CN108812022A - A kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents
A kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN108812022A CN108812022A CN201810626238.3A CN201810626238A CN108812022A CN 108812022 A CN108812022 A CN 108812022A CN 201810626238 A CN201810626238 A CN 201810626238A CN 108812022 A CN108812022 A CN 108812022A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
- A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings, include the following steps：Seed treatment and vernalization, direct sowing and seedling, breeding and seedling nursing with equipment, grafting cultivates and comprehensive seedling management.The present invention is a kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings, its is simple to operation, from Pregermination and seedling breeding up to grafting is out of the garden, obtain a large amount of high-quality seedling, and it ensure that the sufficient nutrition supply of stock, its stock, which reaches graftable rugosity, can mention or so the previous year, substantially reduce the time that seedling-wood breeding is carried out by graft technology, simultaneously to engrafting method, bleeding processing etc. is standardized, it is careful to arrive each details of operation, it is systematization arrangement and innovation for current apocarya nursery, is the necessary condition for realizing apocarya industrialization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nursery fields, and in particular to a kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings.
Background technique
Apocarya also known as pecan, pecan tree are Juglandaceae hickory plant.Originate in the U.S., Mo Xi
Brother is one of world-renowned dry fruit.Fruit kernel percent is high, and food flavor perfume (or spice) profit is tasty and refreshing, and oil content is high, and shell is thin easy-peel；Trunk is logical straight,
Material is excellent.Since its tree body is tall and big, is thick with leaves, tree performance is graceful, and is good township afforestation tree species.Apocarya in
Introducing our province in 1901 has one-hundred-year history, and there are fragmentary distribution in present our province various regions, and show preferable.In order to promote this
Rare special type nonwood forest trees are supplied to the technology people of nursery rich and influential family and enterprise now with regard to technologies such as the breeding of related strong sprout and graftings
Member refers in production.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings.
Present invention solves the technical problem that can be realized using following technical scheme：A kind of apocarya nursery side
Method includes the following steps：
(1) seed treatment and vernalization：Select 6-10 kilograms of mass of 1000 kernel, water content 8%-9% thin shell mountain pecan peach seeds,
Using low-temperature stratification germination hastening method, spring quick pregermination method, water logging solarization germination hastening method and soak germination hastening method one of method into
Row vernalization；
(2) direct sowing and seedling：Selection illumination first is sufficient, and soil layer is deep, and loosing soil is fertile, irrigation and drainage convenience, traffic convenience
Farmland or crop land；Then (depth >=30cm), surrounding hold gutter successfully with taking comprehensive deep ploughing garden, and area is biggish also to be wanted
Middle ditch is increased, applies 50kg compound fertilizer per acre, farmyard manure 4000kg makees base manure, and applies suitable insecticide and fungicide, prevents ground
Lower pest and germ harm, and furrow are done on the ground in the garden handled well, it is finally sowed, is sowed using sunken bed, seedbed is wide
120cm-140cm drains furrow width 40cm, deep 30cm, long depending on nursery condition and needs, spacing in the rows 20-25cm, line-spacing 30-
40cm；
(3) breeding and seedling nursing with equipment：It can be moved in container after germination grows 1 year and cultivated in greenhouse, greenhouse should be set
Flat, easily local close to water source, traffic power in hidding and sunny side, topography, interior seedling container of containing puts the whole of a line sky a line
Be placed in greenhouse together, and by two in the ranks gap tamped with soil, after putting certain length, stay 40cm pavement, one year seedling is held
Device is made of plastics or non-woven fabrics, container high 22cm-24cm, back cut diameter 14em-16cm, the nutrition after interior filling disinfection
Soil, Nutrition Soil is away from upper opening of container 1cm；
(4) grafting is cultivated：In the season of growth, the seedling of 1-2 robust growth is chosen, scion grafting is carried out or bud connects,
Collision is avoided after grafting, is easily sprouted young shoot on stock within 20 days or so after grafting, should be erased in time, in order to avoid influence budder sprouting and life
It is long, when scion young sprout grows to 20cm or more, a branch rod is aside inserted, prevents windbreak, the young sprout of working as of scion grafting grows to 30cm or more
When, binder should be released in time, while in 2 after grafting week, taboo irrigation fertilization is answered when young sprout grows to 10cm or more
Timely topdressing and watering, attention control pest and disease damage,
(5) comprehensive seedling management：It when seedling is largely unearthed, should check in time, if discovery is short of seedling seriously, answer timely after-culture
The seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally through vernalization or after-culture seedling；After the lamina that comes up, fertilizer is imposed in conjunction with irrigation in due course, and removed
Grass；Pay attention to controlling the prevention and treatment of temperature and humidity and pest and disease damage.
Preferably, the process of the low-temperature stratification germination hastening method in the step (1) is：Seed clear water impregnates 5-6 days (daily
Change water), and with 0.5% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate, then it is sufficiently mixed uniformly with clean wet river sand in 1: 2-3 ratio,
It is put into the ditch for the wet sand for completing 1 layer of 20cm thickness in advance, capping wet sand, earthing, temperature is maintained at 1-7 DEG C in ditch；Spring is quick
Germination hastening method process is：Spring first uses 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate to soak when ground temperature is increased to 10 DEG C or so, by the seed of storage
Kinds 2 hours, then with 40 DEG C of water seed soaking, impregnated again 24 hours after natural cooling, pull seed out and be placed between 2 layers of piece of sack,
Gunnysack and seed are drenched water, carry out vernalization, when gunnysack appearance meets personally dry, water drenching immediately remains the wet shape of the piece of sack
State；Water logging solarization germination hastening method process is：Early March is impregnated seed 2 days with clear water, is sufficiently pulled out after water suction, booth exists at a thin layer
Then exposure 1 day under sunlight is impregnated, exposure again, after 7 days, can sow after kind of shell cracking, does not have breach to continue to locate
Reason, circulation sowing；Immersion germination hastening method process be：The seed chosen clear water is impregnated 4-5 days, is changed daily water 1 time, is inhaled to seed
It directly ditches after sufficient water program request.
Preferably, the direct sowing and seedling in the step (2) is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing, and the seed sowed in spring as storage is in the spring in next year
It is sowed after its vernalization, when program request, allows seed to lay flat, then earthing, thick 3cm, thickness of earth covering wants uniformity, after planting exists
50 centimetres of high Small plastic sheds are set up on bed surface, autumn sowing is that can sow after fruit harvesting shells, and seed is advisable with drilling, sowing
When, seed is laid flat, and is covered, thick 3-4cm, upper covering mulch, then cover Small plastic shed with fine earth or thin scorched clay dust, is heated moisturizing.
Preferably, Nutrition Soil formula is in the step (3)：1 part of 5 parts of loam, 3 parts of peat soil, perlite or rice husk, corruption
1 part of ripe farmyard manure or every cubic metre of formula soil add slow-release fertilizer 2kg-3kg；And by 70% pentachloronitrobenzene powder of the Nutrition Soil prepared
Agent and 80% zineb pulvis are hybridly prepared into " five generation mixture " with 1: 1 ratio and are handled, and match by 60~100 grams every cubic metre
" the medicine soil " of 30 times of parts is made, uniformly admixes in Nutrition Soil.
Preferably, the scion grafting process in the step (4) is：It will be cut at stock from the ground 10cm, scabble edge after clip
Partial application is erected at stock southeastern direction side 1/3-1/4, notch is about 3cm-4cm, slightly xylem, and scion lower part two sides are each
Cutting a long bevel and a short bevel makes wedgewise, and long bevel is slightly longer than stock notch, with scion is inserted into stock notch, makes
The long bevel of scion exposes a little (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally), and both makes forming layer close apposition (such as scion is small, should be with the side forming layer of stock
Alignment), it is tightened from bottom to top with plastic film tape, only exposes scion main bud；Bud termination process is：It is taken in scion with catling
The bud tablets of 3cm-4cm long, 0.8cm-1.2cm wide, bud will be located at the middle of bud tablets, then select light on stock with catling
, the cortex of width 1mm-2mm identical with bud tablets size length is cut at sliding, and cortex is removed, in notch while taking cortex
Tear 1mm-2mm wide for lower section side, and the bark for being about 2cm makees wound mouth, and then bud tablets are attached on stock mouth, and side is close to,
Wound mouth is reserved, and is wrapped up and is sealed with thin plastic, elastic appropriateness should not be by wound mouth Bao Yan, and bud is exposed, in scion grafting and bud
All a long 2cm need to be cut with knife below interface before connecing, wide 2mm notch or with the method discharge graft union bleeding sap being completely cured.
Beneficial effect is：The present invention is a kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings, simple to operation, from Pregermination and seedling breeding up to
Grafting is out of the garden, and obtains a large amount of high-quality seedling, and ensure that the sufficient nutrition supply of stock, stock reaches graftable
Rugosity can mention or so the previous year, substantially reduce the time that seedling-wood breeding is carried out by graft technology, while to engrafting method,
Bleeding processing etc. standardized, it is careful arrive each details of operation, be for current apocarya nursery systematization it is whole
Reason and innovation are the necessary conditions for realizing apocarya industrialization.Using above-mentioned technology, kind can be increased substantially by vernalization
Sub- bud ratio, and germination accelerating method can be selected according to physical condition, special " medicine soil " makes seedling reduce disease pest in seedling raising process
Evil probability, survival rate improve, and the seedling that perfect cultivation system makes is more healthy and stronger, and the sapling for growth grows up healthy and sound and core
Peach yield lays the foundation.This field knows to influence the factor of this anvil of apocarya graft survival rate, except apocarya is formed
The relatively thin, medulla of layer is big and tannin content is high outer, also resides in the viability for how ensureing scion, with promote calli induction and
The subsequent growth of tree body goes out due to hurting liquid stream after disconnected anvil, forms diaphragm in the contact surface of anvil fringe, seriously affects the healing of anvil fringe,
Ineffective using existing method, the present invention has selected suitable grafting method, and scion is allow to possess optimal viability, thus
The Relationship between Graft Effect obtained cuts a long 2cm with knife below interface before scion grafting and bud connect, wide 2mm notch or with the side being completely cured
Method discharges graft union bleeding sap, promotes anvil fringe contact surface to form callus as early as possible, ensures the viability of scion.
Specific embodiment
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
A kind of specific embodiment of apocarya method for culturing seedlings of the present invention：A kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings, packet
Include following steps：(1) seed treatment and vernalization：Select 6-10 kilograms of mass of 1000 kernel, water content 8%-9% apocarya kind
Son, using low-temperature stratification germination hastening method, spring quick pregermination method, one of method of water logging solarization germination hastening method and the germination hastening method that soaks
Carry out vernalization；(2) direct sowing and seedling：Selection illumination first is sufficient, and soil layer is deep, and loosing soil is fertile, irrigation and drainage convenience, traffic convenience
Farmland or crop land；Then (depth >=30cm), surrounding hold gutter successfully with taking comprehensive deep ploughing garden, and area is biggish also to be wanted
Middle ditch is increased, applies 50kg compound fertilizer per acre, farmyard manure 4000kg makees base manure, and applies suitable insecticide and fungicide, prevents ground
Lower pest and germ harm, and furrow are done on the ground in the garden handled well.It is finally sowed, is sowed using sunken bed, seedbed is wide
120cm-140cm drains furrow width 40cm, deep 30cm, long depending on nursery condition and needs, spacing in the rows 20-25cm, line-spacing 30-
40cm；(3) breeding and seedling nursing with equipment：It can be moved in container after germination grows 1 year and cultivated in greenhouse.Greenhouse should be located at
Hidding and sunny side, topography are flat, easily local close to water source, traffic power, and interior seedling container of containing puts the neat of a line sky a line
Be placed in greenhouse, and by two in the ranks gap tamped with soil, after putting certain length, stay 40cm pavement.One year seedling container
It is made of plastics or non-woven fabrics, container high 22cm-24cm, back cut diameter 14cm-16cm, the nutrition after interior filling disinfection
Soil, Nutrition Soil is away from upper opening of container 1cm；(4) grafting is cultivated：In the season of growth, the seedling of 1-2 robust growth is chosen, into
Row scion grafting or bud connect.Collision is avoided after grafting, is easily sprouted young shoot on stock within 20 days or so after grafting, should be erased in time, in order to avoid
Influence is buddered sprouting and growth, when scion young sprout grows to 20cm or more, is aside inserted a branch rod, is prevented windbreak, scion grafting is worked as
When young sprout grows to 30cm or more, binder should be released in time, while in 2 after grafting week, irrigation fertilization is avoided, when young sprout is long
When to 10cm or more, timely topdressing and watering, attention control pest and disease damage are answered.(5) comprehensive seedling management：When seedling is largely unearthed,
It should check in time, serious, the seed for answering timely after-culture to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally through vernalization or after-culture seedling if discovery is short of seedling；Come up lamina
Afterwards, fertilizer is imposed in conjunction with irrigation in due course, and carries out weeding；Pay attention to controlling the prevention and treatment of temperature and humidity and pest and disease damage.The step
Suddenly the process of the low-temperature stratification germination hastening method in (1) is：Seed impregnates 5-6 days (changing water daily) with clear water, and with 0.5% Gao Meng
Then sour potassium solution disinfection is sufficiently mixed uniformly in 1: 2-3 ratio with clean wet river sand, is put into and completes 1 layer of 20cm thickness in advance
Wet sand ditch in, cover wet sand, earthing, temperature is maintained at 1-7 DEG C in ditch；Spring quick pregermination method process is：Spring is on ground
When temperature is increased to 10 DEG C or so, 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate is first used to soak seed 2 hours in the seed of storage, then with 40 DEG C of temperature
Water logging kind impregnates 24 hours after natural cooling again, pulls seed out and be placed between 2 layers of piece of sack, and gunnysack and seed are drenched water, carries out
Vernalization, when gunnysack appearance meets personally dry, water drenching immediately remains the moisture state of the piece of sack；Water logging solarization germination hastening method process
For：Early March is impregnated seed 2 days with clear water, is sufficiently pulled out after water suction, booth is at a thin layer exposure 1 day in the sun, then again
Secondary immersion, exposure can be sowed after kind of shell cracking after 7 days, not have continuing with for breach, circulation sowing；Soak germination hastening method
Process is：The seed chosen clear water is impregnated 4-5 days, is changed daily water 1 time, program request of directly ditching after seed suctions water.Institute
The direct sowing and seedling stated in step (2) is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing.It sows in spring and is sowed after the vernalization of spring in next year for the seed of storage,
When program request, seed is allowed to lay flat, then earthing, thick 3cm, thickness of earth covering wants uniformity, and 50 centimetres are after planting set up on bed surface
High Small plastic shed.Autumn sowing is that can sow after fruit harvesting shelling, and seed is advisable with drilling, and when sowing, seed is laid flat, with fine earth
Or thin scorched clay dust covering, thick 3-4cm, upper covering mulch, then Small plastic shed is covered, heat moisturizing.Nutrition Soil is matched in the step (3)
Fang Wei：1 part of 5 parts of loam, 3 parts of peat soil, perlite or rice husk, 1 part of well-rotted farmyard manure or every cubic metre of formula soil add slow-release fertilizer
2kg-3kg；And by 70% pentachloronitrobenzene pulvis of the Nutrition Soil prepared and 80% zineb pulvis with 1: 1 ratio mixed preparing
It is handled at " five generation mixture ", " the medicine soil " of 30 times of parts is configured to by 60~100 grams every cubic metre, uniformly admixes Nutrition Soil
In.Scion grafting process in the step (4) is：It will cut, be scabbled after clip along stock southeastern direction at stock from the ground 10cm
Partial application is erected at the 1/3-1/4 of side, notch is about 3cm-4cm, slightly xylem, by scion lower part two sides respectively cut a long bevel and
One short bevel makes wedgewise, and long bevel is slightly longer than stock notch, with scion is inserted into stock notch, makes the long bevel dew of scion
A little (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally) out, and make the two forming layer close apposition (such as scion is small, should be aligned with the side forming layer of stock), use plastics
Film band tightens from bottom to top, only exposes scion main bud；Bud termination process is：Taken in scion with catling 3cm-4cm long,
The bud tablets of 0.8cm-1.2cm wide, bud will be located at the middle of bud tablets, then select smooth place to cut together on stock with catling
Bud tablets size length is identical, the cortex of width 1mm-2mm, and cortex is removed, and takes and tears while cortex in suitable order side
Lower 1mm-2mm wide, the bark for being about 2cm make wound mouth, then bud tablets are attached on stock mouth, and side is close to, and reserve wound mouth,
And wrapped up and sealed with thin plastic, elastic appropriateness should not be by wound mouth Bao Yan, and bud is exposed.It all need to be before scion grafting and bud connect
A long 2cm is cut with knife below interface, wide 2mm notch or with the method discharge graft union bleeding sap being completely cured.
It is simple to operation the present invention provides a kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings, from Pregermination and seedling breeding up to grafting
It is out of the garden, obtains a large amount of high-quality seedling, and ensure that the sufficient nutrition supply of stock, stock reaches graftable rugosity can
To mention or so the previous year, the time that seedling-wood breeding is carried out by graft technology is substantially reduced, while to engrafting method, at bleeding
Reason etc. is standardized, careful to arrive each details of operation, is for the systematization arrangement of current apocarya nursery and wound
It newly, is the necessary condition for realizing apocarya industrialization.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by bright specification is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant technical fields,
Similarly it is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) seed treatment and vernalization：It selects 6-10 kilograms of mass of 1000 kernel, water content in the thin shell mountain pecan peach seeds of 8%-9%, uses
Low-temperature stratification germination hastening method, spring quick pregermination method, water logging solarization germination hastening method and soak germination hastening method one of method urged
Bud；
(2) direct sowing and seedling：Selection illumination first is sufficient, and soil layer is deep, and loosing soil is fertile, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, traffic convenience agriculture
Field or crop land；Then (depth >=30cm), surrounding hold gutter successfully with taking comprehensive deep ploughing garden, and area is biggish will also to be increased
Middle ditch, applies 50kg compound fertilizer, farmyard manure 4000kg makees base manure per acre, and applies suitable insecticide and fungicide, prevents underground evil
Worm and germ harm, and furrow are done on the ground in the garden handled well.It is finally sowed, is sowed using sunken bed, the wide 120cm- in seedbed
140cm drains furrow width 40cm, deep 30cm, long depending on nursery condition and needs, spacing in the rows 20-25cm, line-spacing 30-40cm；
(3) breeding and seedling nursing with equipment：It can be moved in container after germination grows 1 year and cultivated in greenhouse.Greenhouse should be located at and keep away
Wind direction sun, topography are flat, easily local close to water source, traffic power, the interior neat pendulum contained seedling container and put a line sky a line
Be placed in greenhouse, and by two in the ranks gap tamped with soil, after putting certain length, stay 40cm pavement, one year seedling container is adopted
It is made of plastics or non-woven fabrics, container high 22cm-24cm, back cut diameter 14cm-16cm, the Nutrition Soil after interior filling disinfection,
Nutrition Soil is away from upper opening of container 1cm；
(4) grafting is cultivated：In the season of growth, the seedling of 1-2 robust growth is chosen, scion grafting is carried out or bud connects, graft
After avoid collision, easily sprout young shoot on stock within 20 days or so after grafting, should erase in time, in order to avoid influence to budder sprouting and growth,
When scion young sprout grows to 20cm or more, aside insert a branch rod, prevent windbreak, scion grafting when young sprout grows to 30cm or more,
Binder should be released in time, while in 2 after grafting week, avoid irrigation fertilization, it, should be timely when young sprout grows to 10cm or more
Topdressing and watering, attention control pest and disease damage.
(5) comprehensive seedling management：It when seedling is largely unearthed, should check in time, if discovery is short of seedling seriously, answer timely after-culture through urging
The seed or after-culture seedling that bud shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；After the lamina that comes up, fertilizer is imposed in conjunction with irrigation in due course, and carry out weeding；Note
The prevention and treatment of meaning control temperature and humidity and pest and disease damage.
2. a kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that low in the step (1)
The process of warm stratification method is：Seed impregnates 5-6 days (changing water daily) with clear water, and is disappeared with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate
Then poison is sufficiently mixed the ditch for being uniformly put into the wet sand for completing 1 layer of 20cm thickness in advance with clean wet river sand in 1: 2-3 ratio
It is interior, wet sand is covered, earthing, temperature is maintained at 1-7 DEG C in ditch；Spring quick pregermination method process is：Spring is increased to 10 in ground temperature
DEG C or so when, by the seed of storage first use 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soak seed 2 hours, then use 40 DEG C of water seed soaking, naturally
It is impregnated again after cooling 24 hours, pulls seed out and be placed between 2 layers of piece of sack, gunnysack and seed are drenched water, vernalization are carried out, in gunnysack
When appearance meets personally dry, water drenching immediately remains the moisture state of the piece of sack；Water logging solarization germination hastening method process is：Early March,
It is impregnated seed 2 days with clear water, is sufficiently pulled out after water suction, then booth is impregnated, exposure again at a thin layer exposure 1 day in the sun,
It after 7 days, can be sowed after kind of shell cracking, not have continuing with for breach, circulation sowing；Immersion germination hastening method process be：It will choosing
Good seed is impregnated 4-5 days with clear water, is changed daily water 1 time, program request of directly ditching after seed suctions water.
3. a kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is straight in the step (2)
It broadcasts nursery and is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing, sow in spring and sowed after the vernalization of spring in next year for the seed of storage, when program request, make seed flat
It puts, then earthing, thick 3cm, thickness of earth covering wants uniformity, and 50 centimetres of high Small plastic sheds, autumn sowing are after planting set up on bed surface
For that can sow after fruit harvesting shelling, seed is advisable with drilling, and when sowing, seed is laid flat, and is covered with fine earth or thin scorched clay dust,
Thick 3-4cm, upper covering mulch, then Small plastic shed is covered, heat moisturizing.
4. a kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Nutrition in the step (3)
Soil is formulated：1 part of 5 parts of loam, 3 parts of peat soil, perlite or rice husk, 1 part of well-rotted farmyard manure or every cubic metre of formula soil add slow
Release fertile 2kg-3kg；And 70% pentachloronitrobenzene pulvis of the Nutrition Soil prepared and 80% zineb pulvis are mixed with 1: 1 ratio
It is configured to " five generation mixture " to be handled, " the medicine soil " of 30 times of parts is configured to by 60~100 grams every cubic metre, uniformly admixes nutrition
In soil.
5. a kind of apocarya method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Branch in the step (4)
Termination process is：It will be cut at stock from the ground 10cm, and scabble and perpendicular along stock southeastern direction side 1/3-1/4 after clip cut one
Knife, notch are about 3cm-4cm, slightly xylem, and a long bevel and a short bevel are respectively cut in scion lower part two sides makes wedgewise, long
Bevel is slightly longer than stock notch, with scion is inserted into stock notch, so that the long bevel of scion is exposed a little (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally), and make two
Person's forming layer close apposition (such as scion is small, should be aligned with the side forming layer of stock), is tightened from bottom to top with plastic film tape,
Only expose scion main bud；Bud termination process is：The bud tablets of 3cm-4cm long, 0.8cm-1.2cm wide, bud are taken in scion with catling
To be located at the middle of bud tablets, the width identical with bud tablets size length that then smooth place selected to cut on stock with catling
The cortex of 1mm-2mm, and cortex is removed takes and tears 1mm-2mm wide while cortex in suitable order side, is about 2cm's
Bark makees wound mouth, and then bud tablets are attached on stock mouth, and side is close to, and reserves wound mouth, and wrapped up and sealed with thin plastic,
Elastic appropriateness, should not be by wound mouth Bao Yan, and bud is exposed, all need to cut a long 2cm with knife below interface before scion grafting and bud connect,
Wide 2mm notch discharges graft union bleeding sap with the method being completely cured.
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| CN112840938A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-28 | 北京亚林佳农生物科学研究院 | Large-scale rapid breeding method for pecan seedlings |
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| CN112840938A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-28 | 北京亚林佳农生物科学研究院 | Large-scale rapid breeding method for pecan seedlings |
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Application publication date: 20181116 |