CN108736948B - Space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication method - Google Patents

Space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication method Download PDF

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CN108736948B
CN108736948B CN201810290252.0A CN201810290252A CN108736948B CN 108736948 B CN108736948 B CN 108736948B CN 201810290252 A CN201810290252 A CN 201810290252A CN 108736948 B CN108736948 B CN 108736948B
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index
modulation
code
antenna
subcarrier
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CN108736948A (en
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冯胜
葛利嘉
江治林
钟涛
葛璐
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Chongqing Linfei Electronic Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/068—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission using space frequency diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0678—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission using different spreading codes between antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0891—Space-time diversity

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Abstract

The invention relates to a space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication method, belonging to the technical field of high-speed wireless communication and comprising the following steps: at the transmitting end, comprising: the generated information bit is converted into four parts, namely a modulation part G through serial-parallel conversionModAntenna index portion GAntPN code index portion GCodeAnd subcarrier index part GSub(ii) a Index modulation and symbol modulation, wherein the index modulation comprises antenna index modulation, spreading code index modulation and subcarrier index modulation; a step of spread spectrum transmission of modulation symbols; at the receiving end, signal detection and demodulation are carried out, including detection and demodulation of activated subcarriers, activated antennas, activated spreading codes and modulation symbols.

Description

Space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-speed wireless communication, and relates to the technology comprising multi-input multi-output spatial modulation, code index modulation, subcarrier index modulation and direct sequence spread spectrum communication.
Background
In recent years, as the demand for high-speed data transmission rate and band utilization rate is higher, wireless communication technology is also rapidly developed. High-speed data transmission rate and reliable transmission quality have become necessary prerequisites for development of wireless communication, and limited spectrum resources have not been able to meet the rapidly increasing demands of users, and in such a background, modulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, and large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (mimo) have been proposed. And the technology is widely researched, and the technology is mature in theoretical engineering and actual engineering at present and widely applied to wireless communication standards such as 4G, IEEE802.11 and the like. However, with the increasing demands on data transmission rate and spectral efficiency, some existing technologies can no longer meet the demands of people, and in addition, some deficiencies exist in the existing technologies. Such as excessive system energy consumption, high implementation complexity, etc. Therefore, a communication technology that can achieve a balance between spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency and simultaneously meet the requirement of green communication is urgently needed. Thus, the index modulation technique is born.
An Index Modulation (IM) technique is a new transmission technique that has emerged in recent years, and mainly includes a spatial Index Modulation technique, a frequency domain Index Modulation technique, and a code Index Modulation technique. Which correspond to a Spatial Modulation (SM) technique, an OFDM (OFDM with Index Modulation, OFDM-IM) technique based on Index Modulation, and a Code Index Modulation (CIM) technique, respectively. These three types of technologies are the hot spots of recent research. Among them, there have been a lot of research results on spatial modulation techniques and index modulation-based OFDM techniques, and the code index modulation techniques were proposed in 2015, and there are only several papers. Relevant papers on index modulation techniques are found in the literature[1][2]。
In 2008, scholars such as Mesleh abroad put forward the basic concept of the SM technology for the first time[3]The SM technology is a major breakthrough of the index modulation technology, is a novel multi-antenna transmission technology, can obviously reduce the complexity and the hardware overhead while maintaining the transmission efficiency and the performance of a multi-antenna system, and is a main direction for the development and the progress of the MIMO technology in the future. Compared with the traditional MIMO technology, the spatial modulation technology can haveEffectively avoiding the problems of inter-channel interference and multi-antenna transmission synchronization. It is these advantages of spatial modulation that in recent years, SM technology has been extensively studied and fully developed by scholars at home and abroad, and a series of multi-antenna modulation techniques have been proposed. Among them, Space Shift Keying (SSK), Generalized Space Shift Keying (GSSK), and Quadrature Spatial Modulation (QSM) are particularly representative. In the literature[4][5]Respectively, SSK and GSSK are proposed in (a). The two multi-antenna modulation schemes have no traditional amplitude-phase modulation, and completely transmit information by using the antenna switch state, and the difference between the two multi-antenna modulation schemes is that each time slot of the SSK only activates one antenna, and the information is transmitted in a single-antenna index mapping mode; GSSK activates multiple antennas per time slot, and information is transferred by means of activated antenna index combination. Literature reference[6]A QSM is provided, which expands the mapping constellation diagram of SM and maximally utilizes the in-phase domain and the quadrature domain of modulation symbols. In each transmission time slot, different antennas are respectively selected for transmitting by the in-phase component and the quadrature component of the modulation symbol. At present, relevant research is carried out in the fifth generation mobile communication technology based on the massive MIMO index modulation technology abroad, the research is mainly carried out aiming at the multi-user cooperation of the base station in the massive MIMO system, and certain research progress is obtained[7]. At home, the multi-antenna spatial modulation technology was studied by the least rare professor group of li, the university of electronic technology, and the study student paper guided at the same time[8][9]The feasibility of SM communication and the optimization of demodulation algorithms were studied. In addition to this there is university of maritime affairs[10]Xian electronic technology university[11]Related studies have also been conducted in colleges and universities.
In 2009, affected by the rapid development of SM technology, professors r.abu-alhiga and h.haas abroad apply the idea of antenna index of spatial Modulation technology to OFDM subcarriers and propose Subcarrier index Modulation (Subcarrier-index Modulation) based on keying scheme[12]. The subcarrier index modulation introduces index modulation and the concept of subcarrier blocks in the frequency domain, and takes one subcarrier block as a modulation unitThe basic principle of the method can be regarded as a variation of the spatial modulation technology in the frequency domain. The OFDM-IM system is different from the conventional OFDM system in that: the OFDM-IM system adds index modulation in the modulation process, namely, according to index bits, specific subcarriers are selected by a specific mapping relation table to be activated and send data, and the rest index modulation bits can make up for the problem of spectrum efficiency loss caused by partial silent subcarriers. The receiving end detects the unit of using a sub-carrier block as detection and demodulation, and recovers the index information bit and the constellation symbol bit at the same time. At present, many researchers have proposed many different modulation schemes from the perspective of keying scheme, subcarrier interleaving scheme, maximum euclidean distance and enhanced index mapping[13][14][15][16]. Literature reference[17]From two angles of theory and simulation, the deep analysis compares the performances of the SIM and the OFDM, and analyzes the advantages of the SIM in the aspect of frequency domain diversity.
In 2015, professor g.kaddoum proposes Code Index Modulation (CIM) based on spread spectrum communication technology[18]The code index modulation technique is intended to avoid the complex channel estimation problem caused by the changing antenna mapping combination in the multi-antenna spatial modulation technique. The basic idea of code index modulation technique is derived from spatial modulation, and the realization is based on direct sequence spread spectrum modulation technique[19-21]Compared with the traditional direct sequence spread spectrum technology, the code index modulation technology not only keeps the performance advantage of the direct sequence spread spectrum communication, but also further improves the information transmission rate under the condition of lower energy consumption. The emergence of CIM has brought forward a historical step in the development of spread spectrum communication theory. Currently known CIM research results are few, and only a research group of prince's royal professor at Xiamen university develops the research and published literature on CIM modulation at home[22]In (2), mixing the differencesChaos keying modulation is introduced into CIM, and a code index modulation in a chaos mode is provided.
The two-dimensional index modulation is a modulation technology combining two one-dimensional index modulations, and the broad space-frequency index modulation is proposed by Basar in 2016[23]The generalized space-frequency index modulation combines generalized space modulation and subcarrier index modulation, and indexes are established in a space domain and a frequency domain to form a combined index modulation structure. At present, a few research teams can look up two-dimensional index modulation, and the two-dimensional index modulation has the advantages that the number of information bits for invisible transmission is increased through two index modes, so that the two-dimensional index modulation has more advantages in the aspects of energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency; the disadvantages are that the receiving end has high demodulation complexity, and it is difficult to obtain the channel state information through the precoding technique. At present, the research of the two-dimensional index modulation technology just starts, and the related basic modulation scheme, demodulation algorithm, performance analysis and the like need to be further studied.
The current one-dimensional index modulation technology uses an increase of the usage amount of index resources to replace spectrum efficiency, for example, CIM uses an increase of Pseudo Random code (PN) mapping table dimension to replace spectrum efficiency, and SM uses an increase of the number of transmitting-end antennas to replace spectrum efficiency, so that the system consumes a lot of physical resources and the complexity of a receiving-end detection algorithm is high by increasing the usage amount of index resources to replace spectrum efficiency. In addition, SM and SIM have poor interference rejection, compared to direct sequence spread spectrum techniques, which have good performance in terms of interference rejection, but such spread spectrum has a drawback of low bandwidth utilization, which means that the transmission rate is low at a given bandwidth. Therefore, the CIM increases the transmission rate of the spread spectrum system by introducing the PN code index while keeping good anti-interference capability of direct sequence spread spectrum. If the transmission rate of the system is to be further improved, a large number of PN codes are to be used by the CIM modulation system, so that a large number of correlators are required by the receiving end to perform correlation detection on the PN codes used by the transmitting end. Since the two-dimensional index modulation is still very little at present, a three-dimensional index modulation study combining an antenna index, a code index and a subcarrier index has not been available for the time being. The main objective of the present invention is to provide a space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication system, which aims to further increase the number of information bits for index mapping transmission. Compared with CIM with same-phase same-frequency spectrum efficiency, the number of PN codes used by the three-dimensional index modulation provided at this time is less, the number of correlators at a receiving end is reduced, and the implementation on engineering is more convenient. Compared with the SM with the same-phase same-frequency spectrum efficiency, the number of the antennas used by the three-dimensional index modulation provided at the transmitting end is less; in addition, the system always activates two antennas in the whole sending process, and compared with the same-phase subcarrier index modulation with the same frequency spectrum efficiency, the number of activated subcarriers is less, so that the complexity of modulation and demodulation is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the above problems of the prior art. The space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication method has the advantages that the number of PN codes used for modulation is less, the number of antennas used by a transmitting end is less, and the complexity of modulation and demodulation is reduced. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication method comprises the following steps: at the transmitting end, comprising: the generated information bits are converted into four parts, namely a modulation part GModAntenna index portion GAntPN code index portion GCodeAnd subcarrier index part GSub；
Index modulation and symbol modulation, wherein the index modulation comprises antenna index modulation, spreading code index modulation and subcarrier index modulation; the antenna index modulation is based on the antenna index block GAntSelecting antennas to be activated, the spread spectrum code index modulation is according to PN code index block GCodeSelecting a spreading code to be activated, the subcarrier index modulation being based on a block of subcarrier indices GSubSelecting the sub-carriers to be activated, the modulation of the symbols being according to a modulation block GModModulating into a symbol;
modulation symbol spread spectrum transmission: firstly, the in-phase part and the quadrature part of the modulation symbol are respectively selected to be indexed by a PN code index block GCodeActivated PN codes, which are then individually excitedAnd multiplying and spreading the active PN codes, switching to a transmitting antenna through the antenna after spreading, and transmitting the signal after modulating by OFDM.
At the receiving end, signal detection and demodulation are carried out, including detection and demodulation of activated subcarriers, activated antennas, activated spreading codes and modulation symbols.
Further, the generated information bits are converted into four parts, namely a modulation part G in parallel-serial-parallel modeModAntenna index portion GAntPN code index portion GCodeAnd subcarrier index part GSubThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) suppose the number of the transmitter antennas of the system is NtThe number of the receiver antennas is NrDimension of PN code group is NcThe number of subcarriers is NsThe modulation order of the baseband modulation is M, and is recorded as the system configuration (N)t,Nr,Nc, Ns,M)；
(2) Assuming that at any transmission gap, the length of the information bit q at the transmitting end is
Figure BDA0001617293780000051
After serial-to-parallel conversion, the antenna is divided into four parts, namely an antenna index part GAntPN code index portion GCodeAnd subcarrier index part GSubModulating section GModCorresponding to a length of 2log in order2Nt、2log2Nc、 2log2NsM, wherein m satisfies 2m＝M。
Further, the antenna index part GAntSubdivided into in-phase antenna index blocks
Figure BDA0001617293780000052
And orthogonal antenna index block
Figure BDA0001617293780000053
All lengths are log2Nt(ii) a PN code index part GCodeSubdivided into in-phase PN code index blocks
Figure BDA0001617293780000054
And an orthogonal PN code index block
Figure BDA0001617293780000055
All lengths are log2Nc(ii) a Subcarrier index portion GSubSubdivided into in-phase subcarrier index blocks
Figure BDA0001617293780000056
And orthogonal subcarrier index blocks
Figure BDA0001617293780000057
All lengths are log2Ns。
Further, the index modulation and the symbol modulation, where the index modulation includes antenna index modulation, spreading code index modulation, and subcarrier index modulation, specifically includes:
(1) in the symbol modulation process, a modulation part GModAfter baseband modulation, modulating into modulation symbol x with in-phase component xReOrthogonal component of xImThen the modulation symbol x can be expressed as x ═ xRe+jxIm；
(2) In the process of antenna indexing, the in-phase antenna index block is
Figure BDA0001617293780000061
The orthogonal antenna indexes the block as
Figure BDA0001617293780000062
Selecting the antenna Tx to be used by looking up the antenna index table, respectivelyReAnd antenna TxIm；
(3) In spread spectrum code index modulation, the in-phase PN code index block is
Figure BDA0001617293780000063
The orthogonal PN code index block is
Figure BDA0001617293780000064
Selecting spread spectrum by looking up PN code index tableRequired PN code wmAnd PN code wn；
(4) In subcarrier index modulation, the in-phase subcarrier block is
Figure BDA0001617293780000065
Block of orthogonal subcarriers is
Figure BDA0001617293780000066
Selecting the sub-carrier Bx to be used by looking up the sub-carrier index table respectivelyReAnd subcarrier BxIm；
Further, the modulation symbol spreading transmission process specifically includes:
(1) in-phase component x of modulation symbol xReFirst, the block is indexed by the in-phase PN code
Figure BDA0001617293780000067
Selected PN code wmSpread spectrum, then modulated by cosine carrier; same orthogonal component xImIndexing blocks by orthogonal PN codes
Figure BDA0001617293780000068
Selected PN code wnSpread spectrum, then modulated by sine carrier;
(2) the in-phase branch signal and the orthogonal branch signal after carrier modulation respectively pass through a power amplifier and then are sent to respective antenna switching modules, a MIMO-OFDM modulator is arranged in front of each antenna, and each modulator is provided with NsSub-carrier, in-phase branch signal passes through in-phase antenna index block
Figure BDA0001617293780000069
Selected antenna TxReThe orthogonal branch signals are firstly transmitted through the orthogonal antenna index block
Figure BDA00016172937800000610
Selected antenna TxImThe former modulator modulates and then emits the modulated signal.
Further, the receiving end performs signal detection and demodulation, including detection and demodulation of activated subcarriers, activated antennas, activated spreading codes, and modulation symbols, and specifically includes:
(1) after the signal reaches a receiving end and carrier recovery is carried out, a subcarrier used by an in-phase component is detected through an MIMO-OFDM demodulator
Figure BDA00016172937800000611
Sub-carriers for use with orthogonal components
Figure BDA00016172937800000612
Then, the information bit corresponding to the in-phase subcarrier index part is demapped by reversely searching the subcarrier index mapping table
Figure BDA00016172937800000613
Information bits corresponding to the orthogonal subcarrier index portion
Figure BDA00016172937800000614
Then, the active antenna of each time slot is detected through an estimation process
Figure BDA00016172937800000615
And
Figure BDA00016172937800000616
activated PN code
Figure BDA00016172937800000617
And
Figure BDA00016172937800000618
and in-phase component of modulation symbol
Figure BDA00016172937800000619
To the orthogonal component
Figure BDA00016172937800000620
(2) Will detectMeasuring in-phase component of modulation symbol
Figure BDA00016172937800000621
To the orthogonal component
Figure BDA00016172937800000622
Synthesizing into modulation symbols
Figure BDA00016172937800000623
Then, after demodulation, the information bit corresponding to the modulation part is recovered
Figure BDA00016172937800000624
(3) Activating antenna to be detected
Figure BDA0001617293780000071
And
Figure BDA0001617293780000072
by reversely searching the antenna index table, the information bit corresponding to the same-phase antenna index part of the transmitting terminal is demapped
Figure BDA0001617293780000073
Information bits corresponding to orthogonal antenna index portions
Figure BDA0001617293780000074
(4) Of activated PN codes to be detected
Figure BDA0001617293780000075
And
Figure BDA0001617293780000076
demapping information bits corresponding to the in-phase PN code index portion of the transmitting end by reverse lookup of the PN code index table
Figure BDA0001617293780000077
Information bits corresponding to the index portion of the orthogonal PN code
Figure BDA0001617293780000078
(5) Finally will be
Figure BDA0001617293780000079
And
Figure BDA00016172937800000710
seven parts of information bit blocks are converted into source information bits by parallel-serial conversion
Figure BDA00016172937800000711
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention provides a space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation scheme, which has the main ideas that: the antenna index of spatial modulation, the spread spectrum code index of code index modulation and the subcarrier index of subcarrier index modulation are combined, and then the antenna index, the spread spectrum code index and the subcarrier index are repeatedly utilized by adopting an orthogonal mapping mode, so that information bits transmitted by index mapping are increased. The main characteristics are as follows: (1) three index resources are adopted to participate in indexing, an antenna index, a spreading code index and a subcarrier index are combined into a three-dimensional index mode, and the multi-antenna communication system mapped by the three-dimensional index adopts a direct sequence spreading technology based on code index modulation and a frequency domain variant modulated by the subcarrier index; (2) in each transmission time slot, the number of the activated spreading codes, the number of the activated antennas and the number of the activated subcarriers are all two. The transmitting terminal separates the in-phase component and the orthogonal component of the baseband modulation symbol, the in-phase component and the orthogonal component adopt an orthogonal mapping mode to independently perform index mapping, and a spreading code activated by current component spreading, an activated antenna and an activated subcarrier are respectively selected. The receiving end firstly demodulates the subcarriers selected by the in-phase branch and the orthogonal branch through the MIMO-OFDM demodulator, and then detects information in an estimation mode, wherein the information detection is also carried out according to the in-phase branch and the orthogonal branch of the signal respectively. Firstly, detecting a spread spectrum code for spreading a modulation symbol in-phase component and an antenna for sending the modulation symbol in-phase component; then detecting the spread spectrum code used for spreading the orthogonal component of the modulation symbol and the antenna for sending the orthogonal component of the modulation symbol, and finally synthesizing the in-phase component and the orthogonal component of the modulation symbol so as to demodulate the information bit of the modulation symbol. And finally, restoring the original information bits in a serial-parallel conversion mode.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a transmitter in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a receiver of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the wireless communication system of the invention adopts a plurality of antennas at the transmitting and receiving ends, and adopts a direct sequence spread spectrum technology and a subcarrier index modulation technology in the process of signal transmission. The transmitting end is divided into four parts, and baseband modulation, antenna index, spread spectrum code index and subcarrier index are respectively carried out; similarly, the detection process at the receiving end is divided into four parts, namely detection of active subcarriers, active antennas, active spreading codes and modulation symbols.
The specific implementation steps of the invention are as follows:
step 1: the information bits are generated and converted serial to parallel, see fig. 1.
(1) Suppose the number of the transmitter antennas of the system is NtThe number of the receiver antennas is NrDimension of PN code group is NcThe number of subcarriers is NsThe modulation order of the baseband modulation is M, and is recorded as the system configuration (N)t,Nr,Nc, Ns,M)。
(2) Assuming that at any transmission gap, the length of the information bit q at the transmitting end is
Figure BDA0001617293780000081
After serial-to-parallel conversion, the antenna is divided into four parts, namely an antenna index part GAntPN code index portion GCodeAnd subcarrier index part GSubModulating section GModCorresponding to a length of 2log in order2Nt、2log2Nc、 2log2NsM, wherein m satisfies 2m＝M。
(3) Simultaneous antenna index portion GAntSubdivided into in-phase antenna index blocks
Figure BDA0001617293780000091
And orthogonal antenna index block
Figure BDA0001617293780000092
All lengths are log2Nt(ii) a PN code index part GCodeSubdivided into in-phase PN code index blocks
Figure BDA0001617293780000093
And an orthogonal PN code index block
Figure BDA0001617293780000094
All lengths are log2Nc(ii) a Subcarrier index portion GSubSubdivided into in-phase subcarrier index blocks
Figure BDA0001617293780000095
And orthogonal subcarrier index blocks
Figure BDA0001617293780000096
All lengths are log2Ns。
The information bit q division scheme can be expressed by equations (1 to 8):
Figure BDA0001617293780000097
wherein,
Figure BDA0001617293780000098
Figure BDA0001617293780000099
Figure BDA00016172937800000910
Figure BDA00016172937800000911
Figure BDA00016172937800000912
Figure BDA00016172937800000913
Figure BDA00016172937800000914
birepresenting the ith bit of the information bit q.
Step 2: index modulation and symbol modulation, wherein the index modulation comprises antenna index modulation, spreading code index modulation and subcarrier index modulation.
(1) In the symbol modulation process, a modulation part GModAfter baseband modulation, modulating into modulation symbol x with in-phase component xReOrthogonal component of xIm. The modulation symbol x may be represented as x ═ xRe+jxIm。
(2) In the process of antenna indexing, the in-phase antenna index block is
Figure BDA00016172937800000915
The orthogonal antenna indexes the block as
Figure BDA00016172937800000916
Selecting the antenna Tx to be used by looking up the antenna index table, respectivelyReAnd antenna TxIm。
(3) In spread spectrum code index modulation, the in-phase PN code index block is
Figure BDA00016172937800000917
The orthogonal PN code index block is
Figure BDA00016172937800000918
Respectively selecting PN codes w required by spread spectrum by looking up PN code index tablemAnd PN code wn。
(4) In subcarrier index modulation, the in-phase subcarrier block is
Figure BDA0001617293780000101
Block of orthogonal subcarriers is
Figure BDA0001617293780000102
Selecting the sub-carrier Bx to be used by looking up the sub-carrier index table respectivelyReAnd subcarrier BxIm。
And step 3: and modulation symbol spread spectrum transmission process.
(1) In-phase component x of modulation symbol xReFirst, the block is indexed by the in-phase PN code
Figure BDA0001617293780000103
Selected PN code wmSpread spectrum, then modulated by cosine carrier; same orthogonal component xImIndexing blocks by orthogonal PN codes
Figure BDA0001617293780000104
Selected PN code wnSpread and then modulated with a sinusoidal carrier.
(2) The in-phase branch signal and the orthogonal branch signal after the carrier modulation respectively pass through the power amplifier and then are sent to respective antenna switching modules. With a MIMO-OFDM modulator in front of each antenna, each modulator having NsAnd (4) sub-carriers. The in-phase branch signal firstly passes through the in-phase antenna index block
Figure BDA0001617293780000105
Selected antenna TxReThe orthogonal branch signals are firstly transmitted through the orthogonal antenna index block
Figure BDA0001617293780000106
Selected antenna TxImThe former modulator modulates and then emits the modulated signal.
And 4, step 4: and detecting and demodulating signals at a receiving end.
(1) After the signal reaches a receiving end and carrier recovery is carried out, a subcarrier used by an in-phase component is detected through an MIMO-OFDM demodulator
Figure BDA0001617293780000107
Sub-carriers for use with orthogonal components
Figure BDA0001617293780000108
Then, the information bit corresponding to the in-phase subcarrier index part is demapped by reversely searching the subcarrier index mapping table
Figure BDA0001617293780000109
Information bits corresponding to the orthogonal subcarrier index portion
Figure BDA00016172937800001010
(2) Then, the active antenna of each time slot is detected through an estimation process
Figure BDA00016172937800001011
And
Figure BDA00016172937800001012
activated PN code
Figure BDA00016172937800001013
And
Figure BDA00016172937800001014
and in-phase component of modulation symbol
Figure BDA00016172937800001015
To the orthogonal component
Figure BDA00016172937800001016
(3) The in-phase component of the modulation symbol will be detected
Figure BDA00016172937800001017
To the orthogonal component
Figure BDA00016172937800001018
Synthesizing into modulation symbols
Figure BDA00016172937800001019
Then, after demodulation, the information bit corresponding to the modulation part is recovered
Figure BDA00016172937800001020
(4) Activating antenna to be detected
Figure BDA00016172937800001021
And
Figure BDA00016172937800001022
by reversely searching the antenna index table, the information bit corresponding to the same-phase antenna index part of the transmitting terminal is demapped
Figure BDA00016172937800001023
Information bits corresponding to orthogonal antenna index portions
Figure BDA00016172937800001024
(5) Of activated PN codes to be detected
Figure BDA00016172937800001025
And
Figure BDA00016172937800001026
demapping information bits corresponding to the in-phase PN code index portion of the transmitting end by reverse lookup of the PN code index table
Figure BDA0001617293780000111
Information bits corresponding to the index portion of the orthogonal PN code
Figure BDA0001617293780000112
(6) Finally will be
Figure BDA0001617293780000113
And
Figure BDA0001617293780000114
seven parts of information bit blocks are converted into source information bits by parallel-serial conversion
Figure BDA0001617293780000115
The following describes the information bit mapping process of the transmitting end according to an example, assuming that the system configuration adopted by us is: n is a radical oft＝4，Nr＝4，Nc＝4，Ns4, M4. I.e., (4,4,4,4, 4). The information bit q transmitted in each transmission time slot at the transmitting end should therefore be
Figure BDA0001617293780000116
And (4) a bit. Suppose that the information bit stream q sent in one transmission slot is 01101101100111]As shown in the following equations (1-8), the information bits contained in each mapping block are:
Figure BDA0001617293780000117
Figure BDA0001617293780000118
GMod＝[11]. As can be seen by looking up tables 1, 2 and 3,
Figure BDA0001617293780000119
mapped to the antenna Tx-2 and,
Figure BDA00016172937800001110
mapped to the antenna Tx-3 and,
Figure BDA00016172937800001111
mapped as PN code w4，
Figure BDA00016172937800001112
Mapped as PN code w2，
Figure BDA00016172937800001113
Is mapped to the sub-carrier Bx-3,
Figure BDA00016172937800001114
mapped to subcarrier Bx-2. GModAfter QAM modulation, modulating into a modulation symbol: x is 1+ j, wherein the real part x of the modulation symbolRe1, imaginary part xIm＝1。
After the index mapping process is completed, the transmitting end modulates the in-phase component x of the symbol xRe1 by first indexing the block by the in-phase PN code
Figure BDA00016172937800001115
Selected PN code w4Spread spectrum, carrier modulated and power amplifier, MIMO-OFDM modulator in front of each transmitting antenna, and N in each modulatorsSub-carriers, but only activated by in-phase sub-carrier blocks
Figure BDA00016172937800001116
The selected subcarrier Bx-3 is finally modulated by an MIMO-OFDM modulator and then mapped by an in-phase antenna
Figure BDA00016172937800001117
The selected antenna Tx-2 transmits the signal and the process of quadrature component processing is the same.
What should be mentioned is that
Figure BDA00016172937800001118
The active antennas may be the same antenna. Suppose that
Figure BDA00016172937800001119
When the information bits in the mapping block are all 01, looking up an antenna index table to know that the antennas activated by the transmitting end are all Tx-2, so that the in-phase component and the quadrature component of the modulation symbol are simultaneously transmitted on the Tx-2 antennas, wherein both the quadrature component and the in-phase component are transmitted
Figure BDA00016172937800001120
The selected PN code is spread. Thus is composed of
Figure BDA00016172937800001121
And
Figure BDA00016172937800001122
the selected PN code may also be the same PN code, for the same reason, composed of
Figure BDA00016172937800001123
And
Figure BDA00016172937800001124
it is also possible that the selected subcarriers are the same subcarriers.
The following tables 1 to 3 are respectively:
table 1 is an antenna index table
Figure BDA0001617293780000121
Table 2 is a PN code index table
Figure BDA0001617293780000122
Table 3 is a subcarrier index table
Figure BDA0001617293780000123
The space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication method enriches the current index modulation technical theory, and is continuously developed from one-dimensional index modulation to two-dimensional and three-dimensional. The wireless communication system adopts three index mapping modes of a space domain, a code domain and a frequency domain, combines the advantages of the spread spectrum technology in space modulation, subcarrier index modulation and code index modulation, utilizes multi-antenna channel link resources, has the capacity of resisting interference and multipath through the spread spectrum technology, simultaneously adopts an orthogonal mapping mode, enables the three index resources to be repeatedly utilized, and reduces the cost consumption. In each transmission time slot, the number of activated antennas, the number of spreading codes and the number of subcarriers are always two, and compared with the existing one-dimensional and two-dimensional index modulation, the method has the following advantages:
(1) and the spectral efficiency of the system is improved. Compared with one-dimensional and two-dimensional index modulation, the invention has higher spectral efficiency of the system, because the index dimension is increased, so that each transmission time slot transmits more information bits, and the spectral efficiency is one of the advantages.
(2) The index resources are less consumed. Suppose that the system configuration we employ by the present invention is: n is a radical oft＝4， Nr＝4，Nc＝4，Ns4, i.e. (4,4,4, 4). Then the spectral efficiency is 14bits/s/Hz, and 4096 transmit antennas are needed if the one-dimensional spatial modulation also achieves the same spectral efficiency, and if the modulation order is also 4. It can be seen that higher-dimensional index modulation saves more index resources.
(3) The invention adopts an orthogonal mapping mode, so that antenna index resources, code index resources and subcarrier resources are secondarily utilized, and index mapping bits of invisible transmission are increased, thereby having more advantages in energy efficiency.
(4) The invention utilizes the spread spectrum technology in CIM, keeps the good performance of spread spectrum communication, and has certain anti-interference capability and anti-multipath capability.
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The above examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure. After reading the description of the invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication method is characterized by comprising the following steps: at the transmitting end, comprising: the generated information bit is converted into four parts, namely a modulation part G through serial-parallel conversionModAntenna index portion GAntPN code index portion GCodeAnd subcarrier index part GSub；
Index modulation and symbol modulation, wherein the index modulation comprises antenna index modulation, spreading code index modulation and subcarrier index modulation; the antenna index modulation is based on the antenna index block GAntSelecting antennas to be activated, the spread spectrum code index modulation is according to PN code index block GCodeSelecting a spreading code to be activated, the subcarrier index modulation being based on a block of subcarrier indices GSubSelecting the sub-carriers to be activated, the modulation of the symbols being according to a modulation block GModModulating into a symbol;
modulation symbol spread spectrum transmission: firstly, the in-phase part and the quadrature part of the modulation symbol are respectively selected to be indexed by a PN code index block GCodeThe activated PN codes are multiplied with the activated PN codes respectively for spread spectrum, the spread spectrum is switched to a transmitting antenna through an antenna, and the signal is transmitted after OFDM modulation;
at the receiving end, signal detection and demodulation are carried out, including detection and demodulation of activated subcarriers, activated antennas, activated spreading codes and modulation symbols.
2. The space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication method according to claim 1, wherein the space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication method is characterized in thatIn that the information bits are generated and converted in parallel-serial-parallel to four parts, respectively modulation parts GModAntenna index portion GAntPN code index portion GCodeAnd subcarrier index part GSubThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) suppose the number of the transmitter antennas of the system is NtThe number of the receiver antennas is NrDimension of PN code group is NcThe number of subcarriers is NsThe modulation order of the baseband modulation is M, and is recorded as the system configuration (N)t,Nr,Nc,Ns,M)；
(2) Assuming that at any transmission gap, the length of the information bit q at the transmitting end is
Figure FDA0002981451950000011
After serial-to-parallel conversion, the antenna is divided into four parts, namely an antenna index part GAntPN code index portion GCodeAnd subcarrier index part GSubModulating section GModCorresponding to a length of 2log in order2Nt、2log2Nc、2log2NsM, wherein m satisfies 2m＝M。
3. The space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication method according to claim 2, wherein the antenna index part GAntSubdivided into in-phase antenna index blocks
Figure FDA0002981451950000012
And orthogonal antenna index block
Figure FDA0002981451950000013
All lengths are log2Nt(ii) a PN code index part GCodeSubdivided into in-phase PN code index blocks
Figure FDA0002981451950000021
And an orthogonal PN code index block
Figure FDA0002981451950000022
All lengths are log2Nc(ii) a Subcarrier index portion GSubSubdivided into in-phase subcarrier index blocks
Figure FDA0002981451950000023
And orthogonal subcarrier index blocks
Figure FDA0002981451950000024
All lengths are log2Ns。
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the index modulation and symbol modulation are index modulation, and wherein the index modulation includes antenna index modulation, spreading code index modulation, and subcarrier index modulation, and specifically comprises:
(1) in the symbol modulation process, a modulation part GModAfter baseband modulation, modulating into modulation symbol x with in-phase component xReOrthogonal component of xImThen the modulation symbol x can be expressed as x ═ xRe+jxIm；
(2) In the process of antenna index modulation, the in-phase antenna index block is
Figure FDA0002981451950000025
The orthogonal antenna indexes the block as
Figure FDA0002981451950000026
Selecting the antenna Tx to be used by looking up the antenna index table, respectivelyReAnd antenna TxIm；
(3) In spread spectrum code index modulation, the in-phase PN code index block is
Figure FDA0002981451950000027
The orthogonal PN code index block is
Figure FDA0002981451950000028
Respectively selecting PN codes w required by spread spectrum by looking up PN code index tablemAnd PN code wn；
(4) In subcarrier index modulation, the in-phase subcarrier block is
Figure FDA0002981451950000029
Block of orthogonal subcarriers is
Figure FDA00029814519500000210
Selecting the sub-carrier Bx to be used by looking up the sub-carrier index table respectivelyReAnd subcarrier BxIm。
5. The space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication method according to claim 4, wherein the modulation symbol spreading transmission process specifically includes:
(1) in-phase component x of modulation symbol xReFirst, the block is indexed by the in-phase PN code
Figure FDA00029814519500000211
Selected PN code wmSpread spectrum, then modulated by cosine carrier; same orthogonal component xImIndexing blocks by orthogonal PN codes
Figure FDA00029814519500000212
Selected PN code wnSpread spectrum, then modulated by sine carrier;
(2) the in-phase branch signal and the orthogonal branch signal after carrier modulation respectively pass through a power amplifier and then are sent to respective antenna switching modules, a MIMO-OFDM modulator is arranged in front of each antenna, and each modulator is provided with NsSub-carrier, in-phase branch signal passes through in-phase antenna index block
Figure FDA00029814519500000213
Selected antenna TxReThe quadrature branch signal is transmitted after being modulated by the former modulatorAlso, the block is indexed by the orthogonal antenna first
Figure FDA00029814519500000214
Selected antenna TxImThe former modulator modulates and then emits the modulated signal.
6. The space-frequency-code three-dimensional index modulation wireless communication method according to claim 5, wherein the receiving end performs signal detection and demodulation, including detection and demodulation of active subcarriers, active antennas, active spreading codes and modulation symbols, and specifically comprises:
(1) after the signal reaches a receiving end and carrier recovery is carried out, a subcarrier used by an in-phase component is detected through an MIMO-OFDM demodulator
Figure FDA0002981451950000031
Sub-carriers for use with orthogonal components
Figure FDA0002981451950000032
Then, the information bit corresponding to the in-phase subcarrier index part is demapped by reversely searching the subcarrier index mapping table
Figure FDA0002981451950000033
Information bits corresponding to the orthogonal subcarrier index portion
Figure FDA0002981451950000034
(2) Then, the active antenna of each time slot is detected through an estimation process
Figure FDA0002981451950000035
And
Figure FDA0002981451950000036
activated PN code
Figure FDA0002981451950000037
And
Figure FDA0002981451950000038
and in-phase component of modulation symbol
Figure FDA0002981451950000039
To the orthogonal component
Figure FDA00029814519500000310
(3) The in-phase component of the modulation symbol will be detected
Figure FDA00029814519500000311
To the orthogonal component
Figure FDA00029814519500000312
Synthesizing into modulation symbols
Figure FDA00029814519500000313
Then, after demodulation, the information bit corresponding to the modulation part is recovered
Figure FDA00029814519500000314
(4) Activating antenna to be detected
Figure FDA00029814519500000315
And
Figure FDA00029814519500000316
by reversely searching the antenna index table, the information bit corresponding to the same-phase antenna index part of the transmitting terminal is demapped
Figure FDA00029814519500000317
Information bits corresponding to orthogonal antenna index portions
Figure FDA00029814519500000318
(5) Of activated PN codes to be detected
Figure FDA00029814519500000319
And
Figure FDA00029814519500000320
demapping information bits corresponding to the in-phase PN code index portion of the transmitting end by reverse lookup of the PN code index table
Figure FDA00029814519500000321
Information bits corresponding to the index portion of the orthogonal PN code
Figure FDA00029814519500000322
(6) Finally will be
Figure FDA00029814519500000323
And
Figure FDA00029814519500000324
seven parts of information bit blocks are converted into source information bits by parallel-serial conversion
Figure FDA00029814519500000325
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