CN108739677B - Method for breeding earthworms in Ningxia area in open field - Google Patents
Method for breeding earthworms in Ningxia area in open field Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses an earthworm open field breeding method in Ningxia regions, which comprises the following steps: and (3) summer management: covering a straw mat with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the built earthworm bed, and watering in due time to control the temperature of the earthworm bed to be 10-30 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-70%; the straw curtain is woven in multiple layers, and natural porous materials are coated in the middle of the multiple layers of straw curtains; overwintering management: in the last 10 months, bait with the thickness of 30-50 cm is laid on an earthworm bed, after moderate watering, a drainage ditch is dug, four layers of covering materials are covered, from bottom to top, the first layer is a waste EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shed film and directly contacts with the bait, the second layer is a straw curtain with the thickness of 5-10 cm, the third layer and the fourth layer are waste EVA shed films, the temperature of the earthworm bed is kept above 10 ℃, and a high heat absorption layer is additionally arranged between the third layer and the fourth layer of waste EVA shed film. The survival rate, disease resistance, growth speed and average weight of the earthworms cultured by the earthworm open field culture method are improved, the quality and yield of the earthworms are improved, and the soil improvement effect is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of earthworm breeding methods. More specifically, the invention relates to an open field earthworm cultivation method in Ningxia regions.
Background
Earthworm is a mollusk with succulent software and 70% protein content, is called earthworm in traditional Chinese medicine, is cold in nature and slightly bitter in taste, has the effects of clearing heat, arresting convulsion, dredging collaterals, relieving asthma and inducing diuresis, and is a traditional Chinese medicine; the earthworm contains rich bioactive components besides being used as a medicinal prescription and prepared into a Chinese patent medicine, can be extracted and developed into diversified medicines and health-care products by utilizing modern biotechnology, can be applied to animal feeds, and can be applied to agricultural planting as an organic liquid fertilizer in animal husbandry.
Ningxia has good soil condition, air quality and sufficient materials, and the natural conditions create favorable conditions for producing high-quality earthworms. The organic wastes of earthworm which like to eat the humus comprise various livestock and poultry excrements and organic wastes after processing of wine brewing, sugar making, food, paper making, wood and the like. The Ningxia whole-district scale intensive farms are about 5000, and the annual excrement production amount of the scale intensive farms is tens of millions of tons, mainly in Yinchuan city, Wu-faith city and Zhongwei city. The east foot of Ningxia Helan mountain is the largest geographical indication product protection producing area of the grape wine in the whole country, and the planting area of the grape in the whole area reaches 3.6 ten thousand hm2The wine processing capacity is 19 ten thousand tons, and a large amount of organic residues such as branches, skins, seeds, waste residues and the like are generated, so that the wine can be a good material for raising earthworms. The organic waste is converted into active substances which are easily utilized by the earthworm or other organisms, such as protein, antibacterial peptide, amino acid and the like, through the digestion system of the earthworm under the action of protease, lipolytic enzyme, cellulase and amylase in the intestinal tracts of the earthworm, and secondary pollution to the environment is avoided.
The body temperature of the earthworms changes along with the change of the external environment temperature, and the environment temperature not only directly influences the body temperature and the activity of the earthworms, but also influences the intensity of metabolism, and physiological functions of respiration, digestion, growth, development, reproduction and the like. Generally, the moving temperature of earthworms is 5 to 30 ℃, and the most suitable temperature is about 20 ℃, so that the earthworms can grow, develop and reproduce well under the temperature condition. The earthworms can keep a certain growth at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, the earthworms stop growing at the temperature of more than 32 ℃, are slow in movement at the temperature of less than 10 ℃, are in a dormant state at the temperature of less than 5 ℃, have obvious water chestnut shrinkage phenomenon, and die at the temperature of more than 40 ℃ and less than 0 ℃. In summer, the sun exposure time is long, the solar radiation is strong, the winter is severe cold, the sun exposure time is short, the typical 'winter cold and summer heat', the highest temperature in 7 months is between 27 ℃ and 41 ℃, most of the highest temperatures are above 32 ℃, the average lowest temperature in 1 month is between-8 ℃ and-16 ℃, the growth of earthworms is limited in the temperature range, if the earthworms are cultured in the open air, no preventive measures are taken, the earthworms can die, and particularly, the lowest temperature in the coldest period in winter is above-10 ℃, so the earthworms directly die. Based on the limitation of the climate characteristics, the development of the earthworm industry in Ningxia is severely restricted.
Therefore, the method for exploring the technology suitable for breeding the earthworms in the open air in the Ningxia region has important significance for the development of Ningxia earthworm breeding industry, lays a foundation for the standardization and the large-scale of the Ningxia earthworm breeding industry, and promotes the development of the earthworm comprehensive industry to take a new step. The EVA is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and a greenhouse film produced by the EVA film has higher weather resistance, fog drop prevention and heat preservation performances, so that if the EVA film can be greatly utilized in the earthworm breeding industry, the EVA film can exert the excellent light transmittance, and a new direction is opened for the earthworm open field breeding industry in Ningxia regions.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide an open-air breeding method for the earthworms in the Ningxia region, which can realize the open-air breeding of the earthworms in the Ningxia region, realize the safe overwintering breeding of the earthworms outdoors, and ensure the safe overwintering of the earthworms outdoors without moving the earthworms to the indoor breeding in winter, thereby creating a proper breeding environment and realizing the large-scale breeding of the earthworms in Ningxia; and secondly, the survival rate, disease resistance, growth speed and average weight of the earthworms cultured by the earthworm open field culture method are improved, the quality and yield of the earthworms are improved, and the soil improvement effect is obvious.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for open field cultivation of earthworms in Ningxia region, comprising:
and (3) summer management: covering a straw mat with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the built earthworm bed, and watering in due time to control the temperature of the earthworm bed to be 10-30 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-70%; the straw curtain is woven in multiple layers, and natural porous materials are coated in the middle of the multiple layers of straw curtains;
overwintering management: in the last 10 months, bait with the thickness of 30-50 cm is laid on an earthworm bed, after moderate watering, a drainage ditch is dug, four layers of covering materials are covered, from bottom to top, the first layer is a waste EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shed film and directly contacts with the bait, the second layer is a straw curtain with the thickness of 5-10 cm, the third layer and the fourth layer are waste EVA shed films, the temperature of the earthworm bed is kept above 10 ℃, and a high heat absorption layer is additionally arranged between the third layer and the fourth layer of waste EVA shed film.
Preferably, the method for breeding earthworms in Ningxia region in open field further comprises the following steps:
step one, fermenting raw materials to prepare bait; after the bait fermentation is finished, building a long-strip earthworm bed by adopting a wide-narrow row method, solarizing for 2-3 d, turning over, smashing, and building the earthworm bed; laying a spray irrigation pipeline on each ridge of earthworm bed;
step two, putting earthworm species, wherein the putting amount is controlled to be about 5000 pieces/m2Adding bait every 15-21 days, wherein the adding thickness is 10-12 cm, loosening the earthworm bed every 50-60 days, and spraying a nutrient solution every 5-7 days;
step three, putting earthworm seeds for 18-22 days, separating adult earthworms from earthworm cocoons, watering enough water 24 hours before separation, and collecting adult earthworms by utilizing natural light;
after the adult earthworms are harvested, adding the bait to the earthworm feces with earthworm cocoons for cultivation for 18-21 days, carrying out ridge division after the earthworm cocoons are incubated, dividing 1 ridge into 2 ridges, and evacuating density; and after 35-40 days, growing the incubated earthworm cocoons to become earthworms, preparing earthworm species from the reserved parts, and harvesting the rest.
Preferably, in the culture process, when the height of the earthworm bed is higher than 60cm, bait with the thickness of 15-20 cm on the surface layer of the earthworm bed is hung to two sides, the earthworm dung in the center is collected, and then the bait hung to the two sides is paved back to the original position; the collected earthworm casts are stacked to one place for incubation and reuse.
Preferably, the bait in the step one is prepared by mixing 70% of cow dung, 20% of straws and 10% of bean dregs, inoculating the mixture to bacteria and fermenting, the fermentation time is 25-30 d, and the pH value after decomposition is 6.5-7.0; the straw comprises crop straw, weeds and sawdust.
Preferably, after the earthworm bed is built in the step one, the earthworm bed is watered thoroughly, aired for 1-2 days, the humidity is kept at 60-70%, and then earthworm seeds are put in; the laying method of the spray irrigation pipeline in the first step comprises the following steps: a main pipeline vertical to the earthworm bed adopts a 40cm PE pipeline, a branch pipeline parallel to the extension direction of the earthworm bed adopts a 30cm sprinkling irrigation hose, and the aperture of a nozzle is 0.5 mm; the operating pressure of the micro-spraying is set to be 0.3 MPa.
Preferably, the nutrient water agent in the second step includes: 500 parts of water, 1 part of urea, 1 part of vinegar, 15 parts of saccharin and 20 parts of pineapple essence.
Preferably, during the management in summer, proper amount of water is poured at 7 am and 5 pm, the temperature of the earthworm bed is reduced to 20-27 ℃, and the humidity of the earthworm bed is kept to 60-70%.
Preferably, during overwintering management, after large adult earthworms are harvested in the last 10 th month, the remaining small adult earthworms are used as earthworm species for overwintering, in the last 10 th month, bait with the thickness of 30-50 cm is laid on a built earthworm bed, after moderate watering, a drainage ditch is dug, four layers of coverings are covered, from bottom to top, a first layer is a waste EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shed film, a second layer is a straw mat with the thickness of 5-10 cm, a third layer and a fourth layer are waste EVA shed films, a high heat absorption layer is additionally arranged between the third layer and the fourth layer of waste EVA shed films, and the temperature of the earthworm bed is kept above 10 ℃.
Preferably, the overwintering management method may further comprise: in the late 10 th month, firstly laying bait with the thickness of 30-50 cm on a built earthworm bed, after moderate watering, digging a drainage ditch, covering four layers of covering materials, wherein a first layer is a waste EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shed film, a second layer is a straw curtain with the thickness of 5-10 cm, a third layer and a fourth layer are waste EVA shed films from bottom to top, a high heat absorption layer is additionally arranged between the third layer and the fourth layer of waste EVA shed films, the high heat absorption layer naturally passes through winter, when the air temperature is returned to warm in spring, the temperature of the bottom layer film reaches 20 ℃ in the daytime, the bottom layer film is opened between 10 and 11 points in the morning and is cooled, the film is covered again between 3 and 4 points in the afternoon, and a certain water content of the earthworm bed is kept; when the temperature of the bottom layer under the film is 15 ℃ or below, the film is thoroughly opened for daily management.
Preferably, the width of the earthworm bed is 1-1.2 m, the wide row spacing is 1.8-2 m, and the narrow row spacing is 0.4-0.6 m; the earthworm species adopts the variety of the Eisenia foetida 'Taiping No. 2'.
Compared with the existing earthworm open field culture method, the earthworm open field culture method provided by the invention can realize the outdoor safe overwintering and overwintering culture of the earthworms, and the earthworms can safely overwintering outdoors without moving the earthworms to a facility for culture in winter, so that a proper culture environment is created, and the scale culture of the Ningxia earthworms is realized. The survival rate, disease resistance, growth speed and average weight of the earthworms cultured by the earthworm open field culture method are improved, the quality and yield of the earthworms are improved, and the soil improvement effect is obvious.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to specific examples, so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
The invention provides an earthworm open field breeding method in Ningxia regions, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) summer management: covering a straw mat with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the built earthworm bed, and watering in due time to control the temperature of the earthworm bed to be 10-30 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-70%; the straw curtain is woven in multiple layers, and natural porous materials are coated in the middle of the multiple layers of straw curtains; the natural porous material is coated in the middle of the straw mat, so that on one hand, the air permeability of the straw mat is increased, on the other hand, the water permeability of the straw mat is increased, the aim of quickly cooling can be achieved by pouring less water in high-temperature summer, and the porous material has certain water storage performance and provides a buffer table for keeping the humidity of the earthworm bed;
overwintering management: in the late 10 th month, bait with the thickness of 30-50 cm is laid on an earthworm bed, after moderate watering, a drainage ditch is dug, four layers of covering materials are covered, the first layer is a waste EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shed film and directly contacts with the bait, the second layer is a straw curtain with the thickness of 5-10 cm, the third layer and the fourth layer are waste EVA shed films, the temperature of the earthworm bed is kept above 10 ℃, a high heat absorption layer is additionally arranged between the third layer and the fourth layer of waste EVA shed film, the temperature in Ningxia areas is low in winter, a high heat absorption layer additionally arranged between the uppermost two layers of EVA shed films can quickly absorb heat, lock the heat and slowly release the heat downwards, and a good heat preservation effect is achieved at night.
In one embodiment, the method for culturing earthworms in open field in Ningxia region further comprises the following steps:
step one, fermenting raw materials to prepare bait; after the bait fermentation is finished, building a long-strip earthworm bed by adopting a wide-narrow row method, solarizing for 2-3 d, turning over, smashing, and building the earthworm bed; laying a spray irrigation pipeline on each ridge of earthworm bed;
step two, putting earthworm species, wherein the putting amount is controlled to be about 5000 pieces/m2Adding bait every 15-21 days, wherein the adding thickness is 10-12 cm, loosening the earthworm bed every 50-60 days, and spraying a nutrient solution every 5-7 days;
step three, putting earthworm seeds for 18-22 days, separating adult earthworms from earthworm cocoons, watering enough water 24 hours before separation, and collecting adult earthworms by utilizing natural light;
after the adult earthworms are harvested, adding the bait to the earthworm feces with earthworm cocoons for cultivation for 18-21 days, carrying out ridge division after the earthworm cocoons are incubated, dividing 1 ridge into 2 ridges, and evacuating density; and after 35-40 days, growing the incubated earthworm cocoons to become earthworms, preparing earthworm species from the reserved parts, and harvesting the rest.
In one embodiment, in the cultivation process, when the height of an earthworm bed is higher than 60cm, bait with the thickness of 15-20 cm on the surface layer of the earthworm bed is hung on two sides, the earthworm dung in the center is harvested, and then the bait hung on the two sides is paved back to the original position; the collected earthworm casts are stacked to one place for incubation and reuse.
In one embodiment, the bait in the step one is prepared by mixing, inoculating and fermenting 70% of cow dung, 20% of straws and 10% of bean dregs, the fermentation time is 25-30 d, and the pH value after decomposition is 6.5-7.0; the straw comprises crop straw, weeds and sawdust.
In one embodiment, after the earthworm bed is built in the first step, water is poured to reach the purposes of salt washing, alkali washing and pH adjustment, the earthworms are aired for 1-2 days, the humidity is kept at 60-70%, and then earthworm seeds are put in; the laying method of the spray irrigation pipeline in the first step comprises the following steps: a main pipeline vertical to the earthworm bed adopts a 40cm PE pipeline, a branch pipeline parallel to the extension direction of the earthworm bed adopts a 30cm sprinkling irrigation hose, and the aperture of a nozzle is 0.5 mm; the operating pressure of the micro-spraying is set to be 0.3 MPa.
In one embodiment, the nutrient water agent in the second step includes: 500 parts of water, 1 part of urea, 1 part of vinegar, 15 parts of saccharin and 20 parts of pineapple essence.
In one embodiment, during the management in summer, a proper amount of water is poured at 7 am and 5 pm, the temperature of the earthworm bed is reduced to 20-27 ℃, and the humidity of the earthworm bed is kept to 60-70%.
In one embodiment, during overwintering management, after large adult earthworms are harvested in the last 10 months, the remaining small adult earthworms are used as earthworm species for overwintering, in the last 10 months, bait with the thickness of 30-50 cm is laid on a built earthworm bed, after moderate watering, drainage ditches are dug, four layers of coverings are covered, from bottom to top, a first layer is a waste EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shed film, a second layer is a straw mat with the thickness of 5-10 cm, a third layer and a fourth layer are waste EVA shed films, a high heat absorption layer is additionally arranged between the third layer and the fourth layer of waste EVA shed films, and the temperature of the earthworm bed is kept above 10 ℃.
In one embodiment, the following method may also be adopted during the management of overwintering: in the late 10 th month, firstly laying bait with the thickness of 30-50 cm on a built earthworm bed, after moderate watering, digging a drainage ditch, covering four layers of covering materials, wherein a first layer is a waste EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shed film, a second layer is a straw curtain with the thickness of 5-10 cm, a third layer and a fourth layer are waste EVA shed films from bottom to top, a high heat absorption layer is additionally arranged between the third layer and the fourth layer of waste EVA shed films, the high heat absorption layer naturally passes through winter, when the air temperature is returned to warm in spring, the temperature of the bottom layer film reaches 20 ℃ in the daytime, the bottom layer film is opened between 10 and 11 points in the morning and is cooled, the film is covered again between 3 and 4 points in the afternoon, and a certain water content of the earthworm bed is kept; when the temperature of the bottom layer under the film is 15 ℃ or below, the film is thoroughly opened for daily management.
In one embodiment, the width of the earthworm bed is 1-1.2 m, the wide row spacing is 1.8-2 m, and the narrow row spacing is 0.4-0.6 m; the earthworm species adopts the variety of the Eisenia foetida 'Taiping No. 2'.
Example 1
Taking 70% of cow dung, 20% of straws and 10% of bean dregs, mixing, inoculating, fermenting for 25d, wherein the pH value is 6.5 after decomposition, and preparing the bait, wherein the straws comprise 50% of crop straws, 30% of weeds and 20% of sawdust. After the bait fermentation is finished, a long-strip earthworm bed is built by adopting a wide-row and narrow-row method, the width of the earthworm bed is 1.2m, the wide-row spacing is 2m, the narrow-row spacing is 0.6m, the earthworm bed is turned over and smashed after being solarized for 3d, and the building of the earthworm bed is finished; a sprinkling irrigation pipeline is laid on each ridge of earthworm bed, a main pipeline vertical to the earthworm bed adopts a 40cm PE pipeline, branch pipelines extending the extension direction of the earthworm bed adopt 30cm sprinkling irrigation hose pipes, and the aperture of a nozzle is 0.5 mm; the micro-spraying working pressure is set to be 0.3 MPa;
step two, putting earthworm species, wherein the putting amount is controlled to be about 5000 pieces/m2Adding bait every 21 days, wherein the adding thickness is 12cm, loosening the earthworm bed every 60 days, and spraying a nutrient water agent every 7 days, wherein the nutrient water agent is prepared from 500 parts of water, 1 part of urea, 1 part of table vinegar, 15 parts of saccharin and 20 parts of pineapple essence;
step three, putting earthworm seeds for 22d, separating adult earthworms from earthworm cocoons, watering enough water 24 hours before separation, and collecting adult earthworms by utilizing natural light;
after the adult earthworms are harvested, adding the bait to the earthworm feces with earthworm cocoons for 21d cultivation, after the earthworm cocoons are incubated, dividing ridges into 1 ridge and 2 ridges, and evacuating density; after 40 days, the incubated earthworm cocoons grow to become earthworms, the reserved parts of the earthworm cocoons are used as earthworm species, and the rest earthworms are harvested; in the culture process, when the height of the earthworm bed is higher than 60cm, the bait with the thickness of 20cm on the surface layer of the earthworm bed is hung to two sides, the central earthworm dung is collected, and then the bait hung to the two sides is paved back to the original position; the collected earthworm casts are stacked to one place for incubation and reuse;
wherein, the summer management: covering a straw mat with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the built earthworm bed, and watering in due time to control the temperature of the earthworm bed to be 10-30 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-70%; the straw curtain is woven in multiple layers, and natural porous materials are coated in the middle of the multiple layers of straw curtains;
overwintering management: after large adult earthworms are collected in the last 10 months, the remaining small adult earthworms are used as earthworm species for overwintering, in the last 10 months, bait with the thickness of 45cm is firstly paved on a built earthworm bed, after proper watering, a drainage ditch is dug, four layers of covering materials are covered, from bottom to top, a first layer is a waste EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shed film, a second layer is a straw mat with the thickness of 5-10 cm, a third layer and a fourth layer are waste EVA shed films, a high heat absorption layer is additionally arranged between the third layer and the fourth layer of waste EVA shed films, and the temperature of the earthworm bed is kept above 10 ℃.
Example 2
Taking 70% of cow dung, 20% of straws and 10% of bean dregs, mixing, inoculating, fermenting for 25d, wherein the pH value is 6.5 after decomposition, and preparing the bait, wherein the straws comprise 50% of crop straws, 30% of weeds and 20% of sawdust. After the bait fermentation is finished, a long-strip earthworm bed is built by adopting a wide-row and narrow-row method, the width of the earthworm bed is 1.2m, the wide-row spacing is 2m, the narrow-row spacing is 0.6m, the earthworm bed is turned over and smashed after being exposed for 2d, and the building of the earthworm bed is finished; a sprinkling irrigation pipeline is laid on each ridge of earthworm bed, a main pipeline vertical to the earthworm bed adopts a 40cm PE pipeline, branch pipelines extending the extension direction of the earthworm bed adopt 30cm sprinkling irrigation hose pipes, and the aperture of a nozzle is 0.5 mm; the micro-spraying working pressure is set to be 0.3 MPa;
step two, putting earthworm species, wherein the putting amount is controlled to be about 5000 pieces/m2Adding bait every 21 days, adding the bait with the thickness of 12cm, loosening the earthworm bed every 60 days, and spraying a nutrient water agent every 7 days, wherein the nutrient water agent comprises 500 parts of water, 1 part of urea, 1 part of table vinegar and 1 part of table vinegar5 parts of saccharin and 20 parts of pineapple essence;
step three, putting earthworm seeds for 22d, separating adult earthworms from earthworm cocoons, watering enough water 24 hours before separation, and collecting adult earthworms by utilizing natural light;
after the adult earthworms are harvested, adding the bait to the earthworm feces with earthworm cocoons for culturing for 20 days, after the earthworm cocoons are incubated, dividing ridges into 1 ridge and 2 ridges, and evacuating density; after 35d, the incubated earthworm cocoons grow to become earthworms, the reserved parts of the earthworm cocoons are used as earthworm species, and the rest earthworms are harvested; in the culture process, when the height of the earthworm bed is higher than 60cm, the bait with the thickness of 20cm on the surface layer of the earthworm bed is hung to two sides, the central earthworm dung is collected, and then the bait hung to the two sides is paved back to the original position; the collected earthworm casts are stacked to one place for incubation and reuse;
wherein, the summer management: covering a straw mat with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the built earthworm bed, and watering in due time to control the temperature of the earthworm bed to be 10-30 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-70%; the straw curtain is woven in multiple layers, and natural porous materials are coated in the middle of the multiple layers of straw curtains;
overwintering management: in the late 10 th month, firstly laying bait with the thickness of 45cm on a built earthworm bed, after moderate watering, digging a drainage ditch, covering four layers of covering materials, wherein the first layer is a waste EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shed film, the second layer is a straw curtain with the thickness of 8cm, the third layer and the fourth layer are waste EVA shed films from bottom to top, a high heat absorption layer is additionally arranged between the third layer and the fourth layer of waste EVA shed films, naturally passing winter, when the temperature of the spring is started and the air is warmed up, the temperature of the bottom layer film in the daytime reaches 20 ℃, the bottom layer film is opened for cooling from 10 to 11 in the morning, the film is re-covered between 3 and 4 in the afternoon, and a certain water content of the earthworm bed is kept in the period; when the temperature of the bottom layer under the film is 15 ℃ or below, the film is thoroughly opened for daily management.
Example 3
Step one, 70% of cow dung, 20% of straws and 10% of bean dregs are mixed, inoculated and fermented for 25 days, the pH value is 6.5 after the straws are thoroughly decomposed, and the bait is prepared, wherein the straws comprise 60% of crop straws, 25% of weeds and 15% of sawdust. After the bait fermentation is finished, a long-strip earthworm bed is built by adopting a wide-row and narrow-row method, the width of the earthworm bed is 1.2m, the wide-row spacing is 2m, the narrow-row spacing is 0.6m, the earthworm bed is turned over and smashed after being solarized for 3d, and the building of the earthworm bed is finished; a sprinkling irrigation pipeline is laid on each ridge of earthworm bed, a main pipeline vertical to the earthworm bed adopts a 40cm PE pipeline, branch pipelines extending the extension direction of the earthworm bed adopt 30cm sprinkling irrigation hose pipes, and the aperture of a nozzle is 0.5 mm; the micro-spraying working pressure is set to be 0.3 MPa;
step two, putting earthworm species, wherein the putting amount is controlled to be about 5000 pieces/m2Adding bait every 21 days, wherein the adding thickness is 12cm, loosening the earthworm bed every 60 days, and spraying a nutrient water agent every 7 days, wherein the nutrient water agent is prepared from 500 parts of water, 1 part of urea, 1 part of table vinegar, 15 parts of saccharin and 20 parts of pineapple essence;
step three, putting earthworm seeds for 22d, separating adult earthworms from earthworm cocoons, watering enough water 24 hours before separation, and collecting adult earthworms by utilizing natural light;
step four, after the adult earthworms are harvested, adding the bait to the earthworm feces with earthworm cocoons for 18d of cultivation, after the earthworm cocoons are incubated, dividing ridges into 1 ridge and 2 ridges, and evacuating density; after 38d, the incubated earthworm cocoons grow to become earthworms, the reserved part of the earthworm is used as an earthworm species, and the rest is harvested; in the culture process, when the height of the earthworm bed is higher than 60cm, the bait with the thickness of 20cm on the surface layer of the earthworm bed is hung to two sides, the central earthworm dung is collected, and then the bait hung to the two sides is paved back to the original position; the collected earthworm casts are stacked to one place for incubation and reuse;
wherein, the summer management: covering a straw mat with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the built earthworm bed, and watering in due time to control the temperature of the earthworm bed to be 10-30 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-70%; the straw curtain is woven in multiple layers, and natural porous materials are coated in the middle of the multiple layers of straw curtains;
overwintering management: in the late 10 th month, firstly laying bait with the thickness of 45cm on a built earthworm bed, after moderate watering, digging a drainage ditch, covering four layers of covering materials, wherein the first layer is a waste EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shed film, the second layer is a straw curtain with the thickness of 8cm, the third layer and the fourth layer are waste EVA shed films from bottom to top, a high heat absorption layer is additionally arranged between the third layer and the fourth layer of waste EVA shed films, naturally passing winter, when the temperature of the spring is started and the air is warmed up, the temperature of the bottom layer film in the daytime reaches 20 ℃, the bottom layer film is opened for cooling from 10 to 11 in the morning, the film is re-covered between 3 and 4 in the afternoon, and a certain water content of the earthworm bed is kept in the period; when the temperature of the bottom layer under the film is 15 ℃ or below, the film is thoroughly opened for daily management.
The invention provides a method for breeding over-summer and over-winter earthworms in open field in Ningxia region according to special climatic conditions and earthworm growth and development rules in Ningxia region and by combining with current ecological, economic and social development requirements. Compared with the existing earthworm open field culture method, the earthworm open field culture method provided by the invention can realize the outdoor safe overwintering and overwintering culture of the earthworms, and the earthworms can safely overwintering outdoors without moving the earthworms to a facility for culture in winter, so that a proper culture environment is created, and the scale culture of the Ningxia earthworms is realized. The method of the invention has the characteristics of high economic benefit, simple and convenient management requirement, easy operation and mastering of technology, strong production operability, good ecological benefit and the like, and the earthworms are cultivated in open field, and the method for cultivating the earthworms in open field in Ningxia area is provided. Through field tests, the survival rate, disease resistance, growth speed and average weight of the earthworms are improved, the quality and yield of the earthworms are improved, and the soil improvement effect is obvious.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An open field earthworm cultivation method in Ningxia regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (3) summer management: covering a straw mat with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the constructed earthworm bed, and controlling the temperature of the earthworm bed to be 10-30 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-70% by timely and properly watering; the straw curtain is woven in multiple layers, and natural porous materials are coated in the middle of the multiple layers of straw curtains;
overwintering management: in the last 10 months, bait with the thickness of 30-50 cm is laid on an earthworm bed, after moderate watering, a drainage ditch is dug, four layers of covering materials are covered, from bottom to top, the first layer is a waste EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shed film and directly contacts with the bait, the second layer is a straw curtain with the thickness of 5-10 cm, the third layer and the fourth layer are waste EVA shed films, the temperature of the earthworm bed is kept above 10 ℃, and a high heat absorption layer is additionally arranged between the third layer and the fourth layer of waste EVA shed film.
2. The method for culturing earthworms in open field in Ningxia region as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
step one, fermenting raw materials to prepare bait; after the bait fermentation is finished, building a long-strip earthworm bed by adopting a wide-narrow row method, solarizing for 2-3 d, turning over, smashing, and building the earthworm bed; laying a spray irrigation pipeline on each ridge of earthworm bed;
step two, putting earthworm species, wherein the putting amount is controlled to be about 5000 pieces/m2Adding bait every 18-21 days, wherein the adding thickness is 10-12 cm, loosening the earthworm bed every 50-60 days, and spraying a nutrient solution every 5-7 days;
step three, putting earthworm seeds for 18-22 days, separating adult earthworms from earthworm cocoons, watering enough water 24 hours before separation, and collecting adult earthworms by utilizing natural light;
after the adult earthworms are harvested, adding the bait to the earthworm feces with earthworm cocoons for cultivation for 18-21 days, carrying out ridge division after the earthworm cocoons are incubated, dividing 1 ridge into 2 ridges, and evacuating density; and after 35-40 days, growing the incubated earthworm cocoons to become earthworms, preparing earthworm species from the reserved parts, and harvesting the rest.
3. The method for culturing earthworms in open field in Ningxia region as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the culturing process, when the height of the earthworm bed is higher than 60cm, bait with the thickness of 15-20 cm on the surface layer of the earthworm bed is hung to two sides, the central earthworm dung is collected, and then the bait hung to two sides is laid back to the original place; the collected earthworm casts are stacked to one place for incubation and reuse.
4. The method for culturing earthworms in open field in Ningxia region as claimed in claim 3, wherein the bait in the first step is prepared by mixing 70% of cow dung, 20% of straw and 10% of bean dregs, inoculating and fermenting, the fermentation time is 25-30 d, and the pH value after decomposition is 6.5-7.0; the straw comprises crop straw, weeds and sawdust.
5. The method for culturing earthworms in open field in Ningxia area as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the first step, after the earthworm bed is set up, the earthworm bed is watered thoroughly, aired for 1-2 days, the humidity is kept at 60-70%, and then earthworm seeds are thrown in; the laying method of the spray irrigation pipeline in the first step comprises the following steps: a main pipeline perpendicular to the earthworm bed adopts a 40cm PE pipeline, a branch pipeline parallel to the extension direction of the earthworm bed adopts a 30cm sprinkling irrigation hose, the aperture of a nozzle is 0.5mm, and the micro-spraying working pressure is set to be 0.3 MPa.
6. The method for culturing earthworms in open field in Ningxia region as claimed in claim 5, wherein the nutrient water agent in the second step comprises: 500 parts of water, 1 part of urea, 1 part of vinegar, 15 parts of saccharin and 20 parts of pineapple essence.
7. The method for culturing earthworms in open air in Ningxia region as claimed in claim 6, wherein during the management in summer, a proper amount of water is poured at 7 am and 5 pm, the temperature of earthworm bed is reduced to 20-27 ℃, and the humidity of earthworm bed is kept to 60-70%.
8. The method for culturing earthworms in Ningxia region on the open field according to claim 7, wherein during overwintering management, after large adult earthworms are harvested in the first 10 th month, the remaining small adult earthworms are used as earthworm species for overwintering, in the second 10 th month, bait with the thickness of 30-50 cm is laid on a built earthworm bed, after moderate watering, drainage ditches are dug, four layers of coverings are covered, from bottom to top, the first layer is a waste EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shed film, the second layer is a straw mat with the thickness of 5-10 cm, the third layer and the fourth layer are waste EVA shed films, and a high heat absorption layer is arranged between the third layer and the fourth layer of waste EVA shed films to keep the temperature of the earthworm bed above 10 ℃.
9. The method for culturing earthworms in open air in Ningxia region according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises the following steps: in the late 10 th month, firstly laying bait with the thickness of 30-50 cm on a built earthworm bed, after moderate watering, digging a drainage ditch, covering four layers of covering materials, wherein a first layer is a waste EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shed film, a second layer is a straw curtain with the thickness of 5-10 cm, a third layer and a fourth layer are waste EVA shed films from bottom to top, a high heat absorption layer is additionally arranged between the third layer and the fourth layer of waste EVA shed films, the high heat absorption layer naturally passes through winter, when the air temperature is returned to warm in spring, the temperature of the bottom layer film reaches 20 ℃ in the daytime, the bottom layer film is opened between 10 and 11 points in the morning and is cooled, the film is covered again between 3 and 4 points in the afternoon, and a certain water content of the earthworm bed is kept; when the temperature of the bottom layer under the film is 15 ℃ or below, the film is thoroughly opened for daily management.
10. The method for culturing earthworms in open field in Ningxia province as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein the width of the earthworm bed is 1-1.2 m, the wide row spacing is 1.8-2 m, and the narrow row spacing is 0.4-0.6 m; the earthworm species adopts the variety of the Eisenia foetida 'Taiping No. 2'.
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