CN108878884B - Simple method for preparing graphene nanosheet and application of graphene nanosheet to lithium ion battery cathode material - Google Patents
Simple method for preparing graphene nanosheet and application of graphene nanosheet to lithium ion battery cathode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108878884B CN108878884B CN201810554220.7A CN201810554220A CN108878884B CN 108878884 B CN108878884 B CN 108878884B CN 201810554220 A CN201810554220 A CN 201810554220A CN 108878884 B CN108878884 B CN 108878884B
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
A simple method for preparing graphene nanosheets and application of the graphene nanosheets to a lithium ion battery cathode material comprise the following steps: (1) mixing Fe (NO)3)3·9H2Dissolving O, vanadyl oxalate and trimesic acid in water to obtain a mixed solution; (2) transferring the obtained mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction to obtain an MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material; (3) calcining the MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material, and acidifying, washing and drying to obtain a graphene nanosheet, namely the lithium ion battery cathode material. Electrochemical tests show that the graphene nanosheet has a voltage window of 0.01-3.0V and a current density of 1000mAg‑1Has higher specific capacity and cycling stability. The method realizes that the MOFs large-volume derivative is promoted to be stripped into the graphene nanosheet by a simple one-step high-temperature calcination method under an inert atmosphere.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of functional material preparation, and relates to a preparation method of a metal organic framework material, a vanadium-based nano material compound and a graphene nanosheet derivative thereof and application of the metal organic framework material and the vanadium-based nano material compound in a lithium ion battery cathode material.
[ background of the invention ]
With the rapid development of economy, the global energy consumption has grown exponentially. It is estimated that by 2050, the global energy demand will be twice that of the present. Therefore, the development and utilization of renewable clean energy is a current research hotspot. In recent years, various energy storage and conversion devices have come into play, such as supercapacitors, solar cells, fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, and the like. In various energy storage devices, electrode materials are the core of the energy storage devices, and thus, various kinds of electrode materials are studied for energy storage and conversion. Such as metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, sulfates, silicates, phosphates, and carbon materials, and the like. Among the energy storage materials, carbon materials have various types (carbon nanotubes, graphene, and the like), and the carbon materials have the lightest mass and can provide high mass specific energy, so that the carbon materials are widely applied to energy storage and conversion. For example, the single-walled carbon nanotubes have a higher specific surface area than graphite, which can provide more lithium storage sites, but the carbon nanotubes have the disadvantages that impurities remained in the synthesis process are difficult to remove, and the synthesis cost is high, which is not favorable for practical application. The graphene has good conductivity, light weight and high stability, and is widely applied to the field of energy storage and conversion. For example, the graphene is used as a template to fix nano materials (metal phosphide, oxide, sulfide and the like), and the addition of the graphene greatly improves the electrochemical performance of the nano materials. High conductivity improves rate capability, and minor additions (usually less than 10%) greatly improve specific capacity and specific energy. The nano material is fixed on the surface of the graphene or coated by the graphene, so that the agglomeration of the nano material can be well inhibited, and the circulation stability is improved. The existing graphene synthesis methods include the following methods: 1) CVD synthesis, 2) arc discharge, 3) laser ablation, 4) mechanical stripping, 5) electrochemical synthesis, 6) nano-casting, and the like. Although graphene with atomic-scale thickness can generate excellent electronic properties due to the quantum interface effect of the nano-scale graphene, the graphene has a wide application prospect, but large-scale, efficient, economical and simple synthesis of graphene still faces a great challenge at present.
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous crystalline materials with three-dimensional Frameworks formed by linking Metal ions and Organic ligands through coordination bonds. In recent years, MOFs have received a wide attention in various fields. Such as adsorption and separation of gases, drug loading, catalysis, and energy storage and conversion. Because MOFs have periodic porosity and ligands with organic components, their use as precursor-derived functional nanomaterials has received much attention in recent years. In many fields related to the MOFs, porous carbon materials are obtained by high-temperature calcination using the MOFs as precursors and templates, and the application of the porous carbon materials in energy storage and conversion has become a current hot field. For example, porous nitrogen-doped carbon materials are prepared by one-step calcination using ZIF-8 as a template, and carbon nanorods are prepared by high-temperature calcination using MOF-74 followed by ion doping and ultrasonic exfoliation to prepare graphene nanoribbons. At present, few reports are available on the preparation of low-dimensional carbon nano-materials by using MOFs as templates, and the synthesis method is relatively complex.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing preparation method of graphene is difficult and is difficult to produce in a large scale, and the lithium ion battery cathode material is difficult to provide high energy density and cannot adapt to the rapid development of economy due to low specific capacity. The MOFs and vanadium-based nano composite material is prepared by taking the MOFs as a carrier, and the ultrathin graphene nanosheet is prepared by utilizing the composite material and is applied to a lithium ion battery cathode material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for simply preparing a graphene nanosheet serving as a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing Fe (NO)3)3·9H2Dissolving O, vanadyl oxalate and trimesic acid in water to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) to a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, washing and drying a product obtained after the reaction is finished, and obtaining an MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material;
(3) calcining the MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material obtained in the step (2), and acidifying, washing and drying to obtain a graphene nanosheet, namely the lithium ion battery cathode material.
In the step (1), the Fe (NO)3)3·9H2The molar ratio of O, vanadyl oxalate and trimesic acid is as follows: 5:(3-6):(3-8).
In the step (2), the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 130-180 ℃, and the hydrothermal reaction time is 24-36 h.
In the step (3), the calcination temperature is 600-900 ℃, and the calcination time is 2-4 h.
The invention also provides application of the graphene nanosheet prepared by the method, and the graphene nanosheet is applied to a lithium ion battery cathode material.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode is prepared from the graphene nanosheet negative electrode material.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the bulk composite material with V @ M-1 is prepared by using MIL-100 as a carrier for the first time, and the graphene nanosheet is obtained by high-temperature calcination of V @ M-1 and acid washing. The exfoliation of bulky MOFs derivatives was achieved for the first time. The ultrathin graphene nanosheets are beneficial to increasing lithium storage sites, improving specific capacity, reducing diffusion distance of lithium ions in active substances and improving rate performance.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of a graphene nanoplate, in which MIL-100 coats a vanadium-based nanomaterial in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a field emission scanning electron microscope image of a graphene nanoplate, in which the MIL-100 coats the vanadium-based nanomaterial in embodiment 1 of the present invention. Fig. 2 (a) is a field emission scanning electron microscope image of MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nanomaterial. Fig. 2 is a (b) field emission scanning electron microscope image of graphene nanoplatelets;
fig. 3 (a) is an atomic force microscope image of graphene nanoplatelets in example 1 of the present invention, and (b) (c) (d) is a thickness distribution graph of the graphene nanoplatelets from top to bottom in fig. 3 (a).
Fig. 4 is a cycle performance diagram of the lithium ion battery in example 1 of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Preparation of lithium ion battery cathode material graphene nanosheet
Example 1:
(1) and (3) synthesizing vanadyl oxalate:
get V2O5(1.2g,6.60mmol) is put into a 150mL evaporating dish, oxalic acid dihydrate (2.4g,19.00 mmol) is added, 80mL of distilled water is added, then the mixture is stirred at 80 ℃ until the mixture becomes viscous fluid, the heating is closed, the mixture is dried by using the residual temperature, and the mixture is put into a vacuum vessel at 80 DEG CAnd drying in an oven for 10h to obtain vanadyl oxalate solid.
(2) Mixing Fe (NO)3)3·9H2O (2.02g,5.00mmol), vanadyl oxalate (0.73g,3.0mmol) and trimesic acid (0.63g,30mmol) were dissolved in water to give a mixed solution.
(3) Transferring the obtained mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, keeping the temperature at 130 ℃ for 24 hours, washing the obtained product with distilled water, DMF (dimethyl formamide) and methanol for 2 times in sequence after the reaction is finished, and drying to obtain the MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material;
(4) calcining the obtained MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material, heating to 600 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, cooling, and putting the product into 40mL hydrochloric acid solution (V)HCl:VH2OStanding at 2:1) for 4h, centrifuging, and soaking in hydrochloric acid solution of the same concentration and volume. And then repeating the step for 3 times to completely remove simple substance iron, iron carbide, vanadium trioxide and vanadium carbide, and finally washing and centrifuging for 2 times by using distilled water. And (3) drying the graphene nano sheet in a forced air drying oven at 70 ℃ overnight to obtain the graphene nano sheet, namely the lithium ion battery negative electrode material.
Example 2:
(1) and (3) synthesizing vanadyl oxalate:
get V2O5(1.2g,6.60mmol) is put into a 150mL evaporating dish, oxalic acid dihydrate (2.4g,19.00 mmol) is added, 80mL of distilled water is added, then the mixture is stirred at 80 ℃ until the mixture becomes viscous fluid, the heating is closed, the mixture is dried by using the residual temperature, and the mixture is put into a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 10 hours, so that vanadyl oxalate solid can be obtained.
(2) Mixing Fe (NO)3)3·9H2O (2.02g,5.00mmol), vanadyl oxalate (1.30g,5.00mmol) and trimesic acid (1.40g,6.76mmol) were dissolved in water to give a mixed solution.
(3) Transferring the obtained mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, keeping the temperature at 140 ℃ for 28h, washing the obtained product with distilled water, DMF (dimethyl formamide) and methanol for 2 times in sequence after the reaction is finished, and drying to obtain the MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material;
(4) calcining the obtained MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material, and heating at the temperature of 5 ℃/minKeeping the temperature at 700 ℃ for 3 h, cooling and putting the product into 40mL hydrochloric acid solution (V)HCl:VH2OStanding at 2:1) for 4h, centrifuging, and soaking in hydrochloric acid solution of the same concentration and volume. And then repeating the step for 3 times to completely remove simple substance iron, iron carbide, vanadium trioxide and vanadium carbide, and finally washing and centrifuging for 2 times by using distilled water. And (3) drying the graphene nano sheet in a forced air drying oven at 70 ℃ overnight to obtain the graphene nano sheet, namely the lithium ion battery negative electrode material.
Example 3:
(1) and (3) synthesizing vanadyl oxalate:
get V2O5(1.2g,6.60mmol) is put into a 150mL evaporating dish, oxalic acid dihydrate (2.4g,19.00 mmol) is added, 80mL of distilled water is added, then the mixture is stirred at 80 ℃ until the mixture becomes viscous fluid, the heating is closed, the mixture is dried by using the residual temperature, and the mixture is put into a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 10 hours, so that vanadyl oxalate solid can be obtained.
(2) Mixing Fe (NO)3)3·9H2O (2.02g,5.00mmol), vanadyl oxalate (1.60g,6.00mmol) and trimesic acid (1.67g,8mmol) were dissolved in water to give a mixed solution.
(3) Transferring the obtained mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, keeping the temperature at 180 ℃ for 36 hours, washing the obtained product with distilled water, DMF (dimethyl formamide) and methanol for 2 times in sequence after the reaction is finished, and drying to obtain the MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material;
(4) calcining the obtained MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material, heating to 900 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, cooling, and putting the product into 40mL hydrochloric acid solution (V)HCl:VH2OStanding at 2:1) for 4h, centrifuging, and soaking in hydrochloric acid solution of the same concentration and volume. And then repeating the step for 3 times to completely remove simple substance iron, iron carbide, vanadium trioxide and vanadium carbide, and finally washing and centrifuging for 2 times by using distilled water. And (3) drying the graphene nano sheet in a forced air drying oven at 70 ℃ overnight to obtain the graphene nano sheet, namely the lithium ion battery negative electrode material.
II, coating the vanadium-based nano material with MIL-100, and characterizing a graphene nano sheet:
the method performs characterization of X-ray powder diffraction on a precursor MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material and a graphene nano sheet (Rigaku D/Max-2500X-ray diffractometer, Cu target).
Fig. 1 (a) and fig. 1 (b) correspond to X-ray powder diffraction patterns of MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nanomaterial and graphene nanoplatelets, respectively. No other miscellaneous peaks except for the diffraction peak of MIL-100 appear in (a) of FIG. 1, which shows that the vanadium-based nanomaterial is loaded into the channel of MIL-100. The peak position of the spectrum of the experiment (b) in fig. 1 is a characteristic peak of graphene at 23 °, and the wider peak shape indicates that the distance between graphene layers is increased.
Fig. 2 (a) is a field emission scanning electron microscope image of MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nanomaterial. Fig. 2 (b) and 2 (c) are field emission scanning electron microscope images of graphene nanoplatelets. From the figure, the precursor MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material is in a large-volume irregular blocky shape, and is calcined at 800 ℃ for 2h and washed by hydrochloric acid solution to be changed into a thin carbon nano sheet.
Thirdly, preparing the graphene nanosheet electrode plate:
mixing the graphene nanosheets prepared in the above embodiments, a conductive agent (ketjen black) and a binder (polyvinylidene fluoride) according to a mass ratio of 8:1:1, then adding a certain amount of N-methylpyrrolidone, and grinding until uniform pasty slurry is obtained. Then the slurry is evenly coated on a copper sheet and is put into a vacuum oven to be dried overnight at 80 ℃. Then, the dried copper sheet was cut into a disk-shaped electrode piece (diameter 12mm) by a cutter, and placed in a glove box for use.
Fourthly, assembling the lithium ion battery:
the half-cells were assembled under the conditions that the concentration values of water and oxygen in the glove box were below 0.1 ppm. Using the prepared copper sheet with the diameter of 12mm as a working electrode, a lithium sheet as a reference electrode, Celgard 2400 as a diaphragm and 1mol L of the diaphragm-1LiPF of6And (3) using the solution (composed of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate according to the volume ratio of 1: 1) as an electrolyte to assemble the half cell.
Fifth, testing electrochemical performance
The constant current charge and discharge test is performed in a blue test system (with a constant temperature and humidity chamber, temperature set at 25 ℃) and voltage range set at 0.01-3.0V.
FIG. 4 shows that the voltage window of the graphene nanosheet is 0.01-3.0V (vs Li)+Li) Current Density of 1000mA g-1Cycle performance map of (c). The specific discharge capacity of the first cycle of the graphene nanosheet is 1574mA h g-1The discharge capacity in the second week was 630mA hr g-1Irreversible capacity loss is attributed to the formation of SEI films. The circulating capacity after the reaction is stabilized at 550mA h g-1. Still higher than the theoretical capacity of commercial graphite materials.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for simply preparing a graphene nanosheet serving as a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing Fe (NO)3)3·9H2Dissolving O, vanadyl oxalate and trimesic acid in water to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) to a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, washing and drying a product obtained after the reaction is finished, and obtaining an MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material;
(3) calcining the MIL-100 coated vanadium-based nano material obtained in the step (2), and acidifying, washing and drying to obtain a graphene nanosheet, namely the lithium ion battery cathode material.
2. The method for simply preparing graphene nanoplates as negative electrode materials of lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the Fe (NO) is used3)3·9H2The molar ratio of O, vanadyl oxalate and trimesic acid is as follows: 5:(3-6):(3-8).
3. The method for simply preparing the graphene nanoplatelets as the anode material of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 130-180 ℃, and the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 24-36 h.
4. The method for simply preparing the graphene nanoplatelets as the anode material of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the calcination temperature is 600-900 ℃, and the calcination time is 2-4 h.
5. Application of the graphene nanosheets prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 to a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery.
6. A lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and an electrolyte, and is characterized in that the negative electrode is prepared from the graphene nano sheet negative electrode material of claim 5.
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| CN103432982A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-12-11 | 华南理工大学 | Preparation method of metal organic framework-graphite oxide composite |
| CN104226255A (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2014-12-24 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing metal organic framework-graphene oxide composite material |
| CN106390932A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 沈阳理工大学 | Preparation method of GO@PDA@MIL-101 nano composite material |
| CN107790102A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-13 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of spherical MOFs@rGO oil absorption materials of three-dimensional drape and preparation method |
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| CN103432982A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-12-11 | 华南理工大学 | Preparation method of metal organic framework-graphite oxide composite |
| CN104226255A (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2014-12-24 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing metal organic framework-graphene oxide composite material |
| CN106390932A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 沈阳理工大学 | Preparation method of GO@PDA@MIL-101 nano composite material |
| CN107790102A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-13 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of spherical MOFs@rGO oil absorption materials of three-dimensional drape and preparation method |
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