top face is 30 °≤α≤80 °.
(2) it calculates in laser displacement sensor I 1-1 institute measuring wheel profile by wheel normal or closest to wheel normal
Contour line, and calculated result round, calculation formula are：
In above formula, C is to pass through wheel normal or closest to wheel normal in laser displacement sensor I 1-1 institute measuring wheel profile
Lines of outline number sequence number；R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, mm；K is the sample frequency of laser displacement sensor I 1-1.
(3) first contour line being surveyed of laser displacement sensor II 1-2 is chosen, and will be in institute's measuring wheel profile at each point
Distance value be converted into diameter value Di, calculation formula is：
In formula, R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, mm；L2It is fixed for the sensing head and wheel of laser displacement sensor II1-2
Level sensor 3 is along the distance for being parallel to rail top face direction, unit mm；h2Sensing head for laser displacement sensor II 1-2 arrives
The distance of plane on movable support 5, can be set as needed as 5mm≤h2≤50mm；YiAt each point in selected contour line
Distance value, mm, i=1,2,3 ... ...；
(4) it calculates laser displacement sensor I 1-1 and surveys the corresponding diameter value of distance value in the C articles contour line at each point
Dj, calculation formula is：
Dj=D-2 (Zj- Z) (j=1,2,3 ... ...)
In formula：D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, mm；Z by the distance value on wheel rim vertex in the C articles contour line of survey,
mm；ZjBy the distance value of other each points, mm in the C articles contour line of survey；
(5) interception laser displacement sensor I 1-1 surveys in the C articles contour line the straight of rim face to wheel rim vertex in wheel
Diameter, and in conjunction with laser displacement sensor I 1-1 itself X axis coordinate, constitute set of coordinates { (Xd, Dd)}；Intercept laser displacement sensing
Device II 1-2 surveys the diameter in rim face outside wheel rim vertex to wheel in first contour line, and with laser displacement sensor II 1-2
The X axis coordinate of itself combines, and constitutes set of coordinates { (Xe, De)}；By the set of coordinates of interception, point is spelled characterized by wheel rim vertex again
It connects, a duplicate wheel rim apex coordinate is removed when splicing, and X-coordinate is integrated, using rim face in wheel as abscissa zero
Point rim face to outside wheel is X-axis, obtains diameter the set of coordinates { (X of rim face to the outer rim face different location out of wheelf, Df)}；
(6) in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find Xf=d or from diameter corresponding to the immediate abscissa of d to get vehicle
Wheel tread diameter DT, wherein d is that wheel diameter measures the distance between rim face in basic point and wheel, and wheel rim is a height of
(7) in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim thickness measurement basic point corresponding to abscissa X on the outside of wheel rimh,
Abscissa corresponding to rim face is denoted as X in wheel1, then wheel rim thickness is Sd=Xh-X1.
(8) in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim integrated value measurement basic point corresponding to abscissa on the outside of wheel rim
Xq, then wheel rim integrated value is Qr=Xh-Xq。
Embodiment 2
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the present embodiment, structure are substantially same
Embodiment 1, difference essentially consist in：The detection light beam and rail top face of the 1-2 of laser displacement sensor II described in the present embodiment
Inclined angle β.Train wheel geometric parameter is measured using the measuring device of the present embodiment, works as wheel alignment sensor
3 by wheel when being triggered, and two laser displacement sensors are acquired simultaneously, when shutdown switch 4 is triggered by wheel, two laser
Displacement sensor is simultaneously stopped acquisition, and collected data transmission to data processing system is handled to get train wheel
Geometric parameter, concrete processing procedure is：
(1) wheel rim vertex circular diameter is calculated：It finds laser displacement sensor I 1-1 and surveys first contour line midpoint most
Small distance, as the distance value L on institute's measuring wheel edge vertex, calculate wheel rim vertex circular diameter D, and calculation formula is as follows：
In above formula：L1For laser displacement sensor I 1-1 sensing head and wheel alignment sensor 3 along being parallel to track top
The distance in face direction, unit mm；Δ L is that wheel rim minimum point is sensed to wheel alignment when wheel alignment sensor 3 is triggered
The distance between device 3, unit mm；Δ t is that wheel alignment sensor 3 is triggered to laser displacement sensor I 1-1 acquisition first
Time interval when contour line, the i.e. response time of wheel alignment sensor 3, ms；h1For laser displacement sensor I 1-1's
The distance for sensing plane on head to movable support 5, can according to circumstances be set as 5mm≤h1≤50mm；Δ L, Δ t and h1It is installing
At the beginning of be demarcated as known quantity；V is train running speed, and mm/ms is obtained by the measurement of velocity sensor 2；The laser displacement passes
Angle between detection light beam and the rail top face of sensor I 1-1 is 30 °≤α≤80 °.
(2) it calculates in laser displacement sensor I 1-1 institute measuring wheel profile by wheel normal or closest to wheel normal
Contour line, and calculated result round, calculation formula are：
In above formula, C is to pass through wheel normal or closest to wheel normal in laser displacement sensor I 1-1 institute measuring wheel profile
Lines of outline number sequence number；R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, mm；K is the sample frequency of laser displacement sensor I 1-1,
KHz；
(3) it calculates in laser displacement sensor II 1-2 institute measuring wheel profile by wheel normal or closest to wheel normal
Contour line, and calculated result round, calculation formula are：
In above formula, C ' is to pass through wheel normal or closest to wheel method in laser displacement sensor II 1-2 institute measuring wheel profile
The lines of outline number sequence number of line；L2It is sensing head and the wheel alignment sensor 3 of laser displacement sensor II 1-2 along being parallel to
The distance in rail top face direction, h2It, can for the distance of plane on the sensing head to movable support 5 of laser displacement sensor II 1-2
It is set as needed as 5mm≤h2≤50mm；The folder of detection light beam and rail top face that β is laser displacement sensor II 1-2
Angle may be configured as 30-80 °；
(4) it converts distance value corresponding to each point on the C articles contour line measured by laser displacement sensor I 1-1 to
Diameter value, calculation formula are：
Di=D-2 (Zi- Z) (i=1,2,3 ...)
In formula：DiThe corresponding diameter of each point on the C articles contour line, unit mm are surveyed by laser displacement sensor I 1-1；Z
The distance value on wheel rim vertex on the C articles contour line, unit mm are surveyed by laser displacement sensor I 1-1；ZiFor laser displacement biography
Sensor I 1-1 surveys the corresponding distance value of other each points on the C articles contour line, unit mm；
(5) laser displacement sensor II 1-2 distance value corresponding to each point on the C ' articles contour line is surveyed to be converted into directly
Diameter value, calculation formula are：
Dj=D-2 (Zj- Z) (j=1,2,3 ...)
In formula：DjThe corresponding diameter of each point on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm are surveyed by laser displacement sensor II 1-2；
Z is surveyed the distance value on wheel rim vertex on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm by laser displacement sensor II 1-2；ZjFor laser displacement
Sensor II 1-2 surveys the corresponding distance value of other each points on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm；
(6) interception laser displacement sensor I 1-1 surveys on the C articles contour line interior rim face to the diameter of wheel rim apex segment
Value, and combined with laser displacement sensor I 1-1 itself X-coordinate, constitute set of coordinates { (Xd, Dd)}；Intercept laser displacement sensing
The diameter value of wheel rim vertex to outer rim face section on device II the C ' articles contour line of 1-2, and with laser displacement sensor II 1-2 itself
X-coordinate combines, and constitutes set of coordinates { (Xe, De)}；By the set of coordinates of interception, point splices characterized by wheel rim vertex again, spells
A duplicate wheel rim apex coordinate is removed when connecing, and X-coordinate is integrated, and is abscissa zero point to vehicle using rim face in wheel
Taking turns outer rim face is X-axis, obtains diameter the set of coordinates { (X of rim face to the outer rim face different location out of wheelf, Df)}；
(7) in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find Xf=d or from diameter corresponding to the immediate abscissa of d to get vehicle
Wheel tread diameter DT, wherein d is that wheel diameter measures the distance between rim face in basic point and wheel, and wheel rim is a height of
(8) in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim thickness measurement basic point corresponding to abscissa X on the outside of wheel rimh,
Abscissa corresponding to rim face is denoted as X in wheel1, then wheel rim thickness is Sd=Xh-X1。
(9) in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim integrated value measurement basic point corresponding to abscissa on the outside of wheel rim
Xq, then wheel rim integrated value is Qr=Xh-Xq。
Embodiment 3
The train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method of the present embodiment are the same as embodiment 1 or 2, area
It does not essentially consist in：Wheel diameter measurement basic point takes 70mm with the distance between rim face in wheel d in the present embodiment.
Embodiment 4
The train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method of the present embodiment are the same as embodiment 1 or 2, area
It does not essentially consist in：The corresponding diameter D of wheel rim thickness measurement basic point in the present embodimenth=DT+20。
Embodiment 5
The train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method of the present embodiment are the same as embodiment 1 or 2, area
It does not essentially consist in：The corresponding diameter D of wheel rim thickness measurement basic point in the present embodimenth=DT+24。
Embodiment 6
The train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method of the present embodiment are the same as embodiment 1 or 2, area
It does not essentially consist in：The corresponding wheel rim outside diameter D of wheel rim integrated value measurement basic point in the present embodimentq=D-4.
Schematically the present invention and embodiments thereof are described above, description is not limiting, institute in attached drawing
What is shown is also one of embodiments of the present invention, and actual structure is not limited to this.So if the common skill of this field
Art personnel are enlightened by it, without departing from the spirit of the invention, are not inventively designed and the technical solution
Similar frame mode and embodiment, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device, it is characterised in that：Including along This train is bound for XXX successively
Velocity sensor (2), wheel alignment sensor (3), the laser displacement sensor I (1-1), laser displacement being set on the inside of track
Sensor II (1-2) and shutdown switch (4), wherein laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and laser displacement sensor II (1-2)
Detection light beam is each perpendicular to rim face in wheel, and the detection light beam of laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and the inclined folder of rail top face
Angle α.
2. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The detection beam orthogonal of laser displacement sensor II (1-2) is in rail top face.
3. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The detection light beam and the inclined angle β of rail top face of laser displacement sensor II (1-2).
4. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to any one of claim 1-3, special
Sign is：The laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and laser displacement sensor II (1-2) is installed by movable support (5)
It is parallel with rail top face in the upper plane of track medial surface, the movable support (5) and contacted with wheel rim to be measured, and with vehicle
Wheel rolling carries out servo-actuated up and down.
5. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to any one of claim 1-3, special
Sign is：The laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and laser displacement sensor II (1-2) is all made of two-dimensional laser displacement and passes
Sensor, and its sample frequency K is identical.
6. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to any one of claim 1-3, special
Sign is：Angle between detection light beam and the rail top face of the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) is 30 °≤α≤80 °.
7. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method, it is characterised in that：It is surveyed using the dynamic in claim 2
Amount device measures, and when wheel alignment sensor (3) is triggered by wheel, two laser displacement sensors are adopted simultaneously
Collection, when shutdown switch (4) is triggered by wheel, two laser displacement sensors are simultaneously stopped acquisition, and collected data are passed
It send to data processing system and is handled geometric parameter to get train wheel, concrete processing procedure is：
(1) wheel rim vertex circular diameter is calculated：Find the minimum that laser displacement sensor I (1-1) surveys first contour line midpoint
Distance, as the distance value L on institute's measuring wheel edge vertex, calculate wheel rim vertex circular diameter D, and calculation formula is as follows：
In above formula：L1Rail top face is parallel to for the sensing head of laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and wheel alignment sensor (3) edge
The distance in direction, Δ L be wheel alignment sensor (3) when being triggered wheel rim minimum point to wheel alignment sensor (3) it
Between distance, mm；Δ t is that wheel alignment sensor (3) are triggered to first profile of laser displacement sensor I (1-1) acquisition
The response time of time interval when line, i.e. wheel alignment sensor (3), ms；h1For the sense of laser displacement sensor I (1-1)
The distance of plane on gauge head to movable support (5)；Δ L and Δ t are demarcated as known quantity at the beginning of installation；V is train driving speed
Degree, mm/ms are obtained by velocity sensor (2) measurement；
(2) it calculates and passes through wheel normal or the profile closest to wheel normal in laser displacement sensor I (1-1) institute measuring wheel profile
Line, and calculated result round, calculation formula are：
In above formula, C is to pass through wheel normal or closest to wheel normal in laser displacement sensor I (1-1) institute measuring wheel profile
Lines of outline number sequence number；R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, mm；K is the sample frequency of laser displacement sensor I (1-1),
KHz；
(3) choose laser displacement sensor II (1-2) first contour line being surveyed, and by institute's measuring wheel profile at each point away from
Diameter value D is converted into from valuei, calculation formula is：
In formula, R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, mm；L2Sensing head and wheel alignment for laser displacement sensor II (1-2)
Sensor (3) is along the distance for being parallel to rail top face direction, h2It is propped up for the sensing head of laser displacement sensor II (1-2) to activity
The distance of plane on frame (5)；YiFor the distance value at each point in selected contour line, mm, i=1,2,3 ... ...；
(4) it calculates laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and surveys the corresponding diameter value D of distance value in the C articles contour line at each pointj,
Calculation formula is：
Dj=D-2 (Zj- Z) (j=1,2,3 ... ...)
In formula：D is wheel rim vertex circular diameter, mm；Z by the distance value on wheel rim vertex, mm in the C articles contour line of survey；ZjFor
Survey the distance value of other each points in the C articles contour line, mm；
(5) diameter on rim face to wheel rim vertex in wheel in the C articles contour line is surveyed in interception laser displacement sensor I (1-1), and
In conjunction with laser displacement sensor I (1-1) itself X axis coordinate, set of coordinates { (X is constitutedd, Dd)}；Intercept laser displacement sensor II
(1-2) surveys the diameter in rim face outside wheel rim vertex to wheel in first contour line, and certainly with laser displacement sensor II (1-2)
The X axis coordinate of body combines, and constitutes set of coordinates { (Xe, De)}；By the set of coordinates of interception, point is spelled characterized by wheel rim vertex again
It connects, a duplicate wheel rim apex coordinate is removed when splicing, and X-coordinate is integrated, using rim face in wheel as abscissa zero
Point rim face to outside wheel is X-axis, obtains diameter the set of coordinates { (X of rim face to the outer rim face different location out of wheelf, Df)}；
(6) in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find Xf=d or from diameter corresponding to the immediate abscissa of d to get wheel pedal
Face diameter DT, wherein d is that wheel diameter measures the distance between rim face in basic point and wheel, and wheel rim is a height of
8. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：It is sitting
Mark group { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim thickness measurement basic point corresponding to abscissa X on the outside of wheel rimh, in wheel corresponding to rim face
Abscissa be denoted as X1, then wheel rim thickness is Sd=Xh-X1；In set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim integrated value measurement basic point
Abscissa X on the outside of corresponding wheel rimq, then wheel rim integrated value is Qr=Xh-Xq。
9. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method, it is characterised in that：It is surveyed using the dynamic in claim 3
Amount device measures, and when wheel alignment sensor (3) is triggered by wheel, two laser displacement sensors are adopted simultaneously
Collection, when shutdown switch (4) is triggered by wheel, two laser displacement sensors are simultaneously stopped acquisition, and collected data are passed
It send to data processing system and is handled geometric parameter to get train wheel, concrete processing procedure is：
(1) wheel rim vertex circular diameter is calculated：Find the minimum that laser displacement sensor I (1-1) surveys first contour line midpoint
Distance, as the distance value L on institute's measuring wheel edge vertex, calculate wheel rim vertex circular diameter D, and calculation formula is as follows：
In above formula：L1Rail top face is parallel to for the sensing head of laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and wheel alignment sensor (3) edge
The distance between, Δ L be wheel alignment sensor (3) when being triggered wheel rim minimum point to wheel alignment sensor (3) it
Between distance, mm；Δ t is that wheel alignment sensor (3) are triggered to first profile of laser displacement sensor I (1-1) acquisition
The response time of time interval when line, i.e. wheel alignment sensor (3), ms；h1For the sense of laser displacement sensor I (1-1)
The distance of plane on gauge head to movable support (5)；Δ L, Δ t and h1It is demarcated as known quantity at the beginning of installation；V is train driving
Speed, mm/ms are obtained by velocity sensor (2) measurement；
(2) it calculates and passes through wheel normal or the profile closest to wheel normal in laser displacement sensor I (1-1) institute measuring wheel profile
Line, calculated result round, calculation formula are：
In above formula, C is to pass through wheel normal or closest to wheel normal in laser displacement sensor I (1-1) institute measuring wheel profile
Lines of outline number sequence number；R is wheel rim vertex radius of circle, mm；K is the sample frequency of laser displacement sensor I (1-1),
KHz；
(3) it calculates and passes through wheel normal or the wheel closest to wheel normal in laser displacement sensor II (1-2) institute measuring wheel profile
Profile, calculated result round, calculation formula are：
In above formula, C ' is to pass through wheel normal or closest to wheel normal in laser displacement sensor II (1-2) institute measuring wheel profile
Lines of outline number sequence number；L2It is parallel to for the sensing head and wheel alignment sensor (3) edge of laser displacement sensor II (1-2)
The distance between rail top face, h2For on the sensing head to movable support (5) of laser displacement sensor II (1-2) plane away from
From；β is the angle of the detection light beam and rail top face of laser displacement sensor II (1-2)；
(4) it converts distance value corresponding to each point on the C articles contour line measured by laser displacement sensor I (1-1) to directly
Diameter value, calculation formula are：
Di=D-2 (Zi- Z) (i=1,2,3 ...)
In formula：DiThe corresponding diameter of each point on the C articles contour line, unit mm are surveyed by laser displacement sensor I (1-1)；Z is sharp
Optical displacement sensor I (1-1) surveys the distance value on wheel rim vertex on the C articles contour line, unit mm；ZiFor laser displacement sensor
I (1-1) surveys the corresponding distance value of other each points on the C articles contour line, unit mm；
(5) laser displacement sensor II (1-2) is surveyed into distance value corresponding to each point on the C ' articles contour line and is converted into diameter
Value, calculation formula are：
Dj=D-2 (Zj- Z) (j=1,2,3......)
In formula：DjThe corresponding diameter of each point on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm are surveyed by laser displacement sensor II (1-2)；Z is
Laser displacement sensor II (1-2) surveys the distance value on wheel rim vertex on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm；ZjFor laser displacement biography
Sensor II (1-2) surveys the corresponding distance value of other each points on the C ' articles contour line, unit mm；
(6) diameter value in interior rim face on the C articles contour line to wheel rim apex segment is surveyed in interception laser displacement sensor I (1-1), and
With laser displacement sensor I (1-1), itself X-coordinate is combined, and constitutes set of coordinates { (Xd, Dd)}；Intercept laser displacement sensor II
The diameter value of wheel rim vertex to outer rim face section on (1-2) the C ' articles contour line, and with laser displacement sensor II (1-2) itself X
Coordinate combines, and constitutes set of coordinates { (Xe, De)}；By the set of coordinates of interception, point splices characterized by wheel rim vertex again, splices
When remove a duplicate wheel rim apex coordinate, and X-coordinate is integrated, is abscissa zero point to wheel using rim face in wheel
Outer rim face is X-axis, obtains diameter the set of coordinates { (X of rim face to the outer rim face different location out of wheelf, Df)}；
(7) in set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find Xf=d or from diameter corresponding to the immediate abscissa of d to get wheel pedal
Face diameter DT, wherein d is that wheel diameter measures the distance between rim face in basic point and wheel, and wheel rim is a height of
10. a kind of train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：?
Set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim thickness measurement basic point corresponding to abscissa X on the outside of wheel rimh, rim face institute is right in wheel
The abscissa answered is denoted as X1, then wheel rim thickness is Sd=Xh-X1；In set of coordinates { (Xf, Df) in find and wheel rim integrated value measurement base
Abscissa X on the outside of the corresponding wheel rim of pointq, then wheel rim integrated value is Qr=Xh-Xq。
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