CN108761493B - GPS positioning measurement method for control points of building construction dense area - Google Patents
GPS positioning measurement method for control points of building construction dense area Download PDFInfo
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- CN108761493B CN108761493B CN201810506377.2A CN201810506377A CN108761493B CN 108761493 B CN108761493 B CN 108761493B CN 201810506377 A CN201810506377 A CN 201810506377A CN 108761493 B CN108761493 B CN 108761493B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
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Abstract
The invention discloses a GPS positioning measurement method for control points in a building construction dense area. Four known coordinate control points are distributed at the periphery of a region to be measured, networking and numerical analysis are carried out in a time-sharing mode, the networking is a comprehensive network, data collected by a first GPS receiver and a second GPS receiver are transmitted to a computer to be stored, and observation in the time-sharing mode is completed; according to the obtained JM1And JM1 ’、JM2And JM2 ’…JMmAnd JMm ’And (4) lofting the plane position of the lofting point by adopting a conventional method. The method has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design and low investment cost; the number of the control points of the subnet at each time interval is at least three, and the subsequent total station carries out station setting redundant observation by observing more than two rear view points, so that the accuracy of the sampling points is ensured; the comprehensive network enables the area to be tested to be covered for networking through the first sub-network and the second sub-network, so that invalid control points are avoided, and the accuracy of the lofting position of the lofting point is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a positioning measurement method, in particular to a GPS positioning measurement method for control points in a building construction dense area, and belongs to the technical field of surveying and mapping engineering.
Background
The measuring environment is generated, in road bridge buildings and municipal engineering construction buildings, the construction sites are often not square and upright, many places are narrow and are in strip-shaped subsections, such as roads of streets, crosshole portal positions of mountain-crossing tunnels, inclined shaft positions of mountain-crossing tunnels, long and large bridge positions and the like, for example, when control points are arranged at urban stations, because the periphery of the control points are tall buildings and the open sites are limited, the arrangement of the control points can only achieve the through-view condition when the control points are arranged in strip-shaped points along the roads; in a narrow and long valley or when control points outside a construction hole of a long and large tunnel inclined shaft are arranged, due to the influence of mountains and dense forests, an open field is limited, the construction field is limited, in the measurement and setting-out process, only two control points can be arranged in the conventional measurement, when the number of the control points is two, a station is freely arranged in a region to be measured, a total station is erected at an unknown point, prisms are erected at the two points serving as rear viewpoints respectively, the total station can automatically calculate the coordinates of a measuring station, at the moment, redundant checking points do not exist, and the coordinate accuracy of the measuring station cannot be evaluated. If one control point is damaged, the construction measurement is forced to be terminated, the control points are required to be buried again, the control network measurement is carried out again, the construction time is wasted, the construction process is hindered, the paying-off efficiency is reduced, no redundant points are used for checking and measuring, and the lofting precision of the structure cannot be guaranteed.
At present, three control points are generally arranged in a control area in building construction, but due to the fact that a construction site is narrow and small, the control points are mostly distributed in a strip shape, the distance between the control points is too small, baseline resolving is unreasonable, the situation that the distance between adjacent points is larger than 400 meters cannot be met, networking observation and adjustment calculation cannot be carried out, and construction quality and progress are directly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a GPS positioning measurement method for control points in a building construction dense area aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1, laying known coordinate control points: four known coordinate control points are distributed on the periphery of the region to be measured, the four known coordinate control points are respectively marked as a GPS1, a GPS2, a GPS3 and a GPS4, the GPS1 and the GPS2 are distributed on the front side of the region to be measured, the GPS3 and the GPS4 are distributed on the rear side of the region to be measured, and the distance between any two points of the GPS1, the GPS2, the GPS3 and the GPS4 is about 2000-4000 meters;
step 2, networking in a time-sharing mode and numerical analysis, wherein the networking is an integrated network, the integrated network comprises a first network sub-network and a second network sub-network, the first network sub-network and the second network sub-network divide N time intervals equally for networking, N is 1, 2 … N, N is a positive integer, the time length of each time interval is 40-90 min, each time interval is a subnet, and the networking in the time-sharing mode and the numerical analysis both comprise the following steps:
step 201, performing time-interval networking synchronous observation on the first branch network comprises the following processes:
2011, erecting a first GPS receiver at each of the GPS1 and the GPS2, and then erecting two second GPS receivers in the area to be measured, where the position of each second GPS receiver is denoted as JM1' and JM2', wherein JM1' and JM2The distance between any two points is 300-400 m, and the GPS1, the GPS2 and the JM1' and JM2The method comprises the following steps that a network with a 1-time interval is formed, data collected by a first GPS receiver and a second GPS receiver are transmitted to a computer to be stored, and observation in the time interval is completed;
step 2012, when networking is performed in n time period, the time period sequence number is even number, JM2n-3' and JM2n-2' A first GPS receiver is respectively arranged at the position, and then JM2n-3' and JM2n-2Two second units are erected in the region to be measured on the front sideGPS receivers, each second GPS receiver is located at a position marked as JM2n-1And JM2nWherein JM2n-3’、JM2n-2’、JM2n-1And JM2nThe distance between any two points is 300-400 m, JM2n-3’、JM2n-2’、JM2n-1And JM2nForming a sub-network of n time periods, and transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage to finish the observation of the time periods;
when networking is carried out in n time periods, the time period serial number is odd, and JM2n-3And JM2n-2Respectively installing a first GPS receiver and then JM2n-3And JM2n-2Two second GPS receivers are erected in the area to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM2n-1' and JM2n', wherein, JM2n-3、JM2n-2、JM2n-1' and JM2n' the distance between any two points in the specification is 300-400 m, and JM2n-3、JM2n-2、JM2n-1' and JM2nForming a sub-network of n time periods, transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation of the time periods;
step 2013, repeating step 2012 for multiple times, if the point number of the encryption point ending in the region to be tested is JM2n-1' and JM2n' then the point number of the end period networking is JM2n-1’、JM2n', GPS3, and GPS 4; if the point number of the encryption point ending in the area to be detected is JM2n-1And JM2nThe point number of the end period networking is JM2n-1、JM2nGPS3 and GPS 4; transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation in the time period;
step 202, performing time-interval networking synchronous observation on the second sub-network comprises the following processes:
step 2021, erecting one first GPS receiver at GPS1 and GPS2, and then erecting two second GPS receivers in the area to be measured, where the position of each second GPS receiver is denoted as JM1And JM2Wherein JM1And JM2The distance between any two points is 300-400 m, and the GPS1, the GPS2 and the JM are1And JM2Forming a sub-network of 1 time period, transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation of the time period;
step 2022, when networking is performed in n time periods, the time period serial number is even, JM2n-3And JM2n-2Respectively installing a first GPS receiver and then JM2n-3And JM2n-2Two second GPS receivers are erected in the area to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM2n-1' and JM2n', wherein, JM2n-3、JM2n-2、JM2n-1' and JM2n' the distance between any two points in the specification is 300-400 m, and JM2n-3、JM2n-2、JM2n-1' and JM2nForming a sub-network of n time periods, transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation of the time periods;
when networking is carried out in n time periods, the time period serial number is odd, and JM2n-3' and JM2n-2' A first GPS receiver is respectively arranged at the position, and then JM2n-3' and JM2n-2Two second GPS receivers are erected in the region to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM2n-1And JM2nWherein JM2n-3’、JM2n-2’、JM2n-1And JM2nThe distance between any two points is 300-400 m, JM2n-3’、JM2n-2’、JM2n-1And JM2nForming a sub-network of n time periods, and transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage to finish the observation of the time periods;
step 2023, repeat step 2022 many times, if the point number of the encryption point ending in the region to be tested is JM2n-1' and JM2n' then the point number of the end period networking is JM2n-1’、JM2n', GPS3, and GPS 4; if the point number of the encryption point ending in the area to be detected is JM2n-1And JM2nThen at the end ofPoint number of section networking is JM2n-1、JM2nGPS3 and GPS 4; transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation in the time period;
step 3, all the data stored in the step 2 are combined into the same network to carry out numerical value analysis by adopting a conventional method to obtain JM1’、JM2’、…JMm’、JM1、JM2、…JMmThe position coordinates of (a);
step 4, lofting of the plane position of the lofting point: according to the JM obtained in step 31And JM1’、JM2And JM2’…JMmAnd JMmThe position coordinates of the' adopt the conventional method to loft the plane position of the lofting point, and the coordinate control point and the JM are known1And JM1’、JM2And JM2’…JMmAnd JMm' the position is provided with an observation pier for erecting a first GPS receiver or a second GPS receiver, a total station is adopted to loft the plane position of a lofting point, and a JM (JM) station is arranged on the total station1For measuring sites JM2And JM2' rear view, JM1' is a site measurement JM2And JM2' is a rear view point, or is erected at any point of the region to be measured and carries out rear intersection by using four points.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design and low input cost, an optimized measurement scheme is implemented in a narrow construction site, more than four control points which can be used for setting stations in a construction area are provided, the total station can be flexibly used by setting the stations through known rear view points or rear intersection and the like, redundant third points are used for lofting and checking, the position of one control point is deviated, the subsequent lofting point checking is quickly found, the area to be measured can be covered and networked through the network division, the generation of invalid control points is avoided, and the accuracy of the lofting points is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of control points of the present invention, and a rectangular dotted line is a region to be measured.
In the figure, GPS1, GPS2, GPS3 and GPS4 are designed starting points and known coordinate points, JM1、JM1′、JM2、JM2′、JM3、JM3′、JMnAnd JMn' is unknown point, JM1 and JM1 ' are a pair of points, JM2 and JM2 ' are a pair of points, JM1 to JM2, JM1 to JM2 ', JM1 ' to JM2 and JM1 ' to JM2 ' 300 to 400 m.
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of a first sub-network according to the present invention, and a rectangular dotted line is a region to be measured.
The figure is illustrated by 8 control points encrypted by one measuring region, GPS1, GPS2, GPS3 and GPS4 are starting points provided by design, JM1′、JM2′、JM3And JM4For the unknown point of this measurement networking observation, JM1、JM2、JM3' and JM4' not the distribution of measurement points for net one.
FIG. 3 is a schematic layout diagram of a second sub-network of the present invention, and a rectangular dotted line is a region to be measured.
The figure is illustrated by 8 control points encrypted by one measuring region, GPS1, GPS2, GPS3 and GPS4 are starting points provided by design, JM1、JM2、JM3' and JM4' for the unknown point of this measurement networking observation, JM1′、JM2′、JM3And JM4The measurement points are not distributed in the second sub-network.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the integrated network of the present invention, and the rectangular dotted line is the region to be measured.
The figure is illustrated by 8 control points encrypted by one measuring region, GPS1, GPS2, GPS3 and GPS4 are starting points provided by design, JM1、JM1′、JM2、JM2′、JM3、JM3′、JM4、JM4' are all unknown points of measurement networking.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Step 1, laying known coordinate control points: four known coordinate control points are distributed on the periphery of the area to be measured, the four known coordinate control points are respectively marked as a GPS1, a GPS2, a GPS3 and a GPS4, the GPS1 and the GPS2 are distributed on the front side of the area to be measured, the GPS3 and the GPS4 are distributed on the rear side of the area to be measured, the distance from the GPS1 to the GPS2 is 2500 m, the distance from the GPS1 to the GPS4 is 4000 m, the distance from the GPS2 to the GPS3 is 3800 m, and the distance from the GPS3 to the GPS4 is 2800 m;
step 2, networking in a time-sharing mode and numerical analysis, wherein the networking is an integrated network, the integrated network comprises a first sub-network and a second sub-network, the first sub-network and the second sub-network are both networked in 5 time intervals, N is 1 and 2 … 5, the time of each time interval is 60min, each time interval is a subnet, and the networking in the time-sharing mode and the numerical analysis both comprise the following steps:
step 201, performing time-interval networking synchronous observation on the first branch network comprises the following processes:
2011, during time interval networking, a first GPS receiver is respectively erected at the GPS1 and the GPS2, then two second GPS receivers are erected in the area to be measured, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM1' and JM2', wherein JM1' and JM2' the distance between any two points is not less than 300m, GPS1, GPS2, JM1' and JM2The method comprises the following steps that a network with a 1-time interval is formed, data collected by a first GPS receiver and a second GPS receiver are transmitted to a computer to be stored, and observation in the time interval is completed;
step 2012, when networking is performed in 2 time periods, the time period sequence number is 2, JM1' and JM2' A first GPS receiver is respectively arranged at the position, and then JM1' and JM2Two second GPS receivers are erected in the region to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM3And JM4Wherein JM1’、JM2’、JM3And JM4The distance between any two points is not less than 300m, JM1’、JM2’、JM3And JM4Forming a sub-network of 2 time periods, transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation of the time period;
time interval sequence number in 3-time interval networkingIs 3, JM3And JM4Respectively installing a first GPS receiver and then JM3And JM4Two second GPS receivers are erected in the area to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM5' and JM6', wherein, JM3、JM4、JM5' and JM6' the distance between any two points is not less than 300m, JM3、JM4、JM5' and JM6The method comprises the steps that a 3-time-period sub-network is formed, data collected by a first GPS receiver and a second GPS receiver are transmitted to a computer to be stored, and observation in the time period is completed;
4, JM when networking in 4 time period5' and JM6' A first GPS receiver is respectively arranged at the position, and then JM5' and JM6Two second GPS receivers are erected in the region to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM7And JM8Wherein JM5’、JM6’、JM7And JM8The distance between any two points is not less than 300m, JM5’、JM6’、JM7And JM8Forming a sub-network with 4 time periods, and transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage to finish the observation in the time period;
step 2013, the point number of the encryption point ending in the area to be detected is JM7And JM8If the point number of the end period networking is JM7、JM8The GPS3 and the GPS4 are used for transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to the computer for storage, and finishing the observation in the time period;
step 202, performing time-interval networking synchronous observation on the second sub-network comprises the following processes:
step 2021, erecting one first GPS receiver at GPS1 and GPS2, and then erecting two second GPS receivers in the area to be measured, where the position of each second GPS receiver is denoted as JM1And JM2Wherein JM1And JM2The distance between any two points is not less than 300m, and the GPS1 and GPS2、JM1And JM2Forming a sub-network of 1 time period, transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation of the time period;
step 2022, when networking is performed in 2 time periods, the time period serial number is 2, JM1And JM2Respectively installing a first GPS receiver and then JM1And JM2Two second GPS receivers are erected in the area to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM3' and JM4', wherein, JM1、JM2、JM3' and JM4' the distance between any two points is not less than 300m, JM1、JM2、JM3' and JM4The method comprises the following steps of' forming a sub-network with 2 time periods, transmitting data collected by a first GPS receiver and a second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing observation in the time period;
when networking is carried out in 3 time periods, the time period serial number is 3, JM3' and JM4' A first GPS receiver is respectively arranged at the position, and then JM3' and JM4Two second GPS receivers are erected in the region to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM5And JM6Wherein JM3’、JM4’、JM5And JM6The distance between any two points is not less than 300m, JM3’、JM4’、JM5And JM6Forming a sub-network of 3 time periods, transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation of the time periods;
4, JM when networking in 4 time period5And JM6Respectively installing a first GPS receiver and then JM5And JM6Two second GPS receivers are erected in the area to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM7' and JM8', wherein, JM5、JM6、JM7' and JM8' the distance between any two points is not less than 300m, JM5、JM6、JM7' and JM8The method comprises the steps that a network with 4 time periods is formed, data collected by a first GPS receiver and a second GPS receiver are transmitted to a computer to be stored, and observation in the time periods is completed;
step 2023, the point number of the encryption point ending in the area to be tested is JM7' and JM8', the point number of the end period networking is JM7’、JM8', the GPS3 and the GPS4, and the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver are transmitted to the computer for storage, and the observation of the time period is completed;
step 3, all the data stored in the step 2 are combined into the same network to carry out numerical value analysis by adopting a conventional method to obtain JM1、JM1’、JM2、JM2’、JM3、JM3’、JM4、JM4’、JM5、JM5’、JM6、JM6’、JM7、JM7’、JM8And JM8' position coordinates;
step 4, lofting of the plane position of the lofting point: according to the JM obtained in step 31、JM1’、JM2、JM2’、JM3、JM3’、JM4、JM4’、JM5、JM5’、JM6、JM6’、JM7、JM7’、JM8And JM8'the position coordinate of the' adopts a conventional method to loft the plane position of the lofting point, checks the measurement precision of the control network, and JM1、JM1’、JM2、JM2’、JM3、JM3’、JM4、JM4’、JM5、JM5’、JM6、JM6’、JM7、JM7’、JM8And JM8The' place is all provided with the observation mound that supplies to erect the instrument, is provided with on the observation mound and forces centering device, and the observation mound is concrete observation mound or steel observation mound, buries the central connection screw means that supplies the instrument to install on the platform of concrete observation mound, and central connection screw means chooses for use rust-resistant copper material, has increased the connectionThe durability of the screw device is characterized in that a GPS receiver is erected on an observation pier in the early stage, data acquisition is carried out in different periods, a total station is erected in the later stage to loft a construction area structure, and the function of setting stations at known points of the total station is utilized to carry out lofting on adjacent four-point JM1、JM1’、JM2、JM2' Flexible use, Total station erection Point JM1JM (JM)2' and JM2Setting station as rear view point, similarly at JM1' standing, later treating as JM2' and JM2(ii) a At JM2' standing, later treating as JM1' and JM1(ii) a At JM2Setting up a station and then considering as JM1' and JM1Redundant observation is carried out when the plane position of the lofting point is lofted, and JM is flexibly used1、JM1’、JM2And JM2' standing at four locations; homologue adjacent four points having JM2、JM2’、JM3、JM3’......JM7、JM7’、JM8And JM8' lofting the plane position of a lofting point by using the function of crossing and setting stations behind a total station, erecting the total station at any point of a region to be measured, and selecting an observation JM according to the erection position of the instrument1、JM1’、JM2、JM2’、JM3、JM3’，JM8And JM8Any three adjacent points in the method are subjected to backward intersection to set stations, lofting is carried out on other points, the resolving precision of the set stations is verified, and the data lofting precision is guaranteed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The GPS positioning measurement method for the control points of the building construction dense area is characterized by adopting the technical scheme comprising the following steps:
step 1, laying known coordinate control points: four known coordinate control points are distributed on the periphery of the region to be measured, the four known coordinate control points are respectively marked as a GPS1, a GPS2, a GPS3 and a GPS4, the GPS1 and the GPS2 are distributed on the front side of the region to be measured, the GPS3 and the GPS4 are distributed on the rear side of the region to be measured, and the distance between any two points of the GPS1, the GPS2, the GPS3 and the GPS4 is about 2000-4000 meters;
step 2, networking in a time-sharing mode and numerical analysis, wherein the networking is an integrated network, the integrated network comprises a first network sub-network and a second network sub-network, the first network sub-network and the second network sub-network divide N time intervals equally for networking, N is 1, 2 … N, N is a positive integer, the time length of each time interval is 40-90 min, each time interval is a subnet, and the networking in the time-sharing mode and the numerical analysis both comprise the following steps:
step 201, performing time-interval networking synchronous observation on the first branch network comprises the following processes:
2011, erecting a first GPS receiver at each of the GPS1 and the GPS2, and then erecting two second GPS receivers in the area to be measured, where the position of each second GPS receiver is denoted as JM1' and JM2', wherein JM1' and JM2The distance between any two points is 300-400 m, and the GPS1, the GPS2 and the JM1' and JM2The method comprises the following steps that a network with a 1-time interval is formed, data collected by a first GPS receiver and a second GPS receiver are transmitted to a computer to be stored, and observation in the time interval is completed;
step 2012, when networking is performed in n time period, the time period sequence number is even number, JM2n-3' and JM2n-2' A first GPS receiver is respectively arranged at the position, and then JM2n-3' and JM2n-2Two second GPS receivers are erected in the region to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM2n-1And JM2nWherein JM2n-3’、JM2n-2’、JM2n-1And JM2nThe distance between any two points is 300-400 m, JM2n-3’、JM2n-2’、JM2n-1And JM2nForming a sub-network of n time periods, and transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage to finish the observation of the time periods;
when networking is carried out in n time periods, the time period serial number is odd, and JM2n-3And JM2n-2Respectively installing a first GPS receiver and then JM2n-3And JM2n-2Two second GPS receivers are erected in the area to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM2n-1' and JM2n', wherein, JM2n-3、JM2n-2、JM2n-1' and JM2n' the distance between any two points in the specification is 300-400 m, and JM2n-3、JM2n-2、JM2n-1' and JM2nForming a sub-network of n time periods, transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation of the time periods;
step 2013, repeating step 2012 for multiple times, if the point number of the encryption point ending in the region to be tested is JM2n-1' and JM2n' then the point number of the end period networking is JM2n-1’、JM2n', GPS3, and GPS 4; if the point number of the encryption point ending in the area to be detected is JM2n-1And JM2nThe point number of the end period networking is JM2n-1、JM2nGPS3 and GPS 4; transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation in the time period;
step 202, performing time-interval networking synchronous observation by a second networking device comprises the following processes:
step 2021, erecting one first GPS receiver at GPS1 and GPS2, and then erecting two second GPS receivers in the area to be measured, where the position of each second GPS receiver is denoted as JM1And JM2Wherein JM1And JM2The distance between any two points is 300-400 m, and the GPS1, the GPS2 and the JM are1And JM2Forming a sub-network of 1 time period, transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation of the time period;
step 2022, when networking is performed in n time periods, the time period serial number is even, JM2n-3And JM2n-2Respectively installing a first GPS receiver and then JM2n-3And JM2n-2Two second GPS receivers are erected in the area to be measured on the front side, wherein each second GPS receiver is arranged on the front sideMarking the position of the two GPS receivers as JM2n-1' and JM2n', wherein, JM2n-3、JM2n-2、JM2n-1' and JM2n' the distance between any two points in the specification is 300-400 m, and JM2n-3、JM2n-2、JM2n-1' and JM2nForming a sub-network of n time periods, transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation of the time periods;
when networking is carried out in n time periods, the time period serial number is odd, and JM2n-3' and JM2n-2' A first GPS receiver is respectively arranged at the position, and then JM2n-3' and JM2n-2Two second GPS receivers are erected in the region to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM2n-1And JM2nWherein JM2n-3’、JM2n-2’、JM2n-1And JM2nThe distance between any two points is 300-400 m, JM2n-3’、JM2n-2’、JM2n-1And JM2nForming a sub-network of n time periods, and transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage to finish the observation of the time periods;
step 2023, repeat step 2022 many times, if the point number of the encryption point ending in the region to be tested is JM2n-1' and JM2n' then the point number of the end period networking is JM2n-1’、JM2n', GPS3, and GPS 4; if the point number of the encryption point ending in the area to be detected is JM2n-1And JM2nThe point number of the end period networking is JM2n-1、JM2nGPS3 and GPS 4; transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation in the time period;
step 3, all the data stored in the step 2 are combined into the same network to carry out numerical value analysis by adopting a conventional method to obtain JM1’、JM2’、…JMm’、JM1、JM2、…JMmThe position coordinates of (a);
step 4, lofting of the plane position of the lofting point: according to the stepsJM obtained in 31And JM1’、JM2And JM2’…JMmAnd JMmThe position coordinates of the' adopt the conventional method to loft the plane position of the lofting point, and the coordinate control point and the JM are known1And JM1’、JM2And JM2’…JMmAnd JMm' the position is provided with an observation pier for erecting a first GPS receiver or a second GPS receiver, a total station is adopted to loft the plane position of a lofting point, and a JM (JM) station is arranged on the total station1For measuring sites JM2And JM2' rear view, JM1' is a site measurement JM2And JM2' is a rear view point, or is erected at any point of the region to be measured and carries out rear intersection by using four points.
2. The GPS positioning and measuring method for the control points of the building construction dense area according to claim 1, characterized in that:
step 1, laying known coordinate control points: four known coordinate control points are distributed on the periphery of the area to be measured, the four known coordinate control points are respectively marked as a GPS1, a GPS2, a GPS3 and a GPS4, the GPS1 and the GPS2 are distributed on the front side of the area to be measured, the GPS3 and the GPS4 are distributed on the rear side of the area to be measured, the distance from the GPS1 to the GPS2 is 2500 m, the distance from the GPS1 to the GPS4 is 4000 m, the distance from the GPS2 to the GPS3 is 3800 m, and the distance from the GPS3 to the GPS4 is 2800 m;
step 2, networking in a time-sharing mode and numerical analysis, wherein the networking is an integrated network, the integrated network comprises a first sub-network and a second sub-network, the first sub-network and the second sub-network are both networked in 5 time intervals, N is 1 and 2 … 5, the time of each time interval is 60min, each time interval is a subnet, and the networking in the time-sharing mode and the numerical analysis both comprise the following steps:
step 201, performing time-interval networking synchronous observation on the first branch network comprises the following processes:
2011, erecting a first GPS receiver at each of the GPS1 and the GPS2, and then erecting two second GPS receivers in the area to be measured, where the position of each second GPS receiver is denoted as JM1' and JM2', wherein JM1' and JM2' two points at willThe distance between the GPS1 and the GPS2 is not less than 300m, and the JM1' and JM2The method comprises the following steps that a network with a 1-time interval is formed, data collected by a first GPS receiver and a second GPS receiver are transmitted to a computer to be stored, and observation in the time interval is completed;
step 2012, when networking is performed in 2 time periods, the time period sequence number is 2, JM1' and JM2' A first GPS receiver is respectively arranged at the position, and then JM1' and JM2Two second GPS receivers are erected in the region to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM3And JM4Wherein JM1’、JM2’、JM3And JM4The distance between any two points is not less than 300m, JM1’、JM2’、JM3And JM4Forming a sub-network of 2 time periods, transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation of the time period;
when networking is carried out in 3 time periods, the time period serial number is 3, JM3And JM4Respectively installing a first GPS receiver and then JM3And JM4Two second GPS receivers are erected in the area to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM5' and JM6', wherein, JM3、JM4、JM5' and JM6' the distance between any two points is not less than 300m, JM3、JM4、JM5' and JM6The method comprises the steps that a 3-time-period sub-network is formed, data collected by a first GPS receiver and a second GPS receiver are transmitted to a computer to be stored, and observation in the time period is completed;
4, JM when networking in 4 time period5' and JM6' A first GPS receiver is respectively arranged at the position, and then JM5' and JM6Two second GPS receivers are erected in the region to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM7And JM8Wherein JM5’、JM6’、JM7And JM8The distance between any two points is not less than 300m, JM5’、JM6’、JM7And JM8Forming a sub-network with 4 time periods, and transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage to finish the observation in the time period;
step 2013, the point number of the encryption point ending in the area to be detected is JM7And JM8If the point number of the end period networking is JM7、JM8The GPS3 and the GPS4 are used for transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to the computer for storage, and finishing the observation in the time period;
step 202, performing time-interval networking synchronous observation on the second sub-network comprises the following processes:
step 2021, erecting one first GPS receiver at GPS1 and GPS2, and then erecting two second GPS receivers in the area to be measured, where the position of each second GPS receiver is denoted as JM1And JM2Wherein JM1And JM2The distance between any two points is not less than 300m, GPS1, GPS2 and JM1And JM2Forming a sub-network of 1 time period, transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation of the time period;
step 2022, when networking is performed in 2 time periods, the time period serial number is 2, JM1And JM2Respectively installing a first GPS receiver and then JM1And JM2Two second GPS receivers are erected in the area to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM3' and JM4', wherein, JM1、JM2、JM3' and JM4' the distance between any two points is not less than 300m, JM1、JM2、JM3' and JM4The method comprises the following steps of' forming a sub-network with 2 time periods, transmitting data collected by a first GPS receiver and a second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing observation in the time period;
when networking is carried out in 3 time periods, the time period serial number is 3, JM3' and JM4' A first GPS receiver is respectively arranged at the position, and then JM3' and JM4' in the area to be measured on the front sideTwo second GPS receivers are erected, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM5And JM6Wherein JM3’、JM4’、JM5And JM6The distance between any two points is not less than 300m, JM3’、JM4’、JM5And JM6Forming a sub-network of 3 time periods, transmitting the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver to a computer for storage, and finishing the observation of the time periods;
4, JM when networking in 4 time period5And JM6Respectively installing a first GPS receiver and then JM5And JM6Two second GPS receivers are erected in the area to be detected on the front side, and the position of each second GPS receiver is marked as JM7' and JM8', wherein, JM5、JM6、JM7' and JM8' the distance between any two points is not less than 300m, JM5、JM6、JM7' and JM8The method comprises the steps that a network with 4 time periods is formed, data collected by a first GPS receiver and a second GPS receiver are transmitted to a computer to be stored, and observation in the time periods is completed;
step 2023, the point number of the encryption point ending in the area to be tested is JM7' and JM8', the point number of the end period networking is JM7’、JM8', the GPS3 and the GPS4, and the data collected by the first GPS receiver and the second GPS receiver are transmitted to the computer for storage, and the observation of the time period is completed;
step 3, all the data stored in the step 2 are combined into the same network to carry out numerical value analysis by adopting a conventional method to obtain JM1、JM1’、JM2、JM2’、JM3、JM3’、JM4、JM4’、JM5、JM5’、JM6、JM6’、JM7、JM7’、JM8And JM8' position coordinates;
step 4, lofting of the plane position of the lofting point: according to the JM obtained in step 31、JM1’、JM2、JM2’、JM3、JM3’、JM4、JM4’、JM5、JM5’、JM6、JM6’、JM7、JM7’、JM8And JM8'the position coordinate of the' adopts a conventional method to loft the plane position of the lofting point, checks the measurement precision of the control network, and JM1、JM1’、JM2、JM2’、JM3、JM3’、JM4、JM4’、JM5、JM5’、JM6、JM6’、JM7、JM7’、JM8And JM8The' department all is provided with the observation mound that supplies to erect the instrument, be provided with on the observation mound and force centering device, the observation mound is concrete observation mound or steel observation mound, bury the central connection screw who supplies the measuring instrument installation on the platform of concrete observation mound, central connection screw chooses rust-resistant copper material for use, the durability of connecting screw has been increased, the early stage erects the GPS receiver on the observation mound, the time-sharing carries out data acquisition, the later stage erects the total powerstation and treats the interior structure of surveying area and loft the use, the function of utilizing the known point of total powerstation to set a station is to adjacent four point JM1、JM1’、JM2、JM2' Flexible use, Total station erection Point JM1JM (JM)2' and JM2Setting station as rear view point, similarly at JM1' standing, later treating as JM2' and JM2(ii) a At JM2' standing, later treating as JM1' and JM1(ii) a At JM2Setting up a station and then considering as JM1' and JM1Redundant observation is carried out when the plane position of the lofting point is lofted, and JM is flexibly used1、JM1’、JM2And JM2' standing at four locations; homologue adjacent four points having JM2、JM2’、JM3、JM3’......JM7、JM7’、JM8And JM8' lofting the plane position of a lofting point by using the function of setting a station at the rear intersection of a total station, wherein the total station is erected onSelecting observation JM at any point of the area to be measured according to the erection position of the instrument1、JM1’、JM2、JM2’、JM3、JM3’…JM8And JM8Any three adjacent points in the method are subjected to backward intersection to set stations, lofting is carried out on other points, the resolving precision of the set stations is verified, and the data lofting precision is guaranteed.
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| CN110057245B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2021-06-04 | 中国人民解放军63883部队 | High-precision lofting method for shooting datum |
| CN112161613B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2022-03-11 | 中国葛洲坝集团第一工程有限公司 | Highway engineering control and measurement method |
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| CN116399311B (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2024-07-05 | 上海同增规划建筑设计事务所有限公司 | Measuring device for building planning design application |
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