A kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper
Technical field
The invention belongs to the architectural engineering construction technique field, be specifically related to a kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper.
Background technology
Building engineering construction is measured the process through whole building operation, and setting out method and precision all play a very important role construction engineering quality and project progress.
Construction lofting is the planimetric position of engineering works on the design drawing and elevation, surveys the surveying work that is set to get on the spot with certain surveying instrument and method, also is called the construction line-putting.Construction lofting is specifically according to the design size of buildings, find out the geometric relationship of position between buildings each several part unique point and the reference mark, calculate to get the setting out datas such as distance, angle, elevation, then utilize the reference mark, make the layout point for the treatment of of buildings on the spot, and accordingly construction.
At present, construction survey work is generally separately carried out plane and elevation in the construction work.In high-building construction, the common method of datum plane transmission has: sash weight method, transit are tiltedly thrown survey method, laser optical method, longitude and latitude zenith instrument and nadir instrument Vertical method etc.Wherein the sash weight method is comparatively traditional method, have equipment characteristics simple, easy and simple to handle, but precision is lower, the factor affecting such as easy climate, wind during test; It is higher, easy and simple to handle that transit is tiltedly thrown survey method precision, and measuring speed is very fast, should not be greater than 45 ° but throw to survey the inclination angle, otherwise will cause larger error, and be not suitable for the testing of high-rise, simultaneously testing work and precision are subjected to weather effect larger, should not operation under the bad climates such as wind and rain mist; Laser optical method, longitude and latitude zenith instrument and these several Zhang Fangfa of nadir instrument Vertical method have the measuring accuracy height, method is easy, the advantage that measuring speed is fast, it is present stage skyscraper common method, but need to reserve observation port and keep observation port unimpeded in each aspect, when unsighted, surpass certain altitude or natural conditions when not good, testing just can't be carried out, and limitation is larger.
As from the foregoing, the application of the construction survey method of routine building in skyscraper or high-rise building difficulty satisfy code requirement and measuring accuracy.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is according to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper is provided, this locating measurement method calculates the concrete coordinate of floor reference mark in construction coordinate system by the GPS receiver, and sight by total powerstation and to treat the particular location of layout point on the floor end face, to reach the purpose of accurate measurement and setting-out.
The object of the invention realizes being finished by following technical scheme:
A kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper, the concrete planimetric position setting-out for the treatment of layout point for definite skyscraper random layer, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: 1. on the peripheral ground, district of surveying of skyscraper the reference mark, survey district of at least two known coordinates being set, and on the skyscraper top layer, be tagged to arbitrarily floor reference mark A and the B of few two unknown coordinates; When 2. constructing, respectively at reference mark, described survey district and floor reference mark A and B set up GPS receiver and centering, open simultaneously described GPS receiver, simultaneous observation 30~45 minutes; 3. gather the observation data on the described GPS receiver and transfer to computing machine and carry out Baselines and compensating computation, the coordinate in construction coordinate system of described floor reference mark A and B is counted to get in survey district control by described known coordinate, simultaneously with described floor reference mark A and B the coordinates transmission in construction coordinate system to total powerstation; 4. set up total powerstation at described floor end face, the employing known point establishes the station or the Free Station method all can; 5. the coordinate of layout point in construction coordinate system treated in input in described total powerstation, finds the coordinate for the treatment of layout point accurately and uses laser designation by described total powerstation, marks described exact position for the treatment of layout point at described laser designation point place groove at last.
Bury concrete or steel structure observation pier with forced centering apparatus on the reference mark, described survey district underground, described GPS receiver fixed mount is located on the described observation pier.
Reference mark, described survey district covers whole construction area, and the distance between survey reference mark, district and described skyscraper is greater than 300 meters.
As described floor reference mark A and B the particular location on floor selected after, aim at described floor reference mark and spray paint or bury the usefulness of cement steel nail to make a check mark underground.
Step is set up when adopting known point to establish the station method when described total powerstation in 4., described total powerstation is placed in A place, floor reference mark, and a prism holder is located at B place, floor reference mark, so that described total station instrument coordinate system is consistent with the coordinate of construction system.
Described total powerstation setting out method adopts polar method.
The total powerstation of step described in 4. sets up the employing Freedom Station, described total powerstation is erected at the arbitrfary point place of described floor end face, and by the distance between measuring and calculating and described floor reference mark A and the B to calculate the some coordinate in construction coordinate system that sets up of total powerstation.
Advantage of the present invention is not limited by the floor observation port; Precision of control point is high, and error can totally not transmitted; Realize digital intelligent measurement, setting-out, reduced personal error; Simultaneously the setting-out target is automatically sighted and laser designation is arranged; Easy and simple to handle, work efficiency is higher, and the expansion usability of this method is strong, can be used in other different engineering projects.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is construction area planimetric map of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the floor map of measuring floor reference mark coordinate time among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the work synoptic diagram of measuring floor reference mark coordinate time among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the observation pier synoptic diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is spraying marking plate of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is floor layout point synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is construction coordinate system and the axis coordinate system among the present invention;
Fig. 8 is that the total powerstation known point among the present invention is established station method synoptic diagram;
Fig. 9 is the polar coordinates setting out method synoptic diagram among the present invention;
Figure 10 is that the floor template line is adjusted the setting-out synoptic diagram among the present invention;
Figure 11 is the Free Station with Total Station electronic Thacheometer method synoptic diagram among the present invention.
Embodiment
Feature of the present invention and other correlated characteristic are described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, so that technician's of the same trade understanding:
Such as Fig. 1-11, mark 1-11 is respectively among the figure: floor end face 1, GPS receiver 2, GPS receiver 3, GPS receiver 4, GPS receiver 5, forced centering instrument 6, observation pier 7, marking plate 8, layout point 9, total powerstation 10, prism 11.
Embodiment one: as shown in Figure 1, present embodiment is specifically related to a kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper take Shanghai Pujiang affordable housing PC project as example.Before project came into effect, mapping authoritative institution was specially GPS1, GPS2, GPS3 and GPS4 for this project provides four at reference mark, measuring high-grade survey district, and described four distributions of surveying the reference mark, district have covered whole construction area.
Shown in Fig. 2-9, the realization of present embodiment specifically comprises the steps:
1. at first choose 2 reference mark, survey district as the skyscraper periphery of GPS1 and GPS2, and on the floor end face 1 of skyscraper arbitrarily floor reference mark A and the B of two unknown coordinates of mark, wherein these two survey district reference mark coordinates are known, authoritative institution provides by Surveying And Mapping Institute, and floor reference mark A and B should be laid in the place of mutual intervisibility as far as possible.
2. set up observation pier 7 at survey district reference mark GPS1 and GPS2 place thereafter, the material of observation pier 7 can be selected reinforced concrete structure or steel structure, top at observation pier 7 is provided with GPS receiver 4 and GPS receiver 5, be provided with forced centering instrument 6 between described GPS receiver and the observation pier 7, in order to the forced centering to GPS receiver 4 and GPS receiver 5; Adopt simultaneously the triangle marking plate 8 of a hollow out and spray paint on floor end face 1 in order to mark floor reference mark A and B, perhaps adopt and bury the usefulness of cement steel nail to make a check mark underground, after floor reference mark A and B are labeled, set up GPS receiver 2 and GPS receiver 3 thereon.Wherein the GPS receiver adopts come card GPS dual-frequency receiver, and its nominal accuracy reaches 3mm+0.5ppm.
3. open described GPS receiver 2, GPS receiver 3, GPS receiver 4 and GPS receiver 5, carry out simultaneously static observation, the simultaneous observation time is about 30 minutes, then the data transmission that described four GPS receivers is observed to computing machine uses Leica Geo Office software to carry out baseline and processes and compensating computation, calculate the coordinate of floor reference mark A and B by the known coordinate of surveying district reference mark GPS1 and GPS2, it is converted to the planimetric coordinates in construction coordinate system and transfers in the total powerstation.
4. the height value of using tradition to hang steel ruler method pilot measurement floor end face 1.
5. adopt known point to establish the station method and set up total powerstation 10 at floor end face 1: total powerstation 10 is erected at floor reference mark A on the floor end face 1, prism 11 is erected at floor reference mark B on the floor end face 1, finish establish stand firm to, matching step is the height value of the floor end face 1 of middle pilot measurement 4., make the coordinate system of total powerstation 10 hold consistent with the construction coordinate system blanket insurance, that wherein total powerstation 10 adopts is high-precision total powerstation come card TS30, and its angle measurement accuracy is 0.5 ", distance accuracy is 1mm+1ppm.
6. the layout point for the treatment of on the floor end face 1 is specially each post central point, according to construction design drawing, calculate the centre coordinate (being the coordinate of layout point 9) of each post on the floor end face 1 by come card COGO program, use the approach such as CF card or data line that the coordinate of layout point 9 in construction coordinate system is uploaded in the total powerstation 10.If floor does not have special variation, the coordinate of ground floor layout point 9 (being the post centre coordinate) can be continued to use the every aspect to this building.
7. setting-out: polar method is adopted in setting-out, floor reference mark A, floor reference mark B and layout point 9 (namely the putting C) coordinate in construction coordinate system is known, therefore can calculate outlet calculate in advance grid bearing angle α, surveyed by floor reference mark A again and establish apart from namely putting C to layout point 9(), this calculating is finished in total powerstation 10 automatically; The total powerstation 10 poor △ Hz of real-time angles of display and range difference △ d during construction, total powerstation 10 goes to AC line direction automatically, mobile setting-out prism 11, layout point 9(point C when range difference △ d is 0) position on the spot corresponding to design coordinate, namely put C at layout point 9(this moment) located the red laser indication, conveniently orient layout point 9.
For reaching the high precision of measurement and positioning and setting-out, below be the item that in measurement and setting-out process, should be noted:
Surveying district's reference mark surrounding environment should be as far as possible open, guarantee elevation angle more than 15 ° without blocking; It is hard that the some position is buried quality underground, avoids the current crimps such as sedimentation and heavy vehicle; Leave 200 meters in hi-line, communication wireless transmit source.
The floor reference mark should be laid in the place of mutual intervisibility as far as possible, and frame website and layout point also should keep intervisibility as much as possible.
When carrying out the static raw data acquisition of GPS, the pylon driving should be avoided in the respective storey sky, is interfered to prevent gps satellite signal.
Embodiment two: as shown in figure 10, use the method among the embodiment one that the floor template line is adjusted setting-out, at first use the GPS receiver will survey floor reference mark A and the B of district's reference mark pilot measurement to the floor end face 1, then set up total powerstation 10, use the reference line program in the total powerstation that the physical location of template line is portrayed out, such as template line aa and bb among the figure, last workman adjusts masterplate to tram according to the portrayal line and namely finishes.
Embodiment three: as shown in figure 11, total powerstation 10 setting up on floor end face 1 adopts known point to establish the station method in embodiment one, will adopt Freedom Station in this enforcement.Floor reference mark A on the floor end face 1 and the planimetric coordinates of B have been measured with the height value of hanging the floor end face 1 of steel ruler pilot measurement and have been learnt, use the resection program in the total powerstation 10 to record the planimetric coordinates of total powerstation 10 in construction coordinate system, and finish synchronously the orientation of total powerstation 10; Consider that the height of instrument of directly measuring total powerstation 10 is not accurate enough, so use the elevation transmission procedure of total powerstation 10, the elevation of floor end face 1 is delivered to the center of total powerstation 10.So far total powerstation 10 is in the construction coordinate system, just can carry out thereafter the setting-out construction.