CN108812303A - The selection of Zizania latifolia Cultivars - Google Patents
The selection of Zizania latifolia Cultivars Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
A kind of selection of Zizania latifolia Cultivars, using district's groups experimental design, double season hays and single cropping hay are provided separately district's groups, control is continues to use local planting habit and subregion is separately provided in way to manage, each introduced variety minizone random distribution in district's groups, in triplicate, record the experimental cultivar seeding stage, resident time, the tiller time, start the pregnant hay time, harvest time, observe and record test variety variable rate technology character, a situation arises and control efficiency for pest and disease damage, product commodity property, each same collecting season of cell harvests hair hay yield in batches and merges statistics cell production, screen the wild rice stem main breed for being suitble to large-scale production and combination kind.The present invention passes through to wild rice stem introducing new varieties, experiment and demonstration, research to the agronomic measures such as fertilizer practice, planting density, planting time, water level regulation and environmental factor to Water Bamboo Yield and quality and the influence for listing the phase is introduced, the wild rice stem new varieties of the suitable local plantation of screening.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selections of Zizania latifolia Cultivars for filtering out more suitable local plantation, update and enrich and work as
Ground wild rice stem produces variety source.
Background technique
Wild rice stem (Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Stapf) alias wild rice, hay melon, hay bamboo shoot or mushroom are first, are grass family
Wild rice category perennial root marsh herbaceous plant.Wild rice stem economic value is big, and for stalk base tender stem by after smut parasitism, coarse fertilizer is tender, claims
Hay melon is delicious vegetables；Caryopsis claims wild rice rice, is used as food, nutritious health value；Herb is excellent feed, is fish
Hibernacle and dyke strengthening epeirogenetic pionner.The growth of ancient times wild rice is normal, and autumn is solid, claims carving Hu rice, be maize it
One, after because smut parasitism is at deformity, cannot blossom and bear fruit, become vegetables utilization.
Wild rice stem extensively has plantation as characteristic aquatic vegetable, in China Yangtze river basin and its areas to the south.Wild rice stem is rich in albumen
The multiple nutritional components such as matter, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, microorganism and minerals are that China is only second to the second largest of lotus rhizome
Aquatic vegetable.Since wild rice stem is sweet in flavor, cold, sliding, nontoxic, in addition to edible, there are also certain medicinal functions.Modern medicine believes that, hay
It is white can with heat-clearing, quench the thirst, whet the appetite, except mesh is yellow, benefit two just, artery sclerosis can be prevented and treated with preventing hypertension, especially to suffering from
The patients such as cirrhosis, uremic, nephrotic syndrome have certain curative effect, are a kind of aquatic good vegetable good medicine, referred to as " people in water
Ginseng ".Therefore, wild rice stem production ensures that the vegetable basket of the people has important regulative for increasing vegetables designs and varieties.
Hanzhong City is located in Qin_Ba mountain areas innerland, is China weather north and south boundary area, and wild rice stem plantation is early on the books, but due to
Inadequate to the attention of wild rice stem plantation, wild rice stem production never forms industrialization and scale, and cultivated area constantly reduces.Mesh
Before, develop wild rice stem and plants the problems such as there are cultivar origins to mix, variety deterioration is serious, planting technology low SI.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to introduce, the wild rice stem new varieties of the suitable local plantation of screening, carrying out product
On the basis of kind compatibility test, summary forms a set of wild rice stem standardized planting technical regulation, and Demonstration And Extension.
The technical proposal adopted by the invention to solve the above technical problems is that：A kind of filter out more is suitable for local plantation
The selection of Zizania latifolia Cultivars, it is characterized in that including the following steps：
Using district's groups experimental design, double season hays and single cropping hay are provided separately district's groups, compare for continue to use local planting habit and
Subregion is separately provided in way to manage, each introduced variety minizone random distribution in district's groups, in triplicate, plot area 30m2(5m
× 6m), distance between rows and hills 100cm × 70cm, fertilising, field management are carried out by local cultivation habit；Mode of planting method, resident time
And seedling process is as follows before being colonized：
Double season hay late Febuaries divide pier to be colonized in cell, and specific method is that the female pier for taking last year to reserve seed for planting is divided into small Jiao Dun fixed
Plant, require to have old stem per small Jiao Dun, and have and perfect tiller 5-6, with dig, with point, with cultivation；Single cropping hay then needs to increase segmentation
Seedling raising process, method are the female piers for taking seed field mid-April, prescind above wild rice stem eye 30 centimetres with blade, are divided into band
The 5-6 small piers for perfecting tiller are transplanted into the nursery of nursery field, divide pier Transplanting Density 65cm × 55cm, late May each kind is by examination
Proved recipe case is divided into each cell of Plant colonization, distance between rows and hills 100cm × 70cm by strong sprout standard and following processing methods again；Field planting
Before to carry out seedling process：Kind of a pier has been dug in nursery field, prescinds above wild rice stem eye 30 centimetres with blade, then with sharp knife from tiller base
Cutting lower healthy and strong band perennial root tiller in portion's is as transplanting seedling.
Record the experimental cultivar seeding stage, resident time, the tiller time, start pregnant hay time, harvest time (each receipts phase beginning in season,
The phase is received eventually), observe and record test variety variable rate technology character, a situation arises and control efficiency, product commodity property for pest and disease damage, respectively
The same collecting season of cell harvests hair hay yield in batches and merges statistics cell production, records harvest date wholesale market price, analysis
Compare different cultivars planting benefit, commodity property, screens the wild rice stem main breed for being suitble to large-scale production and combination (collocation) product
Kind.
Wild rice stem introducing new varieties of the present invention and demonstrative project, by wild rice stem introducing new varieties, experiment and demonstration, to fertilising skill
The agronomic measures such as art, planting density, planting time, water level regulation and environmental factor are to Water Bamboo Yield and quality and list the shadow of phase
Loud research is integrated with wild rice stem standardized planting technical regulation, and the high-yield high-efficiency cultivation for local wild rice stem provides technical support,
It is finally reached Water Bamboo Yield increase, disease resistance enhancing, benefit improves, the purpose of Increase Income of Peasant Households.
Specific embodiment
To be more clear the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, below in conjunction with specific implementation case, to the present invention
It is described in further details.
One, test setting：
1. experimental cultivar：
It experimental cultivar totally 11, introduces new breeds and 2 native breeds as control including 9, is peace hay 1 respectively
Number, the small candlestick in Suzhou, Hubei Province hay 3, Wuxi intermediary hay, late hay, middle hay, capital hay 1, close hay 2, great Bai hay, local single cropping hay
Kind is CK1, and local double season hay kinds are CK2.Experimental cultivar basic condition is described as follows：
(1) pacify hay 1：It introduces a fine variety within 2013.Plant type is compacter, and plant strain growth gesture is strong, and tillering ability is medium, hay meat epidermis light
Sliding, white, meat is finer and close, late-maturing.Introduce a fine variety place-Anqing.
(2) the small candlestick in Suzhou：It introduces a fine variety within 2013.Hay meat is short and justifies, and section protrudes disk, is similar to candlestick, top, both ends are thin
Intermediate thick, meat feltwork is few, Early-medium maturing variety.Introduce a fine variety place-changzhou.
(3) Wuxi intermediary hay：It introduces a fine variety within 2013.Wuxi local varieties, growth potential is strong, and tillering ability is strong, and meat epidermis is pale yellow
White is slightly wrinkled, late variety, and yield is high, and disease resistance ability is slightly worse, and single hay weighs 90~100 grams, in it is ripe.It is normal to introduce a fine variety place-Jiangsu
State.
(4) late hay：It introduces a fine variety within 2013.Plant strain growth gesture is stronger, and tillering ability is strong, and plant type is compact upright, and meat color is white, produces
It is low in amount, it is late-maturing.Introduce a fine variety place-Anqing.
(5) Hubei Province hay 3：It introduces a fine variety within 2011.Plant type is compacter, and plant strain growth gesture is stronger, and tillering ability is medium, fleshy stem bamboo shoot
Shape, epidermis is smooth, white, and meat is fine and close, and no teleutosorus, single hay weighs 80 grams or so, in it is ripe.Introduce a fine variety place-Hubei academy of agricultural sciences.
(6) hay 2 are closed：It introduces a fine variety within 2011.From in the Zizania latifolia Cultivars of Taihu Lake pass through many years breeding made of excellent local varieties.
Plant type is compacter, and plant strain growth gesture is medium, and tillering ability is medium, and epidermis is smooth, white, and meat is finer and close, and single hay weighs 100 grams of left sides
The right side, listing are concentrated, precocious.Introduce a fine variety place-Wuhu.
(7) capital hay 1：It introduces a fine variety within 2011.Plant strain growth gesture is stronger, and heat resistance is stronger, and plant type is compact upright, fleshy stem table
Skin is smooth, and the white delicacy of color, commodity property is good, good quality, low in yield, late-maturing.Introduce a fine variety place-Hefei ,Anhui.
(8) hay in：It introduces a fine variety within 2013.Plant type is compacter, and plant strain growth gesture is medium, and tillering ability is medium, and epidermis is smooth, white
Color, meat is finer and close, and single hay weighs 110 grams or so, late-maturing.It introduces a fine variety place-Qingpu Shanghai and practices the pool.
(9) great Bai hay：It introduces a fine variety within 2013.Also known as Shanghai great Bai hay, be from practicing in the Zizania latifolia Cultivars of the pool by many years breeding and
At excellent local varieties.Plant type is compacter, and plant strain growth gesture is stronger, and tillering ability is medium, and fleshy stem color is pure white, meat is thin
It is greasy, sweet tea is crisp delicious, good quality, single hay weighs 145 grams, late-maturing.Introduce a fine variety place-Ningbo of Zhejiang.
(10) local single cropping hay kind CK1：The ground such as Hantai District town Zong Ying single cropping hay main breed is planted for existing 15 years or more
History.Plant strain growth gesture is strong, and tillering ability is strong, meat yellow-white, and slightly loose, epidermis microcreping, yield is medium, late-maturing.
(11) local double seasons hay CK2：The ground such as Hantai District town Zong Ying single cropping hay main breed, existing plantation in 15 years or more are gone through
History.Plant strain growth gesture is strong, and tillering ability is strong, meat yellow-white, slightly loose, and band irregular wrinkle spot when epidermis, yield is higher, more precocious.
2. test site：
It is tested in 2015-2016 year in Hantai District Longjiang village little Dian of office, the village Huang Ying, the village Liu Tai, the town Zong Ying 20
5 points the village Li Pu, the village Guo Wan tests, test site and experimental cultivar are shown in Table 1.
1. Zizania latifolia Cultivars introduction and Experiment place of table and tested variety
| Serial number | Test site | Tested variety |
| 1 | Hantai District Longjiang village Ban little Dian | Pacify hay 1, late hay, Hubei Province hay 3, Wuxi intermediary hay |
| 2 | Hantai District Longjiang village Ban Huangying | Middle hay, great Bai hay |
| 3 | Hantai District Longjiang village Ban Liutai | The small candlestick in Suzhou closes hay 2, capital hay 1 |
| 4 | Two village Shi Lipu of the Hantai District town Zong Ying | Local single cropping hay (CK1) |
| 5 | The Hantai District town the Zong Ying village Guo Wan | Local double season hays (CK2) |
3. testing program：
Test uses district's groups experimental design, and double season hays and single cropping hay are provided separately district's groups, compares to continue to use local plantation and practising
Subregion is separately provided in used and way to manage, each introduced variety minizone random distribution in district's groups, in triplicate, plot area 30m2
(5m × 6m), distance between rows and hills 100cm × 70cm, fertilising, field management are carried out by local cultivation habit.Mode of planting method, field planting
Seedling process is as follows before time and field planting：
2 months 23 bu piers of double season hays are colonized in cell, and specific method is that the female pier for taking last year to reserve seed for planting is divided into small Jiao Dun fixed
Plant, require to have old stem per small Jiao Dun, and have and perfect tiller 5-6, with dig, with point, with cultivation；Single cropping hay then needs to increase segmentation
Seedling raising process, method are the female piers for taking seed field April 15, prescind 30cm above wild rice stem eye and are divided into band 5-6 with blade
A small pier for perfecting tiller is transplanted into the nursery of nursery field, divides pier Transplanting Density 65cm × 55cm, and each kind on May 19 presses test side
Case is divided into each cell of Plant colonization, distance between rows and hills 100cm × 70cm by strong sprout standard and following processing methods again.It is wanted before field planting
Carry out seedling process：Kind of a pier has been dug in nursery field, is prescinded and is cut with blade, then with sharp knife from tiller base portion for 30 centimetres above wild rice stem eye
Healthy and strong band perennial root tiller is cut off as transplanting seedling.
Control 1, control 2 are continued to use local cultivation habit and are carried out.It specially compares 1 Zhong Zhi peasant household and took last year on April 19 and stay
The female pier of kind is divided into small pier and is colonized in cell, 45 centimetres of 100 cm x of plantation density；Control 2 divided pier to be colonized for 23 days 2 months seedlings
In cell, 60 centimetres of 140 cm x of plantation density.Seedling divides pier mode and requires consistent with afore-mentioned test kind.
4. observing record project and data analysis
Record the experimental cultivar seeding stage, resident time, the tiller time, start pregnant hay time, harvest time (each receipts phase beginning in season,
The phase is received eventually), observe and record test variety variable rate technology character, a situation arises and control efficiency, product commodity property for pest and disease damage, respectively
The same collecting season of cell harvests hair hay yield in batches and merges statistics cell production, records harvest date wholesale market price, analysis
Compare different cultivars planting benefit, commodity property (supplement dull season supply, product quality), screens the wild rice stem for being suitble to large-scale production
Main breed and combination (collocation) kind.
Two, result and analysis
1. experimental cultivar maturity and breeding time compare
2 2016 years experimental cultivar maturity of table and breeding time performance
Note：1. closing No. 2 planting patterns of hay is, summer hay turns over field after harvesting, July 20, the autumn was transplanted in smooth field
Hay, single seedling field planting, seedling raising manners and seedling process method are identical with the segmentation nursery of single cropping hay.
Shown in table 1, spring emergence (germination) it is earliest be conjunction hay 2, the latest be the small candlestick in Suzhou, but with CK1,
CK2 is unobvious compared to difference；Experimental cultivar double season hays (CK2) local earlier than control is conjunction hay 2 in pregnant phase hay beginning double season hays
16 days early, Wuxi intermediary hay early 3 days, be later than local double season hays (CK2) was successively Suzhou small 17 days evenings of candlestick and a surname's hay evening 21
It, peace 45 days evenings of hay 1, experimental cultivar is that great Bai hay is 1 day early earlier than compare local single cropping hay (CK1) in single cropping hay, is later than
Local single cropping hay (CK1) is successively 26 days evenings of capital hay 1,27 days evenings of Hubei Province hay 3,52 days evenings of middle hay；Receipts phase beginning is earlier than control
Local double season hay (CK2) summer hays are to close 16 days morning of hay 2, Wuxi intermediary hay early 4 days；The whole receipts phase the latest be close hay 2, compared with
Evening is successively middle hay, the small candlestick autumn hay in Suzhou, peace No. 1 autumn hay of hay, Wuxi intermediary hay autumn hay, great Bai hay, capital hay 1.With phase
When the CK2 in early-maturing variety and the CK1 for belonging to late variety compare, the precocious performance of conjunction hay 2 is best, and Wuxi intermediary hay,
The small candlestick in Suzhou, late hay prematureness successively weaken, and pacifying hay 1 performance in Hanzhong should belong to medium variety, great Bai hay, capital hay
No. 1, Hubei Province hay 3, middle hay be late variety.
In terms of breeding time in general, closing No. 2 Yi Qixia hay prematurenesses of hay in double season hay kinds of participating in the experiment can preferably use up
It early goes public, the excellent performances such as listing supply phase can be elongated the latest between hay harvest time in autumn is longer and whole time receiving, show to close hay 2 and exist
Maturity and breeding time behave oneself best in tested variety, and pacify hay 1 and show as summer hay and July 15 just began to receive, and autumn hay receives the phase again eventually
It is partially early, it causes its harvest time substantially entirely in high temperature season, seriously affects its product quality (being shown in Table 3) and yield and benefit (is shown in Table
5), evening summer hay beginning receipts phase time, hay receipts phase at end in autumn of the also late hay of similar behavior are earliest, thus pacify in maturity and in terms of breeding time
Hay 1, late hay show poor in Hanzhong.
2. experimental cultivar plant and wild rice stem product characteristics compare
3. experimental cultivar plant of table and the performance of wild rice stem product characteristics
Note：The double season hays of available tillering be two season aggregate value.
From table 3 it can be seen that the double season hays of every cave available tillering are higher than single cropping hay, average list hay is single cropping hay again higher than double
Season hay, and plant height is that single cropping hay is much higher than double season hays.It should be noted that CK1, CK2 are practised because continuing to use local cultivation management
It is used, do not carry out strictly early period Plant adjustment (go weak, impurity elimination, go it is residual, remove strong yellow leaf etc.), be as a result exactly in picking time CK1, CK2
Wild rice stem plant ineffective tillering is excessive, and field light and airing condition is poor, is inconvenient into operations such as field harvestings, and cause
The low principal element of CK1, CK2 wild rice stem list hay weight.
In terms of wild rice stem product characteristics and commodity organoleptic quality, late hay because wild rice stem crust color pastiness, Wuxi intermediary hay because
The meat hair pine reasons such as rougher are very big to its qualitative effects, the two kind market sale prices are very low (being shown in Table 4), show a surname
2 hay, Wuxi intermediary hay kinds less adapt to the weather conditions in Hanzhong, and Hubei Province hay 3 is not straight because of wild rice stem product appearance shape
Characters such as (top tape arcs) also show generally.In general, product characteristics and the marketing quality overall evaluation are from good to the row of difference
Leie time be capital hay 1, great Bai hay, middle hay, close hay 2, peace hay 1, the small candlestick in Suzhou, local single cropping hay CK1, Hubei Province hay 3,
Local double seasons hay CK2, late hay, Wuxi intermediary hay.
3. experimental cultivar disease-resistant performance and male hay rate, grey hay rate compare
4 experimental cultivar disease-resistant performance of table and male hay rate, grey hay rate variable rate technology
As seen from Table 4, diseased plant rate is control 1, followed by compares 2, is Hubei Province hay 3, the small candlestick in Suzhou, other participation again
The kind diseased plant rate of test is all far smaller than this 4 kinds, illustrates that CK1, CK2, Hubei Province hay 3, the small candlestick disease resistance in Suzhou are poor.
And the reason high as 2 kind diseased plant rates of control, think it is local single cropping hay (CK1) and local double season hays
(CK2) in addition to kind disease resistance itself is weaker, also with planting density during cultivation management it is big, go residual to go ineffective tillering not thorough enough
The reasons such as bottom are related.
Male hay rate is ordered as local single cropping hay (CK1), local double season hays (CK2), the small candlestick in Suzhou, capital hay 1 from high to low
Number, Wuxi intermediary hay, great Bai hay, close hay 2, late hay, peace hay 1, Hubei Province hay 3, middle hay.The grey higher kind of hay rate is local single
Season hay (CK1), local double season hay (CK2), Hubei Province hay 3, the small candlesticks in Suzhou, the grey hay rates of other kinds 1.7%-2.8% it
Between.
4. experimental cultivar yield and performance analysis
As seen from Table 4, the summer hay yield of double each kinds of season hay is obviously higher than autumn hay yield, in the yield forming of each kind
Middle accounting surpasses 60%, and double each kind shell hays of season hay convert into 667m2What yield was higher than control CK2 is to close hay 2, the small candlestick in Suzhou,
For 3601.13kg/667m2、3127.56kg/667m2, than the 2702.02kg/667m of local double season hays (CK2)2It is higher by
33.3%, 15.7%, yield is Wuxi intermediary hay, late hay, peace hay 1, only local double seasons lower than local double season hays (CK2)
94.4%, 66.6%, the 52.2% of hay (CK2) yield.What the output value was higher than local double season hays (CK2) is to close hay 2, the small wax in Suzhou
Platform is higher by the CK2 output value 131%, 85.2%, and the minimum output value is Wuxi intermediary hay, only the 31.5% of the CK2 output value, late hay, peace hay
No. 1 output value also only has 44.4%, the 90.4% of the CK2 output value.
4 tested variety capital hays 1 of single cropping hay yield, great Bai hay, middle hay, difference very little (1.3%) between Hubei Province hay 3,
Be above local single cropping hay (CK1) yield 25%, the output value be higher than local single cropping hay (CK1) be followed successively by 82.8%, 84.3%,
83.4%, 25.1%.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of selection of Zizania latifolia Cultivars, it is characterized in that including the following steps：
Using district's groups experimental design, double season hays and single cropping hay are provided separately district's groups, compare to continue to use local planting habit and management
Subregion is separately provided in mode, each introduced variety minizone random distribution in district's groups, in triplicate, plot area 30m2(5m×
6m), distance between rows and hills 100cm × 70cm, fertilising, field management are carried out by local cultivation habit；Mode of planting method, resident time and
Seedling process is as follows before being colonized：
Double season hay late Febuaries divide pier to be colonized in cell, and specific method is that the female pier for taking last year to reserve seed for planting is divided into small Jiao Dun to be colonized, often
Small Jiao Dun requires to have old stem, and has and perfect tiller 5-6, with dig, with point, with cultivation；Single cropping hay then needs to increase segmentation nursery
Process, method are the female piers for taking seed field mid-April, prescind above wild rice stem eye 30 centimetres with blade, are divided into 5-6, band
The small pier for perfecting tiller is transplanted into the nursery of nursery field, divides pier Transplanting Density 65cm × 55cm, and late May each kind presses testing program
Each cell of Plant colonization, distance between rows and hills 100cm × 70cm are divided by strong sprout standard and following processing methods again；It will be into before field planting
Row seedling process：Kind of a pier has been dug in nursery field, is prescinded and is cut with blade, then with sharp knife from tiller base portion for 30 centimetres above wild rice stem eye
Lower healthy and strong band perennial root tiller is as transplanting seedling；
It records the experimental cultivar seeding stage, resident time, the tiller time, start pregnant hay time, harvest time (each receipts phase beginning in season, eventually receipts
Phase), observe and record test variety variable rate technology character, a situation arises and control efficiency, product commodity property for pest and disease damage, each cell
Same collecting season harvests hair hay yield in batches and merges statistics cell production, records harvest date wholesale market price, analysis is compared
Different cultivars planting benefit, commodity property screen the wild rice stem main breed for being suitble to large-scale production and combination kind.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN109371165A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-02-22 | 中国计量大学 | It is a kind of identify the pregnant hay phase characteristic of wild rice stem molecular labeling and its application, acquisition methods |
| CN109439793A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-08 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of identification double-season early rice early molecular labeling of late-maturing characteristic and its application, acquisition methods |
| CN113434810A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-24 | 河北工程大学 | Method for controlling growth quality of reeds |
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| CN106258275A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2017-01-04 | 开县金地农业开发有限公司 | Autumn plants the implantation methods of double-season early rice |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109371165A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-02-22 | 中国计量大学 | It is a kind of identify the pregnant hay phase characteristic of wild rice stem molecular labeling and its application, acquisition methods |
| CN109439793A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-08 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of identification double-season early rice early molecular labeling of late-maturing characteristic and its application, acquisition methods |
| CN113434810A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-24 | 河北工程大学 | Method for controlling growth quality of reeds |
| CN113434810B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2023-01-24 | 河北工程大学 | Method for controlling growth quality of reeds |
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Application publication date: 20181116 |