CN110460556B - Wireless data and energy integrated transmission signal design method for orthogonal multi-carrier system - Google Patents

Wireless data and energy integrated transmission signal design method for orthogonal multi-carrier system Download PDF

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CN110460556B
CN110460556B CN201910782235.3A CN201910782235A CN110460556B CN 110460556 B CN110460556 B CN 110460556B CN 201910782235 A CN201910782235 A CN 201910782235A CN 110460556 B CN110460556 B CN 110460556B
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CN110460556A (en
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于秦
姚智仁
胡杰
杨鲲
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2649—Demodulators

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Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of wireless data and energy integrated transmission signals of an orthogonal multi-carrier system, which comprises the following steps: s1, generating a mixed waveform; s2, carrying out energy analysis on the received signal, and dividing the received signal into an information transmission signal and an energy transmission signal; s3, demodulating the received information transmission signal, and rectifying the received energy transmission signal; s4, establishing a signal transmission model by taking maximum energy reception as a target on the premise of meeting the information rate requirement; and S5, solving the signal transmission model established in the step S4. The invention analyzes the signal receiver model of the mixed waveform, designs the waveform design algorithm for inhibiting the frequency deviation, well inhibits the influence caused by the frequency deviation on the premise of low information rate requirement, and can effectively improve the communication performance when the information rate is lower.

Description

Wireless data and energy integrated transmission signal design method for orthogonal multi-carrier system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless signal transmission, and particularly relates to a design method of an orthogonal multi-carrier system wireless data and energy integrated transmission signal based on imperfect carrier frequency synchronization.
Background
With the diversification of production demands, sensor networks are becoming a non-negligible part of people's lives. On the other hand, the rapid development of ad hoc networks and wireless communication technologies represented by 5G enables more flexible networking of sensor networks. But the life cycle of the sensor network is always a shackle which limits the application of the sensor network. Conventional sensor nodes are powered by replaceable batteries. The life cycle of the sensor node is thus completely dependent on the capacity of the battery. The volume must be sacrificed in order to achieve greater battery capacity. And the replacement of the storage battery will also consume huge labor cost. Some nodes also use renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy to supply power in an auxiliary mode. But its application still has certain limitation because of the instability of its energy source.
The energy-counting integrated network is just an effective scheme for solving the energy supply of the nodes. But wireless signals have the characteristic of fading rapidly with spatial distance. How to realize efficient energy transmission on the existing basis becomes the current research hotspot. Most of the existing research is used to make the energy receiving and converting efficiency constant. In fact, for a given energy receiver, the energy conversion efficiency is related to many factors, including but not limited to power, frequency, signal type, and even temperature. Due to the complexity of the rf circuit, mainly from non-linear devices and impedance matching, it is not practical to perform a uniform analysis of the energy conversion efficiency. Generally speaking, the trend of the change of the energy conversion efficiency is studied under certain conditions. This results in a non-linear characteristic of the reception of radio frequency energy. The nonlinear nature of the reception of the rf energy makes sense to the waveform of the signal. How to improve communication and energy transmission performance as much as possible on the existing basis becomes an urgent need.
The peak-to-average ratio needs to be suppressed in the conventional communication system to reduce the dynamic response stress of the signal transmitter. But in general, higher input power has better energy reception efficiency for energy reception circuits. Kim, New SWIPT Using PAPR, How It Works provides a method for measuring the peak-to-average ratio in the MIMO system. A waveform design scheme is designed for different expressions of modulation signals and non-modulation signals on a single-diode rectification circuit in Wireless Information and Power Transfer by Clerckx, wherein the waveform design scheme and the Rate-Energy Transfer design scheme realize higher Energy conversion efficiency under the requirement of lower Information Rate. In the document Dual Mode Switching Policy, wave form Design and driver Architecture with adaptive Mode Switching Policy, in order to improve the adaptability of signals, authors Design different signal waveforms for different scenes to realize simultaneous transmission of data and energy.
The core of the waveform design is to improve the energy conversion efficiency by introducing a non-modulation signal. Simulations show that as the demand for information transmission is smaller, the higher the energy conversion efficiency is improved. One reason for this is that in situations where the information rate requirements are relatively low, the algorithm allocates more power in the non-modulated signal than in the modulated signal. Higher performance is achieved through a reasonable allocation algorithm. When the information rate requirement is gradually increased, the power allocation is gradually biased towards information transmission. The performance is gradually overlapping compared to the conventional waveform. However, in some special scenarios, such as the occurrence of frequency offset, an excessively large non-modulated signal may have a non-negligible effect on information demodulation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a wireless data and energy integrated transmission signal design method of an orthogonal multi-carrier system, which well inhibits the influence caused by frequency offset on the premise of low information rate requirement and can effectively improve the communication performance when the information rate is low.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the design method of the wireless data and energy integrated transmission signal of the orthogonal multi-carrier system comprises the following steps:
s1, generating a mixed waveform;
s2, carrying out energy analysis on the received signal, and dividing the received signal into an information transmission signal and an energy transmission signal;
s3, demodulating the received information transmission signal, and rectifying the received energy transmission signal;
s4, establishing a signal transmission model by taking maximum energy reception as a target on the premise of meeting the information rate requirement;
and S5, solving the signal transmission model established in the step S4.
Further, the specific implementation method of step S1 is as follows: suppose the bandwidth of the signal is BsThen, the signal sent by the signal transmitter is:
Figure BDA0002176958060000021
the signal x (t) sent by the signal transmitter is an information waveform signal xI(t) sum energy waveform signal xP(t) superposition; wherein N is the total number of subcarriers; f. ofnRepresents a frequency of an nth subcarrier; the frequency difference of every two adjacent sub-carriers is the same, and the equivalent bandwidth of each sub-band of the signal is Bs；xn,I(t) represents a symbol transmitted on the nth subcarrier at time instant t;
Figure BDA0002176958060000022
and
Figure BDA0002176958060000023
respectively representing the information signal and the energy signal transmitted in one symbol time on the nth sub-channel, where Sn,IAnd Sn,PRepresenting the amplitude, phi, of the information signal and the energy signal, respectivelyn,IAnd phin,PRepresenting the phases of the information signal and the energy signal, respectively;
the signal is divided into two parts: one part is a modulation signal, and the other part is a non-modulation signal; suppose that the modulated signal is input as
Figure BDA0002176958060000031
I.e. the modulation symbols omega of the sub-channelsn,IAnd power normalization sign
Figure BDA0002176958060000032
The product of (a); x is the number ofn,I(t) is expressed in time domain as symbol time 1/BsFor square wave signals with constantly changing periods, removing (t) a general expression representing symbols within one symbol time for convenience; the input symbols of the modulated signal are independent of each other and their amplitudes are expressed as
Figure BDA0002176958060000033
Phase position
Figure BDA0002176958060000034
Is [0,2 π ]]Uniform distribution of (2); let the symbol input during a symbol time be
Figure BDA0002176958060000035
Is provided with
Figure BDA0002176958060000036
And
Figure BDA0002176958060000037
to obtain
Figure BDA0002176958060000038
Likewise, there are
Figure BDA0002176958060000039
And omegan,PNo change over time;
to obtain:
Figure BDA00021769580600000310
after the frequency offset Δ f of the signal at the transmitting end is caused by circuit error or doppler effect, the obtained signal is:
Figure BDA00021769580600000311
since the channel has time delay, each subcarrier is considered as a narrow-band signal, so that the signal symbol is considered as a constant signal in a short time, and the signal is obtained as:
Figure BDA00021769580600000312
where L represents the number of multipath channels, αn,lAnd ζn,lRepresents the signal fading and phase shift caused by the channel;
order to
Figure BDA00021769580600000313
Then, the channel is set as:
Figure BDA00021769580600000314
wherein psinFor the corresponding phase of the channel, the signal is re-represented as:
Figure BDA00021769580600000315
where p (T) represents a square wave signal of length symbol time duration T:
Figure BDA00021769580600000316
further, the specific implementation method of step S2 is as follows: power dividing the received signal: dividing a received signal into ρ [ y [ [ y ])I(t)+yP(t)]And (1- ρ) [ y ]I(t)+yP(t)]Two parts, the former is used for receiving energy, and the latter is used for demodulating signals; after the signal passes through the power divider, one part of the signal is used for information demodulation, and one part of energy is directly input into the rectifying circuit;
obtaining a current i input to a loadoutComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002176958060000041
of particular interest is the set of subcarriers that carry the signal because of the random variation that exists. We describe the behavior of the signal-carrying subcarriers at the receiver by the expectation of the symbols. Therefore, the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002176958060000042
while being known from the independence of the symbols
Figure BDA0002176958060000043
Figure BDA0002176958060000044
The above formula can be rewritten as:
Figure BDA0002176958060000045
wherein R isantIndicating the internal resistance of the antenna; k is a radical ofi' denotes the coefficient:
Figure BDA0002176958060000046
isis the maximum reverse saturation current of the diode, vtIs the temperature voltage equivalent of the diode, n is the characteristic factor of the diode, voutIs the demand voltage of the load;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002176958060000047
Figure BDA0002176958060000048
Figure BDA0002176958060000049
Figure BDA00021769580600000410
()*representing a conjugate operation.
Further, the specific implementation method of step S3 is as follows: order to
Figure BDA00021769580600000411
The complex form of the signal input to the demodulator is:
Figure BDA0002176958060000051
demodulating symbols on the nth channel:
Figure BDA0002176958060000052
let P (f) be the Fourier transform of p (t), the above equation is re-expressed as:
Figure BDA0002176958060000053
corresponding subcarrierThe average power of the symbols carrying information on the wave is:
Figure BDA0002176958060000054
the power from the intercarrier interference is:
Figure BDA0002176958060000055
wherein
Figure BDA0002176958060000056
The signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio is obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002176958060000057
wherein
Figure BDA0002176958060000058
Representing the noise power;
receiving information and energy and antenna noise by energy division mode in consideration of receiving end
Figure BDA0002176958060000059
And circuit noise
Figure BDA00021769580600000510
The rate to get the whole band is:
Figure BDA00021769580600000511
wherein B issRepresenting the subchannel bandwidth and p representing the energy splitting factor.
Further, the specific implementation method of step S4 is as follows: according to the condition of maximizing energy reception on the premise of meeting the requirement of corresponding information rate, the following model is established:
Figure BDA0002176958060000061
Figure BDA0002176958060000062
Figure BDA0002176958060000063
C3:0≤ρ≤1
wherein R isminRepresenting information rate constraints of the receiver, P representing total power constraints of the transmitter, SIAnd SPRespectively representing the signal amplitude vectors of the sub-carriers,
Figure BDA0002176958060000064
vector representing the sum of the phase of the energy signal and the phase of the channel, RminAnd P represents the information rate constraint of the receiver and the total power constraint of the transmitter, respectively. Constraint C1 is the energy requirement of the user, C2 is the transmit power limit of the base station, and C3 is the limit of the energy split ratio.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention analyzes the signal receiver model of the mixed waveform, designs the waveform design algorithm for inhibiting the frequency deviation, well inhibits the influence caused by the frequency deviation on the premise of low information rate requirement, and can effectively improve the communication performance when the information rate is lower.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a signal transmitting circuit of a mixed waveform single-user wireless digital-enabled simulcast system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a signal receiving circuit of a mixed waveform single-user wireless digital-enabled simulcast system of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for designing wireless data and energy integrated transmission signals of an orthogonal multi-carrier system according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a frequency offset diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The OFDM signal has the advantages of high frequency spectrum utilization rate, strong frequency selective fading resistance and the like. However, the disadvantages are also significant, one of the main disadvantages being the high synchronization requirements, and in particular the sensitivity to carrier frequency synchronization errors. The frequency offset phenomenon is widely present in various communication scenarios. Such errors are not always generated due to doppler effects in the mutual motion between the base station and the node, which also leads to a deviation of the demodulation of the receiver from the reference value as the communication node ages. When non-modulated carriers are introduced to improve energy conversion efficiency, correlation between symbols on the non-modulated carriers may amplify interference between signals. The present invention focuses on the following problems:
the influence of the special mixed waveform on signal demodulation under the condition of signal frequency shift caused by sports or equipment aging is theoretically analyzed on the premise of waveform design combined with the nonlinear characteristic of radio frequency energy receiving.
The waveform design algorithm aimed at maximizing energy transfer in the case of point-to-point single users designed on the basis of the first point is compared with the original algorithm without considering frequency offset.
Fig. 1 and 2 depict the transmit and receive architecture of a mixed waveform single-user wireless data enabled simulcast system, respectively. Wherein the receiver portion adds a corresponding energy symbol to each information-bearing symbol after serial-to-parallel conversion in the original OFDM system. The information-bearing symbols, because they contain information, are constantly changing in amplitude and phase. We model each information symbol as a random variable with a certain mean value that is uncorrelated with each other. While the energy symbol is dedicated to energy transfer, meaning that its value does not change for a relatively long time. For this reason we can consider him as a constant value. The two symbols are added in the corresponding sub-paths to form an actual symbol to be transmitted. And then the composite signal is sent out through a normal OFDM system to form a composite waveform.
The signal changes as it passes through the wireless channel. Fading is caused by two factors, one is large-scale fading and the other is small-scale fading. The reason for large scale fading is the normal loss of electromagnetic waves as they pass through space. And dominates the overall process. This is partially unavoidable. The effect of this effect in a certain direction can only be reduced by increasing the energy density in a certain direction by means of techniques such as directional antennas. The main cause of small-scale fading is the presence of obstructions in the channel by the signal. The signal will be reflected when hitting the obstacle, and the signal received by the signal sink is a superposition of the original signal and the signal reflected by the surroundings. Before the signal reaches the receiver, the signal may experience fading and variation due to channel effects such as path loss and multipath effects. The patent sets the channel as a rayleigh fading channel.
When the signal reaches the receiver, a power divider is used to pass a part of the signal through a rectifier for energy reception, and a part of the signal is input to a signal demodulator for signal demodulation. Energy reception considerations the commonly used non-linear model is currently being investigated. In addition, the phenomenon of frequency offset is considered, and the phenomenon is theoretically analyzed. And a waveform design algorithm adaptive to the mixed waveform is provided to realize the effective transmission of energy and information.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings. As shown in fig. 3, the method for designing wireless data and energy integrated transmission signals of an orthogonal multi-carrier system includes the following steps:
s1, generating a mixed waveform; the specific implementation method comprises the following steps: suppose the bandwidth of the signal is BsThen, the signal sent by the signal transmitter is:
Figure BDA0002176958060000071
the signal x (t) sent by the signal transmitter is an information waveform signal xI(t) sum energy waveform signal xP(t) superposition; wherein N is the total number of subcarriers; f. ofnRepresents a frequency of an nth subcarrier; the frequency difference of every two adjacent sub-carriers is the same, and the equivalent bandwidth of each sub-band of the signal is Bs；xn,I(t) represents a symbol transmitted on the nth subcarrier at time instant t;
Figure BDA0002176958060000072
and
Figure BDA0002176958060000081
respectively representing the information signal and the energy signal transmitted in one symbol time on the nth sub-channel, where Sn,IAnd Sn,PRepresenting the amplitude, phi, of the information signal and the energy signal, respectivelyn,IAnd phin,PRepresenting the phases of the information signal and the energy signal, respectively;
the signal is divided into two parts: one part is a modulation signal, and the other part is a non-modulation signal; suppose that the modulated signal is input as
Figure BDA0002176958060000082
I.e. the modulation symbols omega of the sub-channelsn,IAnd power normalization sign
Figure BDA0002176958060000083
The product of (a); x is the number ofn,I(t) is expressed in time domain as symbol time 1/BsFor square wave signals with constantly changing periods, removing (t) a general expression representing symbols within one symbol time for convenience; the input symbols of the modulated signal are independent of each other and their amplitudes are expressed as
Figure BDA0002176958060000084
Phase position
Figure BDA0002176958060000085
Is [0,2 π ]]Uniform distribution of (2); making symbols input during a symbol time
Figure BDA0002176958060000086
Is provided with
Figure BDA0002176958060000087
And
Figure BDA0002176958060000088
to obtain
Figure BDA0002176958060000089
Same as aboveIs provided with
Figure BDA00021769580600000810
And omegan,PNo change over time;
to obtain:
Figure BDA00021769580600000811
after the frequency offset Δ f of the signal at the transmitting end is caused by circuit error or doppler effect, the obtained signal is:
Figure BDA00021769580600000812
since the channel has time delay, each subcarrier is considered as a narrow-band signal, so that the signal symbol is considered as a constant signal in a short time, and the signal is obtained as:
Figure BDA00021769580600000813
where L represents the number of multipath channels, αn,lAnd ζn,lRepresents the signal fading and phase shift caused by the channel;
order to
Figure BDA00021769580600000814
Then, the channel is set as:
Figure BDA00021769580600000815
wherein psinFor the corresponding phase of the channel, the signal is re-represented as:
Figure BDA00021769580600000816
where p (T) represents a square wave signal of length symbol time duration T:
Figure BDA0002176958060000091
s2, carrying out energy analysis on the received signal, and dividing the received signal into an information transmission signal and an energy transmission signal;
the specific implementation method comprises the following steps: power dividing the received signal: dividing a received signal into ρ [ y [ [ y ])I(t)+yP(t)]And (1- ρ) [ y ]I(t)+yP(t)]Two parts, the former is used for receiving energy, and the latter is used for demodulating signals; after the signal passes through the power divider, one part of the signal is used for information demodulation, and one part of energy is directly input into the rectifying circuit;
obtaining a current i input to a loadoutComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002176958060000092
of particular interest is the set of subcarriers that carry the signal because of the random variation that exists. We describe the behavior of the signal-carrying subcarriers at the receiver by the expectation of the symbols. Therefore, the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002176958060000093
while being known from the independence of the symbols
Figure BDA0002176958060000094
Figure BDA0002176958060000095
The above formula can be rewritten as:
Figure BDA0002176958060000096
wherein R isantIndicating the internal resistance of the antenna; k is a radical ofi' denotes the coefficient:
Figure BDA0002176958060000097
isis the maximum reverse saturation current of the diode, vtIs a diodeN is a characteristic factor of the diode, voutIs the demand voltage of the load;
in which the distribution of symbols of the information transmission
Figure BDA0002176958060000098
These two symbols representing the transmission of information (the value being a random variable)
Figure BDA0002176958060000099
The quadratic mean and the quartic mean of (a) are equal to 1 and 2, respectively;
Figure BDA00021769580600000910
Figure BDA0002176958060000101
Figure BDA0002176958060000102
Figure BDA0002176958060000103
Figure BDA0002176958060000104
n in (1)0,n1,n2,n3All represent a value range of [1,2, …, N]Is equivalent to nested successive addition, is equivalent to
Figure BDA0002176958060000105
But for n0,n1,n2,n3Has a certain limit on the value of (A), n must be satisfied0+n1＝n2+n3；()*Representing a conjugate operation.
S3, demodulating the received information transmission signal, and rectifying the received energy transmission signal;
the specific implementation method comprises the following steps: order to
Figure BDA0002176958060000106
The complex form of the signal input to the demodulator is:
Figure BDA0002176958060000107
demodulating symbols on the nth channel:
Figure BDA0002176958060000108
let P (f) be the Fourier transform of p (t), the above equation is re-expressed as:
Figure BDA0002176958060000109
it should be noted that the symbol is a symbol composed of a constant energy symbol and a random information symbol. Fig. 4 shows the representation of the signal over the frequency spectrum when a frequency shift occurs. The abscissa represents the frequency of the signal receiver. When the frequency of the signal and the receiver match, as shown on the right of fig. 4. The demodulation of the target symbol is not interfered by other subcarriers at this time. Fig. 4 shows on the left the situation when a deviation of the frequency with respect to the magnitude of af occurs. The sub-carrier f to be demodulated at this timenThe spectrum of the corresponding sub-carrier has the spectrum interference terms of the adjacent sub-carriers besides the spectrum components of the corresponding sub-carriers. Mathematically represented in the latter half of the above equation. This interference can greatly affect the demodulation of the signal. Furthermore, it can be intuitively obtained from the graph that the value of the interference item is increased when the frequency offset is larger. To mathematically represent this difference, the average power of the symbols carrying information on the corresponding subcarriers is found to be:
Figure BDA0002176958060000111
the power from the intercarrier interference is:
Figure BDA0002176958060000112
wherein
Figure BDA0002176958060000113
I.e. the sum of the phase of the channel and the phase of the unmodulated signal on the corresponding subchannel;
the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio is obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002176958060000114
wherein
Figure BDA0002176958060000115
Representing the noise power;
receiving information and energy and antenna noise by energy division mode in consideration of receiving end
Figure BDA0002176958060000116
And circuit noise
Figure BDA0002176958060000117
The rate to get the whole band is:
Figure BDA0002176958060000118
wherein B issRepresenting the subchannel bandwidth and p representing the energy splitting factor.
S4, aiming at maximizing energy reception on the premise of meeting the information rate requirement, establishing the following model:
Figure BDA0002176958060000119
Figure BDA00021769580600001110
Figure BDA00021769580600001111
C3:0≤ρ≤1
wherein R isminRepresenting information rate constraints of the receiver, P representing total power constraints of the transmitter, SIAnd SPRespectively representing the signal amplitude vectors of the sub-carriers,
Figure BDA0002176958060000121
vector representing the sum of the phase of the energy signal and the phase of the channel, RminAnd P represents the information rate constraint of the receiver and the total power constraint of the transmitter, respectively. Constraint C1 is the energy requirement of the user, C2 is the transmit power limit of the base station, and C3 is the limit of the energy split ratio.
And S5, solving the signal transmission model established in the step S4.
In this example, there are various bionic algorithms, and here, the frog-leaping algorithm is taken as an example. It is not assumed that all optimization variables have Num. The algorithm firstly needs to initialize nPop honey source existence matrixes PopPopositionNum×nPopIn (1). Then calculating the value of the objective function of each honey source and storing the value in a matrix PopCost1×nPop. And finally, calculating a probability matrix of each honey source, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002176958060000122
wherein
Figure BDA0002176958060000123
PopCost is the target value matrix for each honey source. The core algorithm comprises three steps:
1. and (2) traversing all the nodes, randomly selecting a node k which is not i for the node i, and finding out the next honey source Newposition [ PopPosition [ i ] + a rand (PopPosition [ i ] -PopPosition [ k ]) according to the following rule, wherein a is the step length set by us, and rand is a randomly generated vector in the range of (-1, 1). A new cost is computed and the better of the greedy is selected. When a new honey source is selected, the PopPosition and poppost are updated and mine (k) ═ 1 is given, and when an old honey source is selected, mine (k) ═ mine (k) +1 is given.
2. Onlooker Bees, Probability matrix Probasic from a wheel method1×nPopSelects a source of honey and performs the greedy operation of 1 on that source of honey.
3. Scout Bees, all honey source nodes are varied, and nodes corresponding to values of $ Mine $ larger than L are searched. Randomly generated values cover it and update the cost value and Mine matrix.
The detailed algorithm is summarized as follows:
Figure BDA0002176958060000124
Figure BDA0002176958060000131
it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. The design method of the wireless data and energy integrated transmission signal of the orthogonal multi-carrier system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, generating a mixed waveform;
s2, carrying out energy analysis on the received signal, and dividing the received signal into an information transmission signal and an energy transmission signal;
s3, demodulating the received information transmission signal, and rectifying the received energy transmission signal; the specific implementation method comprises the following steps: order to
Figure FDA0002528325380000011
Input demodulatorThe complex form of the signal of (a) is:
Figure FDA0002528325380000012
demodulating symbols on the nth channel:
Figure FDA0002528325380000013
let P (f) be the Fourier transform of p (t), the above equation is re-expressed as:
Figure FDA0002528325380000014
the average power of the symbols carrying information on the corresponding subcarriers is:
Figure FDA0002528325380000015
the power from the intercarrier interference is:
Figure FDA0002528325380000016
wherein
Figure FDA0002528325380000017
The signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio is obtained as follows:
Figure FDA0002528325380000018
wherein
Figure FDA0002528325380000021
Representing the noise power;
receiving information and energy and antenna noise by energy division mode in consideration of receiving end
Figure FDA0002528325380000022
And circuit noise
Figure FDA0002528325380000023
The rate to get the whole band is:
Figure FDA0002528325380000024
wherein B issRepresenting the sub-channel bandwidth, and rho representing the energy splitting factor;
s4, establishing a signal transmission model by taking maximum energy reception as a target on the premise of meeting the information rate requirement;
and S5, solving the signal transmission model established in the step S4.
2. The method for designing wireless data and energy integrated transmission signals of an orthogonal multi-carrier system according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 is implemented by: suppose the bandwidth of the signal is BsThen, the signal sent by the signal transmitter is:
Figure FDA0002528325380000025
the signal x (t) sent by the signal transmitter is an information waveform signal xI(t) sum energy waveform signal xP(t) superposition; wherein N is the total number of subcarriers; f. ofnRepresents a frequency of an nth subcarrier; x is the number ofn,I(t) represents a symbol transmitted on the nth subcarrier at time instant t;
Figure FDA0002528325380000026
and
Figure FDA0002528325380000027
respectively representing the information signal and the energy signal transmitted in one symbol time on the nth sub-channel, where Sn,IAnd Sn,PRespectively representing the amplitude of the information signal and the energy signal,φn,Iand phin,PRepresenting the phases of the information signal and the energy signal, respectively;
after the frequency offset Δ f of the signal at the transmitting end is caused by circuit error or doppler effect, the obtained signal is:
Figure FDA0002528325380000028
since the channel has time delay, each subcarrier is considered as a narrow-band signal, so that the signal symbol is considered as a constant signal in a short time, and the signal is obtained as:
Figure FDA0002528325380000029
where L represents the number of multipath channels, αn,lAnd ζn,lRepresents the signal fading and phase shift caused by the channel;
order to
Figure FDA0002528325380000031
Then, the channel is set as:
Figure FDA0002528325380000032
wherein psinFor the corresponding phase of the channel, the signal is re-represented as:
Figure FDA0002528325380000033
where p (T) represents a square wave signal of length symbol time duration T:
Figure FDA0002528325380000034
3. the method for designing wireless data and energy integrated transmission signals of an orthogonal multi-carrier system according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 is implemented by: to receivingNumber power split: dividing a received signal into ρ [ y [ [ y ])I(t)+yP(t)]And (1- ρ) [ y ]I(t)+yP(t)]Two parts, the former is used for receiving energy, and the latter is used for demodulating signals;
obtaining a current i input to a loadoutComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002528325380000035
wherein R isantIndicating the internal resistance of the antenna; k'iRepresents the coefficient:
Figure FDA0002528325380000036
isis the maximum reverse saturation current of the diode, vtIs the temperature voltage equivalent of the diode, n is the characteristic factor of the diode, voutIs the demand voltage of the load;
Figure FDA0002528325380000037
Figure FDA0002528325380000038
Figure FDA0002528325380000039
Figure FDA0002528325380000041
()*representing a conjugate operation.
4. The method for designing wireless data and energy integrated transmission signals of an orthogonal multi-carrier system according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 is implemented by: according to the condition of maximizing energy reception on the premise of meeting the requirement of corresponding information rate, the following model is established:
Figure FDA0002528325380000042
s.t C1:
Figure FDA0002528325380000043
C2:
Figure FDA0002528325380000044
C3:0≤ρ≤1
wherein R isminRepresenting information rate constraints of the receiver, P representing total power constraints of the transmitter, SIAnd SPRespectively representing the signal amplitude vectors of the sub-carriers,
Figure FDA0002528325380000045
vector representing the sum of the phase of the energy signal and the phase of the channel, RminAnd P represents the information rate constraint of the receiver and the total power constraint of the transmitter, respectively.
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