CN108880252A - Linear constant current circuit - Google Patents

Linear constant current circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108880252A
CN108880252A CN201810769376.7A CN201810769376A CN108880252A CN 108880252 A CN108880252 A CN 108880252A CN 201810769376 A CN201810769376 A CN 201810769376A CN 108880252 A CN108880252 A CN 108880252A
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Prior art keywords
output
power switch
voltage
circuit
constant current
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Granted
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CN201810769376.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN108880252B (en
Inventor
方倩
周俊
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On Bright Electronics Shanghai Co Ltd
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On Bright Electronics Shanghai Co Ltd
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Priority to TW107129144A priority patent/TWI674492B/en
Publication of CN108880252A publication Critical patent/CN108880252A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0006Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0045Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of linear constant current circuit is disclosed, including the first and second power switch, output capacitance, the control circuit of current sampling resistor, operational amplifier and the second power switch, wherein:The anode of output capacitance and the positive voltage terminal of circuit load connect, the negative voltage side of drain electrode and the circuit load of first power switch connects, the source electrode of first power switch is connected to system the earth via current sampling resistor, the grid of first power switch and the output end of operational amplifier connect, the drain of second power switch is connect with the drain of the first power switch, the source electrode of second power switch and the negative terminal of output capacitance connect and as the reference of control circuit ground, the grid of second power switch and the output end of control circuit connect, control circuit is loaded based on characterization circuit or the output of the output voltage at output capacitance both ends characterizes voltage, second and third reference voltage, generate the second switch control signal of the conducting and shutdown for controlling the second power switch.

Description

Linear constant current circuit
Technical field
The present invention relates to circuit fields, relate more specifically to a kind of linear constant current circuit.
Background technique
Fig. 1 shows the working principle diagram of traditional linear constant current circuit.It is defeated in linear constant current circuit shown in Fig. 1 The anode of capacitor Co and negative terminal are connect with the both ends of load respectively out;The drain electrode of power switch S1 and the negative terminal of output capacitance Co connect It connects;The source electrode of power switch S1 is connected to system the earth via current sampling resistor Rcs;The grid of power switch S1 is put with operation The output end connection of big device (EA), wherein:The output electric current Io of current sampling resistor Rcs convection current overload is sampled, and is generated Current sample voltage Vcs;Operational amplifier (EA) is based on current sample voltage Vcs and reference voltage Vref, generates for controlling Power switch S1 conducting with shutdown switch control signal Out1, with output voltage Vin fluctuation when by power switch S1's controls to realize the current constant control to output electric current Io.
Fig. 2 shows the waveform diagram of the voltage and current of some key points in linear constant current circuit shown in FIG. 1, In:Vin indicates through the input voltage that is rectified to alternating voltage, and Vo indicates the defeated of load or the both ends output capacitance Co Voltage out, Vcs indicate that the current sample voltage on current sampling resistor Rcs, Vref indicate reference voltage, and load is flowed through in Io expression Output electric current.
As shown in Fig. 2, when input voltage vin is greater than output voltage Vo, power switch S1 works in amplification region, with control Current sample voltage Vcs on current sampling resistor Rcs is equal with reference voltage Vref, and input voltage vin is provided to load It charges while exporting electric current Io to output capacitance Co;When input voltage vin is less than output voltage Vo, power switch S1 is in On state, but input voltage vin can not provide the current sample on output electric current Io, current sampling resistor Rcs to load Voltage Vcs is zero, and the output electric current Io for flowing through load provides (that is, output capacitance Co is to load discharge) by output capacitance Co.
Therefore, in linear constant current circuit shown in Fig. 1, when input voltage vin low-frequency fluctuation, output electric current Io also with Low-frequency fluctuation.Specifically, within each low-frequency cycle, time of the input voltage vin less than output voltage Vo is Tdis, output The ripple size (that is, ripple size of output voltage Vo) of the voltage at the both ends capacitor Co is △ V=Io*Tdis/Co;Output capacitance The capacity of Co is smaller, and the ripple of output voltage Vo is bigger, and the ripple for exporting electric current Io is also bigger;The capacity of output capacitance Co is got over Greatly, the ripple of output voltage Vo is smaller, and the ripple for exporting electric current Io is also smaller.
In certain application scenarios, it is desirable that the low-frequency ripple of output electric current Io is as small as possible, this just needs output capacitance Co Capacity it is larger, but output capacitance Co is typically all electrolytic capacitor, and capacity is bigger, and volume also can be much larger, thus can not Realize the miniaturization of power volume.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-described one or more problems, the present invention provides a kind of novel linear constant current circuits.
Linear constant current circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, including the first power switch, the second power switch, output electricity The control circuit of appearance, current sampling resistor, operational amplifier and the second power switch, wherein:The anode and electricity of output capacitance The positive voltage terminal connection of road load, the negative voltage side connection of drain electrode and the circuit load of the first power switch, the first power switch Source electrode be connected to system the earth via current sampling resistor, the output end of the grid of the first power switch and operational amplifier connects It connects, the drain of the second power switch is connect with the drain of the first power switch, the source electrode of the second power switch and output capacitance Negative terminal connection simultaneously connects, electric current as the reference of control circuit ground, the grid of the second power switch and the output end of control circuit The output electric current of sampling resistor convection current oversampling circuit load is sampled to generate current sample voltage, and operational amplifier is based on electric current Sampled voltage and the first reference voltage generate the first switch control signal of conducting and shutdown for controlling the first power switch, Control circuit is loaded based on characterization circuit or the output of the output voltage at output capacitance both ends characterization voltage, second are with reference to electricity Pressure and third reference voltage generate the second switch control signal of the conducting and shutdown for controlling the second power switch.
In some embodiments, above-mentioned linear constant current circuit further includes potential-divider network, one end of the potential-divider network and output The negative terminal connection of capacitor, the other end are connect with the source electrode of the first power switch, and output characterization voltage is by potential-divider network to control What the voltage between the reference ground and system the earth of circuit was divided.
In some embodiments, when the input voltage of linear constant current circuit is greater than output voltage, the first power switch work Make in amplification region, the second power switch is in the conductive state, input voltage to circuit load provide output electric current while pair Output capacitance charging.
In some embodiments, it can not charge still still to output capacitance when the input voltage of linear constant current circuit drops to When being so greater than output voltage, control circuit is based on output characterization voltage and the second reference voltage controls the second power switch from conducting State becomes an OFF state, to cut off the access that output capacitance discharges to circuit load.
In some embodiments, when the input voltage of linear constant current circuit drops to less than output voltage thus can not be to electricity When road load provides output electric current, the first power switch is in the conductive state, and control circuit is based on output characterization voltage and third Reference voltage, which controls the second power switch, becomes on state from off state, so that output capacitance provides output to circuit load Electric current.
In some embodiments, when output characterization voltage is greater than the second reference voltage, control circuit output is low level Second switch controls signal, is become an OFF state with controlling the second power switch from state.
In some embodiments, when output characterization voltage is greater than third reference voltage, control circuit exports high level Second switch controls signal, becomes on state to control the second power switch from off state, and third reference voltage is greater than the Two reference voltages.
The peak value that linear constant current circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention can reduce output electric current in each power frequency period is attached Close current average, to reduce the low-frequency ripple of output electric current.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention may be better understood from the description with reference to the accompanying drawing to a specific embodiment of the invention, In:
Fig. 1 shows the working principle diagram of traditional linear constant current circuit;
Fig. 2 shows the waveform diagrams of the voltage and current of some key points in linear constant current circuit shown in FIG. 1;
Fig. 3 shows the working principle diagram of linear constant current circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows the waveform diagram of the voltage and current of some key points in linear constant current circuit shown in Fig. 2.
Specific embodiment
The feature and exemplary embodiment of various aspects of the invention is described more fully below.In following detailed description In, many details are proposed, in order to provide complete understanding of the present invention.But to those skilled in the art It will be apparent that the present invention can be implemented in the case where not needing some details in these details.Below to implementation The description of example is used for the purpose of providing by showing example of the invention and better understanding of the invention.The present invention never limits In any concrete configuration set forth below, but cover under the premise of without departing from the spirit of the present invention element, component and Any modification, replacement and the improvement of algorithm.In the the accompanying drawings and the following description, well known structure and technology is not shown, so as to It avoids causing the present invention unnecessary fuzzy.
Fig. 3 shows the working principle diagram of linear constant current circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.As shown in figure 3, according to this The linear constant current circuit of inventive embodiments in addition to include with the identical circuit part of linear constant current circuit shown in FIG. 1 with It outside, further include power switch S2 and its control circuit.
In linear constant current circuit shown in Fig. 3, the drain of power switch S2 is connect with the drain of power switch S1;Power The source electrode of switch S2 is connect with the negative terminal of output capacitance Co, and the reference ground of the control circuit as power switch S2;Power is opened The grid for closing S2 is connect with the output end of its control circuit;Control of the potential-divider network of resistance R1 and R2 composition to power switch S2 Voltage between the reference ground and system the earth of circuit is divided, and the output for generating characterization output voltage Vo characterizes voltage VFB; The control circuit of power switch S2 is based on output characterization voltage VFB, reference voltage Vref 1 and reference voltage Vref 2 and generates and use In the switch control signal Out2 of the conducting and shutdown of control power switch S2, to reduce in input voltage vin low-frequency fluctuation Export the size of the ripple of electric current Io.
In linear constant current circuit shown in Fig. 3, when input voltage vin is greater than output voltage Vo, power switch S1 work Make in amplification region, it is constant with the current sample voltage Vcs that current sampling resistor Rcs is flowed through in control;When input voltage vin is less than defeated Out when voltage Vo, power switch S1 is in the conductive state, and input voltage vin can not provide output electric current Io to load, and electric current is adopted Current sample voltage Vcs on sample resistance Rcs is zero, and the output electric current Io for flowing through load is provided by output capacitance Co (that is, output Capacitor Co is to load discharge).
Fig. 4 shows the waveform diagram of the voltage and current of some key points in linear constant current circuit shown in Fig. 2, In:Vin indicates that the input voltage by being rectified to alternating voltage, Vo indicate the output voltage at load both ends, Vcs table Show that the current sample voltage on current sampling resistor Rcs, ref1 and ref2 respectively indicate the control circuit for power switch S2 In two reference voltages, Io indicates to flow through the output electric current of load, Out2 indicate it is that the control circuit of power switch S2 generates, For controlling the switch control signal of the conducting and shutdown of power switch S2.
As shown in figure 4, input voltage vin is providing output electricity to load when input voltage vin is greater than output voltage Vo It charges while flowing Io to output capacitance Co, power switch S2 is in the conductive state.
As shown in figure 4, input voltage vin can not give output electricity when input voltage vin drops near output voltage Vo Hold Co charging but output electric current Io still can be provided load;At this point, output characterization voltage FB is greater than reference voltage ref2, The control signal off of the output high level of comparator 2;The control circuit of power switch S2 exports low level switch control signal Out2 is become an OFF state with controlling power switch S2 from state, is led to cut off output capacitance Co to load discharge Road.
As shown in figure 4, input voltage vin both can not be to output when input voltage vin drops to less than output voltage Vo Capacitor Co charging can not also provide output electric current Io to load;At this point, output characterization voltage FB is greater than reference voltage ref1, compare The control signal on of the output high level of device 1;The switch control signal Out2 of the control circuit output high level of power switch S2, with Control power switch S2 becomes from off state on state, so that output capacitance Co provides output electric current to load Io。
Here, it should be noted that control signal on and off are that rising edge effectively controls signal, i.e., they are from low The moment that level becomes high level is effective.
Linear constant current circuit shown in Fig. 3 can reduce the electric current near the peak value for exporting electric current Io in each power frequency period Average value, to reduce the low-frequency ripple of output electric current Io.
The present invention can realize in other specific forms, without departing from its spirit and essential characteristics.For example, particular implementation Algorithm described in example can be modified, and system architecture is without departing from essence spirit of the invention.Therefore, currently Embodiment be all counted as being exemplary rather than in all respects it is limited, the scope of the present invention by appended claims rather than Foregoing description definition, also, the meaning of claim and whole changes in the range of equivalent are fallen into all be included in Among the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of linear constant current circuit, including the first power switch, the second power switch, output capacitance, current sampling resistor, fortune The control circuit of amplifier and the second power switch is calculated, wherein:
The anode of the output capacitance and the positive voltage terminal of circuit load connect, the drain electrode of first power switch and the electricity The negative voltage side connection of road load, it is big that the source electrode of first power switch via the current sampling resistor is connected to system The grid on ground, first power switch is connect with the output end of the operational amplifier,
The drain of second power switch is connect with the drain of first power switch, the source electrode of second power switch It is connect with the negative terminal of the output capacitance and as the reference of control circuit ground, the grid of second power switch and institute The output end connection of control circuit is stated,
The current sampling resistor samples the output electric current for flowing through the circuit load to generate current sample voltage, institute Operational amplifier is stated to generate based on the current sample voltage and the first reference voltage for controlling first power switch The first switch of conducting and shutdown controls signal,
The control circuit characterizes electricity based on the output for the output voltage for characterizing the circuit load or the output capacitance both ends Pressure, the second reference voltage and third reference voltage generate the of conducting for controlling second power switch and shutdown Two switch control signals.
2. linear constant current circuit as described in claim 1 further includes potential-divider network, one end of the potential-divider network and the output The negative terminal connection of capacitor, the other end are connect with the source electrode of first power switch, and the output characterization voltage is by described point Voltage of the pressure network network to the reference of the control circuit between system the earth is divided.
3. linear constant current circuit as described in claim 1, wherein described in being greater than when the input voltage of the linear constant current circuit When output voltage, first power switch works in amplification region, and second power switch is in the conductive state, the input Voltage charges to the output capacitance while providing the output electric current to the circuit load.
4. linear constant current circuit as described in claim 1, wherein when the input voltage of the linear constant current circuit drops to nothing When method charges to the output capacitance but the output voltage is still greater than, the control circuit is based on output characterization electricity Pressure and second reference voltage control second power switch and become an OFF state from state, to cut off the output The access that capacitor discharges to the circuit load.
5. linear constant current circuit as described in claim 1, wherein when the input voltage of the linear constant current circuit drop to it is small When the output voltage is to provide the output electric current to the circuit load, first power switch is in and leads Logical state, the control circuit is based on output characterization voltage and the third reference voltage controls second power switch Become on state from off state, so that the output capacitance provides the output electric current to the circuit load.
6. linear constant current circuit as described in claim 4 or 5, wherein when output characterization voltage is greater than second ginseng When examining voltage, the low level second switch of control circuit output controls signal, to control second power switch It is become an OFF state from state.
7. linear constant current circuit as claimed in claim 6, wherein when output characterization voltage is greater than the third with reference to electricity When pressure, the second switch of the control circuit output high level controls signal, to control second power switch from pass Disconnected state becomes on state, and the third reference voltage is greater than second reference voltage.
CN201810769376.7A 2018-07-13 2018-07-13 Linear constant current circuit Active CN108880252B (en)

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CN201810769376.7A CN108880252B (en) 2018-07-13 2018-07-13 Linear constant current circuit
TW107129144A TWI674492B (en) 2018-07-13 2018-08-21 Linear constant current circuit

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CN109407744A (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-03-01 昂宝电子(上海)有限公司 The linear constant current control system and method for current constant control for load
CN113992161A (en) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-28 陕西亚成微电子股份有限公司 Dynamic current supply circuit and method for reducing ripples
CN115932380A (en) * 2023-02-23 2023-04-07 杰华特微电子股份有限公司 Power detection circuit and detection method of switching circuit and switching circuit

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CN115932380A (en) * 2023-02-23 2023-04-07 杰华特微电子股份有限公司 Power detection circuit and detection method of switching circuit and switching circuit

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TWI674492B (en) 2019-10-11
CN108880252B (en) 2020-04-28
TW202006494A (en) 2020-02-01

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