CN108787159B - Comprehensive recovery beneficiation method for low-grade uranium-bearing polymetallic ore - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a comprehensive recovery beneficiation method for low-grade uranium-bearing polymetallic ores, which comprises the following steps: (1) sequentially carrying out forward magnetic separation roughing operation and reverse magnetic separation concentration operation on overflow products obtained by grinding uranium-containing polymetallic ores to obtain iron ore concentrates and first tailings; (2) concentrating and floating the tailings to obtain first concentrate and second tailings, concentrating the first concentrate to obtain lead-silver concentrate, and scavenging the second tailings to obtain third tailings; (3) and carrying out flotation roughing and fine selection on the third tailings to obtain uranium niobium rare earth bulk concentrates. The invention has good beneficiation indexes, realizes the purpose of fully recovering and reselecting all useful components in the tailing discarding coarse-grained rough concentrate under the coarse grinding condition, provides a high-efficiency beneficiation separation and enrichment technology for large-scale development and utilization of low-grade complex multi-metal hard rock type uranium ores in China, and greatly reduces the cost of extracting uranium, niobium and rare earth from the subsequent uranium ores by hydrometallurgy.

Description

Comprehensive recovery beneficiation method for low-grade uranium-bearing polymetallic ore

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of uranium ore dressing, relates to a comprehensive recovery and dressing method for low-grade uranium-containing polymetallic ores, and particularly relates to a comprehensive recovery and dressing method for low-grade uranium-containing polymetallic hard rock type uranium ores containing uranium, niobium, lead, silver, iron and rare earth.

Background

The method is characterized in that a certain place in China contains an ultra-large hard rock type uranium deposit which mainly comprises uranium, niobium and lead ores and is accompanied by gold, silver, bismuth, cadmium, barium strontium, rare earth and other mineral products, the method has the characteristics of large scale, multiple ore types, low grade, shallow buried depth and easiness in mining, the uranium-containing ore has more varieties, fine and uneven embedded granularity, and gangue minerals mainly comprise quartz, potash feldspar and calcite. The ore contains 0.014-0.016% of uranium, about 0.7% of lead and about 0.02% of niobium, the lead oxidation rate is about 30%, and the ore has high dressing and smelting difficulty. In China, the mineral separation technology for separately separating magnetite and galena is mature, the magnetite is mainly magnetic separation, the galena is mainly flotation, but the invention patent of the direct flotation technology for high-calcium low-grade uranium-niobium-titanium ore is not reported, and a scientific, economic and technically reasonable comprehensive recovery mineral separation process for all useful components suitable for large-scale production is not available for the low-grade multi-metal uranium ore, so that the uranium ore deposit is in an undeveloped 'dead ore' state for decades.

With the rapid development of nuclear power in China, the demand of uranium ore resources in China is also sharply increased, but because the uranium ore resources in China are not high in overall endowment, the quantity of economically available uranium ore resources is not large, the development demand of a nuclear power station per se cannot be met, most uranium ore resources need to be imported, and the uranium ore pricing right is mastered in a few great countries of uranium resources.

CN 106925433A discloses a polymetallic ore beneficiation process for uranium-titanium-niobium-containing ores, which comprises the steps of grinding and grading the ores, then reselecting, reselecting concentrates, regrinding the reselected concentrates, and then flotating sulphide ores and magnetically separated iron ores to obtain sulphide ore concentrates and iron ore concentrates; and secondly, recovering the uranium-titanium-uranium ore from the uranium-enriched ore slurry subjected to iron removal through flotation, and directly floating the uranium-titanium-uranium ore by adding a high-efficiency collector of the uranium-titanium-uranium ore to obtain uranium concentrate. Although this process provides a multi-metal beneficiation process for uranium-titanium-niobium-containing ores, there are two major problems: (1) the raw ore is directly ground to-0.2 mm and then graded-reselected and discarded, the ore grinding cost is high, and the ore grinding is not necessarily adopted in industry; (2) the process aims at gravity-separation rough concentrates with relatively high uranium grade and low contents of minerals containing calcium and magnesium carbonate, the separation environment is good, but the grade and the carbonate content of the gravity-separation rough concentrates have large influence on the quality of subsequent uranium concentrates, and the process is not necessarily suitable for recovering the niobium-titanium-uranium ores in gravity-separation tailings-discarding rough concentrates under coarse grinding granularity; (3) the patent aims at raw ores with the uranium grade below 0.02%, the recovery rate of the final uranium concentrate is only about 65%, and the enrichment ratio of uranium in the uranium concentrate in the flotation operation is not high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a comprehensive recovery beneficiation method for uranium-bearing polymetallic ores, which aims at solving the problems of high recovery cost, low recovery rate, low concentrate grade and the like in the existing low-grade polymetallic uranium ore recovery method. The comprehensive utilization beneficiation method can obviously expand the available resources of uranium and has extremely important significance for the economic development and national defense construction of China.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a comprehensive recovery beneficiation method for uranium-bearing polymetallic ores, which comprises the following steps:

(1) sequentially carrying out forward magnetic separation roughing operation and reverse magnetic separation concentration operation on overflow products obtained by grinding uranium-containing polymetallic ores to obtain iron ore concentrates and first tailings;

(2) concentrating and floating the tailings obtained in the step (1) to obtain first concentrate and second tailings, concentrating the first concentrate to obtain lead-silver concentrate, and scavenging the second tailings to obtain third tailings;

(3) and (3) carrying out flotation roughing and fine selection on the third tailings obtained in the step (2) to obtain uranium niobium rare earth bulk concentrates.

The terms "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" are used herein only for the sake of naming to distinguish materials, and have no other meaning.

In the invention, the recovery sequence of the metals in the uranium-bearing polymetallic ore has great influence on the grade of the metals in the obtained concentrate and the recovery rate of the metals, and if the recovery sequence of the metals is randomly changed, high-grade concentrate cannot be obtained.

The following technical solutions are preferred technical solutions of the present invention, but not limited to the technical solutions provided by the present invention, and technical objects and advantageous effects of the present invention can be better achieved and achieved by the following technical solutions.

As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, the step (1) further comprises: crushing, screening, size mixing, gravity separation and tailing discarding are carried out on the uranium-containing polymetallic ore to obtain coarse-grained coarse concentrate and fine-grained coarse concentrate, and downstream magnetic separation and roughing operation and countercurrent magnetic separation and concentration operation are carried out on overflow products obtained by grinding the coarse-grained coarse concentrate in sequence.

Preferably, the crushing comprises treatment with any one or at least two of a jaw crusher, a cone crusher or a high pressure roller mill, preferably treatment with a jaw crusher and a cone crusher followed by treatment with a high pressure roller mill.

Preferably, the sieving produces a material having a particle size of less than 4 mm.

Preferably, the content of the material with the-0.074 mm size fraction in the material produced after screening is less than 20 wt%.

Preferably, the concentration of the ore pulp obtained by controlling after size mixing is 20-40 wt%.

Preferably, the tailing discarding yield of the gravity tailing discarding is 45-55%.

Preferably, the mass concentration of the coarse grain and coarse concentrate is 60-80 wt%.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the ore grinding in the step (1) comprises crushing and grading treatment.

Preferably, the crushing is performed using a ball mill.

Preferably, the classification treatment is performed using a spiral classifier.

Preferably, the grinding fineness is 50-60 wt% of the material with-0.074 mm size fraction.

Preferably, the mass concentration of the overflow product obtained by grinding ore is 30 wt% -50 wt%.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the concurrent magnetic separation roughing operation in the step (1) is carried out in a concurrent magnetic roller.

Preferably, the concentrate obtained by the forward magnetic separation roughing operation in the step (1) is subjected to a reverse magnetic separation roughing operation, and the obtained tailings are subjected to the treatment process in the step (2).

Preferably, the surface magnetic field intensity in the forward magnetic separation roughing operation in the step (1) is more than or equal to 300GS, and preferably 900 GS-1200 GS.

Preferably, the countercurrent magnetic separation and concentration operation of the step (1) is carried out in a countercurrent magnetic roller.

Preferably, the countercurrent magnetic separation concentration operation of the step (1) obtains iron ore concentrate.

Preferably, the surface magnetic field intensity in the countercurrent magnetic separation concentration operation in the step (1) is more than or equal to 300GS, and preferably 700 GS-800 GS.

Preferably, the iron grade in the iron concentrate of step (1) is > 65 wt%.

Preferably, the first tailings in the step (1) comprise tailings of a concurrent magnetic separation roughing operation and tailings of a countercurrent magnetic separation concentrating operation.

In the invention, because the operation of the forward magnetic separation roughing operation influences the recovery rate of iron in the iron ore concentrate, the operation of the reverse magnetic separation roughing operation influences the grade of iron in the iron ore concentrate, and the operation of the reverse magnetic separation roughing operation and the magnetic field intensity combined effect influence the grade and the recovery rate of iron in the iron ore concentrate, the overflow product must be subjected to the forward magnetic separation roughing operation and then the reverse magnetic separation roughing operation, otherwise, the high-quality iron ore concentrate with the uranium content not exceeding the standard cannot be obtained.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the concentration treatment in the step (2) comprises a thickener and/or a conical thickener.

Preferably, the concentration of the underflow obtained from the concentration treatment in the step (2) is 35 wt% to 40 wt%.

Preferably, the underflow obtained by concentrating the tailings in the step (2) is mixed with a flotation reagent and then subjected to flotation.

Preferably, the mixing is performed in a mixing tank.

Preferably, the flotation agent comprises a pH modifier, sodium sulfide, a collector, and a frother.

Preferably, the pH adjusting agent comprises sulfuric acid.

Preferably, the collector comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of a xanthate, an etiolate or a nigrican.

Preferably, the foaming agent comprises MIBC and/or BK 204.

Preferably, the addition amount of the pH regulator is 0-1000 g/t, the addition amount of the sodium sulfide is 50-200 g/t, the addition amount of the collector is 50-200 g/t, and the addition amount of the foaming agent is 5-50 g/t.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the first concentrate in the step (2) is subjected to concentration for at least 2 times to obtain lead-silver concentrate.

Preferably, in the step (2), the first concentrate is subjected to first concentration to obtain a second concentrate, the second concentrate is further subjected to concentration to obtain a lead-silver concentrate, and tailings obtained after further concentration are returned to be subjected to first concentration.

Preferably, tailings obtained after the first concentration of the first concentrate and tailings obtained after the scavenging of the second tailings are returned to be subjected to flotation.

Preferably, the lead grade in the lead-silver concentrate obtained in the step (2) is 40-80 wt%, and the silver grade is 300-500 g/t.

Preferably, the lead recovery rate of the lead-silver concentrate obtained in the step (2) is 70-80%, and the silver recovery rate is 40-50%.

Preferably, the mass concentration of the third tailings obtained in the step (2) is 20 wt% to 40 wt%.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the third tailings and the flotation reagent are mixed in the step (3) and then subjected to flotation roughing.

Preferably, the mixing is performed in a mixing tank.

Preferably, the mixing is performed at least twice, preferably three times.

Preferably, the flotation agent comprises a gangue depressant, an activator, a pH adjuster, a collector, and a frother.

Preferably, when mixing is three times, the gangue depressants are added a first time, the activating agents are added a second time, and the pH adjusters, collectors, and frothers are added a third time.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the flotation roughing in the step (3) comprises at least 2 times of flotation roughing.

Preferably, in the step (3), the third tailings are subjected to primary flotation and roughing to obtain fourth tailings, the fourth tailings are subjected to further flotation and roughing, and the concentrate obtained by the further flotation and roughing and the concentrate obtained by the primary flotation and roughing of the third tailings are subjected to subsequent concentration treatment.

Preferably, the fourth tailings are subjected to further flotation roughing to obtain tailings, and concentrate obtained after scavenging is returned to be subjected to first flotation roughing.

Preferably, the fourth tailings are subjected to further flotation and roughing to obtain tailings, and the tailings obtained after scavenging have a uranium grade of 0.004-0.005% and a niobium pentoxide grade of 0.015-0.018%.

Preferably, said concentrating in step (3) comprises at least 2 concentrating.

Preferably, the concentrate obtained by further performing flotation and roughing on the fourth tailings and the concentrate obtained by performing primary flotation and roughing on the third tailings are subjected to primary concentration, and the concentrate obtained after the primary concentration is further subjected to concentration to obtain the uranium-niobium-rare earth mixed concentrate.

Preferably, the concentrate obtained by further performing flotation roughing on the fourth tailings and the concentrate obtained by performing first flotation roughing on the third tailings are subjected to first concentration, the tailings obtained after the first concentration and the tailings obtained after the further concentration are returned to perform flotation roughing, and preferably, the tailings are returned to be mixed with a flotation agent to perform flotation roughing.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the grade of uranium in the uranium niobium rare earth bulk concentrate obtained in the step (3) is 0.5 wt% -1.2 wt%, the grade of niobium pentoxide is 0.6 wt% -1.2 wt%, and the grade of the total amount of rare earth oxides is 1.2 wt% -2.5 wt%.

Preferably, the recovery rate of uranium in the uranium niobium rare earth mixed concentrate obtained in the step (3) is 80-95%, the recovery rate of niobium pentoxide is 80-95%, and the recovery rate of the total amount of rare earth oxides is 65-70%.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing, screening, size mixing, gravity concentration and tailing discarding of uranium-containing polymetallic ores to obtain coarse-grained coarse concentrate and fine-grained coarse concentrate, and sequentially carrying out forward magnetic separation and rough concentration operation and reverse magnetic separation and concentration operation on overflow products obtained by grinding the coarse-grained coarse concentrate to obtain iron concentrate with iron grade larger than 65 wt% and first tailings, wherein the first tailings comprise tailings in the forward magnetic separation and rough concentration operation and tailings in the reverse magnetic separation and concentration operation;

wherein, the crushing comprises the steps of firstly adopting a jaw crusher and a cone crusher to process, and then adopting a high-pressure roller mill to process; screening to produce a material with the grain size of less than 4mm, wherein the content of a-0.074 mm grade material in the screened material is less than 20 wt%; controlling the concentration of the obtained ore pulp to be 20-40 wt% after size mixing; the tailing discarding yield of gravity tailing discarding is 45-55%; the mass concentration of the coarse grain and coarse concentrate is 60-80 wt%;

the ore grinding comprises crushing and grading treatment, wherein the crushing is carried out by adopting a ball mill, the grading treatment is carried out by adopting a spiral classifier, the ore grinding fineness is that the content of a-0.074 mm size fraction material in the material is 50-60 wt%, and the mass concentration of an overflow product obtained by ore grinding is 30-50 wt%;

the downstream magnetic separation roughing operation is carried out in a downstream magnetic roller, and the surface magnetic field intensity is more than or equal to 300 GS;

the countercurrent magnetic separation and concentration operation is carried out in a countercurrent magnetic roller, and the surface magnetic field intensity is more than or equal to 300 GS;

(2) concentrating the tailings obtained in the step (1) by a thickener and/or a conical thickener, mixing underflow with the concentration of 35-40 wt% obtained by concentration treatment and a flotation agent in a stirring barrel, and then carrying out flotation to obtain first concentrate and second tailings, carrying out first concentration on the first concentrate to obtain second concentrate, further carrying out concentration on the second concentrate to obtain lead-silver concentrate, returning the tailings obtained after further concentration to carry out first concentration, scavenging the second tailings to obtain third tailings with the mass concentration of 20-40 wt%, and returning the tailings obtained after the first concentration on the first concentrate and the tailings obtained after scavenging the second tailings to carry out flotation;

wherein the flotation reagent comprises a pH regulator, sodium sulfide, a collecting agent and a foaming agent; the lead grade in the lead-silver concentrate is 40-80 wt%, the silver grade is 300-500 g/t, the lead recovery rate is 70-80%, and the silver recovery rate is 40-50%;

(3) mixing the third tailings obtained in the step (2) with a flotation reagent for three times in a stirring barrel, performing flotation roughing for 2 times, performing primary flotation roughing on the third tailings to obtain fourth tailings, performing further flotation roughing on the fourth tailings, performing scavenging on the tailings obtained by the further flotation roughing to obtain concentrate, returning the concentrate to the primary flotation roughing, performing scavenging on the tailings obtained by the further flotation roughing on the fourth tailings to obtain tailings, wherein the grade of uranium in the tailings is 0.004-0.005%, and the grade of niobium pentoxide is 0.015-0.018%; carrying out flotation roughing on concentrate obtained by further flotation and roughing on the fourth tailings and concentrate obtained by first flotation and roughing on the third tailings for 2 times, further carrying out concentration on the concentrate obtained after the first concentration to obtain uranium-niobium-rare earth mixed concentrate, returning the tailings obtained after the first concentration and the tailings obtained after the further concentration to be mixed with a flotation reagent, and carrying out flotation and roughing;

the flotation reagent comprises a gangue inhibitor, an activating agent, a pH regulator, a collecting agent and a foaming agent, the grade of uranium in the obtained uranium niobium rare earth mixed concentrate is 0.5-1.2 wt%, the grade of niobium pentoxide is 0.6-1.2 wt%, the grade of the total amount of rare earth oxide is 1.2-2.5 wt%, the recovery rate of uranium is 80-95%, the recovery rate of niobium pentoxide is 80-95%, and the recovery rate of the total amount of rare earth oxide is 65-70%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the method adopts a one-stage coarse grinding-two-stage magnetic separation process, namely, the uranium-containing polymetallic ore is firstly ground and then sequentially subjected to downstream magnetic separation rough separation operation and countercurrent magnetic separation fine separation operation, so that the recovery of most of magnetite can be ensured, and the uranium content in the iron ore concentrate is reduced to the maximum extent. In addition, because various useful minerals in the uranium-containing polymetallic ore have uneven embedded granularity, the uranium-niobium-containing rare earth minerals have finer embedded granularity and are easy to argillize, and the proper coarse grinding fineness not only ensures the full dissociation of the uranium-containing mineral aggregate and the rare earth-containing minerals, but also is beneficial to reducing ore grinding energy consumption and improving the quality of the uranium-niobium-rare earth mixed concentrate;

(2) according to the invention, the process of magnetic separation and flotation ore recovery firstly from magnetite and then from lead-silver and uranium-niobium rare earth is adopted, so that not only can the iron, lead and silver contents in uranium concentrate be reduced to the maximum extent, the uranium concentrate quality is improved, but also iron concentrate and lead-silver concentrate are comprehensively recovered; in addition, the consumption of acid in a lead silver flotation system and a uranium niobium rare earth mixed flotation system can be reduced;

(3) the invention develops the direct flotation process flow of uranium-bearing minerals mainly from the niobium-titanium-uranium ores in the high calcium carbonate environment for the first time, conforms to the flotation principle of less flotation and more inhibition, has moderate foam viscosity and less middling return amount, and is easy to regulate and control;

(4) the invention can obtain iron ore concentrate with iron grade of more than 65 percent, so that most of magnetite is recycled; lead grade in the lead-silver concentrate is 40-80 wt%, silver grade is 300-500 g/t, lead recovery rate is about 80%, and silver recovery rate is 40-50%; the uranium-niobium-rare earth bulk concentrate contains 0.5-1.2 wt% of uranium, 0.6-1.2 wt% of niobium pentoxide, 1.2-2.5 wt% of Rare Earth Oxide (REO), 80-95% of uranium recovery rate, 80-95% of niobium pentoxide recovery rate and 65-70% of REO recovery rate, about 90% of calcium-containing minerals are removed, the technical and economic indexes are good, and the production cost of subsequent hydrometallurgy separation of uranium, niobium and rare earth is remarkably reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a comprehensive recovery beneficiation method for uranium-containing polymetallic ores in example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to better illustrate the present invention and facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the claims, which are defined by the claims.

The specific embodiment of the invention provides a comprehensive recovery beneficiation method for uranium-bearing polymetallic ores, which comprises the following steps:

(1) sequentially carrying out forward magnetic separation roughing operation and reverse magnetic separation concentration operation on overflow products obtained by grinding uranium-containing polymetallic ores to obtain iron ore concentrates and first tailings;

(2) concentrating and floating the tailings obtained in the step (1) to obtain first concentrate and second tailings, concentrating the first concentrate to obtain lead-silver concentrate, and scavenging the second tailings to obtain third tailings;

(3) and (3) carrying out flotation roughing and fine selection on the third tailings obtained in the step (2) to obtain uranium niobium rare earth bulk concentrates.

In the invention, the uranium-containing polymetallic ore mainly refers to hard rock type uranium ore containing low-grade uranium, niobium, lead, silver, iron, rare earth polymetallic and the like, wherein the uranium content is about 0.014 wt% -0.016 wt%, the lead content is about 0.7 wt%, the niobium content is about 0.02 wt%, and the lead oxidation rate is about 30%; meanwhile, the uranium-bearing polymetallic ore contains 10-15 wt% of calcium oxide, which mainly exists in the form of calcite, and the content of the calcite is 20-30 wt%, so that the uranium-bearing mineral direct flotation process mainly based on the uranium-titanium-niobium ore in the high calcium carbonate environment is provided.

In the present invention, the concentration and scavenging in step (2) is typically, but not limited to, flotation; the concentration in step (3) is typically, but not limited to, flotation.

The following technical solutions are preferred technical solutions of the present invention, but not limited to the technical solutions provided by the present invention, and technical objects and advantageous effects of the present invention can be better achieved and achieved by the following technical solutions.

As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, the step (1) further comprises: crushing, screening, size mixing, gravity separation and tailing discarding are carried out on the uranium-containing polymetallic ore to obtain coarse-grained coarse concentrate and fine-grained coarse concentrate, and downstream magnetic separation and roughing operation and countercurrent magnetic separation and concentration operation are carried out on overflow products obtained by grinding the coarse-grained coarse concentrate in sequence.

In the invention, the coarse-grained coarse concentrate refers to coarse-grained coarse concentrate obtained by fine crushing, gravity separation and tailing discarding of raw ores, the coarse-grained coarse concentrate contains multiple metals such as uranium, lead, silver, iron, niobium, rare earth and the like, and most useful minerals in uranium-containing multiple metal ores enter the coarse-grained coarse concentrate.

In the invention, the recovery rate is calculated according to coarse-grained and coarse concentrate.

In the present invention, the fine-grained coarse concentrate is subjected to a subsequent separate treatment.

Preferably, the crushing comprises treatment with any one or at least two of a jaw crusher, a cone crusher or a high pressure roller mill, typical but non-limiting examples of said combinations being: the combination of the jaw crusher and the cone crusher, the combination of the cone crusher and the high-pressure roller mill, the combination of the jaw crusher, the cone crusher and the high-pressure roller mill, and the like are preferably treated by the jaw crusher and the cone crusher first and then treated by the high-pressure roller mill.

Preferably, the sieving yields a material with a particle size of less than 4mm, for example, the particle size may be less than 4mm, 3.8m, 3.6mm, 3.4mm, 3.2mm, 3mm or 2.5mm, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in this range are equally applicable.

Preferably, the screened material has a-0.074 mm fraction of material content of < 20 wt%, such as 18 wt%, 16 wt%, 14 wt%, 12 wt%, 10 wt%, 8 wt% or 6 wt%, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range are equally applicable.

Preferably, the concentration of the pulp obtained by the control after the size mixing is 20 wt% to 40 wt%, such as 20 wt%, 23 wt%, 25 wt%, 27 wt%, 30 wt%, 33 wt%, 35 wt%, 37 wt% or 40 wt%, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.

Preferably, the tailing rate of the gravity tailing is 45% to 55%, such as 45%, 47%, 50%, 53%, or 55%, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are equally applicable.

Preferably, the mass concentration of the coarse concentrate is 60 wt% to 80 wt%, such as 60 wt%, 63 wt%, 65 wt%, 67 wt%, 70 wt%, 73 wt%, 75 wt%, 77 wt% or 80 wt%, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in this range are also applicable.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the ore grinding in the step (1) comprises crushing and grading treatment.

Preferably, the crushing is performed using a ball mill.

Preferably, the classification treatment is performed using a spiral classifier.

Preferably, the grinding fineness is 50 wt% to 60 wt% of the material in the-0.074 mm fraction, such as 50 wt%, 53 wt%, 55 wt%, 57 wt% or 60 wt%, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in this range are also applicable.

Preferably, the mass concentration of the overflow product from the grinding is 30 wt% to 50 wt%, such as 30 wt%, 33 wt%, 35 wt%, 37 wt%, 40 wt%, 43 wt%, 45 wt%, 47 wt% or 50 wt%, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the concurrent magnetic separation roughing operation in the step (1) is carried out in a concurrent magnetic roller.

Preferably, the concentrate obtained by the forward magnetic separation roughing operation in the step (1) is subjected to a reverse magnetic separation roughing operation, and the obtained tailings are subjected to the treatment process in the step (2).

Preferably, the surface magnetic field strength in the forward magnetic separation roughing operation in the step (1) is equal to or more than 300GS, for example, 900GS, 950GS, 1000GS, 1050GS, 1100GS, 1150GS, 1200GS, 1500GS, 2000GS, 2500GS, etc., but the surface magnetic field strength is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the numerical range are also applicable, preferably 900GS to 1200 GS.

Preferably, the countercurrent magnetic separation and concentration operation of the step (1) is carried out in a countercurrent magnetic roller.

Preferably, the countercurrent magnetic separation concentration operation of the step (1) obtains iron ore concentrate.

Preferably, the magnetic field strength in the countercurrent magnetic separation concentration operation in the step (1) is equal to or more than 300GS, such as 700GS, 710GS, 720GS, 730GS, 740GS, 750GS, 760GS, 780GS, 790GS, 800GS, 1000GS, 1050GS, 1100GS, 1150GS, 1200GS, 1500GS, 2000GS, or 2500GS, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of values are equally applicable, preferably 700GS to 800 GS.

Preferably, the iron grade in the iron concentrate of step (1) is > 65 wt%, such as 66 wt%, 68 wt% or 70 wt%, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in this range are equally applicable.

Preferably, the first tailings in the step (1) comprise tailings of a concurrent magnetic separation roughing operation and tailings of a countercurrent magnetic separation concentrating operation.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the concentration treatment in the step (2) comprises the step of using a thickener and/or a conical thickener, but the method is not limited to the listed devices.

Preferably, the concentration of the underflow from the concentration treatment in step (2) is 35 wt% to 40 wt%, such as 35 wt%, 36 wt%, 37 wt%, 38 wt%, 39 wt% or 40 wt%, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in this range are equally applicable.

In the invention, the tailings are concentrated to obtain water and underflow, and the underflow is the concentrated material.

Preferably, the underflow obtained by concentrating the tailings in the step (2) is mixed with a flotation reagent and then subjected to flotation.

Preferably, the mixing is performed in a mixing tank.

Preferably, the flotation agent comprises a pH modifier, sodium sulfide, a collector, and a frother.

Preferably, the pH adjusting agent comprises sulfuric acid.

Preferably, the collector comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of a xanthate, an etiolate or a nigrican.

Preferably, the blowing agent comprises MIBC and/or BK204, the MIBC being methyl isobutyl carbinol.

Preferably, the pH regulator is added in an amount of 0 to 1000g/t, such as 10g/t, 50g/t, 100g/t, 300g/t, 500g/t, 700g/t, or 1000g/t, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are also applicable; the amount of sodium sulfide is 50g/t to 200g/t, for example 50g/t, 70g/t, 100g/t, 130g/t, 150g/t, 170g/t or 200g/t, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are also applicable; the addition amount of the collecting agent is 50g/t to 200g/t, such as 50g/t, 70g/t, 100g/t, 130g/t, 150g/t, 170g/t or 200g/t, and the like, but the collecting agent is not limited to the enumerated values, and other non-enumerated values in the numerical range are also applicable; the amount of the blowing agent added is 5g/t to 50g/t, for example, 5g/t, 10g/t, 20g/t, 30g/t, 40g/t or 50g/t, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first concentrate in step (2) is concentrated at least 2 times to obtain the lead-silver concentrate, for example, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times or 6 times, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the recited values are also applicable.

Preferably, in the step (2), the first concentrate is subjected to first concentration to obtain a second concentrate, the second concentrate is further subjected to concentration to obtain a lead-silver concentrate, and tailings obtained after further concentration are returned to be subjected to first concentration. Wherein the further concentration is not limited to the first concentration.

Preferably, tailings obtained after the first concentration of the first concentrate and tailings obtained after the scavenging of the second tailings are returned to be subjected to flotation.

Preferably, the lead grade in the lead-silver concentrate obtained in step (2) is 40 wt% to 80 wt%, for example 40 wt%, 42 wt%, 44 wt%, 46 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 70 wt% or 75 wt%, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the recited values are also applicable; the silver grade is 300g/t to 500g/t, for example 300g/t, 330g/t, 350g/t, 370g/t, 400g/t, 430g/t, 450g/t, 470g/t or 500g/t, etc., but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.

Preferably, the lead recovery rate of the lead-silver concentrate obtained in step (2) is 70% to 80%, for example 70%, 72%, 74%, 76%, 78% or 80%, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the recited values are also applicable; the silver recovery rate is 40% to 50%, for example 40%, 42%, 44%, 46%, 48%, or 50%, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are also applicable.

Preferably, the mass concentration of the third tailings obtained in the step (2) is 20 wt% to 40 wt%, such as 20 wt%, 23 wt%, 25 wt%, 27 wt%, 30 wt%, 33 wt%, 35 wt%, 37 wt% or 40 wt%, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the third tailings and the flotation reagent are mixed in the step (3) and then subjected to flotation roughing.

Preferably, the mixing is performed in a mixing tank.

Preferably, the mixing is performed at least twice, preferably three times, as long as the tailings and the agent are mixed uniformly.

Preferably, the flotation agent comprises a gangue depressant, an activator, a pH adjuster, a collector, and a frother.

Preferably, when mixing is three times, the gangue depressants are added a first time, the activating agents are added a second time, and the pH adjusters, collectors, and frothers are added a third time.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flotation rougher flotation in the step (3) includes at least 2 flotation roughers, for example, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times or 5 times, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.

Preferably, in the step (3), the third tailings are subjected to primary flotation and roughing to obtain fourth tailings, the fourth tailings are subjected to further flotation and roughing, and the concentrate obtained by the further flotation and roughing and the concentrate obtained by the primary flotation and roughing of the third tailings are subjected to subsequent concentration treatment. The further flotation roughing is not limited to the primary flotation roughing.

Preferably, the fourth tailings are subjected to further flotation roughing to obtain tailings, and concentrate obtained after scavenging is returned to be subjected to first flotation roughing.

Preferably, the grade of uranium in the tailings obtained by scavenging the tailings obtained by performing further flotation and roughing on the fourth tailings is 0.004% to 0.005%, such as 0.004%, 0.0042%, 0.0044%, 0.0046%, 0.0048%, or 0.005%, but not limited to the enumerated values, and other non-enumerated values in the numerical value range are also applicable; the grade of niobium pentoxide is 0.015% to 0.018%, for example, 0.015%, 0.016%, 0.017%, or 0.018%, but the grade is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned numerical range are also applicable.

Preferably, said concentration in step (3) comprises at least 2 concentrations, such as 2, 3, 4 or 5, etc., but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are equally applicable.

Preferably, the concentrate obtained by further performing flotation and roughing on the fourth tailings and the concentrate obtained by performing primary flotation and roughing on the third tailings are subjected to primary concentration, and the concentrate obtained after the primary concentration is further subjected to concentration to obtain the uranium-niobium-rare earth mixed concentrate. Wherein the further concentration is not limited to the first concentration.

Preferably, the concentrate obtained by further performing flotation roughing on the fourth tailings and the concentrate obtained by performing first flotation roughing on the third tailings are subjected to first concentration, the tailings obtained after the first concentration and the tailings obtained after the further concentration are returned to perform flotation roughing, and preferably, the tailings are returned to be mixed with a flotation agent to perform flotation roughing.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grade of uranium in the uranium-niobium-rare earth bulk concentrate obtained in step (3) is 0.5 wt% to 1.2 wt%, for example, 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.1 wt%, or 1.2 wt%, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the recited values are also applicable; niobium pentoxide grade of 0.6 to 1.2 wt%, for example 0.6 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 1.0 wt%, or 1.1 wt%, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are also applicable; the total amount of rare earth oxides is 1.2 wt% to 2.5 wt%, for example 1.2 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1.8 wt%, or 2.5 wt%, etc., but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are also applicable.

Preferably, the uranium recovery rate of the uranium niobium rare earth bulk concentrate obtained in the step (3) is 80% to 95%, for example 80%, 83%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 93% or 95%, and the like, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the recited values are also applicable; the recovery of niobium pentoxide is 80% to 95%, for example 80%, 83%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 93% or 95%, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are also applicable; the recovery rate of the total amount of rare earth oxides is 65% to 70%, for example, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, or 70%, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the recited values are also applicable.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing, screening, size mixing, gravity concentration and tailing discarding of uranium-containing polymetallic ores to obtain coarse-grained coarse concentrate and fine-grained coarse concentrate, and sequentially carrying out forward magnetic separation and rough concentration operation and reverse magnetic separation and concentration operation on overflow products obtained by grinding the coarse-grained coarse concentrate to obtain iron concentrate with iron grade larger than 65 wt% and first tailings, wherein the first tailings comprise tailings in the forward magnetic separation and rough concentration operation and tailings in the reverse magnetic separation and concentration operation;

wherein, the crushing comprises the steps of firstly adopting a jaw crusher and a cone crusher to process, and then adopting a high-pressure roller mill to process; screening to produce a material with the grain size of less than 4mm, wherein the content of a-0.074 mm grade material in the screened material is less than 20 wt%; controlling the concentration of the obtained ore pulp to be 20-40 wt% after size mixing; the tailing discarding yield of gravity tailing discarding is 45-55%; the mass concentration of the coarse grain and coarse concentrate is 60-80 wt%;

the ore grinding comprises crushing and grading treatment, wherein the crushing is carried out by adopting a ball mill, the grading treatment is carried out by adopting a spiral classifier, the ore grinding fineness is that the content of a-0.074 mm size fraction material in the material is 50-60 wt%, and the mass concentration of an overflow product obtained by ore grinding is 30-50 wt%;

the downstream magnetic separation roughing operation is carried out in a downstream magnetic roller, and the surface magnetic field intensity is more than or equal to 300 GS;

the countercurrent magnetic separation and concentration operation is carried out in a countercurrent magnetic roller, and the surface magnetic field intensity is more than or equal to 300 GS;

(2) concentrating the tailings obtained in the step (1) by a thickener and/or a conical thickener, mixing underflow with the concentration of 35-40 wt% obtained by concentration treatment and a flotation agent in a stirring barrel, and then carrying out flotation to obtain first concentrate and second tailings, carrying out first concentration on the first concentrate to obtain second concentrate, further carrying out concentration on the second concentrate to obtain lead-silver concentrate, returning the tailings obtained after further concentration to carry out first concentration, scavenging the second tailings to obtain third tailings with the mass concentration of 20-40 wt%, and returning the tailings obtained after the first concentration on the first concentrate and the tailings obtained after scavenging the second tailings to carry out flotation;

wherein the flotation reagent comprises a pH regulator, sodium sulfide, a collecting agent and a foaming agent; the lead grade in the lead-silver concentrate is 40-80 wt%, the silver grade is 300-500 g/t, the lead recovery rate is 70-80%, and the silver recovery rate is 40-50%;

(3) mixing the third tailings obtained in the step (2) with a flotation reagent for three times in a stirring barrel, performing flotation roughing for 2 times, performing primary flotation roughing on the third tailings to obtain fourth tailings, performing further flotation roughing on the fourth tailings, performing scavenging on the tailings obtained by the further flotation roughing to obtain concentrate, returning the concentrate to the primary flotation roughing, performing scavenging on the tailings obtained by the further flotation roughing on the fourth tailings to obtain tailings, wherein the grade of uranium in the tailings is 0.004-0.005%, and the grade of niobium pentoxide is 0.015-0.018%; carrying out flotation roughing on concentrate obtained by further flotation and roughing on the fourth tailings and concentrate obtained by first flotation and roughing on the third tailings for 2 times, further carrying out concentration on the concentrate obtained after the first concentration to obtain uranium-niobium-rare earth mixed concentrate, returning the tailings obtained after the first concentration and the tailings obtained after the further concentration to be mixed with a flotation reagent, and carrying out flotation and roughing;

the flotation reagent comprises a gangue inhibitor, an activating agent, a pH regulator, a collecting agent and a foaming agent, the grade of uranium in the obtained uranium niobium rare earth mixed concentrate is 0.5-1.2 wt%, the grade of niobium pentoxide is 0.6-1.2 wt%, the grade of the total amount of rare earth oxide is 1.2-2.5 wt%, the recovery rate of uranium is 80-95%, the recovery rate of niobium pentoxide is 80-95%, and the recovery rate of the total amount of rare earth oxide is 65-70%.

The following are typical but non-limiting examples of the invention:

example 1:

the embodiment provides a comprehensive recovery beneficiation method for uranium-containing polymetallic ore, which belongs to an ultra-large hard rock type uranium ore deposit which mainly contains uranium, niobium and lead and is accompanied by gold, silver, bismuth, cadmium, barium, strontium, rare earth and other mineral products, and has the characteristics of large scale, multiple ore types, low grade, shallow burying depth and easy mining. Most of niobium and uranium in the ore are symbiotic in the uranium-titanium-niobium ore, most of uranium-containing minerals are combined closely, lead is mainly produced by galena, a small part of lead is produced by galena, and rare earth minerals are mainly limonite.

As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the steps of:

(1) crushing raw ore by a jaw crusher and a cone crusher in sequence, feeding the crushed raw ore into a high-pressure roller mill and a vibrating screen to perform a closed flow to obtain a material with an undersize product of-3 mm qualified granularity, and performing gravity separation on the material after size mixing to perform pre-tailing discarding to obtain coarse-grained coarse concentrate, wherein the tailing discarding yield is 50%;

feeding the obtained coarse-grained and coarse concentrate into a ball mill and a spiral classifier for closed circuit grinding, and controlling the overflow concentration to be 40 wt% and the grinding fineness to be-0.074 mm, wherein the fraction accounts for 55%; feeding the overflow product into a forward flow type magnetic roller for low-intensity magnetic separation roughing, wherein the roughing magnetic field intensity is 1200GS, feeding the low-intensity magnetic separation roughing concentrate into a reverse flow type magnetic roller for low-intensity magnetic separation roughing, wherein the concentration magnetic field intensity is 800GS, obtaining iron concentrate with iron grade of 67% and first tailings, recycling most of magnetite, and the first tailings comprise low-intensity magnetic separation roughing tailings and low-intensity magnetic separation concentrating tailings;

(2) feeding the first tailings obtained in the step (1) into a thickener for thickening, controlling the concentration of the thickened underflow to be about 35 wt%, feeding the thickened underflow serving as lead-silver flotation feed into a stirring barrel, adding sulfuric acid to control the pH value of ore pulp to be about 7, adding sodium sulfide, xanthate and MIBC, feeding the mixture into a flotation machine for lead-silver direct flotation after the agent and the ore pulp fully act, performing flotation to obtain first concentrate and second tailings, performing first concentration on the first concentrate to obtain second concentrate, performing further concentration on the second concentrate to obtain lead-silver concentrate, returning the tailings obtained after the further concentration to perform first concentration, performing scavenging on the second tailings to obtain third tailings, and returning the tailings obtained after the first concentration and the tailings obtained after the scavenging on the second tailings to perform flotation; the lead grade in the obtained lead-silver concentrate is 55 wt%, the silver grade is 430g/t, the lead recovery rate is 78%, and the silver recovery rate is 50%;

(3) feeding the third tailings obtained in the step (2) into three stirring barrels, sequentially adding gangue inhibitors CY-T and CY-C, activators CY-L, pH regulator-sulfuric acid, collectors CB and foaming agents BK201, feeding the third tailings into a flotation machine for uranium-niobium-rare earth mixed direct flotation after the agents and the ore pulp fully act, performing flotation roughing for 2 times, obtaining fourth tailings after the third tailings are subjected to primary flotation roughing, performing further flotation roughing on the fourth tailings, and returning concentrates obtained after the tailings obtained by further flotation roughing are subjected to primary flotation roughing; carrying out flotation roughing on concentrate obtained by further flotation and roughing on the fourth tailings and concentrate obtained by first flotation and roughing on the third tailings for 2 times, further carrying out concentration on the concentrate obtained after the first concentration to obtain uranium-niobium-rare earth mixed concentrate, returning the tailings obtained after the first concentration and the tailings obtained after the further concentration to be mixed with a flotation reagent, and carrying out flotation and roughing;

the grade of uranium is 0.5561 wt%, the grade of niobium pentoxide is 0.6845 wt%, the grade of total Rare Earth Oxide (REO) is 1.2564 wt%, the recovery rate of uranium is 88.5%, the recovery rate of niobium pentoxide is 90%, the recovery rate of REO is 67%, and 91% of calcium-containing minerals are removed from the obtained uranium-niobium-rare earth bulk concentrate.

Example 2:

the embodiment provides a comprehensive recovery beneficiation method for uranium-containing polymetallic ores, the uranium-containing polymetallic ores are uranium-containing polymetallic ores, rare earth and iron-containing polymetallic ores in a certain area, ore-containing vein rocks are mainly granite veins, uranium-containing minerals in ore bodies are mainly niobiuretite, next crystalline uranium ores and limonitic niobium ores, the uranium-containing minerals are not uniformly distributed and are in dip-dyed distribution, the granularity is fine, most uranium-containing minerals are closely symbiotic to form an aggregate, rare earth minerals are mainly existing in monazite, iron mainly exists in the form of magnetite, lead mainly exists in the form of galena, next galena, and the relationship between silver and the galena is close.

The method comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing raw ore by a jaw crusher and a cone crusher in sequence, feeding the crushed raw ore into a high-pressure roller mill and a vibrating screen to perform a closed flow to obtain a material with an undersize product of-3.8 mm qualified granularity, and performing gravity separation on the material after size mixing to perform pre-tailing discarding to obtain coarse-grained coarse concentrate with the tailing discarding yield of 55%;

feeding the obtained coarse-grained and coarse concentrate into a ball mill and a spiral classifier for closed circuit grinding, and controlling the overflow concentration to be 40 wt% and the grinding fineness to be-0.074 mm, wherein the grain fraction accounts for 50%; feeding the overflow product into a forward flow type magnetic roller for low-intensity magnetic separation roughing, wherein the roughing magnetic field intensity is 1200GS, feeding the low-intensity magnetic separation roughing concentrate into a reverse flow type magnetic roller for low-intensity magnetic separation roughing, wherein the concentration magnetic field intensity is 800GS, obtaining iron concentrate with 65% of iron grade and first tailings, recycling most of magnetite, and the first tailings comprise low-intensity magnetic separation roughing tailings and low-intensity magnetic separation concentrating tailings;

(2) feeding the first tailings obtained in the step (1) into a thickener for thickening, controlling the concentration of the thickened underflow to be about 35 wt%, feeding the thickened underflow serving as lead-silver flotation feed into a stirring barrel, adding sulfuric acid to control the pH value of ore pulp to be about 6-7, adding sodium sulfide, xanthate and BK204, feeding the concentrated underflow serving as a medicament and the ore pulp into a flotation machine for lead-silver direct flotation to obtain first concentrate and second tailings after full action, carrying out first concentration on the first concentrate to obtain second concentrate, carrying out further concentration on the second concentrate to obtain lead-silver concentrate, returning the tailings obtained after further concentration to carry out first concentration, carrying out scavenging on the second tailings to obtain third tailings, and returning the tailings obtained after the first concentration on the first concentrate and the tailings obtained after scavenging on the second tailings to carry out flotation; the lead grade in the obtained lead-silver concentrate is 50 wt%, the silver grade is 350g/t, the lead recovery rate is 75%, and the silver recovery rate is 45%;

(3) feeding the third tailings obtained in the step (2) into three stirring barrels, sequentially adding gangue inhibitors CY-T and CY-C, activators CY-L, pH regulator-sulfuric acid, collectors CB and foaming agents BK201, feeding the third tailings into a flotation machine for uranium-niobium-rare earth mixed direct flotation after the agents and the ore pulp fully act, performing flotation roughing for 2 times, obtaining fourth tailings after the third tailings are subjected to primary flotation roughing, performing further flotation roughing on the fourth tailings, and returning concentrates obtained after the tailings obtained by further flotation roughing are subjected to primary flotation roughing; carrying out flotation roughing on concentrate obtained by further flotation and roughing on the fourth tailings and concentrate obtained by first flotation and roughing on the third tailings for 2 times, further carrying out concentration on the concentrate obtained after the first concentration to obtain uranium-niobium-rare earth mixed concentrate, returning the tailings obtained after the first concentration and the tailings obtained after the further concentration to be mixed with a flotation reagent, and carrying out flotation and roughing;

the uranium grade in the obtained uranium niobium rare earth bulk concentrate is 0.5521 wt%, the niobium pentoxide grade is 0.6456 wt%, the total amount of Rare Earth Oxide (REO) grade is 1.21 wt%, the uranium recovery rate is 89.5%, the niobium pentoxide recovery rate is 91%, the REO recovery rate is 72%, and 88% of calcium-containing minerals are removed.

Example 3:

the embodiment provides a comprehensive recovery beneficiation method for uranium-containing polymetallic ores, wherein the uranium-containing polymetallic ores are uranium-containing, thorium-containing, niobium-containing and rare earth polymetallic ores in a certain place, ore-containing vein rocks are mainly mixed pegmatite veins, the uranium content in an ore body is greatly changed, the particle size distribution is uneven and is in dip-dyed distribution, 60% of uranium-containing minerals are concentrated in a +0.074mm particle size fraction, the uranium-containing minerals comprise uranium-titanium-uranium ores, amethyrite and uranium-thorium ores, the niobium-containing minerals are mainly distributed in the uranium-titanium-uranium ores and then are distributed in yttrium-brown ores and niobium-rutile ores, the rare earth minerals are mainly limonite and are mostly monazite. The lead minerals are mainly galena, the iron-containing minerals are mainly magnetite, and then pyrite and limonite are used, the galena, the magnetite and the limonite have thicker embedded granularity, the uranium-niobium-containing minerals are thinner, and the rare earth minerals are finest.

The method comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing raw ores by using a jaw crusher and a cone crusher in sequence, feeding the crushed raw ores into a high-pressure roller mill and a vibrating screen to perform a closed-loop process to obtain a material with a qualified granularity of-3 mm, wherein the content of the-0.074 mm fraction in the material is about 15%, mixing the material, controlling the feeding concentration to be 25%, performing gravity separation, and performing pre-tailing discarding to obtain coarse-grained coarse concentrate, wherein the tailing discarding yield is 50%;

feeding the obtained coarse-grained and coarse concentrate into a ball mill and a spiral classifier for closed circuit grinding, and controlling the overflow concentration to be 40 wt% and the grinding fineness to be-0.074 mm, wherein the fraction accounts for 55%; feeding the overflow product into a forward flow type magnetic roller for low-intensity magnetic separation roughing, wherein the roughing magnetic field intensity is 940GS, feeding the low-intensity magnetic separation roughing concentrate into a reverse flow type magnetic roller for low-intensity magnetic separation concentrating, the concentrating magnetic field intensity is 700GS, obtaining iron concentrate with 66.5% of iron grade and first tailings, recycling most of magnetite, and the first tailings comprise low-intensity magnetic separation roughing tailings and low-intensity magnetic separation concentrating tailings;

(2) feeding the first tailings obtained in the step (1) into a thickener for thickening, controlling the concentration of the thickened underflow to be about 38 wt%, feeding the thickened underflow serving as lead-silver flotation feed into a stirring barrel, adding sulfuric acid to control the pH value of ore pulp to be about 6.5, adding sodium sulfide, butyl xanthate, ethyl xanthate and MIBC, feeding the mixture into the flotation machine for lead-silver direct flotation after the agent and the ore pulp fully act, performing flotation to obtain first concentrate and second tailings, performing first concentration on the first concentrate to obtain second concentrate, performing further concentration on the second concentrate to obtain lead-silver concentrate, returning the tailings obtained after further concentration to perform first concentration, performing scavenging on the second tailings to obtain third tailings, and returning the tailings obtained after the first concentration on the first concentrate and the tailings obtained after scavenging on the second tailings to perform flotation; the lead grade in the obtained lead-silver concentrate is 53 wt%, the silver grade is 420g/t, the lead recovery rate is 78 wt%, and the silver recovery rate is 51%;

(3) feeding the third tailings obtained in the step (2) into three stirring barrels, sequentially adding gangue inhibitors CY-T and CY-C, activators CY-L, pH regulator-sulfuric acid, collectors CB and foaming agents BK201, feeding the third tailings into a flotation machine for uranium-niobium-rare earth mixed direct flotation after the agents and the ore pulp fully act, performing flotation roughing for 2 times, obtaining fourth tailings after the third tailings are subjected to primary flotation roughing, performing further flotation roughing on the fourth tailings, and returning concentrates obtained after the tailings obtained by further flotation roughing are subjected to primary flotation roughing; carrying out flotation roughing on concentrate obtained by further flotation and roughing on the fourth tailings and concentrate obtained by first flotation and roughing on the third tailings for 2 times, further carrying out concentration on the concentrate obtained after the first concentration to obtain uranium-niobium-rare earth mixed concentrate, returning the tailings obtained after the first concentration and the tailings obtained after the further concentration to be mixed with a flotation reagent, and carrying out flotation and roughing;

the uranium-niobium-rare earth bulk concentrate obtained by the method has the advantages that the uranium grade is 0.5235 wt%, the niobium pentoxide grade is 0.6561 wt%, the total Rare Earth Oxide (REO) grade is 1.23 wt%, the uranium recovery rate is 90.5%, the niobium pentoxide recovery rate is 90%, the REO recovery rate is 65%, and 90% of calcium-containing minerals are removed.

Example 4:

the present example provides a method for comprehensive recovery beneficiation of uranium-bearing polymetallic ores, which is as described in example 1, and differs only in that: in the step (1), the magnetic field intensity of rough concentration is 900GS, and the magnetic field intensity of fine concentration is 750 GS.

The iron grade and the iron recovery rate of the iron concentrate obtained by the treatment of the embodiment are close to those of the embodiment 1.

Comparative example 1:

the present comparative example provides a process for the comprehensive recovery beneficiation of uranium containing polymetallic ores, which is referred to the process of example 1, with the only difference that: and (2) performing forward-flow magnetic separation rough separation and forward-flow magnetic separation fine separation in the step (1), namely performing forward-flow magnetic separation in both the two times.

In the comparative example, because the two magnetic separations are concurrent magnetic separations, the iron grade of the iron ore concentrate is reduced to be below 65%, the uranium content of the iron ore concentrate reaches 50g/t, and the uranium content of the iron ore concentrate exceeds the standard.

Comparative example 2:

the present comparative example provides a process for the comprehensive recovery beneficiation of uranium containing polymetallic ores, which is referred to the process of example 1, with the only difference that: and (2) performing countercurrent magnetic separation rough concentration and countercurrent magnetic separation fine concentration in the step (1), namely, performing countercurrent magnetic separation in both the two times.

In the comparative example, because the two magnetic separations are both countercurrent magnetic separations, the recovery rate of the magnetic iron in the iron ore concentrate is reduced from 98% to 80%.

Comparative example 3:

the present comparative example provides a process for the comprehensive recovery beneficiation of uranium containing polymetallic ores, which is referred to the process of example 1, with the only difference that: and (3) firstly recovering uranium niobium ores and then recovering lead silver ores from the first tailings subjected to magnetic separation twice, namely, exchanging the sequence of the step (2) and the step (3).

According to the comparative example, because the uranium niobium ore is recycled firstly and then the lead silver ore is recycled, most of lead and silver can enter the uranium niobium rare earth mixed concentrate, and the lead and silver can not be comprehensively recycled fully. The operation recovery rate of lead in the lead-silver concentrate is only 20%, and the uranium grade of the uranium-niobium-rare earth mixed concentrate is reduced to be below 0.3%.

The embodiment and the comparative example are combined to show that the invention can obtain the iron ore concentrate with the iron grade of more than 65 percent, and most of magnetite is recycled; lead grade in the lead-silver concentrate is 40-80 wt%, silver grade is 300-500 g/t, lead recovery rate is about 80%, and silver recovery rate is 40-50%; the uranium-niobium-rare earth bulk concentrate contains 0.5-1.2 wt% of uranium, 0.6-1.2 wt% of niobium pentoxide, 1.2-1.5 wt% of Rare Earth Oxide (REO), about 90% of uranium recovery rate, about 90% of niobium pentoxide recovery rate and 65-70% of REO recovery rate, about 90% of calcium-containing minerals are removed, technical and economic indexes are good, and the production cost of subsequent uranium, niobium and rare earth hydrometallurgy separation is remarkably reduced.

The applicant indicates that the present invention is illustrated in detail by the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed application, that is, the present invention is not meant to be necessarily dependent on the above detailed method. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modifications to the invention, equivalent alterations to the starting materials for the products of the invention, and additions of auxiliary components, specific operating conditions and modes of choice, etc., are deemed to be within the scope and disclosure of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. The comprehensive recovery beneficiation method for the uranium-bearing polymetallic ore is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) crushing, screening, size mixing, gravity concentration and tailing discarding of uranium-containing polymetallic ores to obtain coarse-grained coarse concentrate and fine-grained coarse concentrate, and sequentially carrying out forward magnetic separation and rough concentration operation and reverse magnetic separation and concentration operation on overflow products obtained by grinding the coarse-grained coarse concentrate to obtain iron concentrate with iron grade larger than 65 wt% and first tailings, wherein the first tailings comprise tailings in the forward magnetic separation and rough concentration operation and tailings in the reverse magnetic separation and concentration operation;

wherein, the crushing comprises the steps of firstly adopting a jaw crusher and a cone crusher to process, and then adopting a high-pressure roller mill to process; screening to produce a material with the grain size of less than 4mm, wherein the content of a-0.074 mm grade material in the screened material is less than 20 wt%; controlling the concentration of the obtained ore pulp to be 20-40 wt% after size mixing; the tailing discarding yield of gravity tailing discarding is 45-55%; the mass concentration of the coarse grain and coarse concentrate is 60-80 wt%;

the ore grinding comprises crushing by a ball mill and grading by a spiral classifier, the grinding fineness is that the content of-0.074 mm size fraction materials in the materials is 50-60 wt%, and the mass concentration of overflow products obtained by ore grinding is 30-50 wt%;

the downstream magnetic separation roughing operation is carried out in a downstream magnetic roller, and the surface magnetic field intensity is more than or equal to 300 GS;

the countercurrent magnetic separation and concentration operation is carried out in a countercurrent magnetic roller, and the surface magnetic field intensity is more than or equal to 300 GS;

(2) concentrating the first tailings obtained in the step (1) by a thickener and/or a conical thickening hopper, mixing underflow with the concentration of 35-40 wt% obtained by concentration treatment and a first flotation agent in a stirring barrel, performing flotation to obtain first concentrate and second tailings, performing first concentration on the first concentrate to obtain second concentrate, performing further concentration on the second concentrate to obtain lead-silver concentrate, returning the tailings obtained after further concentration to perform first concentration, scavenging the second tailings to obtain third tailings with the mass concentration of 20-40 wt%, and returning the tailings obtained after first concentration on the first concentrate and the concentrate obtained after scavenging the second tailings to perform flotation;

wherein the first flotation reagent comprises a pH regulator, sodium sulfide, a first collector and a first foaming agent; the lead grade in the lead-silver concentrate is 40-80 wt%, the silver grade is 300-500 g/t, the lead recovery rate is 70-80%, and the silver recovery rate is 40-50%;

(3) mixing the third tailings obtained in the step (2) with a second flotation agent for three times in a stirring barrel, and then carrying out flotation roughing for 2 times, wherein the third tailings are subjected to primary flotation roughing to obtain fourth tailings, the fourth tailings are further subjected to further flotation roughing, concentrate obtained by scavenging the tailings obtained by further flotation roughing is returned to be subjected to primary flotation roughing, the tailings obtained by further flotation roughing of the fourth tailings are subjected to scavenging, the uranium grade in the tailings is 0.004% -0.005%, and the niobium pentoxide grade is 0.015% -0.018%; carrying out further flotation and roughing on the fourth tailings to obtain concentrate, carrying out primary flotation and roughing on the concentrate and the concentrate obtained by carrying out primary flotation and roughing on the third tailings for 2 times, carrying out further concentration on the concentrate obtained after the primary concentration to obtain uranium-niobium-rare earth mixed concentrate, returning the tailings obtained after the primary concentration and the tailings obtained after the further concentration to be mixed with a second flotation agent, and carrying out primary flotation and roughing;

the second flotation reagent comprises a gangue inhibitor, an activating agent, a pH regulator, a second collecting agent and a second foaming agent, the grade of uranium in the obtained uranium niobium rare earth mixed concentrate is 0.5-1.2 wt%, the grade of niobium pentoxide is 0.6-1.2 wt%, the grade of the total amount of rare earth oxide is 1.2-2.5 wt%, the recovery rate of uranium is 80-95%, the recovery rate of niobium pentoxide is 80-95%, and the recovery rate of the total amount of rare earth oxide is 65-70%.

2. The comprehensive recovery beneficiation method according to claim 1, wherein the surface magnetic field strength in the forward magnetic separation roughing operation of the step (1) is 900 GS-1200 GS.

3. The comprehensive recovery beneficiation method according to claim 1, wherein the surface magnetic field strength in the countercurrent magnetic separation beneficiation operation of the step (1) is 700GS to 800 GS.

4. The integrated recovery beneficiation process according to claim 1, wherein the pH adjusting agent comprises sulfuric acid.

5. The integrated recovery beneficiation process of claim 1, wherein the first collector comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of butyl xanthate, ethyl xanthate, or black lead.

6. The integrated recovery beneficiation process according to claim 1, wherein the first blowing agent comprises MIBC and/or BK 204.

7. The comprehensive recovery beneficiation method according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the pH regulator is 0-1000 g/t, excluding 0, the addition amount of the sodium sulfide is 50-200 g/t, the addition amount of the first collector is 50-200 g/t, and the addition amount of the first foaming agent is 5-50 g/t.

8. The integrated recovery beneficiation process according to claim 1, wherein in the third mixing in step (3), the gangue inhibitor is added for the first time, the activator is added for the second time, and the pH adjusting agent, the second collector and the second foaming agent are added for the third time.

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