CN108767360A - 一种加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置 - Google Patents
一种加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置；包括壳体，以及置于其内的电池组；由多块隔墙将壳体内部分割成多个隔腔；所述电池组由多个电池单体构成，各电池单体分别对应置于隔腔内；所述隔墙的内部开设有插槽，插槽用于***热管；其中，热管的蒸发段置于插槽内部，冷凝段伸出插槽外部。本冷却装置的壳体采用的碳化硅陶瓷，其由于微孔洞化结构的关系，散热的表面积相较金属散热器多出约20％的孔隙，因而与对流介质空气有更大的接触面积，能够在同一单位时间内带走更多的热量；壳体采用具有微孔结构的碳化硅陶瓷，并与热管结合，本身不耗能，且结构简单，使用寿命长，使用时基本不需要维护。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车动力锂电池散热领域，尤其涉及一种加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置。
背景技术
锂离子电池以其高功率密度和充放电效率，广泛应用于电动汽车中作为动力电池。电池在充放电过程中产生的电化学反应热、极化热和焦耳热若得不到及时有效地发散，将会使电池温度急剧升高，出现热失控，甚至出现燃烧、***等安全问题。目前主流电池冷却方式有风冷***、液冷***、基于热管的冷却***和基于相变材料的冷却***。风冷和液冷两种方式一般需要额外耗能且结构复杂，风冷效果不好，夜冷效果较好但常出现漏液问题，严重影响电池安全，基于热管和基于相变材料的冷却***结构比较复杂且造价高。因此设计一种无耗能且结构简单，散热性优良的***很有必要。
车载锂电池经常伴随车祸的发生而收到碰撞，由于一般单体锂电池外壳亦为导电金属，且电池组的箱体为铝合金或黄铜。发生碰撞时，电池箱体和电池组均易发生变形，严重时发生漏液且伴随着有电流的传导，甚至起火和***。因此设计一种既能减少电池变形又能提高碰撞安全性的电池组壳体变的很有必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点和不足，提供一种结构简单、散热效率高的加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现：
一种加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置，包括壳体31，以及置于其内的电池组；由多块隔墙50将壳体31内部分割成多个隔腔52；所述电池组由多个电池单体11构成，各电池单体11分别对应置于隔腔52内；
所述隔墙50的内部开设有插槽51，插槽51用于***热管21；其中，热管21的蒸发段置于插槽51内部，冷凝段伸出插槽51外部。
所述插槽51为多个扁平插槽构成的阵列插槽，其中，中部的扁平插槽宽度大于两端扁平插槽的宽度。
所述壳体31为碳化硅陶瓷壳体。
所述碳化硅陶瓷壳体为具有孔隙的再结晶碳化硅陶瓷，孔隙密度小于2.7g/cm3。
隔墙50上的插槽51与电池单体11接触面的孔隙率≤5％，向外延伸至碳化硅陶瓷壳体外表面孔隙率逐渐增大至≥50％，即孔隙率向碳化硅陶瓷壳体外表面线性增加。
所述壳体31外表面设有波浪状散热翅片。
热管21与插槽51之间的间隙内填充有导热硅胶。
所述壳体31与隔墙50为一体成型结构。
本发明相对于现有技术，具有如下的优点及效果：
1、本发明壳体采用的碳化硅陶瓷，其由于微孔洞化结构的关系，散热的表面积相较金属散热器多出约20％的孔隙，因而与对流介质空气有更大的接触面积，能够在同一单位时间内带走更多的热量，另碳化硅陶瓷散热片强于金属材料8.8倍的辐射散热特性，主动散热效能远超只能被动散热的金属材料，本发明的冷却壳体外表面制成起伏的波浪状，进一步增加了散热性。
2、碳化硅陶瓷具有绝缘、耐高温、抗氧化、耐酸碱、耐冷热冲击、热膨胀系数低，保证了在高低温环境或者其他恶劣环境下陶瓷散热片的稳定性；碳化硅陶瓷硬度高于一半金属且在碰撞时发生破碎而非变形，在破碎时吸收大量动能，减少电池受到的冲击；该套装置能使电池能长期安全运行，提高电动汽车续航里程，应用前景十分广阔。
3、碳化硅陶瓷本身热容量小，本身不蓄热，直接散热，不会像金属散热片一样形成“热阶梯”，影响散热；在电池单体间加装微热管阵列之后，能迅速将电池间热量快速散发出来，冷却壳体和微热管阵列的配合，提高了电池组的均温性，有效延长电池组使用寿命。
4、本发明壳体采用具有微孔结构的碳化硅陶瓷，并与热管结合，本身不耗能，且结构简单，使用寿命长，使用时基本不需要维护。
5、采用碳化硅陶瓷冷却壳体，具有一定的孔隙率，可使其整体平均密度小于2g/cm3，该密度远小于一般电池组箱体使用的铝合金或黄铜的壳体材料，利于新能源汽车的轻量化。
附图说明
图1为本发明壳体结构示意图。
图2为电池单体结构示意图。
图3为热管与插槽的剖切示意图。
图4为热管与壳体装配示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步具体详细描述。
实施例
如图1-4所示。本发明公开了一种加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置，包括壳体31，以及置于其内的电池组；由多块隔墙50将壳体31内部分割成多个隔腔52；所述电池组由多个电池单体11构成，各电池单体11分别对应置于隔腔52内；
所述隔墙50的内部开设有插槽51，插槽51用于***热管21；其中，热管21的蒸发段置于插槽51内部，冷凝段伸出插槽51外部。
热管21厚度约1.5mm，插槽51的宽度约为1.5mm。
所述插槽51为多个扁平插槽构成的阵列插槽，其中，中部的扁平插槽宽度大于两端扁平插槽的宽度。
所述壳体31为碳化硅陶瓷壳体，碳化硅陶瓷为再结晶碳化硅(RSiC)陶瓷，是一种不添加人和烧结助剂的高纯度碳化硅材料，具有一定的孔隙。
所述碳化硅陶瓷壳体为具有孔隙的再结晶碳化硅陶瓷，孔隙密度小于2.7g/cm3。
隔墙50上的插槽51与电池单体11接触面的孔隙率≤5％，向外延伸至碳化硅陶瓷壳体外表面孔隙率逐渐增大至≥50％，即孔隙率向碳化硅陶瓷壳体外表面线性增加，这种微孔洞结构，有利于提高电池的散热效率。
所述壳体31外表面设有波浪状散热翅片。
热管21与插槽51之间的间隙内填充有导热硅胶。
所述壳体31与隔墙50为一体成型结构。
如上所述，便可较好地实现本发明。
本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置，包括壳体(31)，以及置于其内的电池组；其特征在于：由多块隔墙(50)将壳体(31)内部分割成多个隔腔(52)；所述电池组由多个电池单体(11)构成，各电池单体(11)分别对应置于隔腔(52)内；
所述隔墙(50)的内部开设有插槽(51)，插槽(51)用于***热管(21)；其中，热管(21)的蒸发段置于插槽(51)内部，冷凝段伸出插槽(51)外部。
2.根据权利要求1所述加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置，其特征在于：所述插槽(51)为多个扁平插槽构成的阵列插槽，其中，中部的扁平插槽宽度大于两端扁平插槽的宽度。
3.根据权利要求2所述加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置，其特征在于：所述壳体(31)为碳化硅陶瓷壳体。
4.根据权利要求3所述加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置，其特征在于：所述碳化硅陶瓷壳体为具有孔隙的再结晶碳化硅陶瓷，孔隙密度小于2.7g/cm3。
5.根据权利要求4所述加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置，其特征在于：隔墙(50)上的插槽(51)与电池单体(11)接触面的孔隙率≤5％，向外延伸至碳化硅陶瓷壳体外表面孔隙率逐渐增大至≥50％，即孔隙率向碳化硅陶瓷壳体外表面线性增加。
6.根据权利要求4所述加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置，其特征在于：所述壳体(31)外表面设有波浪状散热翅片。
7.根据权利要求5所述加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置，其特征在于：热管(21)与插槽(51)之间的间隙内填充有导热硅胶。
8.根据权利要求4所述加装微热管阵列的碳化硅陶瓷电池冷却装置，其特征在于：所述壳体(31)与隔墙(50)为一体成型结构。
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