CN104838941A - High-yield and high-efficiency spring melon-autumn melon-winter asparagus lettuce cultivation mode - Google Patents
High-yield and high-efficiency spring melon-autumn melon-winter asparagus lettuce cultivation mode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104838941A CN104838941A CN201510195167.2A CN201510195167A CN104838941A CN 104838941 A CN104838941 A CN 104838941A CN 201510195167 A CN201510195167 A CN 201510195167A CN 104838941 A CN104838941 A CN 104838941A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- melon
- autumn
- muskmelon
- seedling
- days
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield and high-efficiency spring melon-autumn melon-winter asparagus lettuce cultivation technique. The specific cultivation process includes the steps of variety selection of melons, sowing and seedling raising, nutrient soil preparation, transplanting and field planting, field management, variety selection of asparagus lettuces, sowing and seedling raising, transplanting and field planting, and field management. The problems that in traditional open cultivation modes of thick-skin melons at present, melons come into the market late, pest and disease damage is severe, and the yield and benefits are low are solved, economic benefits are increased, and the mode is applicable to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and regions with similar climates.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production cultivation field of vegetables, specifically a kind of spring muskmelon-Qiu muskmelon-Dong leaf vegetables high-yield high-efficiency cultivation technology.
Background technology
Jingmen is positioned in the middle part of Hubei, belongs to monsoon climatic region, subtropics, has the cambic climatic characteristic in typical north and south, and photo-thermal is sufficient, rainfall is abundant.Muskmelon is one of melon and fruit of people's eating, and demand is large.Muskmelon contains abundant malic acid, glucose, amino acid, vitamin C etc.According to surveying and determination, compared with watermelon, muskmelon moisture and protein content less, but aromatic substance, mineral matter, sugar and ascorbic content are then apparently higher than watermelon.Eat muskmelon summer to relieve summer heat heat, separate polydipsia, also help human heart, liver and intestinal tract.At present, rural area in the production cultivation of muskmelon, muskmelon listing evening, damage by disease and insect there is serious, output and benefit lower.Muskmelon 100-110 days in spring in the time of infertility, autumn 80-90 days, spring is by the end of January to early March nursery, mid-May picking time is to early July, early August in autumn, early November picking time, this greenhouse cultivation pattern was unfavorable for effective utilization in soil to late December to late September nursery, have a 1-4 month soil to be in idle state in the whole year, the planting benefit of booth is lower.
Current melon wilt method also exists a lot of defect in actual application.The object of the invention is the defect for above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of more practical, more scientific production method, after improving, technical scheme practicality is higher.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention has designed and developed a kind of greenhouse fruit rice culture pattern, " spring muskmelon-Qiu muskmelon-Dong leaf vegetables " three crops per annual cropping pattern is taked to carry out facility cultivation, the annual 667 ㎡ output value 1.9 ten thousand yuan, net income 1.2 ten thousand yuan, both enrich civic vegetable basket, drive increasing peasant income again.It improves land utilization rate, increases grain yield, Ensuring Food Safety, promotes that peasant's revenue is two and increases.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of high-yield and high-efficiency spring muskmelon-Qiu muskmelon-Dong leaf vegetables cultivation mode, comprising:
First batch of spring takes " booth+mulch film+Small plastic shed " three layers of mulching plant muskmelon, sowing on January No. 10-15, nursery of heating, late Febuary-early March field planting, mid-May goes on the market, and stops garden by the end of June.
Second batch of muskmelon in autumn 25-30 in June day is sowed, nursery of sheltering from heat or light, field planting mid-July, goes on the market, stop garden by the end of October at the beginning of 9 months.
3rd batch the winter leaf vegetables can select asparagus lettuce, sowing asparagus lettuce mid-September, field planting mid-November, the middle ten days and the last ten days in January goes on the market, 2 Yue Chuba gardens.
Wherein educate spring muskmelon seedling the beginning of the year, select be the spring muskmelon of 100-110 days the time of infertility, select autumn be the autumn muskmelon of 70-85 days in time of infertility, winter, asparagus lettuce selected be the asparagus lettuce kind of 95-105 days the time of infertility.
Concrete cultivation comprises the Fruit variety of muskmelon, seeding and seedling raising, nutritive soil preparation, transplant planting, field management, the Fruit variety of asparagus lettuce, seeding and seedling raising, transplant planting, field management.
Melon variety is selected: sky honey crisp pear, has the foreign muskmelon kind of crisp pear local flavor, best in quality.Mid-early maturity, about 38 days breeding time of fruit, single fruit weight 700-1000g, spring and autumn can select kind in different time of infertility.Pericarp pure white, smooth beautiful.Pulp pure white, is of close texture crisp and refreshing, fragrant and sweet good to eat.Soluble solid content about 18%.This kind storage tolerance is extremely strong, can deposit 30 days under natural conditions;
Seeding and seedling raising: carry out nursery in winter warm type greenhouse by solar heat, long 70-80m, the wide 10m of internal diameter, be equipped with thermal insulation quilt and hot-blast stove.Cement skeleton booth (internal diameter 6m) or steelframe booth (internal diameter 8m) can be selected autumn, be equipped with Small plastic shed, sunshade net.
Take cave to coil soilless substrate seedling raising manners, 55 hard cave, hole dishes selected by cave dish, and board commodity matrix that matrix is selected " Lu Qing ", through presoaking and germinating, sowing, seedling management, strong sprout.
A. presoaking and germinating is basked seeds before broadcasting 1-2 days, to soak seed general 4 hours, spring can scald seed soaking by temperature, autumn just can with running water, constantly wash seed coat by rubbing with the hands during seed soaking, to wash the material of its surperficial sprout inhibition off, germination temperature controls at 30 DEG C, general 20 hours just can sprout, and autumn is vernalization at normal temperatures.
B. sow: can lie low down and be sowed in cave by bud point when seed 80% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, sprinkle lid seed matrix, irrigate 3000 times and dislike mulch film on mould clever bonnets, heat and moisture preserving.
C. seedling management: use hot-blast stove to heat in early spring greenhouse, day temperature controls at 25-28 DEG C, night 15-20 DEG C, throw off when there being the seedling teleblem of about 50% mulch film seedling is shown in light afforest, in time manually " raising one's hat "; Cavities matrix capacity is few, will water in time during dry tack free, and field planting should control water hardening (during high temperature summer and autumn, noon wants covered with sunshade net, in case young plant sunburn) the last week; Seedling stage attention control damping off, the disease such as vertical withered, anthrax.
D. strong sprout standard: height of seedling 12-16cm, true leaf 2 leaf 1 heart or 3 leaf 1 hearts, cotyledonary node height about 4cm, the thick 4-6mm of stem, expansion degree 10-16cm, cotyledon is intact, well developed root system, dark green leaf color, without damage by disease and insect.
Nutritive soil preparation: 667 ㎡ execute Chicken dung 2000kg, superphosphate 50kg, sulfenyl nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 80kg, wherein 70% of fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields before whole ground, and 30% fertilizer and chemical fertilizer impose on (layering and soil fully mix) in furrow before doing ridge.The bedding cultivation of zanjon height, furrow width 30cm, dark 25cm.The wide steelframe booth of 8m opens 5 railway carriage or compartments, and 6m wide cement skeleton booth opens 4 railway carriage or compartments.Lay irrigate band, build mulch film and wait to plant.
Transplant planting: build the insulation of canopy film for before field planting in spring 15-20 days, every railway carriage or compartment plants single file, spacing in the rows 30cm, 667 ㎡ field planting 1200 strains.Resident time selects cold tail to warm up the fine day of head early spring, and the previous day, use water irrigated cave seedling dish, in order to lifting, irrigates the normal root water of 800 times of carbendazim or the mould spirit of 3000 times of evils, and build Small plastic shed after cultivation; Sunshade net can be added a cover on canopy film when fall temperature high light line is strong.
Field management: comprise Plant adjustment, flower and fruit protecting, temperature fertile management, diseases and pests controlling etc.,
Plant adjustment: select to climb ground formula planting type, two climing training, when young melon grows to egg size, 4-6 good melon of selecting and remain, all the other young fruits are destroyed in time.After having selected melon, 10 leaves after melon, are stayed to pinch.
Flower and fruit protecting: a. artificial pollination: Cucumis androgyny crop, artificial pollination is carried out at early spring at 8-10 o'clock in the morning; Summer and autumn carry out at 7-10 o'clock in the morning.B. hormone fruit retention: according to temperature height, blend the concentration of effective remedy for bearing, be watered by operation instruction.When female flower is open, the seat melon spirit writing brush prepared is coated on melon handle or is stained with flower.
The fertile management of temperature: temperature controls: after determining melon, day temperature controls at 30 DEG C-33 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls, more than 15 DEG C, to widen day and night temperature, is beneficial to the accumulation of sugar, improves the commodity of melon.Water and fertilizer management: water swollen melon water after determining melon, every 667 ㎡ execute water soluble composite fertilizer 30kg with water punching, rush again execute potassium sulfate 20kg every 7-10 days.After coming to the ripening period, stop watering, to improve quality.
Diseases and pests controlling: the disease of Melon mainly contains: blight dis-ease, epidemic disease, downy mildew, root rot, virus disease.Insect pest is mainly: aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, Liriomyza, acarid etc.Blight dis-ease: whole breeding time all can fall ill.During hot and humid or low temperature and high relative humidity, easily occur.Blight dis-ease will be relied mainly on prevention, and Timeliness coverage is treated in time.Available 72% gram of dew 1000 times or high 1500 times of generation spray or fill with root.Epidemic disease, downy mildew: hot and humid easy generation, select 64% Sandofan 600 times, the 500 times of sprayings of 68.75% silver hair profit.Root rot: easily occur during low temperature and high relative humidity, can select and dislike mould clever 2000 times of filling roots.Virus disease: easily occur during high temperature and drought, aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum are easily propagated.Virus disease will be relied mainly on prevention, and enters the high temperature and drought phase, beats virus stock solution used or viral A alternately sprays every 10 days.Aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum: in canopy, use yellow plate, both sides ventilating opening uses fly net to carry out physical control, Imidacloprid, pymetrozine etc. also can be used to spray and prevent and treat.
Fruit harvesting: ripening fruits color of the leather light is pure white, near top is micro-yellow swooning, and ripe to pollination date and kind property must be combined when gathering.Gather and stop watering laxative, to ensure the quality of melon in first 15 days.
The Fruit variety of asparagus lettuce: Fujian hanging wire is red, belongs to middle-late ripening variety, and fast, root system is shallow and intensive in growth, leaf tail point, and wrinkling in blade face, has projection, blade edge purple, and stem is upright, and lavender, thick flavor, skin is thin, and edible rate is high, and meat is emerald green.
Seeding and seedling raising: asparagus lettuce autumn delayed cultivation all adopts the method for the seedling raising and transplanting that shelters from heat or light.Loosing soil, fertile, well-drained high and dry shady and cool plot should be selected in seedbed.Nursery stage is in high temperature season early autumn, seed sprouting difficulty, seed low temperature treatment must be carried out, clean seed is eluriated by after seed soaking, put into freezer compartment of refrigerator and deposit 24 hours, make it to be frozen into ice cube, then take out and be placed on indoor shady and cool ventilation place, ice cube is slowly dissolved, and seed can slowly germinate.
Transplant planting: after front stubble muskmelon results in time wholely, every 667 ㎡ use high-quality decomposed manure 2000kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg, borax 2kg.4 railway carriage or compartments opened by the roomy canopy of 8m, and 3 railway carriage or compartments opened by the roomy canopy of 6m, and field planting seeding row spacing is (25 ~ 30) cm × (25 ~ 30) cm, and every 667 ㎡ plant 5000 ~ 6000 strains.After field planting, temperature is still higher, can covered with sunshade net, promotes slow seedling.
Field management: water and fertilizer management: the mode of watering is lay spray irrigation band in ditch to spray, topdresses three times when slow seedling, group, stem expand, based on urea, and every 667 ㎡ 5-10kg.
The extermination of disease and insect pest: main diseases and insect pests has downy mildew, stalk break, soft rot, aphid etc., can select the medicaments such as the many Mils of thunder, dimethachlon, agricultural streptomycin, Imidacloprid to carry out spraying control.
Gather: listing of gathering in time when asparagus lettuce lobus cardiacus flat mouth.
Technique effect of the present invention is, adopts above-mentioned technical scheme, make use of the warming effect of facility spring, and Time To Market done sth. in advance by forcing culture muskmelon, and it is good and best in quality to add kind, and benefit is comparatively remarkable; Utilize autumn facility to shelter from heat or light rain shelter cultivation, ensure that the quality of muskmelon; Utilize booth kind one last month of autumn to delay asparagus lettuce simultaneously in winter, turn increase income.Suggestion melon wilt can use the climing cultivation of vertical hanging, utilizes booth space to increase planting density, suitable increase yield and benefit; Winter, leaf vegetables can also select the kinds such as celery, crowndaisy chrysanthemum, coriander except asparagus lettuce.This pattern is suitable for the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and the application of similar climate area.
It can realize a kind of high-yield and high-efficiency spring muskmelon-Qiu muskmelon-Dong asparagus lettuce culture technique, improves melon yield about 40%, increase the benefit more than 50%, and mouthfeel is good, and clear and melodious sweetness taste just.Spring, melon yield was higher, 667 ㎡ output 2000kg, and average unit price calculates with 4 yuan/kg, the output value 8000 yuan, and removing production cost has a net gain 5000 yuan; Autumn 667 ㎡ output 1500kg, the output value 6000 yuan, removing production cost, have a net gain 4000 yuan; Autumn muskmelon results after, plantation asparagus lettuce, 667 ㎡ output 2500kg, average unit price calculates with 2 yuan/kg, takes in 5000 yuan, pure receipts more than 3000 yuan.The annual 667 ㎡ output value 1.9 ten thousand yuan, net income more than 1.2 ten thousand yuan.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
This working of an invention process is as follows:
1 crops for rotation arrangement
First batch of spring takes " booth+mulch film+Small plastic shed " three layers of mulching plant muskmelon, sowing on January No. 10-15, nursery of heating, late Febuary-early March field planting, mid-May goes on the market, and stops garden by the end of June.
Second batch of muskmelon in autumn 25-30 in June day is sowed, nursery of sheltering from heat or light, field planting mid-July, goes on the market, stop garden by the end of October at the beginning of 9 months.
3rd batch the winter leaf vegetables can select asparagus lettuce, sowing asparagus lettuce mid-September, field planting mid-November, the middle ten days and the last ten days in January goes on the market, 2 Yue Chuba gardens.
2 cultural technigue
2.1 device selection
1. culture facility: winter warm type greenhouse by solar heat, long 70-80m, the wide 10m of internal diameter, be equipped with thermal insulation quilt and hot-blast stove.
2. production facility: can select cement skeleton booth (internal diameter 6m) or steelframe booth (internal diameter 8m), is equipped with Small plastic shed, sunshade net.
3. water-fertilizer integral facility: comprise PE water-supply-pipe, irrigate band, Pressure Filter System etc.
2.2 melon wilt main points
1. Fruit variety: sky honey crisp pear, has the foreign muskmelon kind of crisp pear local flavor, best in quality.Mid-early maturity, about 38 days breeding time of fruit, single fruit weight 700-1000g.Pericarp pure white, smooth beautiful.Pulp pure white, is of close texture crisp and refreshing, fragrant and sweet good to eat.Soluble solid content about 18%.This kind storage tolerance is extremely strong, can deposit 30 days under natural conditions.
2. seeding and seedling raising: take cave to coil soilless substrate seedling raising manners, 55 hard cave, hole dishes selected by cave dish, board commodity matrix that matrix is selected " Lu Qing ".
A. presoaking and germinating is basked seeds before broadcasting 1-2 days, to soak seed general 4 hours, spring can scald seed soaking by temperature, autumn just can with running water, constantly wash seed coat by rubbing with the hands during seed soaking, to wash the material of its surperficial sprout inhibition off, germination temperature controls at 30 DEG C, general 20 hours just can sprout, and autumn is vernalization at normal temperatures.
B. sow: can lie low down and be sowed in cave by bud point when seed 80% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, sprinkle lid seed matrix, irrigate 3000 times and dislike mulch film on mould clever bonnets, heat and moisture preserving.
C. seedling management: use hot-blast stove to heat in early spring greenhouse, day temperature controls at 25-28 DEG C, night 15-20 DEG C, throw off when there being the seedling teleblem of about 50% mulch film seedling is shown in light afforest, in time manually " raising one's hat "; Cavities matrix capacity is few, will water in time during dry tack free, and field planting should control water hardening (during high temperature summer and autumn, noon wants covered with sunshade net, in case young plant sunburn) the last week; Seedling stage attention control damping off, the disease such as vertical withered, anthrax.
D. strong sprout standard: height of seedling 12-16cm, true leaf 2 leaf 1 heart or 3 leaf 1 hearts, cotyledonary node height about 4cm, the thick 4-6mm of stem, expansion degree 10-16cm, cotyledon is intact, well developed root system, dark green leaf color, without damage by disease and insect.
Bedding 3. wholely, basal dressing: the bedding cultivation of zanjon height, furrow width 30cm, dark 25cm.The wide steelframe booth of 8m opens 5 railway carriage or compartments, and 6m wide cement skeleton booth opens 4 railway carriage or compartments.667 ㎡ execute Chicken dung 2000kg, superphosphate 50kg, sulfenyl nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 80kg, and wherein 70% of fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields before whole ground, and 30% fertilizer and chemical fertilizer impose on (layering and soil fully mix) in furrow before doing ridge.Lay irrigate band, build mulch film and wait to plant.
4. field planting: build the insulation of canopy film for before field planting in spring 15-20 days, every railway carriage or compartment plants single file, spacing in the rows 30cm, 667 ㎡ field planting 1200 strains.Resident time selects cold tail to warm up the fine day of head early spring, and the previous day, use water irrigated cave seedling dish, in order to lifting, irrigates the normal root water of 800 times of carbendazim or the mould spirit of 3000 times of evils, and build Small plastic shed after cultivation; Sunshade net can be added a cover on canopy film when fall temperature high light line is strong.
5. Plant adjustment: select to climb ground formula planting type, two climing training, when young melon grows to egg size, 4-6 good melon of selecting and remain, all the other young fruits are destroyed in time.After having selected melon, 10 leaves after melon, are stayed to pinch.
6. flower and fruit protecting:
A. artificial pollination: Cucumis androgyny crop, artificial pollination is carried out at early spring at 8-10 o'clock in the morning; Summer and autumn carry out at 7-10 o'clock in the morning.
B. hormone fruit retention: according to temperature height, blend the concentration of effective remedy for bearing, be watered by operation instruction.When female flower is open, the seat melon spirit writing brush prepared is coated on melon handle or is stained with flower.
7. temperature treatment: after determining melon, day temperature controls at 30 DEG C-33 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls, more than 15 DEG C, to widen day and night temperature, is beneficial to the accumulation of sugar, improves the commodity of melon.
8. water and fertilizer management: water swollen melon water after determining melon, every 667 ㎡ execute water soluble composite fertilizer 30kg with water punching, rush again execute potassium sulfate 20kg every 7-10 days.After coming to the ripening period, stop watering, to improve quality.
9. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the disease of Melon mainly contains: blight dis-ease, epidemic disease, downy mildew, root rot, virus disease.Insect pest is mainly: aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, Liriomyza, acarid etc.
Blight dis-ease: whole breeding time all can fall ill.During hot and humid or low temperature and high relative humidity, easily occur.Blight dis-ease will be relied mainly on prevention, and Timeliness coverage is treated in time.Available 72% gram of dew 1000 times or high 1500 times of generation spray or fill with root.Epidemic disease, downy mildew: hot and humid easy generation, select 64% Sandofan 600 times, the 500 times of sprayings of 68.75% silver hair profit.
Root rot: easily occur during low temperature and high relative humidity, can select and dislike mould clever 2000 times of filling roots.
Virus disease: easily occur during high temperature and drought, aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum are easily propagated.Virus disease will be relied mainly on prevention, and enters the high temperature and drought phase, beats virus stock solution used or viral A alternately sprays every 10 days.
Aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum: in canopy, use yellow plate, both sides ventilating opening uses fly net to carry out physical control, Imidacloprid, pymetrozine etc. also can be used to spray and prevent and treat.
10. gather: ripening fruits color of the leather light is pure white, near top is micro-yellow swooning, and ripe to pollination date and kind property must be combined when gathering.Gather and stop watering laxative, to ensure the quality of melon in first 15 days.
2.3 asparagus lettuce cultural technigue
1. Fruit variety: Fujian hanging wire is red, belongs to middle-late ripening variety, and fast, root system is shallow and intensive in growth, leaf tail point, and wrinkling in blade face, has projection, blade edge purple, and stem is upright, and lavender, thick flavor, skin is thin, and edible rate is high, and meat is emerald green.
2. seeding and seedling raising: asparagus lettuce autumn delayed cultivation all adopts the method for the seedling raising and transplanting that shelters from heat or light.Loosing soil, fertile, well-drained high and dry shady and cool plot should be selected in seedbed.Nursery stage is in high temperature season early autumn, seed sprouting difficulty, seed low temperature treatment must be carried out, clean seed is eluriated by after seed soaking, put into freezer compartment of refrigerator and deposit 24 hours, make it to be frozen into ice cube, then take out and be placed on indoor shady and cool ventilation place, ice cube is slowly dissolved, and seed can slowly germinate.
3. field planting: after front stubble muskmelon results in time wholely, every 667 ㎡ use high-quality decomposed manure 2000kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg, borax 2kg.4 railway carriage or compartments opened by the roomy canopy of 8m, and 3 railway carriage or compartments opened by the roomy canopy of 6m, and field planting seeding row spacing is (25 ~ 30) cm × (25 ~ 30) cm, and every 667 ㎡ plant 5000 ~ 6000 strains.After field planting, temperature is still higher, can covered with sunshade net, promotes slow seedling.
4. water and fertilizer management: the mode of watering is lay spray irrigation band in ditch to spray, topdresses three times when slow seedling, group, stem expand, based on urea, and every 667 ㎡ 5-10kg.
5. the extermination of disease and insect pest: main diseases and insect pests has downy mildew, stalk break, soft rot, aphid etc., can select the medicaments such as the many Mils of thunder, dimethachlon, agricultural streptomycin, Imidacloprid to carry out spraying control.
6. gather: listing of gathering in time when asparagus lettuce lobus cardiacus flat mouth.
3. mode evaluation
This pattern make use of the warming effect of facility spring, forcing culture muskmelon, has done sth. in advance Time To Market, and it is good and best in quality to add kind, and benefit is comparatively remarkable; Utilize autumn facility to shelter from heat or light rain shelter cultivation, ensure that the quality of muskmelon; Utilize booth kind one last month of autumn to delay asparagus lettuce simultaneously in winter, turn increase income.Suggestion melon wilt can use the climing cultivation of vertical hanging, utilizes booth space to increase planting density, suitable increase yield and benefit; Winter, leaf vegetables can also select the kinds such as celery, crowndaisy chrysanthemum, coriander except asparagus lettuce.
Claims (4)
1. a high-yield and high-efficiency spring muskmelon-Qiu muskmelon-Dong leaf vegetables culture technique, concrete cultivation comprises the Fruit variety of muskmelon, seeding and seedling raising, nutritive soil preparation, transplant planting, field management, the Fruit variety of asparagus lettuce, seeding and seedling raising, transplant planting, field management.
Comprise:
First batch of spring takes " booth+mulch film+Small plastic shed " three layers of mulching plant muskmelon, sowing on January No. 10-15, nursery of heating, late Febuary-early March field planting, mid-May goes on the market, and stops garden by the end of June.
Second batch of muskmelon in autumn 25-30 in June day is sowed, nursery of sheltering from heat or light, field planting mid-July, goes on the market, stop garden by the end of October at the beginning of 9 months.
3rd batch the winter leaf vegetables can select asparagus lettuce, sowing asparagus lettuce mid-September, field planting mid-November, the middle ten days and the last ten days in January goes on the market, 2 Yue Chuba gardens.
2. technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: wherein educate spring muskmelon seedling the beginning of the year, select be the spring muskmelon of 100-110 days the time of infertility, select autumn be the autumn muskmelon of 70-85 days in time of infertility, winter, asparagus lettuce selected be the asparagus lettuce kind of 95-105 days the time of infertility.
3. the technology according to claim 1-2, is characterized in that: the culture technique of spring muskmelon, autumn muskmelon comprises melon variety and selects: sky honey crisp pear, has the foreign muskmelon kind of crisp pear local flavor, best in quality.Mid-early maturity, about 38 days breeding time of fruit, single fruit weight 700-1000g, spring and autumn can select kind in different time of infertility.Pericarp pure white, smooth beautiful.Pulp pure white, is of close texture crisp and refreshing, fragrant and sweet good to eat.Soluble solid content about 18%.This kind storage tolerance is extremely strong, can deposit 30 days under natural conditions;
Seeding and seedling raising: carry out nursery in winter warm type greenhouse by solar heat, long 70-80m, the wide 10m of internal diameter, be equipped with thermal insulation quilt and hot-blast stove.Cement skeleton booth (internal diameter 6m) or steelframe booth (internal diameter 8m) can be selected autumn, be equipped with Small plastic shed, sunshade net.
Take cave to coil soilless substrate seedling raising manners, 55 hard cave, hole dishes selected by cave dish, and board commodity matrix that matrix is selected " Lu Qing ", through presoaking and germinating, sowing, seedling management, strong sprout.
A. presoaking and germinating is basked seeds before broadcasting 1-2 days, to soak seed general 4 hours, spring can scald seed soaking by temperature, autumn just can with running water, constantly wash seed coat by rubbing with the hands during seed soaking, to wash the material of its surperficial sprout inhibition off, germination temperature controls at 30 DEG C, general 20 hours just can sprout, and autumn is vernalization at normal temperatures.
B. sow: can lie low down and be sowed in cave by bud point when seed 80% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, sprinkle lid seed matrix, irrigate 3000 times and dislike mulch film on mould clever bonnets, heat and moisture preserving.
C. seedling management: use hot-blast stove to heat in early spring greenhouse, day temperature controls at 25-28 DEG C, night 15-20 DEG C, throw off when there being the seedling teleblem of about 50% mulch film seedling is shown in light afforest, in time manually " raising one's hat "; Cavities matrix capacity is few, will water in time during dry tack free, and field planting should control water hardening (during high temperature summer and autumn, noon wants covered with sunshade net, in case young plant sunburn) the last week; Seedling stage attention control damping off, the disease such as vertical withered, anthrax.
D. strong sprout standard: height of seedling 12-16cm, true leaf 2 leaf 1 heart or 3 leaf 1 hearts, cotyledonary node height about 4cm, the thick 4-6mm of stem, expansion degree 10-16cm, cotyledon is intact, well developed root system, dark green leaf color, without damage by disease and insect.
Nutritive soil preparation: 667 ㎡ execute Chicken dung 2000kg, superphosphate 50kg, sulfenyl nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 80kg, wherein 70% of fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields before whole ground, and 30% fertilizer and chemical fertilizer impose on (layering and soil fully mix) in furrow before doing ridge.The bedding cultivation of zanjon height, furrow width 30cm, dark 25cm.The wide steelframe booth of 8m opens 5 railway carriage or compartments, and 6m wide cement skeleton booth opens 4 railway carriage or compartments.Lay irrigate band, build mulch film and wait to plant.
Transplant planting: build the insulation of canopy film for before field planting in spring 15-20 days, every railway carriage or compartment plants single file, spacing in the rows 30cm, 667 ㎡ field planting 1200 strains.Resident time selects cold tail to warm up the fine day of head early spring, and the previous day, use water irrigated cave seedling dish, in order to lifting, irrigates the normal root water of 800 times of carbendazim or the mould spirit of 3000 times of evils, and build Small plastic shed after cultivation; Sunshade net can be added a cover on canopy film when fall temperature high light line is strong.
Field management: comprise Plant adjustment, flower and fruit protecting, temperature fertile management, diseases and pests controlling etc.,
Plant adjustment: select to climb ground formula planting type, two climing training, when young melon grows to egg size, 4-6 good melon of selecting and remain, all the other young fruits are destroyed in time.After having selected melon, 10 leaves after melon, are stayed to pinch.
Flower and fruit protecting: a. artificial pollination: Cucumis androgyny crop, artificial pollination is carried out at early spring at 8-10 o'clock in the morning; Summer and autumn carry out at 7-10 o'clock in the morning.B. hormone fruit retention: according to temperature height, blend the concentration of effective remedy for bearing, be watered by operation instruction.When female flower is open, the seat melon spirit writing brush prepared is coated on melon handle or is stained with flower.
The fertile management of temperature: temperature controls: after determining melon, day temperature controls at 30 DEG C-33 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls, more than 15 DEG C, to widen day and night temperature, is beneficial to the accumulation of sugar, improves the commodity of melon.Water and fertilizer management: water swollen melon water after determining melon, every 667 ㎡ execute water soluble composite fertilizer 30kg with water punching, rush again execute potassium sulfate 20kg every 7-10 days.After coming to the ripening period, stop watering, to improve quality.
Diseases and pests controlling: the disease of Melon mainly contains: blight dis-ease, epidemic disease, downy mildew, root rot, virus disease.Insect pest is mainly: aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, Liriomyza, acarid etc.Blight dis-ease: whole breeding time all can fall ill.During hot and humid or low temperature and high relative humidity, easily occur.Blight dis-ease will be relied mainly on prevention, and Timeliness coverage is treated in time.Available 72% gram of dew 1000 times or high 1500 times of generation spray or fill with root.Epidemic disease, downy mildew: hot and humid easy generation, select 64% Sandofan 600 times, the 500 times of sprayings of 68.75% silver hair profit.Root rot: easily occur during low temperature and high relative humidity, can select and dislike mould clever 2000 times of filling roots.Virus disease: easily occur during high temperature and drought, aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum are easily propagated.Virus disease will be relied mainly on prevention, and enters the high temperature and drought phase, beats virus stock solution used or viral A alternately sprays every 10 days.Aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum: in canopy, use yellow plate, both sides ventilating opening uses fly net to carry out physical control, Imidacloprid, pymetrozine etc. also can be used to spray and prevent and treat.
Fruit harvesting: ripening fruits color of the leather light is pure white, near top is micro-yellow swooning, and ripe to pollination date and kind property must be combined when gathering.Gather and stop watering laxative, to ensure the quality of melon in first 15 days.
4. the technology according to claim 1-3, is characterized in that: the culture technique of winter asparagus lettuce comprises the Fruit variety of asparagus lettuce: Fujian hanging wire is red, belongs to middle-late ripening variety, fast, root system is shallow and intensive in growth, leaf tail point, wrinkling in blade face, has projection, blade edge purple, stem is upright, lavender, thick flavor, skin is thin, edible rate is high, and meat is emerald green.
Seeding and seedling raising: asparagus lettuce autumn delayed cultivation all adopts the method for the seedling raising and transplanting that shelters from heat or light.Loosing soil, fertile, well-drained high and dry shady and cool plot should be selected in seedbed.Nursery stage is in high temperature season early autumn, seed sprouting difficulty, seed low temperature treatment must be carried out, clean seed is eluriated by after seed soaking, put into freezer compartment of refrigerator and deposit 24 hours, make it to be frozen into ice cube, then take out and be placed on indoor shady and cool ventilation place, ice cube is slowly dissolved, and seed can slowly germinate.
Transplant planting: after front stubble muskmelon results in time wholely, every 667 ㎡ use high-quality decomposed manure 2000kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg, borax 2kg.4 railway carriage or compartments opened by the roomy canopy of 8m, and 3 railway carriage or compartments opened by the roomy canopy of 6m, and field planting seeding row spacing is (25 ~ 30) cm × (25 ~ 30) cm, and every 667 ㎡ plant 5000 ~ 6000 strains.After field planting, temperature is still higher, can covered with sunshade net, promotes slow seedling.
Field management: water and fertilizer management: the mode of watering is lay spray irrigation band in ditch to spray, topdresses three times when slow seedling, group, stem expand, based on urea, and every 667 ㎡ 5-10kg.
The extermination of disease and insect pest: main diseases and insect pests has downy mildew, stalk break, soft rot, aphid etc., can select the medicaments such as the many Mils of thunder, dimethachlon, agricultural streptomycin, Imidacloprid to carry out spraying control.
Gather: listing of gathering in time when asparagus lettuce lobus cardiacus flat mouth.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510195167.2A CN104838941A (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2015-04-22 | High-yield and high-efficiency spring melon-autumn melon-winter asparagus lettuce cultivation mode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510195167.2A CN104838941A (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2015-04-22 | High-yield and high-efficiency spring melon-autumn melon-winter asparagus lettuce cultivation mode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104838941A true CN104838941A (en) | 2015-08-19 |
Family
ID=53839258
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510195167.2A Pending CN104838941A (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2015-04-22 | High-yield and high-efficiency spring melon-autumn melon-winter asparagus lettuce cultivation mode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104838941A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105230300A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-13 | 和县德生农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for melons |
| CN105248238A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-01-20 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for cucumis melo through open field drip irrigation |
| CN105493875A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-04-20 | 王春雷 | Growing method for organic watermelons |
| CN105706802A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-06-29 | 李家建 | Method for assisting underground insect damage prevention during seedling stage of muskmelons by use of wheat |
| CN107360935A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2017-11-21 | 安徽格瑞恩园林工程有限公司 | A kind of breeding locust tree film-mulching cultivation method |
| CN108029483A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-15 | 海南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | One kind eats sweet potato and its cultural method raw |
| CN108684511A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-10-23 | 淮阴师范学院 | The cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon |
| CN110214647A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-09-10 | 海门市农业干部学校 | A kind of method of efficient plantation crops for rotation |
| CN110999697A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-04-14 | 新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心 | Method for preventing and treating virus diseases of melons in Kash areas through arched shed net covering |
| CN111345205A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-30 | 文山壮族苗族自治州农业科学院 | Multi-cropping efficient planting method for grain and feed crops |
| CN113598004A (en) * | 2021-09-04 | 2021-11-05 | 宁波海通时代农业有限公司 | Method for crop rotation of fresh peanuts into cherry tomatoes in greenhouse in autumn and winter |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012196202A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-10-18 | Meiji Univ | Method for cultivating plant and device for cultivating plant |
| CN103392492A (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-11-20 | 汤明华 | Method for interplanting five crops in one year |
| CN103782767A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-05-14 | 贵州省园艺研究所 | Efficient cultivation method in three quarters of year of flue-cured tobacco nurturing seedlings, summer Chinese cabbages and fall lettuces |
-
2015
- 2015-04-22 CN CN201510195167.2A patent/CN104838941A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012196202A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-10-18 | Meiji Univ | Method for cultivating plant and device for cultivating plant |
| CN103392492A (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-11-20 | 汤明华 | Method for interplanting five crops in one year |
| CN103782767A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-05-14 | 贵州省园艺研究所 | Efficient cultivation method in three quarters of year of flue-cured tobacco nurturing seedlings, summer Chinese cabbages and fall lettuces |
Non-Patent Citations (15)
| Title |
|---|
| （一）秋甜瓜-冬莴苣-春甜瓜;李学平等;《图文精讲高效设施农业茬口安排技术》;江苏科学技术出版社;20100531(第1版);第1-3页 * |
| YANWENQIAN: "天蜜脆梨栽培技术要点", 《百度文库HTTP://WENKU.BAIDU.COM/LINK?URL=HOLW46XGUZXFQ9GK9-VGB6XNPJENGCRWCVHI4VLH67FVFMTMPYLZ5XK3WOAZPPXA8SUV41FPLNDYFC4FGWDS0ZHMMCYLV6DJKPATKHG9XMW》 * |
| 冯锡鸿等: "天蜜脆梨甜瓜栽培技术", 《中国瓜菜》 * |
| 大棚莴笋秋延迟栽培技术;姚学龙;《农业科技通讯》;20091017(第10期);第189-190页 * |
| 天蜜脆梨甜瓜栽培技术;冯锡鸿等;《中国瓜菜》;20130505;第26卷(第3期);第50-51页 * |
| 姚学龙: "大棚莴笋秋延迟栽培技术", 《农业科技通讯》 * |
| 李学平等: "《图文精讲高效设施农业茬口安排技术》", 31 May 2010 * |
| 王玉宏等: "《无公害蔬菜生产技术及高产高效种植模式》", 31 July 2013 * |
| 王立华等: "设施厚皮甜瓜早春无土基质穴盘育苗技术", 《中国园艺文摘》 * |
| 秋甜瓜、冬莴苣、春甜瓜、苦瓜、青菜高效茬口栽培技术;肖锦等;《上海农业科技》;20131205(第6期);第145-146页 * |
| 秋甜瓜、冬莴苣、春甜瓜高效模式;黄颂禹;《农家致富》;20060716(第14期);第32-33页 * |
| 秋甜瓜_冬莴苣_春甜瓜高效模式;黄颂禹;《农家致富》;20060716(第14期);第32-33页 * |
| 肖锦等: "秋甜瓜、冬莴苣、春甜瓜、苦瓜、青菜高效茬口栽培技术", 《上海农业科技》 * |
| 黄颂禹: "秋甜瓜、冬莴苣、春甜瓜高效模式", 《农家致富》 * |
| 黄颂禹: "秋甜瓜_冬莴苣_春甜瓜高效模式", 《农家致富》 * |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105230300A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-13 | 和县德生农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for melons |
| CN105248238A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-01-20 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for cucumis melo through open field drip irrigation |
| CN105493875A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-04-20 | 王春雷 | Growing method for organic watermelons |
| CN105706802A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-06-29 | 李家建 | Method for assisting underground insect damage prevention during seedling stage of muskmelons by use of wheat |
| CN107360935A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2017-11-21 | 安徽格瑞恩园林工程有限公司 | A kind of breeding locust tree film-mulching cultivation method |
| CN108029483A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-15 | 海南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | One kind eats sweet potato and its cultural method raw |
| CN108684511A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-10-23 | 淮阴师范学院 | The cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon |
| CN111345205A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-30 | 文山壮族苗族自治州农业科学院 | Multi-cropping efficient planting method for grain and feed crops |
| CN110214647A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-09-10 | 海门市农业干部学校 | A kind of method of efficient plantation crops for rotation |
| CN110999697A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-04-14 | 新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心 | Method for preventing and treating virus diseases of melons in Kash areas through arched shed net covering |
| CN113598004A (en) * | 2021-09-04 | 2021-11-05 | 宁波海通时代农业有限公司 | Method for crop rotation of fresh peanuts into cherry tomatoes in greenhouse in autumn and winter |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102246645B (en) | High-yield culture technology for southern potatoes planted in autumn | |
| CN104838941A (en) | High-yield and high-efficiency spring melon-autumn melon-winter asparagus lettuce cultivation mode | |
| CN101283655B (en) | Summer and autumn cultivation method of ginger | |
| CN103404338A (en) | High-yield technique for okra | |
| CN102138392A (en) | Method of cultivation frame type management in melon grafting and seedling shed | |
| CN103918460B (en) | Autumn prolongs the method that capsicum survives the winter at field preserving active | |
| CN105684738A (en) | Sunlight greenhouse tomato culture method | |
| CN103430799A (en) | Greenhouse Huping jujube culturing technology | |
| CN105309149A (en) | Spinach planting method | |
| CN107896862A (en) | A kind of greenhouse strawberry High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology | |
| CN102960139A (en) | Water chestnut cultivation method | |
| CN104641851A (en) | High-yield cultivation for greenhouse thin skin melon | |
| CN104221630A (en) | Accelerating germination and efficient cultivation method for summer squashes | |
| CN104041271A (en) | Culturing method for early spring pollution-free white eggplants | |
| CN108575589B (en) | Method for realizing continuous crop rotation of four crops by integrating water, fertilizer and pesticide in sunlight greenhouse | |
| CN110115207A (en) | A method of in Liaoning Area multiple cropping brassica campestris var purpurea, spring rape and forage rape | |
| CN1180673C (en) | Method for interplanting finger citron, balsom pear and notoginseng in northern region | |
| CN106386082A (en) | Tree-hanging fresh-keeping and overwintering regeneration plantation method for autumn delayed capsicum | |
| CN103891508B (en) | A kind of booth fresh edible maize autumn delays the cultivation method fresh-keeping in field | |
| CN111226534A (en) | Pollution-free seedling and cultivation method for eggplants in greenhouse in northern cold area | |
| CN105265139A (en) | Chaenomeles speciosa cultivation method | |
| CN104641892A (en) | Method for planting artemisia selengensis in cutting way | |
| CN112219651B (en) | Double-cropping and double-cropping cultivation method for greenhouse watermelons in Jiangsu coastal areas | |
| CN104106358B (en) | Cultivation method for sowing greenhouse watermelons one time and harvesting many batches of watermelons in one year | |
| CN108293769A (en) | A kind of Protectorate cultivation method of green precious small pumpkin |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| EXSB | Decision made by sipo to initiate substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20150819 |
|
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |