CN108844624A - A kind of SLM process laser power monitor method based on temperature field - Google Patents
A kind of SLM process laser power monitor method based on temperature field Download PDFInfo
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- CN108844624A CN108844624A CN201810556290.6A CN201810556290A CN108844624A CN 108844624 A CN108844624 A CN 108844624A CN 201810556290 A CN201810556290 A CN 201810556290A CN 108844624 A CN108844624 A CN 108844624A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013210 evaluation model Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000513 principal component analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021266 NaErF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
- G06F18/20—Analysing
- G06F18/24—Classification techniques
- G06F18/241—Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches
- G06F18/2411—Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches based on the proximity to a decision surface, e.g. support vector machines
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of SLM process laser power monitor method based on temperature field, belongs to SLM technical field.This method defines temperature field key feature first against SLM process characteristic, secondly real-time monitoring and temperature field key feature data are obtained in SLM forming process, laser power actual value can be predicted by handling in conjunction with intelligent prediction algorithms temperature data, to the gap of real-time judge laser power settings and laser power actual value, and then process state is monitored.This method can achieve the purpose that carry out real-time monitoring to laser power in forming process, will not have any impact to process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to SLM technical fields, particularly relate to a kind of SLM process laser power monitor side based on temperature field
Method.
Background technique
SLM (selective laser melting) be melted under the heat effect of laser beam using metal powder, through cooled and solidified and
A kind of technology of forming.For other increases material manufacturing technologies, SLM technology is more efficient, more convenient, development prospect is wider
It is wealthy, it can use single metal or mixed metal powder directly produce with high compactness, high dimensional accuracy and preferably
The metal parts of surface roughness has been widely used in the fields such as biomedical implants, aerospace and medical treatment.SLM skill
The frontier science and technology such as art integrated use new material, laser technology and computer technology, can manufacture arbitrarily complicated on one device
The part of shape, greatly reduces manufacturing procedure, shortens the process-cycle, by great attention both domestic and external, becomes manufacture
The Main Trends of The Development of high-precision complex parts.With the development of SLM technology, SLM device comes into being.But using now
When some SLM devices processing part, the defects of forming process goes out will appear part cracking, deformation and aperture.SLM process
A typical thermal process, all abnormal variations that can all react for heat of processing, occur defect mainly due to
Heat is continuous cumulative in process, causes Part temperature field distribution uneven and generates biggish thermal stress, stress collection occurs
In cause damage parts and part quality caused to be unevenly distributed.In SLM forming process, laser power is unique heat
Source whether the stabilization of laser power, is directly related to forming process profiling temperatures, and then influence quantity of sintered parts,
Thus real-time monitoring is carried out to laser power in process to be of great significance.Can for laser power anomalous variation and
When take corresponding measure, avoid forming parts from failing, cause the bigger loss of time and material.
There are some research institutions to study laser power monitor at present.Such as：Chinese patent literature (application
Number：201510447733.4 the applying date：2015.12.23 publication number 105181131A) disclose a kind of rare earth mixing with nano material
The laser power measurement method in material field.The invention adds a group excitation current using the laser of known power, generates respectively not
With generating fluorescence in the laser irradiation to NaErF4 nanocrystal sensing elements of power；Lens, which focus fluorescence signal, enters monochrome
Instrument enters signal acquiring system, to be sensed in a computer after photomultiplier tube amplifies and is converted to electric signal
The spectroscopic data of element.The present invention be found through experiments that laser excitation light power and laser irradiating position temperature it is linear
Rule, therefore the temperature of illuminated laser spot can be measured by the fluorescence intensity ratio technology of rare earth ion, and then realize laser power
Measurement.
As it can be seen that although there is no what is proposed for SLM process characteristic to swash there is currently the measurement method of laser power
Measuring light power means.Meanwhile a large amount of ancillary equipments are needed presently, there are laser power measurement means, integrated cost is high, by ring
Border restriction is more, is not particularly suited for SLM forming process.By process temperature combination intelligent prediction algorithms, can it is real-time, efficient and it is low at
This is monitored laser power.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of SLM process laser power monitor method based on temperature field, solves other field laser function
The problem of rate measuring device complexity reaches and carries out real-time monitoring to laser power low cost, high efficiency.
This method defines temperature field key feature from three dimensions for precinct laser fusion technique, real during SLM
When temperature collection field key feature data.In conjunction with proposition intelligent prediction algorithms process to temperature field key feature data at
Reason, algorithm model can export the predicted value of present laser power according to temperature field key feature data.
This method is specific as follows：Temperature field key feature is defined first, then real-time monitoring and is obtained in SLM forming process
Temperature field key feature data are taken, temperature data is handled in conjunction with intelligent prediction algorithms, predict laser power actual value, from
And the gap of real-time judge laser power settings and laser power actual value, and then process state is monitored.
Wherein, temperature field key feature is defined from one-dimensional, two-dimentional, three-dimensional three dimensions.
One-dimensional is scanning track, including temperature gradient and cooling rate.
Two dimension is powder laying, including weld pool resonance, heat affected area information, maximum temperature are distributed, sputter active, average temperature
Degree distribution and thermal diffusivity.
Three-dimensional is overall structure, and the three-dimensional model reconfiguration including longitudinal temperature distribution and based on highest or mean temperature is used
In visual presentation.
Intelligent prediction algorithms include that steps are as follows：
(1) after the temperature field key feature Data Dimensionality Reduction processing that will acquire, it is divided into two groups, one group is training group, for building
Vertical training pattern, another group is validation group, for verifying the prediction effect of model；
(2) combination supporting vector machine algorithm, using set according to establishing sorting algorithm model；
(3) set algorithm parameter combination and optimizing strategy, using the algorithm model established in step (2) to validation group data
It is predicted, and the prediction effect of evaluation model；
(4) to all parameter combinations, repeat the interative computation of step (3)；
(5) whether the combination of confirmation algorithm parameter, which has looped through, finishes, if it is not, step (3) are gone to, if so, going to step
Suddenly (6)；
(6) it is combined according to interative computation in step (4) as a result, seeking the algorithm parameter that behaves oneself best on verifying collection,
Select the model of parameter combination foundation；
(7) algorithm model selected in step (6) is applied to the SLM process temperature data acquired in real time, reached to sharp
The purpose of optical power progress real-time monitoring.
The method of dimension-reduction treatment includes Principal Component Analysis in step (1).
This method is used for precinct laser fusion (SLM) or precinct laser sintering (SLS).
Above-mentioned technical proposal of the invention has the beneficial effect that：
The present invention can carry out real-time monitoring to laser power actual value in SLM forming process, be subsequent forming quality
Determine to provide and support information, researcher is helped to obtain current machine machining state in a manner of inexpensive, efficient, to carry out
Temperature monitoring and forming quality monitoring are provided with prediction may.This method is directed to precinct laser fusion process characteristic, proposes phase
The temperature field key feature concept answered, and corresponding calculation formula help is provided and establishes automation extracting tool, it is acquired for data
Support means are provided with processing；Big data technology is applied to SLM process laser power monitor, it is at low cost, real-time is good, it will not
Machine is caused to damage；Algorithm model can be constantly adjusted according to newest acquisition data, be more in line with temperature change and become
Gesture and rule.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the SLM process laser power monitor method temperature field key feature of the invention based on temperature field defines figure；
Fig. 2 is intelligent prediction algorithms flow chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
To keep the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical solution and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and tool
Body embodiment is described in detail.
The present invention provides a kind of SLM process laser power monitor method based on temperature field.
This method defines temperature field key feature first, then real-time monitoring and obtains temperature field in SLM forming process
Key feature data are handled temperature data in conjunction with intelligent prediction algorithms, laser power actual value are predicted, to sentence in real time
The gap of disconnected laser power settings and laser power actual value, and then process state is monitored.
As shown in Figure 1, temperature field key feature is defined from one-dimensional, two-dimentional, three-dimensional three dimensions.
Wherein, one-dimensional for scanning track, including temperature gradient and cooling rate.
The above are the calculation formula of temperature gradient, if central point temperature is T0, which is Tvs, s is the spacing of two o'clock
From.
The above are the calculation formula of cooling rate, if being divided into t between Image Acquisition0, the temperature of the same pixel of different images
Respectively TpreAnd Tnext。
Two dimension is powder laying, including weld pool resonance, heat affected area information, maximum temperature are distributed, sputter active, average temperature
Degree distribution and thermal diffusivity.
Tpoint=max (T0, T1... ..., TN)
Tpoint=mean (T0, T1... ..., TN)
The above are highest/average temperature distribution calculation formula.Highest/average temperature distribution needs to utilize one layer of process of printing
If N temperature patterns of acquisition share N number of temperature value T to a certain fixed pixel point0, T1... ..., TN。
The above are the calculation formula of thermal diffusivity.Wherein t is time variable, and T (t) is the temperature in time t, and P is to sweep
Power is retouched, v is sweep speed, d sweep spacing, cpFor specific heat capacity, ρ is density of material,For material absorptivity.
Three-dimensional is overall structure, and the three-dimensional model reconfiguration including longitudinal temperature distribution and based on highest or mean temperature is used
In visual presentation.
As shown in Fig. 2, intelligent prediction algorithms include that steps are as follows：
(1) after the temperature field key feature Data Dimensionality Reduction processing that will acquire, it is divided into two groups, one group is training group, for building
Vertical training pattern, another group is validation group, for verifying the prediction effect of model；
(2) combination supporting vector machine algorithm, using set according to establishing sorting algorithm model；
(3) set algorithm parameter combination and optimizing strategy, using the algorithm model established in step (2) to validation group data
It is predicted, and the prediction effect of evaluation model；
(4) to all parameter combinations, repeat the interative computation of step (3)；
(5) whether the combination of confirmation algorithm parameter, which has looped through, finishes, if it is not, step (3) are gone to, if so, going to step
Suddenly (6)；
(6) it is combined according to interative computation in step (4) as a result, seeking the algorithm parameter that behaves oneself best on verifying collection,
Select the model of parameter combination foundation；
(7) algorithm model selected in step (6) is applied to the SLM process temperature data acquired in real time, reached to sharp
The purpose of optical power progress real-time monitoring.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of SLM process laser power monitor method based on temperature field, it is characterised in that：It is crucial special that temperature field is defined first
Then sign real-time monitoring and obtains temperature field key feature data in SLM forming process, in conjunction with intelligent prediction algorithms to temperature
Data are handled, and predict laser power actual value, thus real-time judge laser power settings and laser power actual value
Gap, and then process state is monitored.
2. the SLM process laser power monitor method according to claim 1 based on temperature field, it is characterised in that：It is described
Temperature field key feature is defined from one-dimensional, two-dimentional, three-dimensional three dimensions.
3. the SLM process laser power monitor method according to claim 1 based on temperature field, it is characterised in that：It is described
One-dimensional is scanning track, including temperature gradient and cooling rate.
4. the SLM process laser power monitor method according to claim 1 based on temperature field, it is characterised in that：It is described
Two dimension be powder laying, including weld pool resonance, heat affected area information, maximum temperature distribution, sputtering activity, average temperature distribution and
Thermal diffusivity.
5. the SLM process laser power monitor method according to claim 1 based on temperature field, it is characterised in that：It is described
Three-dimensional is overall structure, the three-dimensional model reconfiguration including longitudinal temperature distribution and based on highest or mean temperature, for visualizing
It shows.
6. the SLM process laser power monitor method according to claim 1 based on temperature field, it is characterised in that：It is described
Intelligent prediction algorithms include that steps are as follows：
(1) after the temperature field key feature Data Dimensionality Reduction processing that will acquire, it is divided into two groups, one group is training group, for establishing instruction
Practice model, another group is validation group, for verifying the prediction effect of model；
(2) combination supporting vector machine algorithm, using set according to establishing sorting algorithm model；
(3) set algorithm parameter combination and optimizing strategy carry out validation group data using the algorithm model established in step (2)
Prediction, and the prediction effect of evaluation model；
(4) to all parameter combinations, repeat the interative computation of step (3)；
(5) whether the combination of confirmation algorithm parameter, which has looped through, finishes, if it is not, step (3) are gone to, if so, going to step
(6)；
(6) it is combined according to interative computation in step (4) as a result, seeking the algorithm parameter that behaves oneself best on verifying collection, is selected
The model that the parameter combination is established；
(7) algorithm model selected in step (6) is applied to the SLM process temperature data acquired in real time, reached to laser function
The purpose of rate progress real-time monitoring.
7. the SLM process laser power monitor method according to claim 1 based on temperature field, it is characterised in that：It is described
The method of dimension-reduction treatment includes Principal Component Analysis in step (1).
8. the SLM process laser power monitor method according to claim 1 based on temperature field, it is characterised in that：The party
Method is used for precinct laser fusion or precinct laser sintering.
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| CN110095204A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-08-06 | 广东石油化工学院 | A kind of ethylene cracking tube temperature diagnostic system |
| CN110286046A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-09-27 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of DED process Hardness Prediction method and device based on temperature field |
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