CN108834692A - 一种利用铺网-热压复合法制备环保型麻地膜的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用铺网-热压复合法制备环保型麻地膜的方法 Download PDF

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CN108834692A
CN108834692A CN201810428844.4A CN201810428844A CN108834692A CN 108834692 A CN108834692 A CN 108834692A CN 201810428844 A CN201810428844 A CN 201810428844A CN 108834692 A CN108834692 A CN 108834692A
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刘明洋
张斌
郁崇文
杨建平
高丙文
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Donghua University
National Dong Hwa University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种利用铺网‑热压复合法制备环保型麻地膜的方法，其特征在于，将黄麻落麻纤维开松除杂、梳理，得到黄麻纤维薄网；将黄麻纤维薄网纵横交叉铺网，与淀粉/LDPE膜进行热压处理；膜上喷涂有机硅防水涂层，再热压光处理即可。本发明中淀粉/LDPE膜的淀粉部分可以完全自然降解，LDPE部分在高温下可以熔融粘合，无需添加粘合剂，得到的地膜环保可降解。同时，麻纤维成本低、力学性能好，复合膜具有优异的力学性能，充分利用麻纺厂的废弃落麻制备了低成本、可降解的麻地膜，解决了塑料地膜的难降解问题。

Description

一种利用铺网-热压复合法制备环保型麻地膜的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用铺网-热压复合法制备环保型可降解的麻地膜的方法，属于农用地膜技术领域。
背景技术
塑料地膜具有促进农作物生长、增加产量、保温保湿、防虫等作用，广泛应用于现代农业。但是塑料地膜很难自然降解，严重污染环境；此外，使用后残留在农田会造成土壤结构破坏，影响农作物生长发育。
目前，国内研究人员致力于开发可降解地膜，但仍存在较大的局限性。如光降解塑料膜只能在日光下降解，但难以控制降解速率，且埋入地下与普通塑料地膜无异；生物降解地膜，如聚乳酸地膜，成本太高，无法推广使用。因此，开发低成本、可自然降解的地膜是一项非常有实际意义和应用价值的工作。
我国麻类资源丰富，且随着人们生活水平的提高和科学技术的发展，麻类纺织品种类增多，由此产生的麻类废料也增多，因此，利用麻纺厂废弃的落麻纤维制造低成本的环保型麻地膜，有利于充分利用麻纤维，减少资源浪费，对我国麻种植业的可持续发展具有重要意义，受到了国家农业部的重视。
公开号CN1559176的发明专利“环保型麻地膜及其制造工艺”，使用梳理成网和气流成网二次成网工艺，制得麻纤维网，将其化学粘合成麻纤维膜，对麻纤维膜进行防水处理和轧光整理，从而制得麻地膜。该发明制得的膜较硬，只能作为育秧膜，无法作为覆盖地膜使用；同时，由于防水处理使用的是有机氟涂层，其残留物质，对农作物和人体均会产生危害。
公开号CN107189108A的发明专利“剑麻纤维增强淀粉环保地膜及其制备方法”，使用接枝改性淀粉、改性剑麻、线型低密度聚乙烯树脂及其他助剂，采用熔融挤出吹塑的方法，制备了剑麻纤维增强环保地膜。该发明需对淀粉、剑麻进行改性，工艺复杂，成本较高，难以推广使用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：现有农用地膜质地较硬，污染环境，工艺复杂、成本高等问题。
为了解决上述问题，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种利用铺网-热压复合法制备环保型麻地膜的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1)：将黄麻落麻纤维开松除杂；
步骤2)：将开松除杂后的落麻纤维梳理，得到黄麻纤维薄网；
步骤3)：将黄麻纤维薄网纵横交叉铺网，得到分布均匀的麻纤维网；
步骤4)：将麻纤维网与淀粉/LDPE膜进行热压处理；
步骤5)：在步骤4)制得的膜上喷涂有机硅防水涂层；
步骤6)：将步骤4)制得的膜进行热压光处理。
优选地，所述步骤4)中的麻纤维网与淀粉/LDPE膜中淀粉的质量含量为65-75％，LDPE含的质量含量为25-35％。
优选地，所述步骤4)中热压处理时，上下两层为麻纤维网、中间一层为淀粉/LDPE膜。
优选地，所述步骤4)中热压处理的温度为120-130℃，压力为2-6MPa，时间为120-300s。
本发明使用的原料为麻纺厂废弃落麻和淀粉/LDPE膜。废弃落麻长度分布宽，长纤维可大于20mm，而短纤维有些仅为1-2mm，其中短纤维不能应用于铺网。使用落麻纤维制备的地膜较薄，透气性好，力学性能好，但膜微孔较多导致保温效果差。淀粉/LDPE膜的降解和保温效果较好，但力学性能差，易破损。本发明先将黄麻纤维成网，然后将黄麻纤维网纵横交叉铺网，得到一定克重的麻纤维网，将不同克重的麻纤维网热压到淀粉/LDPE膜中，可得到不同的增强效果。
本发明采用热压法复合麻纤维网和淀粉/LDPE膜，高温下淀粉/LDPE膜中的LDPE部分起到熔融粘合的作用，无需再添加粘合剂。采用上下两层麻纤维网，中间一层淀粉/LDPE膜的“夹心式”复合法，所制得的复合膜麻纤维分布均匀，力学性能良好，又具有较好的保温效果和透气性，可以充分发挥两种膜的优点。
为使地膜具有优良的防水性，本发明对地膜进行有机硅表面防水涂层处理，该涂层无害且环保。
本发明使用的原料为废弃落麻和淀粉/LDPE膜，做到了麻纺废弃物的循环利用，通过复合膜法将黄麻废弃落麻和淀粉/LDPE膜复合在一起，既有效增强了淀粉/LDPE膜的力学性能，解决了淀粉/LDPE膜力学性能的缺陷，又具有低成本、可自然降解的优点。该方法操作简便，易实施，制备出的地膜兼有塑料地膜和麻地膜的优点，对我国农业的可持续发展具有重要意义。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂，兹以优选实施例，作详细说明如下。
实施例1
一种采用铺网-热压复合法制备环保型麻地膜的方法：
将麻纺厂黄麻废弃落麻先进行开松除杂处理，然后进行梳理，得到均匀的纤维薄网，将纤维薄网在传送网上铺成10g/m2的黄麻纤维网。将一份10g/m2的黄麻纤维网横向放置，平铺在硫化机热压区下面，然后将克重为16.4g/m2的淀粉/LDPE膜(淀粉质量含量为70％，LDPE质量含量为30％)放置在黄麻纤网上面，另一份10g/m2的黄麻纤网纵向放置，铺在淀粉膜上面。平板硫化机设置热压温度为120℃，热压压力为2MPa，热压时间为120s，热压制得复合膜。将复合膜用质量浓度20％的羟基有机硅喷涂表面，用量为6mL/m2，最后经120℃的压光棍压光得到成品地膜。
实施例2
一种采用铺网-热压复合法制备环保型麻地膜的方法：
将麻纺厂黄麻废弃落麻先进行开松除杂处理，然后进行梳理，得到均匀的纤维薄网，将纤维薄网在传送网上铺成15g/m2的黄麻纤维网。将一份15g/m2的黄麻纤维网横向放置，平铺在硫化机热压区下面，然后将克重为16.4g/m2的淀粉/LDPE膜(淀粉质量含量为65％，LDPE质量含量为35％)放置在黄麻纤网上面，另一份15g/m2的黄麻纤网纵向放置，铺在淀粉膜上面。平板硫化机设置热压温度为125℃，热压压力为4MPa，热压时间为180s，热压制得复合膜。将复合膜用质量浓度20％的羟基有机硅喷涂表面，用量为6mL/m2，最后经120℃的压光棍压光得到成品地膜。
实施例3
一种采用铺网-热压复合法制备环保型麻地膜的方法：
将麻纺厂黄麻废弃落麻先进行开松除杂处理，然后进行梳理，得到均匀的纤维薄网，将纤维薄网在传送网上铺成20g/m2的黄麻纤维网。将一份20g/m2的黄麻纤维网横向放置，平铺在硫化机热压区下面，然后将克重为16.4g/m2的淀粉/LDPE膜(淀粉质量含量为75％，LDPE质量含量为25％)放置在黄麻纤网上面，另一份20g/m2的黄麻纤网纵向放置，铺在淀粉膜上面。平板硫化机设置热压温度为130℃，热压压力为6MPa，热压时间为300s，热压制得复合膜。将复合膜用质量浓度20％的羟基有机硅喷涂表面，用量为8mL/m2，最后经130℃的压光棍压光得到成品地膜。
将实施例1-3制得的环保型麻地膜产品进行相关试验，试验结果如表1所示。
表1
性能 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 普通地膜
厚度(mm) 0.19 0.199 0.211 0.108
克重(g/m2) 35.85 47.49 56.35 16.75
拉伸强度(N/m) 820 1030 1320 210
撕裂强度(N) 5.87 7.96 10.69 1.6
顶破强度(N) 36.64 49.24 58.93 11.5
透气率(mm/s) 17.08 14.23 12.23 0
注：普通地膜采用保定市宝创农膜科技有限公司生产的PE地膜；测量仪器为：厚度：YG141N数字式织物厚度仪；克重：FA2004A电子天平；拉伸强度：YG026MB-250电子强力仪；撕裂强度：YG026MB-250电子强力仪；顶破强度：YG026MB-250电子强力仪；透气率：YG461E透气性测试仪。

Claims (4)

1.一种利用铺网-热压复合法制备环保型麻地膜的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1)：将黄麻落麻纤维开松除杂；
步骤2)：将开松除杂后的落麻纤维梳理，得到黄麻纤维薄网；
步骤3)：将黄麻纤维薄网纵横交叉铺网，得到分布均匀的麻纤维网；
步骤4)：将麻纤维网与淀粉/LDPE膜进行热压处理；
步骤5)：在步骤4)制得的膜上喷涂有机硅防水涂层；
步骤6)：将步骤4)制得的膜进行热压光处理。
2.如权利要求1所述的利用铺网-热压复合法制备环保型麻地膜的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4)中的麻纤维网与淀粉/LDPE膜中淀粉的质量含量为65-75％，LDPE含的质量含量为25-35％。
3.如权利要求1所述的利用铺网-热压复合法制备环保型麻地膜的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4)中热压处理时，上下两层为麻纤维网、中间一层为淀粉/LDPE膜。
4.如权利要求1所述的利用铺网-热压复合法制备环保型麻地膜的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4)中热压处理的温度为120-130℃，压力为2-6MPa，时间为120-300s。
CN201810428844.4A 2018-05-07 2018-05-07 一种利用铺网-热压复合法制备环保型麻地膜的方法 Pending CN108834692A (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109566214A (zh) * 2019-01-07 2019-04-05 东华大学 一种可降解农用地膜及其制备方法

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