CN108761437B - Microwave photon full polarization radar detection method and microwave photon full polarization radar - Google Patents
Microwave photon full polarization radar detection method and microwave photon full polarization radar Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave photon full polarization radar detection method. It includes: 1. carrying out up-conversion processing on an optical carrier, a complex baseband signal and a radio frequency local oscillator signal in an optical domain to generate two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals and one path of optical reference signal; 2. respectively sending two paths of orthogonal radio frequency signals to a horizontal polarization antenna and a vertical polarization antenna, and simultaneously radiating two paths of orthogonal polarization electromagnetic waves to irradiate a target; receiving echoes of a target by using a horizontal and vertical polarization antenna to obtain two echo signals; 3. performing deskew and polarization response separation processing on the two echo signals and the optical reference signal in an optical domain to obtain four intermediate frequency analog electric signals respectively corresponding to four elements in a target polarization scattering matrix; 4. and processing the four paths of intermediate frequency analog electric signals to obtain target detection information. The invention also discloses a microwave photon fully-polarized radar. The invention can effectively solve the problems of limited bandwidth, complex structure and difficult instantaneous measurement of the fully-polarized radar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave photon new system radar system, in particular to a microwave photon fully-polarized radar detection method and a microwave photon fully-polarized radar.
Background
The radar is an important means for human beings to sense the environment by utilizing radio waves, and has wide application in the military and civil fields. In recent years, the fields of battlefield investigation, remote sensing mapping, environmental monitoring, unmanned driving and the like have great demands on high-resolution target detection and imaging, and the radar is required to have broadband working capacity. However, the conventional microwave technology has great challenges in realizing the functions of generating and processing broadband signals, and the like, and is difficult to meet the technical requirements of high-resolution radars. The microwave photon technology which is developed in recent years realizes the generation, processing and transmission of microwave signals by means of photonics, has the advantages of high frequency, broadband, low loss, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, and is an effective solution for breaking through the technical bottleneck of broadband radars. Microwave photon radar constructed based on microwave photon technology has become a research hotspot in the world at present, and the research results of distance measurement, speed measurement and synthetic aperture imaging by using the microwave photon radar prove the great advantages of the broadband microwave photon radar in the aspect of realizing high-resolution detection and imaging.
Besides target position parameters and speed information, the polarization response of the target also implies important target characteristics, and the method is favorable for realizing high-performance target identification and imaging. The polarization response here includes a change in the target reflection intensity with the polarization state of the probe wave, and a change in the polarization state of the target reflected wave with respect to the polarization state of the probe wave. According to the polarization decomposition principle, all information of the target polarization response can be derived by four elements in the polarization scattering matrix, namely horizontal polarization response under horizontal polarization detection, vertical polarization response under horizontal polarization detection, horizontal polarization response under vertical polarization detection and vertical polarization response under vertical polarization detection. When the traditional radar realizes full polarization detection, not only the signal bandwidth is limited, but also the system structure is more complex. Meanwhile, in order to avoid aliasing of polarization response, horizontal polarization waves and vertical polarization waves are generally required to be alternately transmitted, and two pulse periods are required for measuring the above four-direction polarization response, which is very unfavorable for obtaining transient polarization information. Therefore, it is necessary to research a broadband full-polarization radar detection method capable of simultaneously obtaining four elements in a polarization scattering matrix, and a full-polarization radar transceiver with a simplified structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide a microwave photon full polarization radar detection method, which realizes the simultaneous full polarization radar detection with large bandwidth through a compact microwave photon transceiver structure and can effectively solve the problems of bandwidth limitation, complex structure and difficulty in instantaneous measurement of the full polarization radar.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a microwave photon full polarization radar detection method comprises the following steps:
step 2, respectively sending two paths of orthogonal radio frequency signals to a horizontal polarization antenna and a vertical polarization antenna, and simultaneously radiating two paths of orthogonal polarization electromagnetic waves to irradiate a target; receiving echoes of a target by using a horizontal polarization antenna and a vertical polarization antenna to obtain two paths of echo signals;
step 3, performing deskew and polarization response separation processing on the obtained two echo signals and the optical reference signal in an optical domain to obtain four intermediate frequency analog electric signals respectively corresponding to four elements in a target polarization scattering matrix;
and 4, processing the four paths of intermediate frequency analog electric signals to obtain target detection information.
Preferably, the up-conversion processing is specifically as follows:
step 101, modulating the radio frequency local oscillation signal and the complex baseband signal to the optical carrier in two polarization states of X and Y, respectively, generating an optical signal component of the complex baseband signal in one polarization state, and generating optical sideband components of the two radio frequency local oscillation signals in the other polarization state;
step 102, superposing the modulated optical signals in the X and Y polarization states and then dividing the superposed optical signals into two paths, dividing one path of the superposed optical signals into two paths, removing optical side band components of a radio frequency local oscillator signal from each path respectively, and then converting the optical side band components into electric signals respectively, namely generating two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals; and the other path of superposed optical signal is used as the optical reference signal.
Further preferably, the step 101 is implemented by setting the polarization division multiplexing dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator to the local oscillation frequency multiplication mode or the local oscillation frequency non-multiplication mode, which is specifically as follows:
local oscillator frequency multiplication mode: two sub-modulators in one polarization state are biased to the maximum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased to the minimum point, and two modulation ports are respectively connected with two local oscillator signals with the phase difference of 90 degrees, which are generated after the radio frequency local oscillator signals pass through a 90-degree microwave bridge; the two sub-modulators on the other polarization state are both biased at the minimum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased at the orthogonal point, and the two modulation ports are respectively connected with I, Q two-path real signals decomposed by the complex baseband signals;
local oscillation frequency doubling mode: the two sub-modulators in one polarization state are biased at the minimum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased at any point, one of the two modulation ports is connected with the radio frequency local oscillator signal, and the other modulation port is connected with a matched load or not; the two sub-modulators in the other polarization state are both biased at the minimum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased at the orthogonal point, and the two modulation ports are respectively connected with I, Q two-path real signals decomposed by the complex baseband signals.
Further preferably, the one superimposed optical signal is divided into two paths, and each path removes an optical sideband component of a radio frequency local oscillator signal, which is specifically implemented by the following method: a1: 1 optical power divider is connected with two optical band-pass filters, or a multi-channel programmable optical filter, or an optical wavelength division multiplexing demultiplexer.
Preferably, the deskew and polarization response separation process is specifically as follows:
step 301, modulating signals received by the two antennas of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization to two polarization states of X and Y respectively to complete electro-optical conversion and optical domain deskew;
and 302, selecting a de-oblique sideband of the positive slope linear frequency modulation radio frequency signal and a de-oblique sideband of the negative slope linear frequency modulation radio frequency signal from the optical signals which are subjected to the electro-optical conversion and the optical domain de-oblique, and then respectively carrying out polarization demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion to obtain four paths of intermediate frequency analog electrical signals respectively corresponding to four elements in the target polarization scattering matrix.
The following technical scheme can be obtained according to the same invention concept:
a microwave photonic fully-polarized radar, comprising:
an optical domain signal up-conversion module for performing up-conversion processing on the optical carrier, the complex baseband signal and the radio frequency local oscillator signal in the optical domainGenerating two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals and one path of optical reference signal; the optical carrier wave has a frequency fcThe single tone optical signal of (a); the complex baseband signal is a linear frequency modulation signal with a frequency range of-B/2- + B/2 and a frequency modulation slope of k; the radio frequency local oscillation signal has a frequency fmThe single-tone radio frequency signal of (a); the two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals are taken as central frequency feA chirp signal having a bandwidth of B and a chirp rate of + -k, respectively, where feIs fmInteger multiples of; the optical reference signal is composed of cos (2 pi f)ct-2πfet)、cos(2πfct+πkt2)、cos(2πfct+2πfet) the three components are superposed;
the horizontal polarization antenna and the vertical polarization antenna are used for radiating two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals to form two paths of orthogonal polarized electromagnetic waves so as to irradiate a target and receiving echoes of the target to obtain two paths of echo signals;
the optical domain deskewing and polarization separation module is used for deskewing and polarization response separation processing on the two obtained echo signals and the optical reference signal in an optical domain to obtain four intermediate frequency analog electric signals respectively corresponding to four elements in a target polarization scattering matrix;
and the data processing module is used for processing the four paths of intermediate frequency analog electric signals to obtain target detection information.
Preferably, the optical domain signal up-conversion module includes:
the electro-optical modulation module is used for modulating the radio frequency local oscillator signal and the complex baseband signal to the optical carrier in two polarization states of X and Y respectively, generating an optical signal component of the complex baseband signal in one polarization state, and generating optical sideband components of the two radio frequency local oscillator signals in the other polarization state;
the polarization beam splitter is used for superposing the modulated light signals in the X polarization state and the Y polarization state and then dividing the superposed modulated light signals into two paths;
the optical processor is used for dividing one path of superposed optical signals output by the polarization beam splitter into two paths, and each path of superposed optical signals respectively removes an optical sideband component of a radio frequency local oscillation signal;
and the photoelectric conversion module is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the two paths of optical signals output by the optical processor.
Preferably, the electro-optical modulation module is a partial division multiplexing dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator set to a local oscillator frequency multiplication mode or a local oscillator frequency non-multiplication mode, and the local oscillator frequency multiplication mode and the local oscillator frequency non-multiplication mode are as follows: local oscillator frequency multiplication mode: two sub-modulators in one polarization state are biased to the maximum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased to the minimum point, and two modulation ports are respectively connected with two local oscillator signals with the phase difference of 90 degrees, which are generated after the radio frequency local oscillator signals pass through a 90-degree microwave bridge; the two sub-modulators on the other polarization state are both biased at the minimum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased at the orthogonal point, and the two modulation ports are respectively connected with I, Q two-path real signals decomposed by the complex baseband signals;
local oscillation frequency doubling mode: the two sub-modulators in one polarization state are biased at the minimum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased at any point, one of the two modulation ports is connected with the radio frequency local oscillator signal, and the other modulation port is connected with a matched load or not; the two sub-modulators in the other polarization state are both biased at the minimum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased at the orthogonal point, and the two modulation ports are respectively connected with I, Q two-path real signals decomposed by the complex baseband signals.
Preferably, the optical processor is specifically: a1: 1 optical power divider is connected with two optical band-pass filters, or a multi-channel programmable optical filter, or an optical wavelength division multiplexing demultiplexer.
Preferably, the optical domain deskewing and polarization separation module includes:
the electro-optical modulation module is used for respectively modulating signals received by the two antennas with horizontal polarization and vertical polarization on the two polarization states of X and Y onto the optical reference signal to complete electro-optical conversion and optical domain deskew;
the optical processor is used for selecting a de-tilt sideband of the positive slope linear frequency modulation radio frequency signal and a de-tilt sideband of the negative slope linear frequency modulation radio frequency signal from the optical signals which are subjected to electro-optical conversion and optical domain de-tilt;
the two polarization beam splitters are used for respectively carrying out polarization demultiplexing on a de-oblique side band of the positive slope linear frequency modulation radio frequency signal and a de-oblique side band of the negative slope linear frequency modulation radio frequency signal;
and the photoelectric conversion module is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the four paths of optical signals output by the two polarization beam splitters respectively to obtain four paths of intermediate frequency analog electrical signals respectively corresponding to four elements in the target polarization scattering matrix.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with a full-polarization radar based on a pure electronic technology, the full-polarization radar can generate and process signals with larger instantaneous bandwidth, and is favorable for realizing higher distance measurement and imaging resolution.
2. Compared with the existing microwave photon radar, the invention expands the detection dimension, can realize the acquisition of polarization response information, and does not obviously improve the complexity of the transceiver.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of a microwave photon fully-polarized radar of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the microwave photonic fully-polarized radar of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the input/output relationship of the optical processor A;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the input/output relationship of the optical processor B.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings:
aiming at the defects of the prior art, the method and the device have the idea that a compact microwave photon transceiver structure is designed, a polarization scattering matrix of a target under the same frequency band is obtained in a pulse period, and the instantaneous bandwidth required by high-resolution ranging and imaging is ensured.
Specifically, the microwave photon fully-polarized radar provided by the invention comprises:
an optical domain signal up-conversion module for transmitting optical carrier, complex baseband signal and radio frequencyThe local oscillator signal is subjected to up-conversion processing in an optical domain to generate two paths of radio frequency signals which are orthogonal with each other and one path of optical reference signal; the optical carrier wave has a frequency fcThe single tone optical signal of (a); the complex baseband signal is a linear frequency modulation signal with a frequency range of-B/2- + B/2 and a frequency modulation slope of k; the radio frequency local oscillation signal has a frequency fmThe single-tone radio frequency signal of (a); the two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals are taken as central frequency feA chirp signal having a bandwidth of B and a chirp rate of + -k, respectively, where feIs fmInteger multiples of; the optical reference signal is composed of cos (2 pi f)ct-2πfet)、cos(2πfct+πkt2)、cos(2πfct+2πfet) the three components are superposed;
the horizontal polarization antenna and the vertical polarization antenna are used for radiating two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals to form two paths of orthogonal polarized electromagnetic waves so as to irradiate a target and receiving echoes of the target to obtain two paths of echo signals;
the optical domain deskewing and polarization separation module is used for deskewing and polarization response separation processing on the two obtained echo signals and the optical reference signal in an optical domain to obtain four intermediate frequency analog electric signals respectively corresponding to four elements in a target polarization scattering matrix;
and the data processing module is used for processing the four paths of intermediate frequency analog electric signals to obtain target detection information.
The basic structure is shown in fig. 1, where an optical carrier output by a laser, a complex baseband signal generated by a baseband signal generator, and a radio frequency local oscillator signal output by a radio frequency local oscillator source are used as inputs of an optical domain signal up-conversion module, and the optical domain signal up-conversion module performs up-conversion processing on an input signal in an optical domain to generate two mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals and one optical reference signal. The optical carrier wave has a frequency fcThe single tone optical signal of (a); the complex baseband signal is a linear frequency modulation signal with a frequency range of-B/2- + B/2 and a frequency modulation slope of k; the radio frequency local oscillation signal has a frequency fmThe single-tone radio frequency signal of (a); the two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals are taken as central frequency feBandwidth of B, frequency modulation rampChirp signals of respective frequencies + -k, where feIs fmInteger multiples of; the optical reference signal is composed of cos (2 pi f)ct-2πfet)、cos(2πfct+πkt2)、cos(2πfct+2πfet) these three components are superimposed.
Two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals are respectively sent to a horizontal polarization H antenna and a vertical polarization V antenna after power amplification, the H antenna and the V antenna radiate two paths of orthogonal polarization electromagnetic waves to irradiate a target and receive echoes of the target to obtain two paths of echo signals.
Two paths of echo signals are input into an optical domain deskew and polarization separation module together with an optical reference signal after being amplified by low noise, and four paths of intermediate frequency analog electric signals S respectively corresponding to four elements in a target polarization scattering matrix are obtained after deskew and polarization response separation processing is carried out on an optical domainVV、SHV、SVH、SHH。
Will four ways of intermediate frequency analog electric signal SVV、SHV、SVH、SHHAnd after the analog-digital conversion is carried out to the digital signal, signal processing and storage are carried out to obtain target detection information.
To facilitate understanding of the public, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to a preferred embodiment.
The microwave photonic full-polarization radar in this embodiment is, as shown in fig. 2, composed of a baseband signal generation module, a radio frequency local oscillation source, an optical domain signal up-conversion module (including a laser, a 90 ° microwave bridge, a polarization controller, a polarization division multiplexing dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator, an optical processor a, and a photodetector), a radio frequency amplification and antenna module (including a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier, a horizontal polarization antenna, and a vertical polarization antenna), an optical domain deskew and polarization response separation module (including a polarization division multiplexing mach-zehnder modulator, an optical processor b, a polarization controller, a polarization beam splitter, and a photodetector), and an analog-to-digital conversion and digital signal processing and storage module. The optical processor may be implemented in various ways, such as a 1:1 optical power splitter connecting two optical bandpass filters, or a multi-channel programmable optical filter, or an optical wavelength division multiplexing demultiplexer.
First, an optical carrier is generated by a laser, and the center frequency of the optical carrier is set to fcThen the optical carrier can be represented as
Ec(t)＝cos(2πfct) (1)
The light carrier wave is modulated in intensity on two polarization states of X and Y by a polarization division multiplexing double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator. Two paths of modulation signals of X (the two polarization states of X and Y are interchangeable, and X is taken as an example for explanation) polarization states come from a baseband signal generation module and are respectively a real part and an imaginary part of a complex linear frequency modulation signal
SILFM(t)＝cos(πkt2) (2)
SQLFM(t)＝sin(πkt2) (3)
Where k is the chirp rate, k is not set to > 0. Adjusting the dc bias to bias both sub-modulators in the X polarization state to the minimum point and the combining arms of the sub-modulators to the orthogonal point, the output signal of the modulator in the X polarization state can be expressed as:
EX(t)∝cos(2πfct)×cos(πkt2)-sin(2πfct)×sin(πkt2) (4)
namely:
EX(t)∝cos(2πfct+πkt2) (5)
and the two paths of modulation signals in the other polarization state Y are radio frequency local oscillation signals generated by the microwave source. Wherein, in the local oscillator frequency multiplication mode, the frequency of the radio frequency local oscillator signal generated by the microwave source is feThe two sub-modulators are biased at the maximum point, the synthesis arms of the sub-modulators are biased at the minimum point, and two modulation ports are respectively connected with two paths of radio frequency local oscillation signals which are emitted by the microwave source and have 90-degree phase difference after passing through a 90-degree microwave bridge; and in the local oscillator non-frequency multiplication mode, the frequency of the radio frequency local oscillator signal generated by the microwave source is feThe two sub-modulators are biased at the minimum point, the synthesis arms of the sub-modulators are biased at any point, one of the two modulation ports is connected with a radio frequency local oscillator signal, and the other modulation port is connected with a matched load or not. This is achieved bySimilarly, the resulting signal in the Y polarization state in both modes can be expressed as:
EY(t)∝cos(2πfct+2πfet)+cos(2πfct-2πfet) (6)
modulated signal EX、EYThe signal is divided into two paths after passing through a polarization beam splitter, and one path is sent into an optical domain deskew and polarization response separation module to be used as a carrier wave of electro-optical conversion, namely an optical reference signal, which is marked as EPBS1(ii) a The other path is sent to the optical processor A for generating a transmitting signal, which is marked as EPBS2. If the polarization angle of the polarization beam splitter is 45 °, the two signals passing through the polarization beam splitter are represented by the formula (7):
EPBS2after passing through the optical processor a, the optical processor a is divided into two paths, and each path is respectively removed with one local oscillation sideband, as shown in fig. 3. Then the two signals are respectively
EOP1，1(t)∝cos(2πfct+πkt2)-cos(2πfct+2πfet) (8)
EOP1，2(t)∝cos(2πfct+πkt2)-cos(2πfct-2πfet) (9)
Two paths of signals respectively enter a photoelectric detector for photoelectric conversion, and excitation signal waveforms of a horizontal polarization (H) antenna and a vertical polarization (V) antenna are obtained after power amplification
Where PD (-) represents the operation of cutting off the optical frequency component from the dc component due to photodetector response speed limitation and ac coupling, respectively. It can be seen that the generated transmission signal is two paths with center frequency feThe chirp slopes are-k and k chirp waves, respectively.
The receiving end also has a horizontal polarization antenna and a vertical polarization antenna, which are used for receiving four echoes of HH, HV, VH and VV (the receiving end polarization mode is before and the transmitting end polarization mode is after) possibly scattered by the target under the excitation of two polarizations. For simplicity, only the case where the object has only one scattering point is now considered. At this time, the signals received by the two antennas are:
h antenna (horizontal):
v antenna (vertical):
where Δ tiWhich is indicative of the delay of the echo signal,
(i is a negative sign when 1,3, i is a positive sign when 2, 4) represents the phase to which the echo signal is added, ηHH、ηHV、ηVH、ηVVRespectively representing the strength of each echo signal. The signals received by the two antennas are respectively sent to an optical domain deskew and polarization response separation module after passing through a low-noise amplifier, and are divided into two polarization state optical carriers E by two sub-modulators of the polarization division multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulatorPBS1Intensity modulation (retention of carrier component) is performed. With SHHSignal as an example, via SHHThe modulated optical signal is represented by the following formula (13):
notice the modulated signal component
Frequency f ofc+fe+kΔt1Contains signal delay information representing the target distance and is related to the carrier component cos (2 π f)ct+2πfeFrequency f) of t)c+feAnd (4) approaching. In the same way, SVHModulated to have signal components
Frequency f of whichc+fe+kΔt3Contains the position information of the target and is associated with the carrier component cos (2 π f)ct+2πfeFrequency f) of t)c+feAnd (4) approaching.
For SHV、SVVAfter modulation, the signals can be obtained separately
And
with target position information at frequencies fc-fe+kΔt2And fc-fe+kΔt4And is associated with the carrier component cos (2 pi f)ct-2πfeFrequency f) of t)c-feAnd (4) approaching. So that it can be separately processed at frequency f by the optical processor Bc+feTo separate out SHH、SVHCorresponding echo information and at a frequency fc-feTo separate out SHV、SVVAnd corresponding echo information is used for completing the separation of polarization response. The modulated signal is split into two paths through the optical processor b, as shown in fig. 4, where each path has two independent signals due to polarization division multiplexing:
wherein E isHHOP2,1And EVHOP2,1Respectively at two mutually perpendicular light polarizations, EHVOP2,2And EVVOP2And 2 are also respectively on two mutually perpendicular light polarization states. At this time, the four signals can be separated by the polarization beam splitters 2 and 3 and subjected to photoelectric conversion by the photoelectric detector, and the four signals from which the direct current component and the fast variable optical frequency component which cannot be responded by the detector are removed are
The intermediate frequency component of the signal after deskewing is now obtained. On the basis of the time delay, namely the distance information of the target, of the signal can be obtained through Fourier analysis, and the Doppler information of the target can be obtained through the phase relation among a plurality of coherent pulses.
Claims (10)
1. A microwave photon full polarization radar detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, performing up-conversion processing on an optical carrier, a complex baseband signal and a radio frequency local oscillator signal in an optical domain to generate two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals and one path of optical reference signal; the optical carrier wave has a frequency fcThe single tone optical signal of (a); the complex baseband signal is a linear frequency modulation signal with a frequency range of-B/2- + B/2 and a frequency modulation slope of k; the radio frequency local oscillation signal has a frequency fmThe single-tone radio frequency signal of (a); the two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals are taken as central frequency feA chirp signal having a bandwidth of B and a chirp rate of + -k, respectively, where feIs fmInteger multiples of; the optical reference signal is composed of cos (2 pi f)ct-2πfet)、cos(2πfct+πkt2)、cos(2πfct+2πfet) the three components are superposed;
step 2, respectively sending two paths of orthogonal radio frequency signals to a horizontal polarization antenna and a vertical polarization antenna, and simultaneously radiating two paths of orthogonal polarization electromagnetic waves to irradiate a target; receiving echoes of a target by using a horizontal polarization antenna and a vertical polarization antenna to obtain two paths of echo signals;
step 3, performing deskew and polarization response separation processing on the obtained two echo signals and the optical reference signal in an optical domain to obtain four intermediate frequency analog electric signals respectively corresponding to four elements in a target polarization scattering matrix;
and 4, processing the four paths of intermediate frequency analog electric signals to obtain target detection information.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the up-conversion process is as follows:
step 101, modulating the radio frequency local oscillation signal and the complex baseband signal to the optical carrier in two polarization states of X and Y, respectively, generating an optical signal component of the complex baseband signal in one polarization state, and generating optical sideband components of the two radio frequency local oscillation signals in the other polarization state;
step 102, superposing the modulated optical signals in the X and Y polarization states and then dividing the superposed optical signals into two paths, dividing one path of the superposed optical signals into two paths, removing optical side band components of a radio frequency local oscillator signal from each path respectively, and then converting the optical side band components into electric signals respectively, namely generating two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals; and the other path of superposed optical signal is used as the optical reference signal.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step 101 is implemented by setting the polarization division multiplexing dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator to a local oscillation frequency multiplication mode or a local oscillation frequency non-multiplication mode, which is specifically as follows:
local oscillator frequency multiplication mode: two sub-modulators in one polarization state are biased to the maximum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased to the minimum point, and two modulation ports are respectively connected with two local oscillator signals with the phase difference of 90 degrees, which are generated after the radio frequency local oscillator signals pass through a 90-degree microwave bridge; the two sub-modulators on the other polarization state are both biased at the minimum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased at the orthogonal point, and the two modulation ports are respectively connected with I, Q two-path real signals decomposed by the complex baseband signals;
local oscillation frequency doubling mode: the two sub-modulators in one polarization state are biased at the minimum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased at any point, one of the two modulation ports is connected with the radio frequency local oscillator signal, and the other modulation port is connected with a matched load or not; the two sub-modulators in the other polarization state are both biased at the minimum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased at the orthogonal point, and the two modulation ports are respectively connected with I, Q two-path real signals decomposed by the complex baseband signals.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the one superimposed optical signal is divided into two paths, and each path removes an optical sideband component of a radio frequency local oscillator signal, which is specifically implemented by the following steps: a1: 1 optical power divider is connected with two optical band-pass filters, or a multi-channel programmable optical filter, or an optical wavelength division multiplexing demultiplexer.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the deskew and polarization response separation process is specifically as follows:
step 301, modulating signals received by the two antennas of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization to two polarization states of X and Y respectively to complete electro-optical conversion and optical domain deskew;
and 302, selecting a de-oblique sideband of the positive slope linear frequency modulation radio frequency signal and a de-oblique sideband of the negative slope linear frequency modulation radio frequency signal from the optical signals which are subjected to the electro-optical conversion and the optical domain de-oblique, and then respectively carrying out polarization demultiplexing and photoelectric conversion to obtain four paths of intermediate frequency analog electrical signals respectively corresponding to four elements in the target polarization scattering matrix.
6. A microwave photonic full polarization radar, comprising:
an optical domain signal up-conversion module for performing up-conversion processing on the optical carrier, the complex baseband signal and the radio frequency local oscillator signal in the optical domain to generate two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals and oneA road light reference signal; the optical carrier wave has a frequency fcThe single tone optical signal of (a); the complex baseband signal is a linear frequency modulation signal with a frequency range of-B/2- + B/2 and a frequency modulation slope of k; the radio frequency local oscillation signal has a frequency fmThe single-tone radio frequency signal of (a); the two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals are taken as central frequency feA chirp signal having a bandwidth of B and a chirp rate of + -k, respectively, where feIs fmInteger multiples of; the optical reference signal is composed of cos (2 pi f)ct-2πfet)、cos(2πfct+πkt2)、cos(2πfct+2πfet) the three components are superposed;
the horizontal polarization antenna and the vertical polarization antenna are used for radiating two paths of mutually orthogonal radio frequency signals to form two paths of orthogonal polarized electromagnetic waves so as to irradiate a target and receiving echoes of the target to obtain two paths of echo signals;
the optical domain deskewing and polarization separation module is used for deskewing and polarization response separation processing on the two obtained echo signals and the optical reference signal in an optical domain to obtain four intermediate frequency analog electric signals respectively corresponding to four elements in a target polarization scattering matrix;
and the data processing module is used for processing the four paths of intermediate frequency analog electric signals to obtain target detection information.
7. The microwave photonic full polarization radar of claim 6, wherein the optical domain signal up-conversion module comprises:
the electro-optical modulation module is used for modulating the radio frequency local oscillator signal and the complex baseband signal to the optical carrier in two polarization states of X and Y respectively, generating an optical signal component of the complex baseband signal in one polarization state, and generating optical sideband components of the two radio frequency local oscillator signals in the other polarization state;
the polarization beam splitter is used for superposing the modulated light signals in the X polarization state and the Y polarization state and then dividing the superposed modulated light signals into two paths;
the optical processor is used for dividing one path of superposed optical signals output by the polarization beam splitter into two paths, and each path of superposed optical signals respectively removes an optical sideband component of a radio frequency local oscillation signal;
and the photoelectric conversion module is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the two paths of optical signals output by the optical processor.
8. The microwave photonic full-polarization radar according to claim 7, wherein the electro-optical modulation module is a polarization division multiplexing dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator configured as a local oscillator frequency doubling mode or a local oscillator frequency non-doubling mode, and the local oscillator frequency doubling mode and the local oscillator frequency non-doubling mode are specifically as follows:
local oscillator frequency multiplication mode: two sub-modulators in one polarization state are biased to the maximum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased to the minimum point, and two modulation ports are respectively connected with two local oscillator signals with the phase difference of 90 degrees, which are generated after the radio frequency local oscillator signals pass through a 90-degree microwave bridge; the two sub-modulators on the other polarization state are both biased at the minimum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased at the orthogonal point, and the two modulation ports are respectively connected with I, Q two-path real signals decomposed by the complex baseband signals;
local oscillation frequency doubling mode: the two sub-modulators in one polarization state are biased at the minimum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased at any point, one of the two modulation ports is connected with the radio frequency local oscillator signal, and the other modulation port is connected with a matched load or not; the two sub-modulators in the other polarization state are both biased at the minimum point, the synthesis arms of the two sub-modulators are biased at the orthogonal point, and the two modulation ports are respectively connected with I, Q two-path real signals decomposed by the complex baseband signals.
9. The microwave photonic full polarization radar as claimed in claim 7, wherein the optical processor is specifically: a1: 1 optical power divider is connected with two optical band-pass filters, or a multi-channel programmable optical filter, or an optical wavelength division multiplexing demultiplexer.
10. The microwave photonic full polarization radar of claim 6 wherein the optical domain deskew and polarization separation module comprises:
the electro-optical modulation module is used for respectively modulating signals received by the two antennas with horizontal polarization and vertical polarization on the two polarization states of X and Y onto the optical reference signal to complete electro-optical conversion and optical domain deskew;
the optical processor is used for selecting a de-tilt sideband of the positive slope linear frequency modulation radio frequency signal and a de-tilt sideband of the negative slope linear frequency modulation radio frequency signal from the optical signals which are subjected to electro-optical conversion and optical domain de-tilt;
the two polarization beam splitters are used for respectively carrying out polarization demultiplexing on a de-oblique side band of the positive slope linear frequency modulation radio frequency signal and a de-oblique side band of the negative slope linear frequency modulation radio frequency signal;
and the photoelectric conversion module is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the four paths of optical signals output by the two polarization beam splitters respectively to obtain four paths of intermediate frequency analog electrical signals respectively corresponding to four elements in the target polarization scattering matrix.
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