CN108819283A - 一种碳/碳复合材料模压方法 - Google Patents

一种碳/碳复合材料模压方法 Download PDF

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CN108819283A
CN108819283A CN201810430343.XA CN201810430343A CN108819283A CN 108819283 A CN108819283 A CN 108819283A CN 201810430343 A CN201810430343 A CN 201810430343A CN 108819283 A CN108819283 A CN 108819283A
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impregnation
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fiber
compound material
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卢杰
王亚安
朱继泉
李端
韩文静
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Xian Aviation Brake Technology Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/02—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising combinations of reinforcements, e.g. non-specified reinforcements, fibrous reinforcing inserts and fillers, e.g. particulate fillers, incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers and with or without non-reinforced or non-filled layers
    • B29C70/021—Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material
    • B29C70/025—Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material with particular filler
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/12—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/205—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • B29C70/345—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using matched moulds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/48—Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5252—Fibers having a specific pre-form
    • C04B2235/5256—Two-dimensional, e.g. woven structures

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于碳/碳复合材料制备技术领域，涉及一种碳/碳复合材料模压方法。本发明采用浸胶碳纤维无纬布层、碳素胶泥层、浸胶碳纤维网胎层、碳素胶泥层组合形成一组，按以上组合方式重复叠层至所需厚度，然后采用碳纤维棒进行穿刺后抽真空进行热压固化，然后碳化制备碳/碳复合材料。本发明的模压方法，采用了长纤维网胎层作为增强结构，压制出工件的结构强度更高；本发明采用碳素胶泥作为填充相，可提高模压工件的致密化程度，减少树脂碳化后残炭率低导致的密度降低问题；本发明采用固化碳纤维棒穿刺各网胎、无纬布层，形成Z向增强结构，可提高各层结合强度，减少分层问题。

Description

一种碳/碳复合材料模压方法
技术领域
本发明属于碳/碳复合材料制备技术领域，涉及一种碳/碳复合材料模压方法。
背景技术
目前的碳/碳复合材料模压技术，采用乱短纤维与树脂(沥青等)进行混合后，在模具内进行压制固化、碳化等工序制备成碳/碳复合材料工件。该方法具有成本低、生产效率高的优点。但由于模压法采用的是短纤作为增强体，导致结构强度较低。另外由于模压过程缺少Z向连接纤维，压制工件的容易出现剥层问题。该方法在高温碳化处理后，由于树脂的残炭率低，导致工件压制后密度很低，还需进一步致密化处理。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：针对现碳/碳复合材料模压技术存在的，增强相为短纤维导致结构强度低、缺少Z向纤维，导致剥层、纯树脂填料导致的残炭率低，致密化程度低的问题，设计一种新型模压方法。
本发明的技术方案是：一种碳/碳复合材料模压方法，采用浸胶碳纤维无纬布层、碳素胶泥层、浸胶碳纤维网胎层、碳素胶泥层组合形成一组，按以上组合方式重复叠层至所需厚度，然后采用碳纤维棒进行穿刺后抽真空进行热压固化，然后碳化制备碳/碳复合材料。
浸胶碳纤维无纬布是在无纬布碳纤维表面浸渍一层树脂胶料，确保模压过程中碳纤维与基体结合。
碳素胶泥层采用碳素微粒与树脂混合，并进行真空炼泥处理，然后压成胶泥片，与浸胶碳纤维无纬布和浸胶碳纤维网胎层模压过程中利用胶泥的塑性变形特征压入浸胶碳纤维网胎层和浸胶碳纤维无纬布层的碳纤维中间，起到填充致密化作用。
浸胶碳纤维网胎层为乱短纤维纤维组成，实现摩擦过程的均匀性。
碳纤维棒为采用单向碳纤维浸胶后固化形成的硬质棒状结构，用以穿刺各浸胶碳纤维无纬布层、碳素胶泥层、浸胶碳纤维网胎层、碳素胶泥层，以形成Z向增强纤维，提高模压件的结构强度。
本发明的有益效果：本发明的模压方法，采用了长纤维网胎层作为增强结构，压制出工件的结构强度更高；本发明采用碳素胶泥作为填充相，可提高模压工件的致密化程度，胶泥中的碳素微粒可实现碳化后100％的残炭率，减少树脂碳化后残炭率低导致的密度降低问题；本发明采用固化碳纤维棒穿刺各网胎、无纬布层，形成Z向增强结构，可提高各层结合强度，减少分层问题。
具体实施方式
下面详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
本发明一种碳/碳复合材料模压方法，采用浸胶碳纤维无纬布层、碳素胶泥层、浸胶碳纤维网胎层、碳素胶泥层组合形成一组，按以上组合方式重复叠层至所需厚度，然后采用碳纤维棒进行穿刺后抽真空进行热压固化，然后碳化制备碳/碳复合材料。
浸胶碳纤维无纬布是在无纬布碳纤维表面浸渍一层树脂胶料，确保模压过程中碳纤维与基体结合。无纬布层由于采用长碳纤维，可以起到良好的结构增强作用。
碳素胶泥层采用碳素微粒与树脂混合，并进行真空炼泥处理，然后压成胶泥片，与浸胶碳纤维无纬布和浸胶碳纤维网胎层模压过程中利用胶泥的塑性变形特征压入浸胶碳纤维网胎层和浸胶碳纤维无纬布层的碳纤维中间，起到填充致密化作用。另外由于胶泥中含有大量碳素微粒，可以保证在模压、碳化后较高的残炭率，提高最终产品的密度。
浸胶碳纤维网胎层为乱短纤维纤维组成，由于纤维排布杂乱，可以实现摩擦过程的均匀性。
碳纤维棒为采用单向碳纤维浸胶后固化形成的硬质棒状结构，用以穿刺各浸胶碳纤维无纬布层、碳素胶泥层、浸胶碳纤维网胎层、碳素胶泥层，以形成Z向增强纤维，提高模压件的结构强度。

Claims (5)

1.一种碳/碳复合材料模压方法，其特征为所述方法包括以下步骤：采用浸胶碳纤维无纬布层、碳素胶泥层、浸胶碳纤维网胎层、碳素胶泥层组合形成一组，按以上组合方式重复叠层至所需厚度，然后采用碳纤维棒进行穿刺后抽真空进行热压固化，然后碳化制备碳碳复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的所述碳/碳复合材料模压方法，其特征为：所述浸胶碳纤维无纬布是在无纬布碳纤维表面浸渍一层树脂胶料，确保模压过程中碳纤维与基体结合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的所述碳/碳复合材料模压方法，其特征为：所述碳素胶泥层采用碳素微粒与树脂混合，并进行真空炼泥处理，然后压成胶泥片，在模压利用胶泥中的塑性变形特征压入浸胶碳纤维网胎层和浸胶碳纤维无纬布层的碳纤维中间，起到填充致密化作用。
4.根据权利要求1所述的所述碳/碳复合材料模压方法，其特征为：所述浸胶碳纤维网胎层为乱短纤维纤维组成，实现摩擦过程的均匀性。
5.根据权利要求1所述的所述碳/碳复合材料模压方法，其特征为：所述碳纤维棒为采用单向碳纤维浸胶后固化形成的硬质棒状结构，用以穿刺各浸胶碳纤维无纬布层、碳素胶泥层、浸胶碳纤维网胎层、碳素胶泥层，以形成Z向增强纤维，提高模压件的结构强度。
CN201810430343.XA 2018-05-07 2018-05-07 一种碳/碳复合材料模压方法 Pending CN108819283A (zh)

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CN111039691A (zh) * 2020-01-13 2020-04-21 陕西美兰德炭素有限责任公司 一种碳碳复合材料板材的制备方法

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