CN108883856A - 具有挤出复合支撑块的托盘及其相关制造方法 - Google Patents

具有挤出复合支撑块的托盘及其相关制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108883856A
CN108883856A CN201680078190.6A CN201680078190A CN108883856A CN 108883856 A CN108883856 A CN 108883856A CN 201680078190 A CN201680078190 A CN 201680078190A CN 108883856 A CN108883856 A CN 108883856A
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China
Prior art keywords
supporting block
opening
block
pallet
pallet according
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CN201680078190.6A
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萨瑞尔·约翰那斯·戴比尔斯
肯·布兰特
马修·伍德
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Chep Technology Pty Ltd
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Chep Technology Pty Ltd
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Publication of CN108883856A publication Critical patent/CN108883856A/zh
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    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)

Abstract

一种包括货物层、底层以及将货物层与底层分开的多个支撑块组件的托盘。每个支撑块组件包括第一及第二支撑块。第一支撑块具有沿水平方向延伸通过所述第一支撑块的第一开口，以及第二支撑块具有沿水平方向延伸通过所述第二支撑块的第二开口。第二支撑块被***第一支撑块的第一开口。

Description

具有挤出复合支撑块的托盘及其相关制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及托盘领域，且更特别地涉及具有挤出复合支撑块的托盘及其相关制造方法。
背景技术
常规的托盘典型地由木头制成、且包括底层以及货物层，货物层通过支撑块而与底层分离。底层和货物层也称为底甲板与顶甲板。
常规地，底层和货物层为多层，每一层各自具有组装在连接板上的端甲板，所述连接板运行托盘的整个长度或宽度。将端甲板通过连接板钉入支撑块，以建立托盘的主要结构。端甲板也称为导板。中间甲板放置于端甲板之间。替代地，底层可为单层，其中端甲板不与连接板重叠。
为了移动具有货物在其上的托盘，叉车或托盘千斤顶的叉齿在托盘的导板侧被***底层与货物层之间的间隙。在某些情况下，叉车或托盘千斤顶的叉齿在对齐期间可能与支撑块接触。如果力量巨大，则支撑块可能受损。
支撑块通常为实木。实木支撑块提供良好的强度及耐久性。取决于它们的尺寸，实木支撑块可能很重，这增加了托盘的最终重量。每个实木支撑块的成本通常基于其体积和所使用的木材类型。
作为实木支撑块的替代，可以使用复合材料。Ingham的美国公开专利号2011/0192326公开了一种托盘，其包括第一甲板、第二甲板以及将第一甲板和第二甲板连接在一起以形成托盘的多个支撑块。支撑块包括至少一种回收热塑性组件，回收热塑性组件包括至少约20重量％的回收尼龙地毯材料。
Ingham公开了复合固体支撑块可以具有不同的形状和几何形状。为了形成复合支撑块，可以使用压缩成型、注入成型或挤出技术。由于复合材料的厚度，固体复合支撑块不易适应挤出。如果复合材料包括塑料，若塑料不能很好地冷却，塑料可能会变形。
作为固体复合支撑块的替代，Ingham还公开了一种中空复合支撑块，所述中空复合支撑块具有带有圆角区域和中空中心区域的大致矩形顶部。被挤压时，中空支撑块的较薄壁更快冷却。尽管与固体支撑块相比下中空复合支撑块具有减小的重量和体积，由于壁较薄，其可能不够坚固而足以承受沉重的托盘负载。因此，在支撑沉重的托盘负载时，需要有轻量复合中空支撑块。
发明内容
一种包括货物层、底层以及将货物层与底层分开的多个支撑块组件的托盘。每个支撑块组件可包括具有第一开口的第一支撑块以及具有第二开口的第二支撑块，第一开口沿水平方向延伸通过第一支撑块，第二开口沿水平方向延伸通过第二支撑块。第二支撑块可被***第一支撑块的第一开口。支撑块组件为中空结构，与单一固体支撑块相比，其有益地减少重量和成本，而仍然能提供用来支撑沉重托盘负载的强度和耐久性。
所述第二支撑块中的第二开口可与第一支撑块中的第一开口正交，以关闭第二开口。在此实施方式中，第二支撑块的暴露外侧壁可与第一支撑块的暴露外侧壁对齐。第一及第二支撑块的暴露外侧壁之间的接口可以紧密地密封。紧密地密封的支撑块组件防止紧固件被暴露在第二开口内以及防止灰尘和水累积在第二开口内。
所述托盘还可包括将货物层和底层耦合至多个支撑块组件的多个紧固件，所述多个紧固件延伸进入第二支撑块的相应的第二开口。
第一支撑块可为矩形且延伸通过第一支撑块的第一开口也可为矩形。第二支撑块可为矩形且延伸通过第二支撑块的第二开口也可为矩形。
第一及第二支撑块可包括复合材料。复合材料可包括木头及塑料。举例来说，复合材料可包括约50％的木头以及约50％的塑料。所述木头可包括木屑及木质废弃物至少其中之一，且所述塑料可包括回收塑料。货物层及底层可各包括多个木板。
另一方面是涉及一种制造托盘的方法，所述方法包括提供货物层及底层、以及形成将货物层与底层分开的多个支撑块组件。形成每个支撑块组件可包括形成具有第一开口的第一支撑块以及形成具有第二开口的第二支撑块，第一开口沿水平方向延伸通过第一支撑块，第二开口沿水平方向延伸通过第二支撑块。第二支撑块可被***第一支撑块的第一开口，以形成支撑块组件。所述方法还可包括将货物层及底层耦合至多个支撑块。为了形成第一及第二支撑块，可有益地使用挤出技术。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的具有挤出复合支撑块组件的托盘的透视图。
图2是图1所示的支撑块组件中第一支撑块的透视图。
图3是图1所示的支撑块组件中第二支撑块的透视图。
图4是部分地***第一支撑块以形成图1所示支撑块组件的第二支撑块的透视图。
图5是图1所示支撑块组件的透视图。
图6是图5所示支撑块组件的替代实施方式的透视图。
图7-9是具有图2所示第一支撑块的尺寸的俯视及侧视图。
图10-12是具有图3所示第二支撑块的尺寸的俯视及侧视图。
图13是图1所示托盘角落的部分截面图，所述托盘具有将货物层及底层耦合至支撑块组件的紧固件。
图14是制造如图1所示具有挤出复合支撑块组件的托盘的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下参考显示了本发明较佳实施方式的附图将可更完整描述本发明。然而，本发明可以用许多不同形式体现，并且不应被解读为限制于本文提出的实施方式。更确切而言，提供这些实施方式，使得此公开内容将会是全面且完整、且将本发明的范围完全传达给本领域的技术人员。相同的附图标记指的是遍及本文的相同组件，以及加撇(')符号用来表明替代实施方式中的类似组件。
现在参考图1-5，将讨论一种具有挤出复合支撑块组件50的托盘20。如图1所示，托盘20包括货物层30、底层40以及将货物层与底层分开的多个支撑块组件50。支撑块组件50位于托盘20的角落。中间支撑块55在支撑块组件50之间被间隔开。
每个支撑块组件50包括一对中空支撑块60、70，一个支撑块位于另一个支撑块内。每个中间支撑块55为单一固体支撑块。或者，每个中间支撑块55也可被配置为包括一对中空支撑块。
所示的货物层30包括组装在连接板34上的端甲板32，连接板34运行托盘20的整个长度或宽度。将端甲板32通过连接板34钉入支撑块组件50。端甲板32也称为导板。中间甲板36放置于端甲板32之间。所示的底层40包括不与连接板44重叠的端甲板42，以形成单一层。
如本领域技术人员所容易理解，所述货物层及底层30、40不限于所显示的实施方式。举例来说，所述货物层中的所述端甲板32及所述连接板34可不重叠以形成单一层。所述货物层及底层30、40中的板典型地是木头。
更特别的是，如图2及图3所示，每个支撑块组件50包括具有第一开口62的第一支撑块60以及具有第二开口72的第二支撑块70，所述第一开口62延伸通过所述第一支撑块60，所述第二开口72延伸通过所述第二支撑块70。所述第一支撑块60中的所述第一开口62与所述货物层及底层30、40对齐。对齐意指所述第一支撑块60被定向为使得所述第一开口62沿水平方向延伸。换句话说，所述第一开口62与所述货物层及底层30、40沿相同的水平方向延伸。类似地，所述第二支撑块70被定向为使得所述第二开口72也沿水平方向延伸。
如图4所示，所述第二支撑块70然后被***所述第一支撑块60的所述第一开口62。如图5所示，当完全***时，所述两个支撑块60、70因此形成所述支撑块组件50。所述支撑块组件50是中空结构，与单一实心支撑块相比，其减少了重量与成本，还更提供了支撑沉重托盘负载的强度和耐久性。
仍然参考图5，所述第二支撑块70中的所述第二开口72与所述第一支撑块60中的所述第一开口62正交，使得所述第二开口被关闭。换句话说，所述第二支撑块70在被***所述第一支撑块60中的所述第一开口62之前被旋转90度。所述支撑块组件50的这种配置提供了一种中空且完全关闭的支撑块组件。所述第二支撑块70的暴露外侧壁73与所述第一支撑块60的暴露外侧壁63对齐。
如图6所示，在所述支撑块组件50'的替代实施方式中，第二支撑块70'的方向与第一支撑块60'相同，使得当所述第二支撑块被***所述第一支撑块时，第二开口72'是暴露的。
现在参考图7-9，所述第一支撑块60的示例尺寸将被讨论。在俯视图中，所述第一支撑块60沿着边缘81的宽度是150mm、且沿着边缘82的深度是150mm。在朝向所述第一开口62观看的侧视图中，所述第一支撑块60沿着边缘83的高度是100mm。所述第一开口62上方及下方的壁84、85的厚度分别是12.5mm，使得所述第一开口沿着边缘86的高度是75mm。所述第一开口62的左侧及右侧的壁87、88的厚度分别是15mm，使得所述第一开口沿着边缘89的宽度是120mm。
现在参考图10-12，所述第二支撑块70的示例尺寸将被讨论。在俯视图中，所述第二支撑块70沿着边缘91的宽度是150mm、且沿着边缘92的深度是120mm。在朝向所述第二开口72观看的侧视图中，所述第二支撑块70沿着边缘93的高度是75mm。所述第二开口72上方及下方的壁94、95的厚度分别是12.5mm，使得所述第二开口沿着边缘96的高度是50mm。所述第二开口72的左侧及右侧的壁97、98的厚度分别是15mm，使得所述第二开口沿着边缘99的宽度是120mm。
所述第一及第二支撑块60、70是使用复合材料被形成。所述复合材料是木头与塑料的混合物。更特别的是，所述木头包括木屑及/或木质废弃物，且所述塑料包括但不限于适合用于托盘的高强度复合材料的塑料材料，例如可抗许多化学溶剂、碱及酸的热塑性聚合物。
举例来说，热塑性聚合物包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚氯乙烯、以及聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)。所述塑料可根据特定托盘设计、负载容量、以及其他需求而选择。所述塑料可以是回收塑料、原始塑料、或者其混合物。
用于所述支撑块60、70的复合混合物可在40-60％木头及60-40％回收塑料之间变化。在一个实施方式中，所述复合材料包括50％木头及50％回收塑料。
为了形成所述复合支撑块60、70，可使用压缩成型、注入成型，或挤出技术。如本领域技术人员可容易理解的，由于复合支撑块60、70是中空的，因为每个支撑块的“薄”壁在合理的周期时间内冷却，挤出是优选的制造技术。
此外，由于所述复合材料包括塑料，可使用热来密封所述第一及第二支撑块60、70之间的外部暴露接口，以紧密地密封所述第二开口72。这是为其中所述第二支撑块70中的所述第二开口72被正交地***所述第一支撑块60的所述第一开口62的配置而完成的。紧密地密封的第二开口72防止所述紧固件100暴露、以及防止灰尘和水累积在所述第二开口72内。
现在参考图13，紧固件100被用来将所述货物层30中的板耦合至所述支撑块组件50的上侧、以及将所述底层40中的板耦合至所述支撑块组件50的下侧。在所示出的实施方式中，所述紧固件100为钉子。举例来说，可使用其他类型的紧固件，例如螺丝。
所述紧固件100也将所述第一及第二支撑块60、70固定在原处。所述紧固件100延伸通过所述第一及第二支撑块60、70两者。因此，所述紧固件的尖端102被暴露在第二空腔72内。所述第一及第二支撑块60、70的另一个优点是，在所述支撑块组件50及所述货物层及底层30、40的板之间有弹性。举例来说，如果叉车的叉齿撞击所述货物层40中的所述端甲板32，冲击力量通过所述紧固件100被转移到所述支撑块组件50。所述第一及第二支撑块60、70之间的移动或移位帮助吸收一些冲击。
另一方面是与一种制造上述托盘20的方法有关。现在参考图14所示的流程图110，从一开始(方框112)，所述方法包括在方框114提供货物层30及底层40。所述方法还包括在方框116形成具有第一开口62的第一支撑块60以及在方框118形成具有第二开口72的第二支撑块70，所述第一开口62沿水平方向延伸通过所述第一支撑块60，所述第二开口72沿水平方向延伸通过所述第二支撑块70。在方框120，所述第二支撑块70被***所述第一支撑块60的所述第一开口62，以形成支撑块组件50。在方框122，所述货物层及底层30、40被耦合至多个支撑块组件50。所述方法在方框124结束。
本领域技术人员将会想到本发明的许多修饰与其他实施方式，其具有上述说明与附图中呈现教示的好处。因此，可理解本发明不限于所公开的特定实施方式，且修饰与实施方式旨在被包括于所附权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (25)

1.一种托盘，包括：
货物层；
底层；以及
将所述货物层与所述底层分开的多个支撑块组件，每个支撑块组件包括
具有第一开口的第一支撑块，所述第一开口沿水平方向延伸通过所述第一支撑块，以及
具有第二开口的第二支撑块，所述第二开口沿所述水平方向延伸通过所述第二支撑块，以及
所述第二支撑块被***所述第一支撑块的所述第一开口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的托盘，其特征在于所述第二支撑块中的所述第二开口与所述第一支撑块中的所述第一开口正交，以关闭所述第二开口。
3.根据权利要求2所述的托盘，其特征在于所述第二支撑块的暴露外侧壁与所述第一支撑块的暴露外侧壁对齐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的托盘，其特征在于所述第一及第二支撑块的所述暴露外侧壁之间的接口被密封。
5.根据权利要求1所述的托盘，其特征在于还包括将所述货物层和所述底层耦合至所述多个支撑块组件的多个紧固件，所述多个紧固件延伸进入所述第二支撑块的相应的第二开口。
6.根据权利要求1所述的托盘，其特征在于所述第一支撑块为矩形且延伸通过所述第一支撑块的所述第一开口也为矩形，以及其中所述第二支撑块为矩形且延伸通过所述第二支撑块的所述第二开口也为矩形。
7.根据权利要求1所述的托盘，其特征在于所述第一及第二支撑块包括复合材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的托盘，其特征在于所述复合材料包括木头及塑料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的托盘，其特征在于所述复合材料包括约50％的木头以及约50％的塑料。
10.根据权利要求8所述的托盘，其特征在于所述木头包括木屑及木质废弃物至少其中之一，且其中所述塑料包括回收塑料。
11.根据权利要求1所述的托盘，其特征在于所述货物层及所述底层中的每一个都包括多个木板。
12.一种托盘，包括：
货物层；
底层；以及
将所述货物层与所述底层分开的多个复合支撑块组件，每个复合支撑块组件包括
具有第一开口的第一复合支撑块，所述第一开口沿水平方向延伸通过所述第一复合支撑块，
具有第二开口的第二复合支撑块，所述第二开口沿所述水平方向延伸通过所述第二复合支撑块，
所述第一及第二复合支撑块包括复合材料，所述复合材料包括木头及塑料，以及
所述第二复合支撑块被***所述第一复合支撑块的所述第一开口，所述第二开口与所述第一复合支撑块中的所述第一开口正交，以关闭所述第二开口。
13.根据权利要求12所述的托盘，其特征在于所述第二复合支撑块的暴露外侧壁与所述第一复合支撑块的暴露外侧壁对齐。
14.根据权利要求13所述的托盘，其特征在于所述第一及第二复合支撑块的所述暴露外侧壁之间的接口被密封。
15.根据权利要求12所述的托盘，其特征在于还包括将所述货物层和所述底层耦合至所述多个复合支撑块组件的多个紧固件，所述多个紧固件延伸进入所述第二复合支撑块的相应的第二开口。
16.根据权利要求12所述的托盘，其特征在于所述复合材料包括约50％的木头以及约50％的塑料。
17.根据权利要求12所述的托盘，其特征在于所述木头包括木屑及木质废弃物至少其中之一，且其中所述塑料包括回收塑料。
18.一种制造托盘的方法，包括：
提供货物层及底层；
形成将所述货物层与所述底层分开的多个支撑块组件，形成每个支撑块组件包括
形成具有第一开口的第一支撑块，所述第一开口沿水平方向延伸通过所述第一支撑块，以及
形成具有第二开口的第二支撑块，所述第二开口沿所述水平方向延伸通过所述第二支撑块，以及
将所述第二支撑块***所述第一支撑块的所述第一开口；以及
将所述货物层及所述底层耦合至所述多个支撑块。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于所述第二支撑块中的所述第二开口与所述第一支撑块中的所述第一开口正交，以关闭所述第二开口。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于所述第二支撑块的暴露外侧壁与所述第一支撑块的暴露外侧壁对齐。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于还包括密封所述第一及第二支撑块的所述暴露外侧壁之间的接口。
22.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于所述耦合包括使用多个紧固件，所述多个紧固件延伸进入所述第二支撑块的相应的第二开口。
23.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于所述第一及第二支撑块被挤出。
24.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于所述第一支撑块为矩形且延伸通过所述第一支撑块的所述第一开口也为矩形，以及其中所述第二支撑块为矩形且延伸通过所述第二支撑块的所述第二开口也为矩形。
25.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于所述第一及第二支撑块包括复合材料，所述复合材料包括木头及塑料。
CN201680078190.6A 2016-01-06 2016-01-08 具有挤出复合支撑块的托盘及其相关制造方法 Pending CN108883856A (zh)

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