CN1087324A - Biological removal phosphorus from waste water - Google Patents
Biological removal phosphorus from waste water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1087324A CN1087324A CN93114337A CN93114337A CN1087324A CN 1087324 A CN1087324 A CN 1087324A CN 93114337 A CN93114337 A CN 93114337A CN 93114337 A CN93114337 A CN 93114337A CN 1087324 A CN1087324 A CN 1087324A
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- Prior art keywords
- waste water
- active sludge
- container
- reactor
- phosphorus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/308—Biological phosphorus removal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1215—Combinations of activated sludge treatment with precipitation, flocculation, coagulation and separation of phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/902—Materials removed
- Y10S210/903—Nitrogenous
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/902—Materials removed
- Y10S210/906—Phosphorus containing
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method of handling waste water may further comprise the steps:
(a) under anaerobic waste water (1) is mixed with active sludge (4);
(b) product with step (a) moves to a container (B);
(c) the contained thing of container (B) is carried out aeration;
(d) make the contained thing sedimentation of container, and be divided into outflow liquid layer (3) and activated sludge layer;
(e) effluent (3) decant after at least a portion is handled come out and
(f) active sludge (4) with at least a portion step (d) gained is recycled to (a), so that the mud in the step (a) to be provided.
Description
The present invention relates to wastewater treatment, relate in particular to from waste water and remove phosphorus by biological mode.
Dispose of sewage and the simple form of other waste water comprises: waste water (food), air and microorganism are mixed, to produce a kind of bioprocess.This bioprocess resolves into the product that is easier to discharge with " food ".(activatedsludge, AS) method is widely used for this purpose to the active sludge of setting up in 1913 at present just in a variety of forms.
In traditional activated sludge process, after primary dcreening operation and sedimentation, sewage by the aeration tank, is then fed settler.A part of biological activity mud of collecting from the pond of settler is recycled, and adds the about 25-200% that injects waste water stream and account for the liquid stream that flows into the aeration tank.Balance mud is injected into anaerobic sludge digestion unit.
In the aeration tank, sulphur, nitrogen and other elements of hydrocarbon polymer and reduction form are oxidized.Nitrogenous compound is oxidized to nitric acid (root) (nitrification).In the reactor of anaerobic, nitrate radical is reduced into nitrogen (denitrification).
In sewage disposal technology, as being used for, " anaerobic " means and do not exist oxygen still to have nitrate radical herein, and " anaerobism " means oxygen and nitrate radical does not exist.
Activated sludge process has been developed into the method for carrying out continuously with various ways, for example Wuhrmann method, Ludzack-Eitting method and Bardenpho method.The something in common of these methods is: influent is handled continuously and continuously successively by a series of reactor, in each reactor condition is controlled to specific reaction conditions.In one or more reactors, keep aeration condition with the acceleration nitrification, and in one or more reactors, keep oxygen free condition to quicken denitrification.The sedimentation of flowing through of effusive liquid, a part of mud is dropped into the ring that contracts continuously again.Difference between these methods is the setting of mud recirculation, the number of the reaction chamber of employing and the selection that is used for the parameter of initial control.
Continuous processing capital-intensive and be applicable to the waste water of handling populous city.
Along with the development of continuous processing, set up intermittently prolong aeration (intermittentextended aeration process, IEA).In the method, the cycling program between ventilation, sedimentation and the decant is carried out in single container.At aeration phase, carry out nitrification (effect).Set up oxygen free condition at subsidence stage, carry out denitrification this moment.Then, the upper surface layer on settled mud is by decant.Waste sludge is recovered and can be in the mud retention basin or through other sludge handling process.In each step of round-robin, the mud of whole content of container all is in identical conditions basically.Typically, this system carries out to continuously flow into liquid form.
Multi-form IEA method has quite successfully been moved 25 years or be more of a specified duration, and its advantage is that for the few or medium area of population, treatment plant's laid down cost is low, and is reliable and easy to control relatively.This method can be removed BOD, SS and nitrogen usually to heavens.It on a large scale charge capacity operate, and the rapid fluctuations of influent stream is very little to its influence.Control mainly is to realize by regulating oxygen input (aeration/not aeration time) and mud total amount.
In the seventies, produced interest aspect phosphorus and the nitrogen successive AS method being modified into to remove effectively.The ultimate principle of biological dephosphorization is: under anaerobic " food " is contacted with microorganism, cause microorganism that soluble substrate is transformed into acetate moiety, the microorganism of other selections then discharges phosphorus and absorbs acetate moiety.Under aeration condition subsequently, the acetate moiety of storage is used to generate energy, is used to the reserves of growing and being used for replenishing polyphosphoric acid salt.Like this, the intake of phosphorus is greater than burst size.
Removing nitrogen and removing phosphorus is mutual process of competition to a certain extent, because the existence of nitrate radical can suppress the release of phosphorus, and denitrification has consumed the required soluble substrate of bacterial growth of removing phosphorus.
The improvement that continuous processing is carried out all is in order to realize biological removal nitrogen simultaneously and to remove phosphorus, for example the UCT method of Phoredox method and improvement in a large number.Therefore, it is more complicated that continuous processing becomes, thereby be difficult to control, and actual phosphorus is removed the complicacy that also can further increase in treatment plant and the operation.
After about nineteen eighty-two, also the IEA method has been done the trial of a large amount of improvement aspect, so that when reducing nitrogen, reduce the concentration of phosphorus.Typically, the IEA method of improvement can not removed about 20% phosphorus.Show,, mix and the sludge settling step, can remove phosphorus and nitrogen by introducing interim anaerobic when aeration, sedimentation and decant circulation when being effective to removing nitrogen.Progress has subsequently been inquired into the multiple strategy that relates to order, comprises alternately carrying out anaerobism circulation and aeration condition.But this so far IEA method can't be moved with Continuous Flow, and only when anaerobic stages, and raw waste water is only and can accepts to handle.Also discovery is difficult to the fluctuation of ammonia concentration in the controlling flow fluid stream, and ammonia concentration is maintained at and on average is lower than 3mg/l in being about to flow out.In a word, all difficult control of the improvement IEA method that proposes so far and impracticable.
One object of the present invention is, a kind of method of wastewater treatment is provided, and it has improved some defective in the prior art at least.Another purpose is, a kind of method is provided, and it has kept the advantage of IEA treatment system, and promptly Kong Zhi simplicity and relatively low cost investment allow to continuously flow into simultaneously waste water again and can effectively remove phosphorus and nitrogen.
On the one hand, the present invention includes a kind of method, it may further comprise the steps:
(a) under anaerobic waste water is mixed with active sludge;
(b) product with step (a) moves to a container;
(c) the contained thing of container is carried out aeration;
(d) make the contained thing sedimentation of container, and be divided into outflow liquid layer and activated sludge layer;
(e) the effluent decant after at least a portion is handled come out and
(f) active sludge with at least a portion step (d) gained is recycled to (a), so that the mud in the step (a) to be provided.
Should be understood that to be used for active sludge of the present invention except the microorganism of other existence, also comprise the bacterium of certain density removal phosphorus.
Preferably, the ratio of active sludge and waste water influx is 0.2: 1-3: 1(mud: waste water).Further preferably, in step (c), more preferably in step (c) with (d), best is at institute (c) in steps from the product of anaerobic stages step (a), (d) and be the container that flows into step (b) continuously basically (e).
Below, the present invention does further concrete elaboration in conjunction with the embodiments also with reference to appended accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the schema of the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schema of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schema of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schema of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, waste water influent stream is by circuit 1 inflow reactor A, and in reactor A, it under anaerobic mixes with active sludge from circuit 4.Active sludge is preferably denitrifying basically (as what hereinafter mention) and with 0.2: 1-3: 1(mud: mixed waste water).Optimum proportion depends on the concentration (biological chemical oxygen demand capable of being fast degraded, i.e. " RBCOD ") of soluble substrate and remove the bacterium of phosphorus and the concentration of other bacteriums in active sludge stream.The residence time in reactor A is more fortunately between 0.5-4 hour.Preferred configuration comprises a way flow (plug flow).Dynamic (dynamical) rate constant in the time of can changing into acetate moiety by the concentration of RBCOD and with RBCOD is determined most optimal retention time.
Reactor A is used for making the RBCOD reaction to produce acetate moiety (for example by other microorganisms or lipid acid reaction under anaerobic).Acetate moiety then is removed the bacterium of phosphorus and takes in, and the latter attends by mutually phosphorus is released into solution.So just, the bacterium to the removal phosphorus of the mud that is arranged in reactor A has done pre-treatment, so that in reactor B all basically phosphorus is taken out from solution and removes subsequently.
Product from reactor A comprises the active sludge of the bacterium that contains pretreated removal phosphorus and exhausts the waste water of solubility RBCOD and the active sludge of recirculation.Product via line 2 inflow reactor B carry out prolonging intermittence aeration process here.The inclusion of reactor B is through a series of processing, for example:
(a) (ⅰ) aeration ﹠ fills up
(ⅱ) sedimentation ﹠ fills up
(ⅲ) decant ﹠ fills up
Or (b) (ⅰ) aeration ﹠ fills up
(ⅱ) sedimentation ﹠ fills up
(ⅲ) decant
Or (c) (ⅰ) aeration ﹠ fills up
(ⅱ) sedimentation
(ⅲ) decant
(a) in proper order (wherein the inflow that flows to reactor B with reactor A is a successive) is preferred, because its only needs the reaction road of volume minimum, so minimum for the cost investment of given average influx.
In reactor B, nitrification and denitrification obtain like this:
(a) control aeration and the not relative time of aeration, and/or
(b) speed of mixture aeration.
Circulation in can controlling reactor B, thus the effluent liquid stream content aspect ammonia, nitrate and phosphorus that makes decant come out is very low.As pretreated result in reactor A, removing the bacterium (for example acinetobacter (Acinetobacter sp.)) of phosphorus will take out in the solution of most phosphorus from reactor B, and be present in the mud, the part of mud is moved to the refuse place.Part mud preferably is recycled to continous way, and promptly gets back in the reactor A by circuit 4.A bit weaker is, a part of mud is removed in precipitation step or when finishing, and off and on by circuit 4 recirculation Returning reactor A, as noted earlier, is used for mixing with influent stream 1.
In the method shown in schema 2,3 and 4, carry out with the diagram of the similar function described in Fig. 1 partly use with Fig. 1 in corresponding number mark.
The difference of embodiment shown in Figure 2 and embodiment shown in Figure 1 is, use the reactor C of an anaerobic to carry out denitrification so that will contain the continuous round-robin mud of nitric acid, perhaps for retention in the mud that takes out from reactor B after the subsidence stage, this moment, mud was denitrifying basically.Although do not mark in the drawings,, also can be continuously or be recirculated into reaction vessel C off and on from a part of anaerobism activatory mud 4 of reactor A, with the denitrification among the enhancing reactor C.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, mud by circuit 4 recirculation and influent stream mix in the series reaction device A that is made up of 2 or a plurality of reactor A, basically form uniflux (plug flow).
In flow process embodiment shown in Figure 4, the mud by circuit 4 recirculation is under the oxygen free condition with before influent 1 mixes, and is flowed among a plurality of reactor C.Then, as shown in, influent and mud perhaps mix in single anaerobic reactor A in a series of anaerobic reactor A.Although do not mark in the drawings, in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, can recirculation return reactor A, and can recirculation return reactor C and merge with waste water 1 from the active sludge of reactor A from a part of active sludge 4 of reactor B.
At Fig. 2, among the embodiment shown in 3 and 4, from the mud of reactor B by circuit 4 recirculation with influent flow in reactor A, mix before, denitrification in anoxic reactor C earlier.C(is one or more at reactor) in the residence time be 0.5-3 hour, remain in nitrate radical in the mud in order to remove all.Be controlled at the IEA method in the reactor B, to obtain the very low effluent liquid of ammonia content, this means residually in effluent liquid has a part nitrate radical.In some cases, it is desirable keeping as the nitric acid more than or equal to 10mg/l concentration, still, is preferably lower than 5mg/l, thereby prevents before decant or during decant, phosphorus is released into flows out stream.In this case, in reactor C, make further denitrification and be good, otherwise the existence of nitric acid can reduce the amount of the RBCOD that can supply with the bacterium of removing phosphorus, and when the concentration limit of RBCOD during the degree of obtainable removal phosphorus, then useful especially.
As those skilled in the art knew, reactor A and/or reactor C can be made up of little of a series of mutual connections, and thing is separated the reactor that needs not to be in fact separate so they are spaced.Equally, reactor A and/or reactor C are arranged in mutual separated little of the IEA reactor B, and are interconnected, and need only when carrying out aeration in reactor B and can keep anaerobic condition in reactor A.Usually, reactor can be equipped with mixing device.Whole process can be furnished with the device of the various conditions of automatic monitoring, and these conditions comprise redox-potential, dissolved oxygen, flow, concentration level etc., and the automatic control device that can control according to known result.
The inventive method has kept the low cost investment of IEA method and the advantage of making property of control letter, removes nitrogen and phosphorus thereby separate by the method that will effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneously high-levelly.Importantly, under the condition that is cold, nitrification is not because can not be taken into account in order to remove phosphorus, and this method is convenient to control ammonia in lower concentration in effluent liquid stream.
Can make 90% outflow stream reach standard with this method, reach 1mg/l nitric acid ammonia.
For the influent that contains more than the 7mg/l phosphorus, can reach phosphorus in the effluent liquid (as phosphate radical) concentration and be lower than 1mg/l.
Through noted earlier, those skilled in the art are very clear, and the inventive method can start form to implement with other, but this falls among the invention scope that herein limits equally.
Claims (13)
1, a kind of method of handling waste water is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(a) under anaerobic waste water is mixed with active sludge;
(b) product with step (a) moves to a container;
(c) the contained thing of container is carried out aeration;
(d) make the contained thing sedimentation of container, and be divided into outflow liquid layer and activated sludge layer;
(e) the effluent decant after at least a portion is handled come out and
(f) active sludge with at least a portion step (d) gained is recycled to (a), so that the mud in the step (a) to be provided.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the bacterium of certain density removal phosphorus in the active sludge.
3, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, active sludge contains other microorganisms.
4, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the bacterium of removing phosphorus is acinetobacter (Acinetobacter sp.).
As the described arbitrary method of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that 5, the ratio of active sludge and waste water is 0.2: 1-3: 1(mud: waste water).
6, as described any method of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, is basic successive from the anaerobic stages of step (a) and the liquid stream that flows into the container of step (b) in step (c).
7, method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the liquid stream of container that flows into step (b) is basic successive in step (c) and (d).
8, method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the liquid stream of container that flows into step (b) is at step (c), (d) and be basic successive (e).
9, as arbitrary described method of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that, is to carry out 0.5-4 hour in step (a).
10, as any method as described in the claim 1-9, it is characterized in that, also comprise with the active sludge denitrification of recirculation and with the waste water of step (a) and mixing.
11, method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, has at least the part waste water of step (a) to be injected towards denitrifying active sludge.
As the described method of claim 1-11, it is characterized in that 12, active sludge is denitrifying basically.
13, a kind of method of handling waste water is characterized in that, and is described by arbitrary accompanying drawing basically.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPL5724 | 1992-11-06 | ||
| AUPL572492 | 1992-11-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1087324A true CN1087324A (en) | 1994-06-01 |
Family
ID=3776525
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93114337A Pending CN1087324A (en) | 1992-11-06 | 1993-11-06 | Biological removal phosphorus from waste water |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5543051A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR950704199A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1087324A (en) |
| IN (1) | IN179546B (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ257307A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994011313A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1096425C (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2002-12-18 | 韩国建设技术研究院 | Apparatus and method for treating sewage and wastewater biologically |
| CN1318324C (en) * | 2003-04-21 | 2007-05-30 | 韩国建设技术研究院 | Sewage treatment appts. using self-granulating active sludge and sewage treatment process |
| CN103103140A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-15 | 浙江商达环保有限公司 | Aerobic phosphorus removing bacterial stain for sewage treatment and application thereof |
| CN107108297A (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2017-08-29 | 赛莱默知识产权管理有限公司 | Method for handling waste water |
| CN107848849A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2018-03-27 | K·英格尔 | The biological wastewater purification method of removal with phosphorus |
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| US7344643B2 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2008-03-18 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Process to enhance phosphorus removal for activated sludge wastewater treatment systems |
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| DK167791D0 (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1991-10-01 | Krueger I Systems As | PROCEDURE FOR MANAGING WASTE WATER WASTE PLANT USING QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF MEASUREMENT DATA |
| DK168234B1 (en) * | 1991-11-28 | 1994-02-28 | Krueger I Systems As | Process of recovering in a heat distribution plant, e.g. a district heating grid, usable heat energy from a generator system with an air-cooled generator powered by an internal combustion engine and a cogeneration system for carrying out the method |
| US5182021A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-01-26 | Lehigh University | Biological process for enhanced removal of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate from wastewater |
| DK206291D0 (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1991-12-23 | Krueger I Systems As | PROCEDURE FOR PURIFYING POLLUTED WATER |
| DK6392A (en) * | 1992-01-20 | 1993-07-21 | Krueger I Systems As | SLAM DRAINAGE DEVICE |
| DE69308311T2 (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1997-09-11 | Krueger As I | METHOD FOR PURIFYING METAL-CONTAINING AQUEOUS LIQUIDS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN ADSORBENT |
| US5380438A (en) * | 1993-08-17 | 1995-01-10 | City Of Atlanta | Treatment of wastewater through enhanced biological phosphorus removal |
-
1993
- 1993-10-27 NZ NZ25730793A patent/NZ257307A/en unknown
- 1993-10-27 KR KR1019950701751A patent/KR950704199A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-10-27 WO PCT/AU1993/000555 patent/WO1994011313A1/en active Application Filing
- 1993-11-05 IN IN675CA1993 patent/IN179546B/en unknown
- 1993-11-06 CN CN93114337A patent/CN1087324A/en active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-06-19 US US08/433,330 patent/US5543051A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1096425C (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2002-12-18 | 韩国建设技术研究院 | Apparatus and method for treating sewage and wastewater biologically |
| CN1318324C (en) * | 2003-04-21 | 2007-05-30 | 韩国建设技术研究院 | Sewage treatment appts. using self-granulating active sludge and sewage treatment process |
| CN103103140A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-15 | 浙江商达环保有限公司 | Aerobic phosphorus removing bacterial stain for sewage treatment and application thereof |
| CN107108297A (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2017-08-29 | 赛莱默知识产权管理有限公司 | Method for handling waste water |
| CN107848849A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2018-03-27 | K·英格尔 | The biological wastewater purification method of removal with phosphorus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1994011313A1 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
| IN179546B (en) | 1997-10-18 |
| NZ257307A (en) | 1997-10-24 |
| KR950704199A (en) | 1995-11-17 |
| US5543051A (en) | 1996-08-06 |
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