CN108812035A - A kind of south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108812035A CN108812035A CN201810875424.0A CN201810875424A CN108812035A CN 108812035 A CN108812035 A CN 108812035A CN 201810875424 A CN201810875424 A CN 201810875424A CN 108812035 A CN108812035 A CN 108812035A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pears
- canopy
- south
- rain shelter
- cultivation method
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of southern pears facility rain shelter cultivation methods, and this method designs suitable seeding row spacing for the growth and development characteristic of pears and suitably stays fruit branch, and the mating facility of taking shelter from rain most saved, and save cost for peasant household.This method passes through production practices, it is found that fruit quality and yield are more advantageous than outdoor cultivation, very has promotional value in rainy south.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pear cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method.
Background technique
Pears are Jiangsu Province Main Cultivation fruit trees, about 580,000 mu of cultivated area, based on conventional surface cultivation mode, but this
The weather of Area during Summer high temperature and humidity greatly influences the growth of the tree species, bloom and fruit quality, protected fruit trees cultivation are rule
Natural calamity is kept away, production of fruit trees risk is reduced, improves the effective means of economic benefit from fruit production, rain shelter cultivation is as facility cultivation
A kind of simple form, is not becalmed with rain cover, regulate and control plant growth microenvironment for the purpose of, Jiangsu Part fruit tree (grape,
Peach, cherry) on be applied successfully.
However, requirement, temperature such as bud differentiation to chilling requirement change the shadow grown to young sprout since tree species habit is different
There is apparent difference in sound, illumination, degree of association of water regime and fruit quality etc., therefore other tree species are taken shelter from rain cultivation
The practical experience of training is indiscriminately imitated in there are many restrictions in pears production, and therefore, pear tree pest and disease damage occurs under the conditions of studying rain shelter cultivation
Rule, in due course, accurately pest and disease damage green prevention and control technology, the highly effective and safe for creating suitable Jiangsu Province climatic environment are taken shelter from rain for foundation
Technical system is finally integrated into reproducible pears rain shelter cultivation new model, mentions to develop green safe efficient pears industry
It is had a very important significance for technical support.Currently, also fewer for the research of pears rain shelter cultivation, and also not system,
Constrain the popularization of pears cultivation techniques for shelter from rain.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of southern pears facility rain shelter cultivation method, lacks solving the prior art and be
The problem of pears cultivation techniques for shelter from rain of system will be put.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method, includes the following steps：
(1) company of building canopy, a height of 3.8m of canopy, single canopy width are 5m, inside set horizontal rack, and middle standing pillar is two neighboring list
Canopy shares, wherein column high 1.8m, sagitta 2m；
(2) pear sapling is colonized in column a line of two neighboring single canopy, spacing in the rows 4m, line-spacing 5m；
(3) pear tree heading height is 1.5m, and every plant of pear tree retains two major branches, and two major branches are respectively along uniline column side
To tree two sides level culture, major branch grows 1.5~2m；
(4) start to stay first side shoot at 0.5~0.6m of major branch base portion, later each major branch is ipsilateral at interval of 0.3
~0.4m stays a side shoot, in this way, each major branch is ipsilateral to retain 5 side shoots, due to pear tree branch be usually to life,
Each major branch co-cultures 10 side shoots, and side shoot is cultivated to the two neighboring direction Dan Peng respectively.
Preferably, the angle of the long 1.2~1.5m of the side shoot, side shoot and major branch is 30 °.
Preferably, most side row major branch, which only retains, stretches to culture side shoot in side in canopy, removes the side shoot stretched to outside canopy, because outside
Side shoot canopy film cannot cover, and not have the purpose of rain shelter cultivation, so directly removing when shaping.
Preferably, side shoot extending head is cultivated in vertical direction with side shoot, and length is in 1.2m~1.5m.
In above-mentioned south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method, it is preferable that even a canopy builds that position selection soil layer is deep, draining
The good, gentle slope of the level land below level of ground water 0.8m or the gradient less than 5 °, soil pH 6.0~7.5.
In order to be more convenient for divulging information, it is preferable that film design is 1m wide, can receive and can put on the right side of the single canopy of even each of canopy
Wound membrane, rainy day put down, and fine day is packed up.
The invention has the advantages that：
Light, growth occurs using the pears pest and disease damage of this method cultivation to stablize, bud differentiation rate is high, and the maturity period is early, fruit product
Matter is good and yield is high, and fruit unit price and commodity fruit rate are higher, is suitble to the production of southern high-temperature area of heavy rainfull pears, can effectively solve
The problem of certainly southern rainwater is more and outdoor cultivation has an impact its fruit kind and percentage of fertile fruit.This method is real by production
It tramples, it is found that fruit quality and yield are more advantageous than outdoor cultivation, very there is promotional value in rainy south.
This method designs suitable trunk height, seeding row spacing and suitable for the growth and development characteristic and operating comfort of pears
Side shoot angle, the mating facility of taking shelter from rain most saved, peasant household's operation is comfortable, has reached that southern pears are high-quality, efficient, laborsaving, abridged edition
Cultivation purpose.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to connect a booth structure main view；
Fig. 2 is that intermediate pear tree cultivates tree-like pictorial diagram.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
Embodiment
A kind of south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method, includes the following steps：
(1) selection soil layer is deep, drains, the gentle slope of the level land below level of ground water 0.8m or the gradient less than 5 °, soil
Even canopy, a height of 3.8m of canopy are built in the position of pH 6.0~7.5, and single canopy width is 5m, inside set horizontal rack, and middle standing pillar is adjacent
Two single canopies share, wherein column high 1.8m, sagitta 2m；
(2) pear sapling is colonized in column a line of each single canopy, spacing in the rows 3m, line-spacing 5m；
(3) pear tree heading height is 1.5m, and every plant of pear tree retains two major branches, and two major branches are respectively along uniline column side
To tree two sides level culture, major branch grows 1.5~2m；
(4) start to stay first side shoot at 0.5~0.6m of major branch base portion, later each major branch is ipsilateral at interval of 0.3
~0.4m stays a side shoot, and each major branch co-cultures 10 side shoots, and side shoot is cultivated to the two neighboring direction Dan Peng respectively.The side
The angle of the long 1.2~1.5m of branch, side shoot and major branch is 30 °.Most side row major branch, which only retains, stretches to side culture side shoot, side in canopy
Branch extending head is cultivated in vertical direction with side shoot, and length is in 1.2m~1.5m.
(5) film design is 1m wide, can receive the wound membrane that can be put on the right side of the single canopy of even each of canopy, and the rainy day puts down, fine day
It packs up.
In order to further prove beneficial effects of the present invention, inventor has also carried out following test, specially：
It is in January, 2015 in December, 2017, right respectively with 5 years raw high-quality early ripening pears " early raw new water " for test material
The high 3.8m of cultural method, that is, facility canopy in the present invention, single canopy width are 5m, column high 1.8m, sagitta 2m, and heading height is
The angle of 1.5m, the cultivation of two major branches, side shoot and major branch is 30 °, is set as A, is 1.0m with heading height under the conditions of identical canopy shape, fixed
Row is planted at every canopy center, and the angle of side shoot and major branch is 60 °, and being set as B and conventional outdoor cropping heading height is 1.5m, two major branches
The angle of cultivation, side shoot and major branch is 30 °, is set as CK, is compared, remaining field management method is consistent, relatively and counts sight
3 kinds of cultivation modes are examined to the side such as common disease and pest, year shoot growth amount, bud differentiation situation, phenological period, fruit yield and quality
The influence in face filters out the optimal Chinese pear planting type in southern high-temperature area of heavy rainfull.
1, a situation arises for pest and disease damage common under three kinds of planting types
Comparing pest and disease damage common under 3 kinds of planting types, a situation arises, and wherein disease is with rust, ring spot and scab
Main, insect pest is mainly starved with twill leaf, based on aphid, oriental fruit months and red spider.By table 1,2 result of table it is found that with conventional dew
Ground cultivation is compared, and takes rain shelter cultivation to have remarkable result to the pest and disease damage for mitigating southern pears area, wherein with effect of the invention
Most preferably, within the plant disease incidence 10% of 3 kinds of Common Diseases, and occurrence degree is lighter, and insect pest occurrence degree is also most light, need to only lack
Amount application biological agent pesticide can reach control efficiency, to realize that the operatic circle green production is laid a good foundation.
The influence that disease occurs for 1 different planting of table
The influence that insect pest occurs for 2 different planting of table
2, three kinds of planting types are to shoot growth amount, bud differentiation and the influence in phenological period
The increment of branch under 3 kinds of planting types is compared in table 3, as a result, it has been found that under B mode, between side shoot and major branch
Angle be between 45 ° to 60 °, branch angle is big, and shoot growth amount is big, and branch average length is 63.4cm, and rugosity is
0.9cm, it is big compared with outdoor cropping and A mode increment, but its bud differentiation rate not a height of 25%, only the 48% of outdoor cropping,
Of the invention 51% be easy to cause outside tree vigo(u)r aging and fruitful branch in production and moves, is unfavorable for facility cultivation.Branch in A mode
Increment is little with outdoor cropping difference with bud differentiation rate, is advantageously implemented stable yields high yield.Under A mode and B mode except at
Ripe phase in remaining outer phenological period is synchronous, and relatively conventional outdoor cropping is all early, and budding period, flowering stage, full-bloom stage, maturity period are early respectively
Early 6 days, 7 days, 8 days and 10~12 days, illustrate that facility cultivation is conducive to fruit and lists ahead of time, and with simple rain shelter cultivation fruit at
It is ripe earliest.
3 different planting of table is to shoot growth amount, bud differentiation and the influence in phenological period
3, influence of three kinds of planting types to fruit yield and quality
From table 4, it can be seen that the longitudinal and transverse diameter of fruit is variant under different planting, wherein under B mode fruit it is vertical,
Transverse diameter is smaller, and fruit single fruit weight is also minimum, and average out to 180g, single plant yield is also minimum, is 14.8kg.Single fruit under A mode
Weight is higher than conventional outdoor cropping with single plant yield, while influencing the important factor soluble solid content highest of fruit quality,
It is 13.3%, higher by 0.5% than B mode and conventional outdoor cropping respectively and 1.6%, taste sweet tea.Hardness indifference under 3 kinds of cultivation modes
It is different.
Influence of 4 different planting of table to fruit yield and quality
4, the amount of labour used and fruit economic characters compare under three kinds of planting types
5 different planting mu input cost of table and economic benefits comparison
As can be seen from Table 5, under the conditions of different planting, daily management if you need to time such as side shoot lure and draw binding, repair
The differences such as cut, A mode and the positioning of C mode trunk are high, and people's work of walk in canopy is convenient, and B mode, and people will bore under canopy encircles
It can operate, the working efficiency of unit time is lower.Since the maturation under A mode is early, the good pest and disease damage of fruit quality is few and light, fruit
Monovalent high, 16 yuan of per kilogram, commodity fruit rate is also high, although and the maturity period is more early under B mode, fruit quality is quite weaker,
And fruit is small, so causing price and commodity fruit rate low compared with A mode.
In summary, under the conditions of A mode is the present invention, " early raw new water " pears pest and disease damage occurs light, growth and stablizes, bud
Differentiation rate is high, and the maturity period is early, and fruit quality and yield are good, and labor efficiency is high, and fruit unit price and commodity fruit rate are higher, is suitble to south
Square areas of high temperature and rainfall pears production.
Although above having used general explanation and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, at this
On the basis of invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore,
These modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention are fallen within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method, which is characterized in that the cultural method includes the following steps：
(1) company of building canopy, a height of 3.8m of canopy, single canopy width are 5m, inside set horizontal rack, and middle standing pillar is that two neighboring single canopy is total
With, wherein column high 1.8m, sagitta 2m；
(2) pear sapling is colonized in column a line of two neighboring single canopy, spacing in the rows 4m, line-spacing 5m；
(3) pear tree heading height is 1.5m, and every plant of pear tree retains two major branches, two major branches respectively along uniline column direction to
Set the culture of two sides level, the long 1.5~2m of major branch；
(4) start to stay first side shoot at 0.5~0.6m of major branch base portion, later each major branch it is ipsilateral at interval of 0.3~
0.4m stays a side shoot, and each major branch co-cultures 10 side shoots, and side shoot is cultivated to the two neighboring direction Dan Peng respectively.
2. south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the side shoot is long by 1.2~
The angle of 1.5m, side shoot and major branch is 30 °.
3. south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that most row major branch in side only retains and stretches
Into canopy, side shoot is cultivated in side.
4. south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that side shoot extending head is in side shoot
Vertical direction culture, length is in 1.2m~1.5m.
5. south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that even a canopy builds position selection
Soil layer is deep, drains, the gentle slope of the level land below level of ground water 0.8m or the gradient less than 5 °, soil pH 6.0~7.5.
6. south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that even the single canopy of each of canopy is right
Side film design is that can receive the wound membrane that can be put.
7. south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the wide 1m of wound membrane.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810875424.0A CN108812035B (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2018-08-02 | Facility rain-sheltering cultivation method for southern pears |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810875424.0A CN108812035B (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2018-08-02 | Facility rain-sheltering cultivation method for southern pears |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108812035A true CN108812035A (en) | 2018-11-16 |
| CN108812035B CN108812035B (en) | 2020-11-06 |
Family
ID=64152631
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810875424.0A Active CN108812035B (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2018-08-02 | Facility rain-sheltering cultivation method for southern pears |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108812035B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111543239A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-18 | 三亚游龙农业开发有限公司 | Anti-season mango cultivation method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104885841A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-09-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for rain sheltering, sun shading and bird prevention during sweet cherry plantation in warm southern regions |
| CN107466773A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-15 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Pears are facilitated without bag high-yield culture technique by gutter-connected plastic tent |
-
2018
- 2018-08-02 CN CN201810875424.0A patent/CN108812035B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104885841A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-09-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for rain sheltering, sun shading and bird prevention during sweet cherry plantation in warm southern regions |
| CN107466773A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-15 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Pears are facilitated without bag high-yield culture technique by gutter-connected plastic tent |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111543239A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-18 | 三亚游龙农业开发有限公司 | Anti-season mango cultivation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108812035B (en) | 2020-11-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104322344B (en) | A kind of facility grape two crops a year cultural method setting basin combination | |
| CN104160906A (en) | Peach tree shaping and trimming method | |
| CN105248211B (en) | Conjuncted " comb shape " the form culture method of Chinese pear horizontal rack list major branch | |
| CN107371965B (en) | Tuning fork-shaped pear tree shape and shaping and trimming method thereof | |
| CN107517775A (en) | The cultivating stand and its cultural method of a kind of double-deck unidirectional plantation dragon fruit of duplicate rows | |
| CN103283559A (en) | Panicle arrangement method for improving Kyoho grape setting rate | |
| CN110771421B (en) | Taiji-shaped grape landscape planting method | |
| CN110393123A (en) | One kind " hollow out cylinder " shape grape landscape plantation bracket and its implantation methods | |
| CN104303943B (en) | The cultivation method of green grape | |
| CN108812035A (en) | A kind of south pears facility rain shelter cultivation method | |
| CN103299843B (en) | Spike trimming method for increasing fruit setting rate of muscat grape | |
| CN103392523B (en) | A kind of whole fringe method improving blue or green grape Fruit-setting rate | |
| CN215530426U (en) | Star-point type landscape grape tree-shaped planting structure | |
| Bucur et al. | Research on adaptation measures of viticulture to climate change: overview. | |
| CN102524013B (en) | Method for rain shelter cultivation of apples | |
| CN206791207U (en) | A kind of double-deck stereo vinegrowing support | |
| Coman et al. | Actual tendencies of fruit culture in Romania | |
| CN112335482B (en) | Grape sightseeing picking garden house type planting structure and planting method thereof | |
| CN210491942U (en) | Support is planted to "fretwork cylinder" type grape | |
| CN114916372B (en) | Grape trellis transformation method for changing V-shaped frame into trellis | |
| CN207219539U (en) | A kind of cultivating stand of the double-deck unidirectional plantation dragon fruit of duplicate rows | |
| Sabbatini et al. | Viticultural options to achieve desired grape yield and quality | |
| Xie | Enhancing Quality and Optimizing Protection: Cost Analysis of Grapevine Greenhouse Cultivation and Management | |
| Patterson et al. | Vine Management Systems | |
| CN113575265A (en) | Star-point type landscape grape tree-shaped planting structure and planting method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |