CN108786657A - A kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap - Google Patents
A kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108786657A CN108786657A CN201810703912.3A CN201810703912A CN108786657A CN 108786657 A CN108786657 A CN 108786657A CN 201810703912 A CN201810703912 A CN 201810703912A CN 108786657 A CN108786657 A CN 108786657A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- mold roller
- roller gap
- grain forming
- grain
- bearing seat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 claims description 9
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011982 device technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/22—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by pressing in moulds or between rollers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vertical particle forming devices for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap; its structure includes feed hopper, controller, grain forming main body, universal wheel, door-plate; mechanical connection has universal wheel on the bottom surface four corners position of grain forming main body; there are four universal wheel installations; compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The vertical particle forming device is arranged by the combination of rotatable mold roller briquetting machine, adjusting mold roller gap power mechanism, body, mold roller gap adjusting mechanism, grain forming mechanism, grain forming active force mechanism; need not shut down can be adjusted mold roller gap; it is easy to operate; it greatly improves work efficiency; it is set simultaneously there are two discharge port and under the cooperation of discharging transmission mechanism; can directing material the phenomenon that being quickly discharged, solid accumulation will not be caused, discharge velocity is fast.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grain forming technique field, specifically a kind of not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap vertical
Grain molding machine.
Background technology
For Properties of Pelletized Biomass generally by agriculture and forestry organic waste material as raw material, solid waste is raw material, by crushing, drying
The technological processes such as dry, mixing, extruding, manufactured molding such as graininess, rodlike, blocky and spherical fuel.It is mainly used for substituting
Traditional fossil energy, a kind of novel low carbon environmental protection and energy saving directly burnt in the biomass combustion machine specially developed it is new
Clean fuel.Biomass fuel belongs to country and supports the New-type fuel promoted, and is a kind of renewable resource.The auspicious Kun biomass in Dandong
Compressed particle!
Current vertical particle forming device when mold roller gap being adjusted, needs shutdown to be adjusted, grasps
It bothers, greatly reduces working efficiency, while being provided only with a discharge port, easily lead to granule materials accumulation, discharge velocity is slow.
Invention content
It is a primary object of the present invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap
Vertical particle forming device.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realize:A kind of vertical grain forming dress for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap
It sets, structure includes feed hopper, controller, grain forming main body, universal wheel, door-plate, the grain forming main body
Mechanical connection has universal wheel on the four corners position of bottom surface, and there are four the universal wheel installations, the grain forming main body
Positive upper hinge is connected with door-plate, and the door-plate is in there are two symmetrical settings, and the top surface of the grain forming main body is equipped with
The feed hopper communicated therewith, the feed hopper structure setting with a narrow upper and lower width;
The grain forming main body includes rotatable mold roller briquetting machine, adjust mold roller gap power mechanism, body,
Mold roller gap adjusting mechanism, grain forming mechanism, discharging transmission mechanism, grain forming active force mechanism;
The body be equipped with rotatable mold roller briquetting machine, adjust mold roller gap power mechanism, mold roller gap adjusting mechanism,
Grain forming mechanism, discharging transmission mechanism, grain forming active force mechanism, the equal spiral shell in both sides of the rotatable mold roller briquetting machine
Line is connected with mold roller gap adjusting mechanism, and the mold roller gap adjusting mechanism is laid there are two and is attached by transmission belt,
One of them described mold roller gap adjusting mechanism is sequentially connected with mold roller gap power mechanism is adjusted, the rotatable mold roller
Briquetting machine is arranged right below equipped with grain forming mechanism, and the grain forming mechanism is used with grain forming active force mechanism
Be sequentially connected, the discharging transmission mechanism be equipped with two groups and and grain forming mechanism center vertical line be axis in mirror image setting.
As an optimization, the rotatable mold roller briquetting machine includes first connecting rod, the first mold roller, swivel head, the second mould
Roller, second connecting rod, one end of the swivel head be sequentially connected with the first mold roller, the other end of the swivel head and the second mold roller into
Row connection, side center of second mold roller far from swivel head are connect with one end of first connecting rod second connecting rod, and described first
Side center of the mold roller far from swivel head is connected to one end of first connecting rod, and the other end of the first connecting rod and second connecting rod is equal
There is a mold roller gap adjusting mechanism of connection fixed thereto, the swivel head is set to the surface of grain forming mechanism, and described first
Mold roller, swivel head, the second mold roller are vacantly set to the inside of body.
As an optimization, adjusting mold roller gap power mechanism include drive bevel gear, first bearing seat, handwheel disk,
Bull stick, the bull stick are sequentially passed through in first bearing seat, the medial center vertical connection of one end and handwheel disk, and the other end is then nested with
There are drive bevel gear, the first bearing seat to be connected with body, the handwheel disk is set to the outside of body, the active conical tooth
Wheel is sequentially connected set on the inside of body and with mold roller gap adjusting mechanism.
As an optimization, the body include grain forming mill chamber, guide ring, discharge port, support plate, triangle limited block,
Shell, discharging slideway, discharge port, discharge nozzle, the left and right sides of the shell offers discharge port, the side of the discharge port
It is respectively connected with discharging slideway, the other side of the discharge port is equipped with the discharge nozzle being connected with housing exterior walls, described to have discharging
Side of the slideway far from discharge port is equipped with triangle limited block, and the triangle limited block is fixedly connected with the casing, the shell
Be equipped with grain forming mill chamber, the inner wall of the grain forming mill chamber is fixed with guide ring, the lower section of the guide ring be equipped with
The support plate of shell connection, the support plate is externally provided with the discharge port of circular configuration, first mold roller, rotation except center
Rotary head, the second mold roller vacantly be set to grain forming mill chamber in, the shell is connected with first bearing seat, the shell also with
Mold roller gap adjusting mechanism, grain forming mechanism, discharging transmission mechanism, the connection of grain forming active force mechanism.
As an optimization, the mold roller gap adjusting mechanism includes driven wheel of differential, lead screw, pair of nut, driving wheel, second
Two ends of bearing block, the lead screw are mounted on second bearing seat, the second bearing seat is parallel set there are two, two second
Pair of nut is equipped between bearing block, the pair of nut is connected through a screw thread with lead screw, and the upper end of the pair of nut is equipped with from mantle
Gear, the driven wheel of differential is nested on lead screw and the two is using interference fit, and the parallel beneath of the pair of nut, which is equipped with, to be passed
Driving wheel, the driving wheel and lead screw are using being interference fitted, and the driving wheel is by way of being driven band connection and the mould of the other side
The driving wheel of roll clearance adjusting mechanism connects, the pair of nut and second connecting rod vertical connection, the driven wheel of differential and active
Bevel gear uses orthogonal engagement, the second bearing seat to be fixedly connected with the casing.
As an optimization, the grain forming mechanism includes guide groove, die hole, mill, hollow cylinder, main shaft, driven wheel,
Three bearing blocks, the main shaft are arranged with driven wheel through hollow cylinder on the main shaft, the driven wheel is parallel to be set to third axis
The top of bearing and the two and inside set on hollow cylinder, the top of the main shaft and bottom center's vertical connection of mill, institute
It states and uniformly offers the equal die hole of spacing on mill, the guiding being integrated therewith is offered on the outside of the mill
Slot, the guide groove are slidably connected with guide ring, and the mill is parallel set on the top of support plate, the position of the die hole and mould
The position phase inverse correspondence of roller, the driven wheel are sequentially connected with grain forming active force mechanism, the bottom of the hollow cylinder
It is fixedly connected with the casing, the both sides of the hollow cylinder are equipped with discharging transmission mechanism.
As an optimization, the discharging transmission mechanism includes hinged shaft, fixed block, stripper, spring retainer footstock, arc
The side of hole, spring, arc frame, spring retainer pedestal, the stripper is equipped with hinged shaft, and the side of the stripper is connected with
Fixed block, through arcuate socket, the arcuate socket is opened on the arc frame being integrated therewith the fixed block, described
The inside of arc frame is equipped with spring, and one end of the spring is connected with spring retainer footstock, the other end and bullet of the spring
Spring limiting plate connects, and side of the arc frame far from fixed block is fixedly connected with the outer wall of hollow cylinder, the spring retainer
Pedestal is also connect with the outer wall of hollow cylinder, and the hinged shaft and hollow cylinder carry out hinge connection, the stripper far from hinged shaft one
Side is contacted with the fitting of the inner wall of shell.
As an optimization, grain forming active force mechanism includes driving belt, driving wheel, motor, cushion socket, described
The bottom of motor is connected with cushion socket, is arranged with driving wheel on the output shaft of the motor, the driving wheel and driving belt
One end is sequentially connected, and the other end of the driving belt is sequentially connected in driven wheel, the inner bottom surface company of the cushion socket and shell
It connects.
As an optimization, the combination setting of the rotatable mold roller briquetting machine and grain forming mechanism, is to pelletize so that
Grain forming adjusts the setting of mold roller gap power mechanism, is to provide power, rotatable mold roller for mold roller gap adjusting mechanism
The combination of briquetting machine and mold roller gap adjusting mechanism is arranged, and is that mold roller gap is adjusted when device is not shut down, two
The setting of symmetrical discharging transmission mechanism have the function of it is dust-proof, can device avoid dust from entering inside device when leaving unused, have
Conducive to device normal operation and have the function of being oriented to granule materials, while being arranged with the combinations of two discharge ports, can
Particle is divided into two, guiding particle is quickly discharged to the particle of both sides, and the setting of grain forming active force mechanism has damping
Function, while being directly sequentially connected with grain forming mechanism, help to improve the speed of grain forming, improve work effect
Rate shortens the time.
Advantageous effect
A kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap of the present invention, material is poured into from feed hopper
In grain forming mill chamber, motor is started by controller so that motor drives driving wheel rotation, and driven wheel is in the auxiliary of driving belt
It helps under transmission and is rotated with driving wheel, so that main shaft links, and then rotates with movable grinding disc, swivel head drives the first mould
Roller, the second mold roller rotate in place, and material is under the cooperation of the first mold roller, the second mold roller and mill so that material is exported from die hole
At particle, particle falls on stripper from discharge port, i.e., spring bears pressure and compressed by original state at this time, and makes discharging
Plate is round close to hollow cylinder direction with hinged shaft due to the gravity by particle, and in fixed block, arcuate socket, arc frame
The lower rotation of guide and limit effect, until being limited by triangle limited block, particle takes advantage of a situation and falls on discharging slideway from stripper, from
And fallen to discharge nozzle by discharge port, and then be discharged, when such as tuning up mold roller gap, by rotating counterclockwise handwheel
Disk so that handwheel dribbling turn bar rotates so that drive bevel gear rotates counterclockwise so that be meshed therewith from
Dynamic bevel gear is rotated clockwise, and is driven on the pair of nut being threadedly coupled therewith while lead screw is linked clockwise therewith
It rises, at the same time, lead screw drives the pair of nut of the other side to rise by driving wheel and transmission belt, to pass through first connecting rod and the
Two connecting rods drive the first mold roller, the second mold roller far from mill, so reach the gap for tuning up mold roller and mill;Such as to turn mold roller down
Gap, otherwise similarly, rotate clockwise handwheel disk so that handwheel dribbling turn bar rotates, so that drive bevel gear up time
Needle rotates, so that the driven wheel of differential being meshed therewith is rotated counterclockwise, what lead screw was linked counterclockwise therewith
The pair of nut being threadedly coupled therewith is driven to decline simultaneously, at the same time, lead screw drives the other side by driving wheel and transmission belt
Pair of nut declines, to drive the first mold roller, the second mold roller close to mill by first connecting rod and second connecting rod;
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The vertical particle forming device passes through rotatable mold roller pressure
Mechanism processed adjusts mold roller gap power mechanism, body, mold roller gap adjusting mechanism, grain forming mechanism, grain forming active force
The combination of mechanism is arranged, and mold roller gap can be adjusted without shutting down, easy to operate, greatly improves work efficiency, together
When set there are two discharge port and under the cooperation of discharging transmission mechanism, can directing material be quickly discharged, material heap will not be caused
Long-pending phenomenon, discharge velocity are fast.
Description of the drawings
Upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other feature of the invention,
Objects and advantages will become more apparent upon:
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of vertical particle forming device that not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the first working condition of the grain forming main body of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of second of working condition of the grain forming main body of the present invention.
In figure:Feed hopper 1, controller 2, grain forming main body 3, universal wheel 4, door-plate 5, rotatable mold roller briquetting machine
31, mold roller gap power mechanism 32, body 33, mold roller gap adjusting mechanism 34, grain forming mechanism 35, discharging driver are adjusted
Structure 36, grain forming active force mechanism 37, first connecting rod 3101, the first mold roller 3102, swivel head 3103, the second mold roller 3104,
Second connecting rod 3105,
Drive bevel gear 3201, handwheel disk 3203, bull stick 3204, grain forming mill chamber 3301, is led first bearing seat 3202
To ring 3302, discharge port 3303, support plate 3304, triangle limited block 3305, shell 3306, discharging slideway 3307, discharge port
3308, discharge nozzle 3309, driven wheel of differential 3401, lead screw 3402, pair of nut 3403, driving wheel 3404, second bearing seat 3405,
Guide groove 3501, die hole 3502, mill 3503, hollow cylinder 3504, main shaft 3505, driven wheel 3506,3rd bearing seat 3507, hinge
Axis 3601, fixed block 3602, stripper 3603, spring retainer footstock 3604, arcuate socket 3605, spring 3606, arc frame 3607,
Spring retainer pedestal 3608, driving belt 3701, driving wheel 3702, motor 3703, cushion socket 3704.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
- 3 are please referred to Fig.1, the present invention provides a kind of vertical particle forming device technology for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap
Scheme:Its structure includes feed hopper 1, controller 2, grain forming main body 3, universal wheel 4, door-plate 5, the grain forming master
Mechanical connection has universal wheel 4 on the bottom surface four corners position of body 3, and there are four the installations of the universal wheel 4, the grain forming
The positive upper hinge of main body 3 is connected with door-plate 5, and the door-plate 5 is in the grain forming main body there are two symmetrical settings
3 top surface is equipped with the feed hopper 1 communicated therewith, 1 structure setting with a narrow upper and lower width of the feed hopper;
The grain forming main body 3 includes rotatable mold roller briquetting machine 31, adjust mold roller gap power mechanism 32,
Body 33, mold roller gap adjusting mechanism 34, grain forming mechanism 35, discharging transmission mechanism 36, grain forming active force mechanism 37;
The body 33 is equipped with rotatable mold roller briquetting machine 31, adjusts mold roller gap power mechanism 32, mold roller gap tune
Save mechanism 34, grain forming mechanism 35, discharging transmission mechanism 36, grain forming active force mechanism 37, the rotatable mold roller pressure
The both sides of mechanism 31 processed are threaded with mold roller gap adjusting mechanism 34, and there are two the layings of mold roller gap adjusting mechanism 34
And be attached by transmission belt, one of them described mold roller gap adjusting mechanism 34 with adjust mold roller gap power mechanism 32 into
Row is sequentially connected, and the rotatable mold roller briquetting machine 31 is arranged right below equipped with grain forming mechanism 35, the particle at
With grain forming active force mechanism 37 using being sequentially connected, the discharging transmission mechanism 36 is equipped with two groups and and particle for type mechanism 35
The center vertical line of shaping mechanism 35 is that axis is arranged in mirror image.
The rotatable mold roller briquetting machine 31 includes first connecting rod 3101, the first mold roller 3102, swivel head 3103,
One end of two mold rollers 3104, second connecting rod 3105, the swivel head 3103 is sequentially connected with the first mold roller 3102, the swivel head
3103 other end is attached with the second mold roller 3104, side center of second mold roller 3104 far from swivel head 3103 with
One end of first connecting rod second connecting rod 3105 connects, and side center of first mold roller 3102 far from swivel head 3103 is connected to
The other end of one end of first connecting rod 3101, the first connecting rod 3101 and second connecting rod 3105 has the mould of connection fixed thereto
Roll clearance adjusting mechanism 34, the swivel head 3103 are set to the surface of grain forming mechanism 35, first mold roller 3102, rotation
Rotary head 3103, the second mold roller 3104 are vacantly set to the inside of body 33.
Adjusting mold roller gap power mechanism 32 includes drive bevel gear 3201, first bearing seat 3202, handwheel disk
3203, bull stick 3204, the bull stick 3204 are sequentially passed through in first bearing seat 3202, the medial center of one end and handwheel disk 3203
Vertical connection, the other end are then equipped with drive bevel gear 3201, and the first bearing seat 3202 is connected with body 33, the hand
Wheel disc 3203 be set to body 33 outside, the drive bevel gear 3201 be set to body 33 inside and with mold roller gap adjustment machine
Structure 34 is sequentially connected.
The body 33 includes grain forming mill chamber 3301, guide ring 3302, discharge port 3303, support plate 3304, three
Angle limited block 3305, shell 3306, discharging slideway 3307, discharge port 3308, discharge nozzle 3309, the left and right two of the shell 3306
Side offers discharge port 3308, and the side of the discharge port 3308 is respectively connected with discharging slideway 3307, the discharge port 3308
The other side be equipped with the discharge nozzle 3309 being connected with 3306 outer wall of shell, it is described to have discharging slideway 3307 far from discharge port
3308 side is equipped with triangle limited block 3305, and the triangle limited block 3305 is fixedly connected with shell 3306, the shell
Body 3306 is equipped with grain forming mill chamber 3301, and the inner wall of the grain forming mill chamber 3301 is fixed with guide ring 3302, described
The lower section of guide ring 3302 is equipped with the support plate 3304 being connect with shell 3306, and the support plate 3304 removes center peripheral hardware
There are the discharge port 3303 of circular configuration, first mold roller 3102, swivel head 3103, the second mold roller 3104 to be vacantly set to particle
Be molded mill chamber 3301 in, the shell 3306 is connected with first bearing seat 3202, the shell 3306 also with mold roller gap tune
Mechanism 34, grain forming mechanism 35, discharging transmission mechanism 36, grain forming active force mechanism 37 is saved to connect.
The mold roller gap adjusting mechanism 34 includes driven wheel of differential 3401, lead screw 3402, pair of nut 3403, driving wheel
Two ends of 3404, second bearing seat 3405, the lead screw 3402 are mounted on second bearing seat 3405, the second bearing seat
3405 it is parallel set there are two, between two second bearing seats 3405 be equipped with pair of nut 3403, the pair of nut 3403 and lead screw
3402 are connected through a screw thread, and the upper end of the pair of nut 3403 is equipped with driven wheel of differential 3401,3401 sets of the driven wheel of differential
It sets on lead screw 3402 and the two is using interference fit, the parallel beneath of the pair of nut 3403 is equipped with driving wheel 3404, described
Driving wheel 3404 and lead screw 3402 are using being interference fitted, and the driving wheel 3404 is by way of being driven band connection and the other side
The driving wheel of mold roller gap adjusting mechanism connects, the pair of nut 3403 and 3105 vertical connection of second connecting rod, described from mantle
Gear 3401 uses orthogonal engagement, the second bearing seat 3405 to be fixedly connected with shell 3306 with drive bevel gear 3201.
The grain forming mechanism 35 includes guide groove 3501, die hole 3502, mill 3503, hollow cylinder 3504, main shaft
3505, driven wheel 3506,3rd bearing seat 3507, the main shaft 3505 are covered on the main shaft 3505 through hollow cylinder 3504
Equipped with driven wheel 3506, the driven wheel 3506 is parallel set on the top of 3rd bearing seat 3507 and the two and set on hollow cylinder
3504 inside, the top of the main shaft 3505 and bottom center's vertical connection of mill 3503, on the mill 3503 uniformly
Offer the equal die hole 3502 of spacing, the outside of the mill 3503 offers the guide groove being integrated therewith
3501, the guide groove 3501 is slidably connected with guide ring 3302, and the mill 3503 is parallel set on the top of support plate 3304,
The position phase inverse correspondence of the position of the die hole 3502 and mold roller, the driven wheel 3506 and grain forming active force mechanism 37 into
Row is sequentially connected, and the bottom of the hollow cylinder 3504 is fixedly connected with shell 3306, and the both sides of the hollow cylinder 3504 are equipped with
Discharging transmission mechanism 36.
The discharging transmission mechanism 36 includes hinged shaft 3601, fixed block 3602, stripper 3603, spring retainer footstock
3604, arcuate socket 3605, spring 3606, arc frame 3607, spring retainer pedestal 3608, the side installation of the stripper 3603
There is a hinged shaft 3601, the side of the stripper 3603 is connected with fixed block 3602, and the fixed block 3602 is through arcuate socket
3605, the arcuate socket 3605 is opened on the arc frame 3607 being integrated therewith, the inside of the arc frame 3607
Equipped with spring 3606, one end of the spring 3606 is connected with spring retainer footstock 3604, the other end of the spring 3606
It is connect with spring retainer pedestal 3608, side of the arc frame 3607 far from fixed block 3602 and the outer wall of hollow cylinder 3504 are solid
Fixed connection, the spring retainer pedestal 3608 are also connect with the outer wall of hollow cylinder 3504, the hinged shaft 3601 and hollow cylinder 3504
Hinge connection is carried out, side of the stripper 3603 far from hinged shaft 3601 is contacted with the fitting of the inner wall of shell 3306.
Grain forming active force mechanism 37 includes driving belt 3701, driving wheel 3702, motor 3703, cushion socket
3704, the bottom of the motor 3703 is connected with cushion socket 370, and driving wheel is arranged on the output shaft of the motor 3703
3702, the driving wheel 3702 and one end of driving belt 3701 are sequentially connected, the other end transmission of the driving belt 3701
It is connected to driven wheel 3506, the cushion socket 3704 is connect with the inner bottom surface of shell 3306.
The combination of the rotatable mold roller briquetting machine 31 and grain forming mechanism 35 is arranged, and is to pelletize so that particle
Molding adjusts the setting of mold roller gap power mechanism 32, is to provide power, rotatable mold roller for mold roller gap adjusting mechanism 34
The combination of briquetting machine 31 and mold roller gap adjusting mechanism 34 is arranged, and is that mold roller gap is adjusted when device is not shut down,
The setting of two symmetrical discharging transmission mechanisms 36 have the function of it is dust-proof, can device it is idle when avoid dust from entering in device
Portion, be conducive to the normal operation of device and to granule materials have the function of be oriented to, while and two discharge ports 3308 combination
Particle, can be divided into two by setting, and guiding particle is quickly discharged, and the setting of grain forming active force mechanism 37 has damping
Function, while being directly sequentially connected with grain forming mechanism 35, help to improve the speed of grain forming, improve work
Efficiency shortens the time.
Operation principle:Material is poured into from feed hopper 1 in grain forming mill chamber 3301, motor is started by controller 2
3703 so that motor 3703 drives driving wheel 3702 to rotate, and driven wheel 3506 is under the accessory drive of driving belt 3701 with master
Driving wheel 3702 rotates, so that main shaft 3505 links, and then rotates with movable grinding disc 3503, swivel head 3103 drives first
Mold roller 3102, the second mold roller 3104 rotate in place, cooperation of the material in the first mold roller 3102, the second mold roller 3104 and mill 3503
Under so that material exports to particle from die hole 3502, and particle falls on stripper 3603 from discharge port 3303, i.e. spring at this time
3606 bear pressure and are compressed by original state, and stripper 3603 is made due to the gravity by particle to be circle with hinged shaft
It is close to 3504 direction of hollow cylinder, and act on backspin in the guide and limit of fixed block 3602, arcuate socket 3605, arc frame 3607
Turn, until being limited by triangle limited block 3305, particle is taken advantage of a situation falls on discharging slideway 3307 from stripper 3603, to logical
It crosses discharge port 3308 to fall to discharge nozzle, and then is discharged, when such as tuning up mold roller gap, by rotating counterclockwise handwheel
Disk 3203 so that handwheel disk 3203 drives bull stick 3204 to rotate, so that drive bevel gear 3201 rotates counterclockwise, and then makes
It obtains the driven wheel of differential 3401 being meshed therewith to be rotated clockwise, band while lead screw 3402 is linked clockwise therewith
The dynamic pair of nut 3403 being threadedly coupled therewith rises, and at the same time, lead screw 3402 is driven another by driving wheel 3404 and transmission belt
The pair of nut of side rises, to drive the first mold roller 3102, the second mold roller by first connecting rod 3101 and second connecting rod 3105
3104 far from mill 3503, so reach the gap for tuning up mold roller and mill;Such as to turn mold roller gap down, otherwise similarly, up time
Needle rotates handwheel disk 3203 so that handwheel disk 3203 drives bull stick 3204 to rotate, so that drive bevel gear 3201 is clockwise
Rotation, so that the driven wheel of differential 3401 being meshed therewith is rotated counterclockwise, lead screw 3402 carries out counterclockwise therewith
Drive the pair of nut 3403 that is threadedly coupled therewith to decline while linkage, at the same time, lead screw 3402 by driving wheel 3404 and
Transmission belt drives the pair of nut of the other side to decline, to drive the first mold roller by first connecting rod 3101 and second connecting rod 3105
3102, the second mold roller 3104 is close to mill 3503.
The technological progress that the present invention obtains compared with the prior art is:The vertical particle forming device passes through rotatable mold roller pressure
Mechanism processed adjusts mold roller gap power mechanism, body, mold roller gap adjusting mechanism, grain forming mechanism, grain forming active force
The combination of mechanism is arranged, and mold roller gap can be adjusted without shutting down, easy to operate, greatly improves work efficiency, together
When set there are two discharge port and under the cooperation of discharging transmission mechanism, can directing material be quickly discharged, material heap will not be caused
Long-pending phenomenon, discharge velocity are fast.
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art,
It still can be with technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified, or is carried out to which part technical characteristic etc.
With replacing, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in this
Within the protection domain of invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap, structure include feed hopper, controller,
Grain molding main-machine body, universal wheel, door-plate, it is characterised in that:
Mechanical connection has universal wheel, the universal wheel to be equipped with four on the bottom surface four corners position of the grain forming main body
A, the positive upper hinge of the grain forming main body is connected with door-plate, and the door-plate is in described there are two symmetrical settings
The top surface of grain molding main-machine body is equipped with the feed hopper communicated therewith, the feed hopper structure setting with a narrow upper and lower width;
The grain forming main body includes rotatable mold roller briquetting machine, adjusts mold roller gap power mechanism, body, mold roller
Gap adjusting mechanism, grain forming mechanism, discharging transmission mechanism, grain forming active force mechanism;
The body is equipped with rotatable mold roller briquetting machine, adjusts mold roller gap power mechanism, mold roller gap adjusting mechanism, particle
The equal screw thread in both sides of shaping mechanism, discharging transmission mechanism, grain forming active force mechanism, the rotatable mold roller briquetting machine connects
It is connected to mold roller gap adjusting mechanism, the mold roller gap adjusting mechanism is laid there are two and is attached by transmission belt, wherein
One mold roller gap adjusting mechanism is sequentially connected with mold roller gap power mechanism is adjusted, the rotatable mold roller compacting
Mechanism is arranged right below equipped with grain forming mechanism, and the grain forming mechanism is with grain forming active force mechanism using transmission
Connection, the discharging transmission mechanism be equipped with two groups and and grain forming mechanism center vertical line be axis in mirror image setting.
2. a kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap according to claim 1, feature exist
In:The rotatable mold roller briquetting machine includes first connecting rod, the first mold roller, swivel head, the second mold roller, second connecting rod, institute
The one end for stating swivel head is sequentially connected with the first mold roller, and the other end of the swivel head is attached with the second mold roller, and described
Side center of two mold rollers far from swivel head is connect with one end of first connecting rod second connecting rod, and first mold roller is far from swivel head
Side center be connected to one end of first connecting rod, the other end of the first connecting rod and second connecting rod has connection fixed thereto
Mold roller gap adjusting mechanism, the swivel head is set to the surface of grain forming mechanism, first mold roller, swivel head, the
Two mold rollers are vacantly set to the inside of body.
3. a kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap according to claim 1, feature exist
In:Adjusting mold roller gap power mechanism includes drive bevel gear, first bearing seat, handwheel disk, bull stick, the bull stick according to
It is secondary through first bearing seat, the medial center vertical connection of one end and handwheel disk, the other end is then equipped with drive bevel gear, institute
It states first bearing seat with body to be connected, the handwheel disk is set to the outside of body, and the drive bevel gear is set to the interior of body
It side and is sequentially connected with mold roller gap adjusting mechanism.
4. a kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap according to claim 2, feature exist
In:The body include grain forming mill chamber, guide ring, discharge port, support plate, triangle limited block, shell, discharging slideway,
The left and right sides of discharge port, discharge nozzle, the shell offers discharge port, and the side of the discharge port is respectively connected with discharging and slides
Road, the other side of the discharge port is equipped with the discharge nozzle being connected with housing exterior walls, described to have discharging slideway far from discharge port
Side be equipped with triangle limited block, the triangle limited block is fixedly connected with the casing, the shell be equipped with grain forming
The inner wall of mill chamber, the grain forming mill chamber is fixed with guide ring, and the lower section of the guide ring is equipped with the support being connect with shell
Plate, the support plate is externally provided with the discharge port of circular configuration, first mold roller, swivel head, the second mold roller except center
Vacantly be set to grain forming mill chamber in, the shell is connected with first bearing seat, the shell also with mold roller gap adjustment
Mechanism, grain forming mechanism, discharging transmission mechanism, the connection of grain forming active force mechanism.
5. a kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap according to claim 2 or 3, feature
It is:The mold roller gap adjusting mechanism includes driven wheel of differential, lead screw, pair of nut, driving wheel, second bearing seat, described
Two ends of lead screw are mounted on second bearing seat, the second bearing seat is parallel set there are two, between two second bearing seats
Equipped with pair of nut, the pair of nut is connected through a screw thread with lead screw, and the upper end of the pair of nut is equipped with driven wheel of differential, it is described from
Dynamic bevel gear is nested on lead screw and the two is using interference fit, and the parallel beneath of the pair of nut is equipped with driving wheel, the master
Driving wheel and lead screw are using being interference fitted, and the driving wheel is by way of being driven band connection and the mold roller gap adjustment machine of the other side
The driving wheel of structure connects, and the pair of nut and second connecting rod vertical connection, the driven wheel of differential is with drive bevel gear using just
Engagement, the second bearing seat is handed over to be fixedly connected with the casing.
6. a kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap according to claim 4, feature exist
In:The grain forming mechanism includes guide groove, die hole, mill, hollow cylinder, main shaft, driven wheel, 3rd bearing seat, described
Main shaft is arranged with driven wheel through hollow cylinder on the main shaft, the driven wheel it is parallel set on the top of 3rd bearing seat and
The two and inside set on hollow cylinder, the top of the main shaft and bottom center's vertical connection of mill, on the mill uniformly
Offer the equal die hole of spacing, the guide groove being integrated therewith, the guiding are offered on the outside of the mill
Slot is slidably connected with guide ring, and the mill is parallel set on the top of support plate, the position of the die hole and the position phase of mold roller
Inverse correspondence, the driven wheel are sequentially connected with grain forming active force mechanism, and bottom and the shell of the hollow cylinder are fixed
Connection, the both sides of the hollow cylinder are equipped with discharging transmission mechanism.
7. a kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap according to claim 1 or 4, feature
It is:The discharging transmission mechanism includes hinged shaft, fixed block, stripper, spring retainer footstock, arcuate socket, spring, arc
The side of frame, spring retainer pedestal, the stripper is equipped with hinged shaft, and the side of the stripper is connected with fixed block, described
Fixed block is opened in through arcuate socket, the arcuate socket on the arc frame being integrated therewith, the arc frame it is interior
Side is equipped with spring, and one end of the spring is connected with spring retainer footstock, the other end and the spring retainer pedestal of the spring
Connection, side of the arc frame far from fixed block be fixedly connected with the outer wall of hollow cylinder, the spring retainer pedestal also with sky
The outer wall of heart cylinder connects, and the hinged shaft carries out hinge connection with hollow cylinder, side and shell of the stripper far from hinged shaft
Inner wall fitting contact.
8. a kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap according to claim 1 or 6, feature
It is:Grain forming active force mechanism includes driving belt, driving wheel, motor, cushion socket, and the bottom of the motor connects
It is connected to cushion socket, is arranged with driving wheel on the output shaft of the motor, one end of the driving wheel and driving belt is sequentially connected,
The other end of the driving belt is sequentially connected in driven wheel, the inner bottom surface connection of the cushion socket and shell.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810703912.3A CN108786657A (en) | 2018-06-30 | 2018-06-30 | A kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810703912.3A CN108786657A (en) | 2018-06-30 | 2018-06-30 | A kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN108786657A true CN108786657A (en) | 2018-11-13 |
Family
ID=64073631
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810703912.3A Pending CN108786657A (en) | 2018-06-30 | 2018-06-30 | A kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN108786657A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109248848A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-01-22 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of granulation rotary strainer integrated device of charcoal base manure |
CN110508171A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-11-29 | 郝晨亮 | A kind of feed drying batch mixer |
CN113289550A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-24 | 新活力活性炭有限公司 | Vertical hydraulic pressure prilling granulator is used in active carbon granule production |
CN114129531A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-04 | 安徽唐堂生物科技有限公司 | Preparation process and equipment of modified starch soft capsule |
CN114226009A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 黄淮学院 | Civil engineering uses intelligent stone crusher |
CN116036652A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-05-02 | 南京交通职业技术学院 | Continuous supercritical extraction reaction kettle, equipment and extraction method |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN2274642Y (en) * | 1996-08-06 | 1998-02-18 | 中国新兴铸管联合公司 | Cold pelletizer for metallurgy |
CN101116801A (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2008-02-06 | 汕头市奇佳机械厂有限公司 | Granulation device |
US20090220885A1 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-03 | Atsushi Inoue | Toner production method and toner granulating apparatus |
CN102079679A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-06-01 | 福建省大德投资发展有限公司 | Fertilizer concentrating and forming machine |
CN201969538U (en) * | 2011-01-23 | 2011-09-14 | 魏广廷 | Small-sized straw granulator |
CN203598790U (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-05-21 | 湖北新洋***业股份有限公司 | Roller granulator with gap adjustment device |
CN103896044A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-07-02 | 山东星源矿山设备集团有限公司 | Feeder with turning plate buffering device |
CN204074026U (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-07 | 河南天成鸽业有限公司 | A kind of granulator |
CN206304703U (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-07-07 | 杭州年丰有机肥有限公司 | The pressurizing unit of Squeezinggranulator and its Squeezinggranulator |
CN207413345U (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-05-29 | 湖南舜鼎生物能源科技开发有限公司 | A kind of biological particles comminutor |
-
2018
- 2018-06-30 CN CN201810703912.3A patent/CN108786657A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN2274642Y (en) * | 1996-08-06 | 1998-02-18 | 中国新兴铸管联合公司 | Cold pelletizer for metallurgy |
CN101116801A (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2008-02-06 | 汕头市奇佳机械厂有限公司 | Granulation device |
US20090220885A1 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-03 | Atsushi Inoue | Toner production method and toner granulating apparatus |
CN102079679A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-06-01 | 福建省大德投资发展有限公司 | Fertilizer concentrating and forming machine |
CN201969538U (en) * | 2011-01-23 | 2011-09-14 | 魏广廷 | Small-sized straw granulator |
CN203598790U (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-05-21 | 湖北新洋***业股份有限公司 | Roller granulator with gap adjustment device |
CN103896044A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-07-02 | 山东星源矿山设备集团有限公司 | Feeder with turning plate buffering device |
CN204074026U (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-07 | 河南天成鸽业有限公司 | A kind of granulator |
CN206304703U (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-07-07 | 杭州年丰有机肥有限公司 | The pressurizing unit of Squeezinggranulator and its Squeezinggranulator |
CN207413345U (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-05-29 | 湖南舜鼎生物能源科技开发有限公司 | A kind of biological particles comminutor |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
上海市教育局等编: "《汽车维修机械基础》", 3 June 1995, 上海科学技术出版社 * |
邓承仪,成培江编著: "《工程材料力学实验》", 31 October 1997, 科学技术文献出版社 * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109248848A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-01-22 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of granulation rotary strainer integrated device of charcoal base manure |
CN110508171A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-11-29 | 郝晨亮 | A kind of feed drying batch mixer |
CN113289550A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-24 | 新活力活性炭有限公司 | Vertical hydraulic pressure prilling granulator is used in active carbon granule production |
CN114129531A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-04 | 安徽唐堂生物科技有限公司 | Preparation process and equipment of modified starch soft capsule |
CN114129531B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-08-25 | 安徽唐堂生物科技有限公司 | Process and equipment for preparing modified starch soft capsules |
CN114226009A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 黄淮学院 | Civil engineering uses intelligent stone crusher |
CN116036652A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-05-02 | 南京交通职业技术学院 | Continuous supercritical extraction reaction kettle, equipment and extraction method |
CN116036652B (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-10-17 | 南京交通职业技术学院 | Continuous supercritical extraction reaction kettle, equipment and extraction method |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN108786657A (en) | A kind of vertical particle forming device for not shutting down adjustable mold roller gap | |
CN206082662U (en) | Adjustable moulded coal waste rock milling machine | |
CN204294301U (en) | A kind of three storehouse refined cement ball mills | |
CN109174385A (en) | A kind of 3D printing raw material grinding screening plant | |
CN209061251U (en) | A kind of novel vertical mill staged grinding liner plate | |
CN105728126A (en) | Efficient garbage crushing equipment | |
CN208373206U (en) | A kind of pulverizing mill feeding device | |
CN107213952B (en) | A kind of cement roller press equipped with novel feeding device | |
CN103962213A (en) | Bone paste machine | |
CN108786656A (en) | A kind of vertical particle forming device with self-emptying function | |
CN209549632U (en) | A kind of entrance lock of Edge-Transmission overflow grinding machine | |
CN201871402U (en) | Milling barrel of planetary ball mill | |
CN208599830U (en) | A kind of three-roll grinder | |
CN205288514U (en) | Circular cone formula roller mill system sand machine | |
CN207735053U (en) | A kind of drum-type polishing rice machine | |
CN204604657U (en) | A kind of tyre crusher | |
CN205517623U (en) | External compression roller formula granulation machine | |
CN105536649A (en) | External press roll type granulation machine | |
CN204816800U (en) | Doublestage reducing mechanism | |
CN209362684U (en) | A kind of pulverizer convenient for loading and unloading | |
CN209952963U (en) | Shaping device for adjusting shape and granularity of graphite particles | |
CN205288515U (en) | Roller mill system sand machine | |
CN209124017U (en) | A kind of mill structure | |
CN103421597B (en) | Small air-cooling oil grinding machine | |
CN221245561U (en) | Crushing and grinding device for producing calcium carbide by using full semi-coke |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20181109 Address after: 236000 Intersection of Century Avenue and High-tech Road in Lixin County Industrial Park, Bozhou City, Anhui Province Applicant after: Anhui Wan Li Food limited liability company Address before: 241000 Wang Tan Natural Village, Fengwei Village Committee, Shenxiang Town, Jiujiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province Applicant before: Guo Kai |
|
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20181113 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |