CN108739192A - A kind of method for safely planting of high-quality leek - Google Patents
A kind of method for safely planting of high-quality leek Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Safe production methods of high-quality leek, including：A) it chooses seeds, hot water treatment of seeds, sow, be colonized, cultivate；B) field fertilizer and water management, including fertilising, watering and earthing, wherein the base fertilizer of application selected from the strange micro-, microbial-bacterial fertilizer of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, composite fertilizer and hundred and hundred it is strange it is micro- in one kind；C) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, including Bradysia odoriphaga, thrips, green onion must squama moth, gray molds；D) safety harvesting.A kind of method for safely planting of high-quality leek of the present invention, can be adapted for the safety in production of leek, and in planting process, pesticide that can be scientific and reasonable produces good agricultural product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular, to a kind of method for safely planting of high-quality leek.
Background technology
Leek contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, cellulose etc., not only with fresh fragrant-flowered garlic, hotbed chives and fragrant-flowered garlic tongue for being put on sale
, it can also be processed into the flavouring such as fragrant-flowered garlic flower, leek sauce supply market, be public one of the vegetables liked.But in recent years, one
The use and unscientific medication of a little high-toxic pesticides, bring pesticide residue, environmental pollution, food security etc. a series of serious
Problem.How to produce high-quality, safety, high nutrition, high yield leek be we pursue target.Pest and disease damage on leek：
Bradysia odoriphaga (Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang) belongs to Diptera, Nematocera, gill fungus
Mosquito Superfamily, eye Sciaridae, Bradysia Sciara.Bradysia odoriphaga is the larva of Bradysia odoriphaga, and feeding habits are wide, is the important evil for endangering leek
One of worm.Bradysia odoriphaga is often clustered in leek bulb, and breaking plant epidermis by brill enters, and less serious case plant, which turns yellow, wilts, and severe one is from near-earth
Face base portion fractures, and whole strain is withered.Leek is caused harm through bradysia odoriphaga, and plant, which turns yellow, to wither, and cannot sprout sprouting；Though in large stretch of withered fragrant-flowered garlic clump
There are sprouting sprouting, but poor quality, low output.Chemical pesticide is the main method for preventing bradysia odoriphaga at present, and the medicament of registration has efficiently
Cypermethrin, phoxim, imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, chlorfluazuron, Diacloden etc..
Green onion palpus squama moth (Acrolepla alliella Semenov et Kuzn) is a kind of elder brother of lepidoptera diamond-back moth section
Worm.Larva eats into leek crevice place to eat, and serious cause lobus cardiacus turns yellow, and leaf and fragrant-flowered garlic tongue mostly fracture from wound, reduces yield and product
Matter.In 5-6 generation, occurred in 1 year for the north, overwintering in the case where overwintering leek dries up leafage or weeds with adult, the first tenday period of a month in May larva start for
Evil, respectively develops irregular, causes harm from spring to Qiu Junyou, is caused harm seriously with late August to late September.
Thrips can cause harm the blade of leek, caused harm young leaves, tender shoots and spire with adult and nymph, formed on blade a large amount of
Canescence spot, influence the quality and yield of leek；Cause blade withered when serious, it is last dead.Thrips is caused harm leek
Blade causes leek edible.Late July late June-causes harm peak period.
Leek gray mold is commonly called as " white point " disease, is one of disease common on leek.Main harm blade just produces on blade face
Raw white then expands as ellipse or fusiformis, often mutually joint generates large stretch of withered spot to later stage scab, makes to light gray spot
Half leaf or full leaf are withered.The mould layer of the dense taupe in disease portion surface, influences the quality of leek when humidity is big.Some is from blade tip to issuing
Exhibition forms dead leaf, can also rot to cut knife-edge part downwards be in that water stain shape is filbert, after be extended to semicircle or " V " font scab,
Yellowish-brown, surface gives birth to the mould layer of taupe, whole cluster is caused to fester, withered in flakes when serious.Winter-Spring low temperature, the harm of rainy time are tight
Weight, onset speed are fast.
In order to prevent pest and disease damage, the noxious materials such as a large amount of applying pesticides in leek planting process do not press safety interval
Using, cause excessive pesticide residues serious, or even cause consumer eat after acute poisoning, cause " malicious leek " event.Mountain
East province starts and implements leek product " double permit system " management for 2017 comprehensively, forbids nothing《The quality certification》With《Market sale voucher》Fragrant-flowered garlic
Dish product, which enters, eats market for farm products, production and processing, food and beverage sevice link.Pesticide residue, soil pollution, the peace on the tip of the tongue
Entirely, these all urgent requirements of the international competitiveness of agricultural product we can produce the leek of high-quality and safety, it is overall to improve agriculture
Product quality improves the agricultural product country, overseas market competitiveness.
Invention content
For problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of methods for safely planting of high-quality leek, including：
A) it chooses seeds, hot water treatment of seeds, sow, be colonized, cultivate；
B) field fertilizer and water management, including fertilising, watering and earthing, wherein the base fertilizer of application is selected from microbial-bacterial fertilizer, compound
Fertilizer and hundred strange micro-, microbial-bacterial fertilizers and hundred very it is micro- in one kind；
C) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, including prevention Bradysia odoriphaga, thrips, green onion must squama moth, gray molds；
D) safety harvesting.
In above-mentioned implantation methods, in step a), before being sowed Allium tuberasum.seeds, it is higher than according to physical purity of seed
99%, seed pure color, nothing are gone mouldy, and purity is higher than 95%, and germination percentage is higher than 80%, and moisture is less than 8.5% standard
The Allium tuberasum.seeds for selecting disease-resistant, cold-resistant quality good.
In above-mentioned implantation methods, in step a), hot water treatment of seeds according to following operation implementation：The fragrant-flowered garlic is impregnated with clear water
Colza is 1-3 hours sub-；It takes out Allium tuberasum.seeds to be put into 50-55 DEG C of hot water, water temperature is maintained to soak seed 10-20 minutes；Then in water
Under conditions of warm natural cooling, persistently soak seed 6-12 hours；The Allium tuberasum.seeds are placed on gauze later, filter out superfluous water
Point；It covers wet gauze and is placed on vernalization in 15-20 DEG C of environment of temperature；Through 2-3 days, 80% seed showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can sow.
In above-mentioned implantation methods, in step a), implement the sowing according to following operation：It is wet to broadcast method, presoaking and germinating
It is broadcasted sowing in seedling furrow afterwards, covers 2cm thin soils, sow 6-8kg per acre；Leek seedling growth is slow, answers sowing date for early sowing, with late March
It is advisable daytime temperature stabilization at 18-20 DEG C to late April sowing.It selects that soil layer is deep, fertile soil, preferably selects sandy loam,
The soil of the preceding non-leek class vegetables of stubble as nursery, same or same section crop be to certain nutrient demand it is certain,
It can lead to certain element shortage or superfluous in soil, soil poisoning, germ amount in addition can be made big.
Implement the field planting according to following operation：Fragrant-flowered garlic seedling is risen, fibrous root apex is cut off, stays 2cm~3cm, it is new to promote
Root development.Leaf apex is cut off one section again, to reduce blade face evaporation, root system is maintained to absorb the balance with blade face evaporation.In furrow
It is interior to press line-spacing 18cm~20cm, hill spacing 10cm, 8 plants~10 plants of seedling is planted per cave.
Implement the cultivation according to following operation：Focus on the peak of growing season of leek, it is rational to arrange plantation update, after field planting
Preceding 1-2 annual outputs are relatively low, and 3-6 is peak of growing season, and yield highest enters ageing phase after 10 years, timely plant division is answered to transplant, and one
As 1 mu of rice shoot can transplant 7-9 mus of fragrant-flowered garlic fields.
In above-mentioned implantation methods, in step b), field fertilizer and water management is carried out in accordance with the following methods：
Fertilising：It applies fertilizer to the subsoil (16-13-16) before button canopy, leek growth period water-fertilizer integral, water-fertilizer integral is that pipeline fills
Moisture and nutrient are transported to crop root, met by the combination irrigate and applied fertilizers scientifically by irrigating and fertilising is carried out at the same time
Crop liquid manure demand, the water-saving agricultural technology realized water-fertilizer integral management and efficiently utilized.Leek growth period can not be blind
Mesh increases chemical fertilizer amount to improve yield, and blindly increasing fertilizer amount can only cause the hardening soil, soda acidization to aggravate, the base fertilizer of application
Selected from the strange micro-, microbial-bacterial fertilizer of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, composite fertilizer and hundred and hundred it is strange it is micro- in one kind.
Watering：Seedling all sprouts the phase, gently pours and frequently pours, and intertills soil moisture conservation, keeps soil semi-wet；Height of seedling 15cm, control are poured
Water causes sprout tumble to prevent excessive growth；Summer controls water (preventing Bradysia odoriphaga from laying eggs)；Enter and pours a water per 5-7d after autumn；Leek
Animated period is grown, ample supply rich water；Irrigation amount is reduced after early October；It is transferred to arched shed November, is irrigated before detaining canopy, head
Stubble leek 10cm or so pours two times water, and later water-fertilizer integral is primary every watering in 10 days；It keeps the skin wet before harvesting, keeps fragrant-flowered garlic
Straight elevator when dish gathers in, quality are good.
Earthing:After watering applies fertilizer to the subsoil before leek button canopy, need in earthing 2-3cm above.An earthing is carried out every year, is solved
Leek tune root.Earthing can not only make leek stem thicker elongated, improve its commodity property；Moreover, gathered in from base portion when harvesting,
The soil covered around crops for rotation can be conducive to leek wound healing.
In above-mentioned implantation methods, in step b), planting shed is Small plastic shed, and planting shed is Small plastic shed, and arched shed is long：It is wide：
2m high：0.8m is built up by bamboo pole and cement, and top is arc-shaped, plastic covering above, thermal insulation material width 1-1.2m, long 3m's
Straw screen or mat.Counter investment is small, and construction cost is low；It is small to plant arched shed vegetables risk, success rate is high；The management of arched shed vegetables is simple, recruitment
Few, management of leaking informaton is convenient, and dish seedling should not increase crazily.Canopy pre-processing is detained, mellow soil is uprooted, dries two days, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, after soil is slightly dry
Buckle film.The canopy time is detained, the button canopy time is determined according to local climate, it is necessary to put up frame before frozen ground, a knife fragrant-flowered garlic is cut before heavy frost
Buckle film after dish is kept out the wind with cornstalk setting with cold-proof, preparation resisting cold cotton-wadded quilt.
In above-mentioned implantation methods, in step b), button canopy initial stage does not take off film and leaks informaton, 28-30 DEG C of daytime, night 10-12
℃；After leek sprouts, canopy temperature control on daytime is at 15-24 DEG C, and will leak informaton hydrofuge when room temperature is more than 24 DEG C, and relative humidity is maintained at
60%-70%, night rest in 10-12 DEG C, and minimum to be not less than 5 DEG C, if temperature is low, lid straw screen or mat is kept the temperature；Leek gathers in the last week
Canopy temperature is reduced, blade thickness is made to enlarge afforested area.Canopy temperature properly increases 2-3 DEG C after harvesting, stratification.
In above-mentioned implantation methods, in step c) mid-March start to be monitored prevention and control, field to Bradysia odoriphaga
The yellow plate of suspension, 15-20cm, serpentine are uniformly arranged from the ground for yellow plate suspension, and cow dung is spread around yellow plate, every 10-20 days, root
It is replaced in time according to the borer population coverage condition on yellow plate, field is caused harm in the case of unevenness, can choose controlling, to endangering seriously
Duan Jinhang sugar-vinegar liquids and yellow card's trap adult prevent its oviposition；Bradysia odoriphaga outbreak period in April, greenhouse can be bored by high temperature before removing film
Canopy reduces the population quantity of Bradysia odoriphaga；When mid or late April to June, adult occurrence quantity was larger, control irrigation times and
Time interval, to reduce the required humidity environment of female adult oviposition, watering in 25 days to 30 days is once advisable, before November detains canopy
Carry out chemical agent (imidacloprid, chlorfluazuron etc.) root irrigation.Green onion must squama moth：By the end of November, farmland, the old leek that will be rooted out are modified
Blade and the weeds of surrounding timely clear up and handle at a distance.Thrips：Heavier, removing field deadwood occurs 9-10 months
Residual leaf reduces hibernating base；Spraying treatment, the sensitivity that thrips compares water, precipitation can reduce insect density；Yellow card's trap
Deng.Gray mold：March mid-December-, temperature was at 16-23 DEG C, and 86% or more relative humidity is fallen ill heavier, is fallen ill in leek gray mold
Initial stage applies 50% procymidone wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid before the onset, and per 7-10 days, spray was primary, was used on leek
Safety interval is 30 days, and most access times in each crop period are 1 time；According to local temperature, according to the time of leaking informaton
The humidity of stringent control greenhouse；After leek harvesting, invalid body is removed in time, it is buried or burn, prevent germ from spreading；It is in due course logical
Wind wet down, ventilation will be determined according to the growing way of leek.When the leek just cut or low ambient temperature, ventilation quantity wants small or delay is logical
Wind prevents wind of sweeping the floor；Dispenser must use high-efficiency low-toxicity, low-residual, labile safety pesticide.
In above-mentioned implantation methods, in step c), the pesticide application technology of pesticide application technology science is the guarantee of control effect, only
Have and use pesticide in strict accordance with operating instruction, can be only achieved ideal effect.Suitable instrument：Fungicide selects droplet smaller
The optional slightly larger nozzle of nozzle, insecticide, herbicide preferably select fan type nozzle；See weather dispenser：It blows hard, rain and cannot spray
Medicine cannot spray before raining, have dew that cannot spray, cannot spray under high temperature burning sun.Some peasants think that temperature is higher, pesticide
Insecticidal effect can be better, actually this is not so.Summer sprays in High temperature, and most pests stop surface activities, hide in
At shady and cool backlight, medicament is not easy to spray in place.And pesticide volatilization loss is big at high temperature, and pharmacological property is decomposed soon, therefore, is sprayed at this time
Medicine drug effect reduces instead.At high temperature, medicament high volatility, drug are entered by breathing, skin stomata in human body, it is easy to be led
Cause operating personnel's poisoning.To select operation under fine day calm condition as possible, general morning 8-10 points (after dew is dry), afternoon 5-7
Point (before and after sunset) selects the vigorous time spray of pest activity；Corresponding pesticide application technology is taken according to different controlling objects,
Such as, when controlling disease, since germ generally has to spray vacuum side of blade uniformly at the back side of crop leaf, dispenser, spray
Medicine is required with specific aim；Pay attention to surrounding crop：It avoids generating poisoning
Science selects medicine, selects pesticide according to controlling object, accomplishes to suit the remedy to the case, can not blindness medication.
Pay attention to pharmacy security interval, the dispenser in safety interval just can guarantee that persticide residue is not exceeded, Cai Nengbao
Demonstrate,prove agricultural product quality and safety.Different safety interval of pesticide pollution is different, and when use should execute according to pesticide label requirement.
According to the characteristic of pesticide, select different to spray mode.
It is forbidden to use the pesticide completely forbidden and used, uses the pesticide that limitation uses with caution.
In above-mentioned implantation methods, in step d), the safety harvesting of leek, winter-spring season arched shed leek can gather in 3 batches, fragrant-flowered garlic
Dish is the standard for cutting fragrant-flowered garlic with 7 leaf, 1 heart.Early morning harvesting is best, is advisable at 3-4cm leaf sheaths on bulb with cutting, often cuts a knife later
Should be more slightly higher than preceding stubble, it just can guarantee normal growth.25d-30d is gathered in safely, harvesting principle " water replenishment, the harvesting of whole canopy, with cutting
It is ventilative with wrapping, forbidding ".Every time after harvesting, when leek wound healing, young leaves go out soon after 2-3 days, watered, top dressing.Next year
During November in May-, do not gather in generally, mainly based on foster root, open country management.
In leek planting process of the present invention, stringent control Scientific Usage of Drugs.
Advantages of the present invention is：Contain abundant nutriment inside microbial-bacterial fertilizer, for example, containing abundant protein
With various trace elements.Using fertility can be enhanced in nursery, increases yield, improves quality, be capable of providing needed for the growth of leek,
Strong sprout can be produced, the quality and yield of leek is improved.
Using high-quality leek Safe production method provided by the invention, green safe good leek can be obtained.
Specific implementation mode
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
The every other embodiment that technical staff is obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1, before being sowed Allium tuberasum.seeds, it is higher than 99% according to physical purity of seed, seed pure color, nothing are gone mouldy,
Purity is higher than 95%, and germination percentage is higher than 80%, and moisture is less than the leek that 8.5% standard selects disease-resistant, cold-resistant quality good
Seed.
2, it hots water treatment of seeds according to following operation implementation：The Allium tuberasum.seeds are impregnated with clear water 2 hours；Allium tuberasum.seeds are taken out to put
Enter in 55 DEG C of hot water, water temperature is maintained to soak seed 15 minutes；Then it under conditions of water temperature natural cooling, persistently soaks seed 10 hours；
The Allium tuberasum.seeds are placed on gauze later, filter out excessive moisture；It covers wet gauze and is placed on vernalization in 20 DEG C of environment of temperature；
Through 3 days, 80% seed showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can sow.
3, implement to sow according to following operation：It is wet to broadcast method, it is broadcasted sowing in seedling furrow after presoaking and germinating, covers 2cm thin soils, broadcast per acre
Kind 7kg；Leek seedling growth is slow, answers sowing date for early sowing, is advisable daytime temperature stabilization 20 with late March to late April sowing
℃.The sandy loam for selecting soil layer deep, fertile, the soil of the preceding non-leek class vegetables of stubble is as nursery.
4, implement to be colonized according to following operation：Fragrant-flowered garlic seedling is risen, fibrous root apex is cut off, stays 2cm~3cm, to promote new root
Development.Leaf apex is cut off one section again, to reduce blade face evaporation, root system is maintained to absorb the balance with blade face evaporation.In furrow
By line-spacing 18cm~20cm, hill spacing 10cm, 8 plants~10 plants of seedling is planted per cave.
Select Small plastic shed for planting shed, arched shed is long：It is wide：2m high：0.8m is built up by bamboo pole and cement, top is arc-shaped, on
Face plastic covering, thermal insulation material width 1-1.2m, the straw screen or mat of long 3m.Canopy pre-processing is detained, mellow soil is uprooted, dries two days, applies bottom
Fertilizer, the slightly dry rear buckle film of soil.The canopy time is detained, the button canopy time is determined according to local climate, it is necessary to put up frame before frozen ground, sternly
Buckle film after a knife leek is cut before frost, is kept out the wind with cold-proof with cornstalk setting, is prepared resisting cold cotton-wadded quilt.Button canopy initial stage does not take off film and leaks informaton,
28-30 DEG C of daytime, 10-12 DEG C of night；After leek sprouts, canopy temperature control on daytime will be put at 15-24 DEG C when room temperature is more than 24 DEG C
Wind hydrofuge, relative humidity are maintained at 60%-70%, and night rests in 10-12 DEG C, and minimum to be not less than 5 DEG C, if temperature is low, lid is careless
Curtain is kept the temperature；Leek gathers in the last week reduction canopy temperature, and blade thickness is made to enlarge afforested area.Canopy temperature properly increases 2-3 DEG C after harvesting, stratification
5, it in the bradysia odoriphaga positive value outbreak period in April, carries out high temperature close plastic shed and occurs to control bradysia odoriphaga adult.Secondly, it is lacked on disconnected ridge
The region of seedling carries out pouring root with phoxim according to 300ml/ mus, placed sweet and sour wine liquid endangering serious plot more and cow dung is added
It is trapped and killed, it is in addition to place yellow plate more, and spread fertilizer over the fields cow dung around yellow plate and trapped and killed.After greenhouse removes film by the end of April, by 60
Yellow plate suspension 15-20cm from the ground, serpentine are uniformly arranged in long 120m, in the East and West direction leek canopy of wide 10m, every 15-20 days
Investigation statistics and replacement are carried out, until July.Later stage choose controlling, and endangering serious location to bradysia odoriphaga carries out sugar-vinegar liquid and yellow plate
Trapping.The leek in more summer is rooted out by the end of November, is removed weeds in field, and residual leaf and weeds are transported outside field, is cleaned out.Air dry two
It, then ground squirts, and applies 75kg/ mus of base fertilizer of composite fertilizer (16-13-16) and the hundred of 6kg/ mus strange micro- (according to its requirement
Using), ground earthing, water spray is moist, detains canopy.In leek seedling growth 12d or so, leek plant height 10cm, water-fertilizer integral is applied
Rushed and applied fertilizer with the roads 20kg Sheng Zhi, the watering of entire growth period three times, respectively before detaining canopy, top dressing, before harvesting.
6, the safety harvesting of leek, leek is the standard for cutting fragrant-flowered garlic with 7 leaf, 1 heart.Early morning harvesting is best, to cut 3- on bulb
It is advisable at 4cm leaf sheaths, often cutting a knife later should be more slightly higher than preceding stubble, just can guarantee normal growth.Safety harvesting in 25-30 days, harvesting
Principle " water replenishment, whole canopy gather in, are ventilative with wrapping, forbidding with cutting ".Every time harvesting after, after 2-3 days leek wound healing, newly
It when leaf goes out soon, is watered, top dressing.
Embodiment 2
Consistent with the leek implantation methods of embodiment 1, difference is before leek button canopy, using 500g/mu microorganisms
Bacterial manure and the hundred of 6kg/ mus strange micro- (according to its requirement application), ground earthing sprays, and detains canopy.
Embodiment 3
Consistent with the leek implantation methods of embodiment 1, difference is before leek button canopy, using 1000g/ mus of microorganisms
Bacterial manure, ground earthing, sprays, and detains canopy.Using accidental sampling, five pier leek are randomly selected, three plants of leek are randomly selected per pier,
Its harvesting is measured into its plant height with graduated scale；Then by paper slip around leek stem one week, one week length is measured with graduated scale to survey
Measure leek strain stem；It chooses and measures its leaf width with graduated scale in the middle part of the widest selection vein of leek leaf；Fresh weight electronic balance
It measures；Measure the chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of fresh blade.
The influence that the different base fertilizer of table 1 grows leek
Said determination the result shows that：The yield of leek implantation methods leek provided by the invention is high, and is keeping other
Under conditions of condition is all consistent, compared with the leek of application Common compound fertilizer, the leaf for the microbial-bacterial fertilizer leek that the present invention applies
Green element, leaf width, plant height, fresh weight do not have the difference of conspicuousness with application composite fertilizer and hundred strange micro- mixed leek.Using the present invention
The leek implantation methods that embodiment provides, can not only improve the yield of leek, improve the quality of leek.
A kind of method for safely planting of high-quality leek of the present invention, can be adapted for the safety in production of leek, in planting process,
Pesticide that can be scientific and reasonable, produces good agricultural product.
The better embodiment that these are only the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all spirit and original in the present invention
Within then, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of method for safely planting of high-quality leek, which is characterized in that the implantation methods include：
A) it chooses seeds, hot water treatment of seeds, sow, be colonized, cultivate；
B) field fertilizer and water management, including fertilising, watering and earthing, wherein the base fertilizer of application be selected from microbial-bacterial fertilizer, composite fertilizer and
Hundred strange micro-, microbial-bacterial fertilizers and hundred it is strange it is micro- in one kind；
C) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, including prevention Bradysia odoriphaga, thrips, green onion must squama moth, gray molds；
D) safety harvesting.
2. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step a), sowed by Allium tuberasum.seeds
Before, it is higher than 99% according to physical purity of seed, seed pure color, nothing are gone mouldy, and purity is higher than 95%, and germination percentage is higher than 80%, water
Point content is less than the Allium tuberasum.seeds that 8.5% standard selects disease-resistant, cold-resistant quality good.
3. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step a), described in following operation implementation
It hots water treatment of seeds：Allium tuberasum.seeds are impregnated with clear water 1-3 hours；It takes out the Allium tuberasum.seeds to be put into 50-55 DEG C of hot water, maintains water
Temperature seed soaking 10-20 minutes；Then it under conditions of water temperature natural cooling, persistently soaks seed 6-12 hours；Later by the leek kind
Son is placed on gauze, filters out excessive moisture；It covers wet gauze and is placed on vernalization in 15-20 DEG C of environment of temperature；Through 2-3 days, 80%
Seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can sow.
4. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step a), described in following operation implementation
Sowing：It is wet to broadcast method, it is broadcasted sowing in seedling furrow after presoaking and germinating, covers 2cm thin soils, sow 6-8kg per acre；Sowing date for early sowing, late March is extremely
Late April is sowed, and daytime temperature is stablized at 18-20 DEG C.
5. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step a), selection soil layer is deep, soil is fertile
Fertile, the soil of the preceding non-leek class vegetables of stubble is as nursery；
Implement the field planting according to following operation：Fragrant-flowered garlic seedling is risen, fibrous root apex is cut off, stays 2cm~3cm, line-spacing is pressed in furrow
18cm~20cm, hill spacing 10cm plant 8 plants~10 plants of seedling per cave；And implement the cultivation according to following operation：Focus on leek
Peak of growing season, rational to arrange plantation update, preceding 1-2 annual outputs are relatively low after field planting, and 3-6 is peak of growing season, yield highest, and 10
Enter ageing phase after year, answers timely plant division to transplant, 7-9 mus of fragrant-flowered garlic fields of 1 mu of seedling planting.
6. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step b), carry out field in accordance with the following methods
Fertilizer and water management：
Fertilising：It applies fertilizer to the subsoil before button canopy, the base fertilizer of leek growth period water-fertilizer integral, application is selected from microbial-bacterial fertilizer, composite fertilizer
With hundred strange micro-, microbial-bacterial fertilizers and hundred it is strange it is micro- in one kind；
Watering：Seedling all sprouts the phase, gently pours diligent pour；Height of seedling 15cm, control watering；Summer controls water；Enter and pours a water per 5-7d after autumn；
Leek grows animated period, ample supply rich water；Irrigation amount is reduced after early October；It is transferred to arched shed November, is poured before detaining canopy
Thoroughly, first planting leek 15cm or so pours two times water, and later water-fertilizer integral is primary every watering in 10 days；Before harvesting, keep the skin wet；
And
Earthing:After watering applies fertilizer to the subsoil before leek button canopy, need, in earthing 2-3cm above, to carry out an earthing every year, solve leek
Adjust root.
7. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step b), planting shed is Small plastic shed, arched shed
It is long：It is wide：2m high：0.8m is built up by bamboo pole and cement, and top is arc-shaped, plastic covering above, thermal insulation material width 1-1.2m,
The straw screen or mat of long 3m；
Canopy pre-processing is detained, mellow soil is uprooted, dries two days, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, the slightly dry rear buckle film of soil.
8. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step b), button canopy initial stage does not take off film and leaks informaton, in vain
It 28-30 DEG C, 10-12 DEG C of night；
After leek sprouts, canopy temperature control on daytime is at 15-24 DEG C, and will leak informaton hydrofuge when room temperature is more than 24 DEG C, and relative humidity is kept
In 60%-70%, night rests in 10-12 DEG C, and minimum to be not less than 5 DEG C, if temperature is low, lid straw screen or mat is kept the temperature；
Leek gathers in the last week reduction canopy temperature, and blade thickness is made to enlarge afforested area.Canopy temperature properly increases 2-3 DEG C after harvesting, stratification.
9. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step c), the step of prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is specific
Including：
Bradysia odoriphaga：Start mid-March to be monitored prevention and control, the yellow plate of field suspension, yellow plate suspension to Bradysia odoriphaga
15-20cm from the ground, serpentine are evenly spaced in around yellow plate and spread cow dung, and feelings were covered according to the borer population on yellow plate every 10-20 days
Condition is replaced, and field causes harm in the case of unevenness, choose controlling, and to endangering, serious location carries out sugar-vinegar liquid and yellow card's trap adult is anti-
Only it is laid eggs；Bradysia odoriphaga outbreak period in April, greenhouse reduce the population quantity of Bradysia odoriphaga by high temperature close plastic shed before removing film；4
When the middle ten days and the last ten days to the June moon, adult occurrence quantity was larger, irrigation times and time interval are controlled, to reduce required for female adult oviposition
Humidity environment, watering in 25 days to 30 days is primary, and chemical agent root irrigation is carried out before detaining canopy November；
Green onion must squama moth：By the end of November, farmland is modified, the weeds of the blade for the old leek rooted out and surrounding are timely cleared up and remote
Distance processing；
Thrips：During generation, the residual leaf of field deadwood is removed, reduces hibernating base；Spraying treatment, to reduce insect density；Yellow plate
Trapping；
Gray mold：Early stage strictly controls the humidity of greenhouse according to the time of leaking informaton according to local temperature；After leek harvesting,
Invalid body is removed, it is buried or burn, prevent germ from spreading；Ventilation wet down in due course, ventilation will be determined according to the growing way of leek；Just
When the leek cut or low ambient temperature, ventilation quantity wants small or delay ventilation, prevents wind of sweeping the floor；In leek gray mold early stage
Or 50% procymidone wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid are applied before the onset, per 7-10 days, spray was primary, the safety used on leek
Interval is 30 days, and most access times in each crop period are 1 time.
10. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step c), select suitable instrument desinsection,
Sterilization, weeding, different operations select different nozzles；It is sprayed in due course according to weather, selects operation under fine day calm condition, on
Noon 8-10 point, afternoon, 5-7 points, selected the vigorous time spray of pest activity；Corresponding dispenser is taken according to different controlling objects
Technology.
11. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step d), the safety harvesting of leek, Winter-Spring
Season, arched shed leek gathered in 3 batches, and leek is the standard for cutting fragrant-flowered garlic with 7 leaf, 1 heart, and early morning harvesting is cut on bulb at 3-4cm leaf sheaths, with
It is higher than preceding stubble that a knife is often cut afterwards, to ensure normal growth；
Safety harvesting in 25-30 days, harvesting principle " water replenishment, whole canopy gather in, are ventilative with wrapping, forbidding with cutting ", every time after harvesting,
It when leek wound healing, young leaves go out soon after 2-3 days, is watered, top dressing, during May next year-November, is not gathered in, to support root
Based on, open country management.
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