CN108682270A - A kind of the true triaxial fracture simulation device and its working method of the laying of simulation proppant - Google Patents
A kind of the true triaxial fracture simulation device and its working method of the laying of simulation proppant Download PDFInfo
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- CN108682270A CN108682270A CN201810416413.6A CN201810416413A CN108682270A CN 108682270 A CN108682270 A CN 108682270A CN 201810416413 A CN201810416413 A CN 201810416413A CN 108682270 A CN108682270 A CN 108682270A
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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Abstract
A kind of the true triaxial fracture simulation device and its working method of the laying of simulation proppant, belong to oil-gas field development technical field, described device includes the sequentially connected fracturing fluid agitator tank of Trunk Line, fracturing pump, proppant agitator tank, crack extended simulation component and integrated control system.Proppant agitator tank has by-pass line in parallel.It is equipped with pole changer between fracturing pump and proppant agitator tank, controls the connection and cut-out of Trunk Line and proppant agitator tank and by-pass line；Installation has the metal threaded pit shaft centainly deformed inside fracture simulation rock sample.The invention is by increasing individual proppant adding set and pole changer, improve wellbore shape and addition fibrous material, improve the sealing intensity between pit shaft and rock sample contact surface, it is quasi- that in fracture initiation/expansion process plus sand mo(u)ld can be achieved, and the purpose of true triaxial pressure break laboratory experiment success rate is improved, there is important directive significance to the optimization design of research proppant migration rule and pressing crack construction scheme.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of true triaxial fracture simulation device that simulation proppant is laid and its working methods, belong to oil gas
The technical field of field exploitation.
Background technology
The untraditional reservoir in China is widely distributed, and due to the features such as its low hole, hypotonic, oil, gas are in reservoir matrix
Filtrational resistance is very big, generally relies on fracturing yield increasing renovation technique to realize that the economical and effective of low permeability reservoirs is exploited.Hydraulic fracturing
It is an extremely complex well production increment reforming technology, using ground high pressure pump group, with the discharge capacity more than formation absorption ability
Fracturing fluid is pumped into well, high pressure has been suppressed in shaft bottom, when pump injection pressure power overcomes crustal stress near the borehole wall to reach tensile strength of rock
Afterwards, crack is generated in shaft bottom；Continue the mixing liquid for being pumped into fracturing fluid and proppant, long enough can be formed in the earth formation, have one
The sand packed fracture for determining flow conductivity provides reservoir fluid seepage channel.
In order to preferably study crack initiation/propagation law of the fracturing fracture in reservoir, laboratory is usually using concrete, water
The materials such as mud, sandstone, coal petrography make pressure break rock sample and simulate actual reservoir, install wellbore apparatus inside rock sample, liquid passes through pit shaft
It is pumped into rock sample, high pressure has been suppressed inside rock sample, until reaching the fracture pressure of pressure break makes rock sample fracturing.
According to hydraulic fracturing principle, the sealing between pit shaft and rock sample contact surface is the key that experiment success or failure, once sealing is not
Sternly, being pumped into the liquid of rock sample will overflow along the interface of pit shaft and rock sample, so that high pressure can not have been suppressed in shaft bottom, cause rock sample without
Method fracturing.In order to avoid the above problem, laboratory generally use reduces mineshaft diameter to the method for 3~10mm (1~8mm of internal diameter)
Reduce cementation interface to improve the leakproofness of pit shaft and rock sample, so as to cause pit shaft is too thin and is unable to simulation pump and notes proppant
Fracturing process.In addition, 20~80MPa of pressure limit needed for rock sample rupture, it is desirable that mating fracturing pump is higher to be capable of providing
The high precision apparatus of pressure reduces fracturing pump service life, so not because of the working-blade or piston of proppant particles pump easy to wear
It is suitble to pumping proppant material (pressure break is quartz sand or haydite particles that grain size is 0.1~1.5mm with proppant material).
Currently, due to sealing technique problem and high-pressure pump problem easy to wear between pit shaft and rock sample, true triaxial is resulted in
Pressure break laboratory experiment success rate is low, and cannot achieve rock sample internal fissure crack initiation/extension and pressure break takes sand process while simulates.
Invention content
In order to solve the above problem of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of true triaxial pressure break mould that simulation proppant is laid
Quasi- device and its working method.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of true triaxial fracture simulation device that simulation proppant is laid, it is characterised in that be connected in turn by Trunk Line
Fracturing fluid agitator tank, fracturing pump, proppant agitator tank, crack extended simulation component, wherein the proppant agitator tank is parallel with
The bye-pass of controllable connection and cut-out；
Include blender inside the fracturing fluid agitator tank, fracturing fluid feed inlet, side bottom setting discharging is arranged in top
Mouth is connected into Trunk Line；
Include blender inside the proppant agitator tank, the fracturing fluid feed inlet being connected with Trunk Line is respectively set in side
With mulling liquid discharge port, preferred fracturing fluid gating location is higher than mulling liquid discharge port；
The crack extended simulation component periphery is fracture simulation container, and inside has fracture simulation rock sample, fracture simulation
The pit shaft communicated with Trunk Line across the upper cover of fracture simulation container, the pit shaft and the fracture simulation are installed inside rock sample
Preforation tunnel is distributed in rock sample contact surface, and the direction of fracture simulation rock sample front, back, left, right, up five is connected separately with thousand
Jin top；
It further include integrated control system.
The location of the fracturing fluid liquid level position in tank is observed in the internal face setting of the preferred fracturing fluid agitator tank in real time
Instrument；Thread seal can be used in the fracturing fluid feed inlet；The fracturing fluid agitator tank 1~80cm of diameter, 1~80cm of height；Its
The discharge port position of side setting is away from 0.1~30cm of tank bottom.
The preferred proppant agitator tank 1~80cm of diameter, 1~80cm of height；The mulling liquid discharge port position of its side
It sets apart from 0.1~30cm of proppant stirring pot bottom；Fracturing fluid gating location is 0.1 higher than the difference in height of mulling liquid discharge port
~50cm.
The preferred fracturing pump is plunger pump, lift 0.1~104kPa；The fracturing pump exit is installed by Electromagnetic Flow
Meter.
The junction of the preferred by-pass line and Trunk Line is provided with pole changer.
The raw material of the preferred fracture simulation rock sample include fiber, the 0.1~10cm of fibre length, fiber content
It is 1~60%.
The preferred pit shaft has threaded metal pit shaft for surface, and pit shaft cross section is round or axial with distortion
Ellipse, axial twist angle be 0~360 °；Sealing cover is arranged in pit shaft end；The circular cross section wellbore radius 1~
150mm；The oval cross section pit shaft 1~75mm of short radius, long axis and short axle ratio 1~2；The major diameter of well bore face screw thread
0.1~5cm of difference of D and path d, 0.1~15cm of thread pitch；The pit shaft quantity 1~5, pit shaft type are vertical well
Cylinder and/or horizontal wellbore, 5~400cm of pit shaft length.
The preferred well bore face is uniformly or sub-clustering is distributed preforation tunnel, 1~20mm of eye diameter, and eyelet phase 0~
180 °, 8~96/m of perforation density, come adjustment holes quantity by way of nut seal.
The power switch of the preferred integrated control system control fracturing pump, electric blender, jack device；It is described
The frequency regulation button, the pressure adjustment button of jack, row of fracturing pump are set on the system control panel of integrated control system
Measure display and pressure display unit.
The aforementioned working method for stating simulator, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(1) wellbore apparatus is assembled, end seal lid is installed, determines perforation density；Preferably use the extra hole of nut seal
Eye, while crossover sub being installed at the top of pit shaft；
(2) prepare to include the raw material needed for the rock sample making of fiber and cement and/or concrete and/or coal petrography, with
Pit shaft consolidates together makes reservoir simulation rock sample, dries state needed for rock sample to experiment；
(3) installation rock sample and pit shaft be to the inside of fracture simulation container, and it is fixed it is very heavy peak at rock sample front, rear, left and right,
Upper 5 wall surfaces；
(4) preparation experiment fracturing fluid system prepares pressure break proppant material；
(5) arrange that laboratory, mobile experimental facilities connect all experiment pipelines of the equipment to suitable position, and
Check the leakproofness of pipeline；
(6) fracturing fluid material is poured into fracturing fluid agitator tank, liquid volume is made to account for the 80~90% of tank volume；By proppant
Material is packed into proppant agitator tank, and proppant volume is made to account for the 3~25% of tank volume；
(7) start jack device, around setting with the confining pressure size of upper and lower directions；
(8) connection for cutting off Trunk Line and proppant agitator tank, is connected to by-pass line, starts fracturing fluid electric blender；
(9) start fracturing pump and adjust frequency to required discharge capacity, fracturing fluid is pumped into pit shaft through fracturing pump, is suppressed inside rock sample
Playing high pressure makes rock sample fracturing；
(10) observe integrated control display interface rock sample pressure history, according to curve judge rock sample whether fracturing；
(11) after rock sample pressure break, start proppant electric blender；
(12) it is connected to proppant agitator tank, closes by-pass line, fracturing fluid enters proppant agitator tank, with mixed with proppants shape
After mulling liquid, converted connector flows into pit shaft, into the man-made fracture in rock sample；
(13) step (8~12), the practical fracturing process in simulation scene are repeated；
(14) experiment terminates, and closes fracturing pump, electric blender, unloading jack pressure；
(15) it preserves experimental data and copies, close integrated control system；
(16) simulation rock sample is taken out, fracturing fracture expanded configuration is observed, laying rule of the analysis proppant in crack is whole
Laboratory apparatus and material are managed, laboratory is swept in cleaning.
The effect of the present invention is as follows：
(1) by-pass line that the present invention increases individual proppant adding set and can be controlled by pole changer, can be with
Control the connection and cut-out of Trunk Line and proppant agitator tank；When Trunk Line is connected to proppant agitator tank, fracturing fluid flows into
After the proppant agitator tank forms load fluid with mixed with proppants, it is pumped to pit shaft together, flows into the people formed inside rock sample
Work crack；Conversely, fracturing fluid, which is individually pumped into pit shaft, presses off crack.It can realize during true triaxial fracturing experiments and be split inside rock sample
It is simulated while seam crack initiation/extension takes sand process with pressure break, proppant is laid, and the pressure break that can simulate Proppant Slugs is applied
Work process.
(2) experimental provision of the invention (has been modified to certain rotation by improving wellbore shape by smooth cylinder pit shaft
The screw thread elliptic cylindrical of angle) and fibrous material is added in rock sample, the sealing of pit shaft and rock sample interface can be effectively improved
Intensity improves the success rate of true triaxial pressure break laboratory experiment.It is viscous between metal bar and concrete according to classical anchorage theory
It includes four classes to tie power mainly, and the metal bar stress with different surfaces feature is different, smooth metal stick by chemical bond power with rub
Wipe power, threaded metal stick is because surface irregularity and concrete generate snap-in force, and cold rolled reinforcing bar is in addition to above-mentioned 3 kinds of power, because of table
Face protrusion, distortion or cross-sectional geometry change and generate mechanical anchoring force, therefore cold-rolled steel can significantly increase and concrete
Adhesion strength；In addition, the fiber of dispersion is randomly uniformly mixed cement or concrete using modes such as machinery, air pressure or hydraulic pressure
In, fiber is in net distribution in mixture, and the drawing that effectively can bear to generate because xial feed acts on inside test specimen is answered
Power and the lateral deformation for preventing structure, to improve the sealing effect between metal bar and concrete.
(3) experimental provision of the invention is, it can be achieved that facility switching, parameter regulation, data are shown and the integrated control of data processing
System improves experimental implementation safety.
(4) experimental provision of the invention can be real by installing the pit shaft of different type (horizontal or vertical), different number
Existing " well factory " fracturing technology simulation is better understood from laying migration of the proppant in fracturing fracture (especially complicated seam net)
Rule has important directive significance to the optimization design of live pressing crack construction scheme.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of equipment of the present invention；
Each label lists as follows in figure：
1 fracturing fluid agitator tank；2 electric blender；3 location meters；4 fracturing fluid feed inlets；5 fracturing pumps；6 electromagnetic flowmeters；7
Proppant agitator tank；8 proppant feed inlets；9 Trunk Lines；10 pole changers；11 by-pass lines；12 crossover subs；13 fracture simulations
Container；14 fracture simulation rock samples；15 jack；16 pit shafts；17 sealing nuts；18 universal wheels；19 integrated control systems.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiment and Figure of description.
Embodiment 1
The true triaxial fracture simulation device that a kind of simulation proppant of the present embodiment is laid, as shown in Figure 1, passing through Trunk Line
9 are connected with fracturing fluid agitator tank 1, fracturing pump 5, proppant agitator tank 7, crack extended simulation component in turn, wherein the support
Agent agitator tank is parallel with bye-pass, is pole changer 10 at parallel interface；The top of the fracturing fluid agitator tank 1 setting fracturing fluid into
Material mouth 4, side bottom setting discharge port are connected into Trunk Line 9；7 inside of the proppant agitator tank includes blender 2, axial sides
The fracturing fluid feed inlet being connected with Trunk Line and mulling liquid discharge port is respectively set, and fracturing fluid gating location is higher than mulling liquid
Discharge port, top have proppant feed inlet 8；The crack extended simulation component periphery is fracture simulation container 13, inside tool
There is fracture simulation rock sample 14, the upper cover being equipped with inside fracture simulation rock sample 14 across fracture simulation container is communicated with Trunk Line 9
Pit shaft 16, preforation tunnel, the fracture simulation rock is distributed in the pit shaft 16 and 14 contact surface of fracture simulation rock sample
Sample 14 front, back, left, right, up five direction is connected separately with jack 15；It further include integrated control system 19.
16 surface of pit shaft is distributed screw thread, and wellbore section is ellipse, is axially applying 120 ° of torsion resistances, is making its increasing
Add cementing strength.
It, can be effective with improvement 16 shape of pit shaft by increasing individual proppant adding set 7 and pipeline pole changer 10
Ground improves the sealing intensity of pit shaft and rock sample interface, while realizing that sand process is taken in rock sample internal fissure crack initiation/extension and pressure break
Simulation and the purpose for improving true triaxial pressure break laboratory experiment success rate.
The fracturing fluid agitator tank 1 installs electric blender 2 with 7 inside center of proppant agitator tank, is set close to internal face
Set the fracturing fluid liquid level position in the real-time observation tank of direction finder 3；According to the present embodiment, institute is preferred, fracturing fluid agitator tank 1 and branch
Support the diameter 40cm, height 60cm of agent agitator tank 7；The discharge port position of its side setting is away from tank bottom 10cm, proppant agitator tank
The fracturing fluid gating location of side is higher than mulling liquid discharge port, difference in height 10cm.
The fracturing pump 5 is high precision piston pump, lift 0.1~104Electromagnetic flowmeter 6 is installed in kPa, exit；It is described
It is provided with pipeline pole changer 10 between fracturing pump 5 and proppant agitator tank 7 and is responsible for proppant agitator tank 7 with controlling by-pass line
The connection and cut-out of line；When Trunk Line 9 is connected to proppant agitator tank 7, fracturing fluid flows into proppant agitator tank 7 and proppant
After being mixed to form mulling liquid, it is pumped into pit shaft 16, flows into the man-made fracture formed inside rock sample；Conversely, fracturing fluid is individually pumped into well
Cylinder presses off crack.
The fracture simulation container 13 is cuboid container, and babinet is connect with upper cover using nut 17, the nut quantity
It is 4-8, preferably 6；The fracture simulation container length 200cm, width 100cm, height 200cm；Container bottom installs 4
Universal wheel 18 facilitates the movement and transport of equipment.
14 shape of fracture simulation rock sample is cuboid, length 80cm, width range 60cm, height 80cm；It is installed on
The inside of fracture simulation container 13, the direction of front, back, left, right, up five are separately connected 15 device of jack, utilize jack
Device for reservoir provides confining pressure to simulate subsurface reservoir stress, nonessential identical as the confining pressure of upper and lower directions around.
The fracture simulation rock sample can be by concrete, portland-type cement, aluminate class cement, gravel, sandstone, coal petrography etc. material
One or more material mating fibers be made, simulate the reservoir of different lithology or heterogeneous different kinds of rocks respectively.
Wellbore apparatus is installed in 14 inside of the fracture simulation rock sample, and the pit shaft is metal threaded pit shaft 16, axial twist
Angle is 0~360 °；The pit shaft cross section is ellipse, and sealing cover is arranged to adjust the flow of preforation tunnel in pit shaft end.
According to the present embodiment, institute is preferred, the difference 3cm of the major diameter D and path d of 16 thread surface of the pit shaft, screw thread spiral shell
Away from 10cm；The pit shaft cross section short radius 50mm, long axis and short axle ratio 1.5；The pit shaft quantity 1, pit shaft type are
Vertical bore, pit shaft length 200cm.
According to the present embodiment, institute is preferred, and 16 surface of the pit shaft is uniformly distributed preforation tunnel, eye diameter 5mm, eyelet
0~180 ° of phase, 20/m of perforation density, and can be by way of nut seal come adjustment holes quantity.
Crossover sub 12 is installed, one end cross section that the crossover sub 12 is connected with pit shaft is at the top of the wellbore apparatus
Ellipse is used with pit shaft and is threadedly coupled；One end cross section that the crossover sub is connected with Trunk Line is circle, is adopted with pipeline
It is threadedly coupled；
The power switch of the control of the integrated control system 19 fracturing pump 5, electric blender 2, jack device 15；It is described
Frequency regulation button, discharge capacity display and the variation of rock sample internal pressure that fracturing pump is arranged on integrated control system control panel are aobvious
Show device；The pressure adjustment button and pressure display unit of jack are set on the integrated control system control panel.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is the working method of above equipment, including steps are as follows：
(1) wellbore apparatus 16 is assembled, end seal lid is installed, determines perforation density ,if needed is more using nut seal
Remaining eyelet, while crossover sub 12 being installed at the top of pit shaft；
(2) prepare the rock samples such as cement, concrete, coal petrography, fiber and make required raw material, making is consolidated together with pit shaft
The reservoir simulation rock sample 14 of certain size dries state needed for rock sample to experiment；
(3) installation rock sample 14 and pit shaft 16 be to the inside of fracture simulation container 13, and fixed jack 15 before rock sample,
Afterwards, left and right, upper 5 wall surfaces；
(4) preparation experiment fracturing fluid system prepares pressure break proppant material；
(5) arrange that laboratory, mobile experimental facilities connect all experiment pipelines 9 of the equipment to suitable position, and
Check the leakproofness of pipeline；
(6) fracturing fluid material is poured into fracturing fluid agitator tank 1, liquid volume is made to account for the 80~90% of tank volume；It will support
Agent material is packed into proppant agitator tank 7, and proppant volume is made to account for the 3~25% of tank volume；
(7) start jack device 15, around setting with the confining pressure size of upper and lower directions；
(8) rotation pipeline pole changer 10, cuts off the connection of Trunk Line and proppant agitator tank, starts fracturing fluid electric mixing
Mix machine 2；
(9) start fracturing pump 5 and adjust frequency to required discharge capacity, start electromagnetic flowmeter 6, fracturing fluid is pumped through fracturing pump and noted
High pressure has been suppressed inside rock sample into pit shaft 16 makes rock sample fracturing；
(10) the rock sample pressure history for observing 19 display interface of integrated control, judges whether rock sample causes according to curve
It splits；
(11) after rock sample pressure break, start proppant electric blender 2；
(12) rotation pipeline pole changer 10, connecting pipeline and proppant agitator tank, fracturing fluid enter proppant agitator tank,
After forming mulling liquid with mixed with proppants, converted connector 12 flows into pit shaft 16, into the man-made fracture in rock sample；
(13) step (8~12), the practical fracturing process in simulation scene are repeated；
(14) experiment terminates, and closes fracturing pump 5, electric blender 2, unloading 15 pressure of jack successively；
(15) it preserves experimental data and copies, close integrated control system 19；
(16) simulation rock sample is taken out, fracturing fracture expanded configuration is observed, laying rule of the analysis proppant in crack is whole
Laboratory apparatus and material are managed, laboratory is swept in cleaning.
It is merely illustrative about size, material etc. in above example, however it is not limited to this.It can be further in following ranges
Further preferably, the effect of the present invention can be achieved：Fracturing fluid agitator tank 30~80cm of diameter, 30~80cm of height；Its side
The discharge port position of setting is away from 0.1~30cm of tank bottom；The preferred proppant agitator tank 30~80cm of diameter, height 30~
80cm；The mulling liquid discharge port position of its side is apart from 0.1~30cm of proppant stirring pot bottom；Fracturing fluid gating location is high
In mulling liquid discharge port difference in height be 5~50cm；Selected crack extension container, 30~300cm of three-dimensional dimension；It is used
Crack extended simulation rock sample, 5~100cm of three-dimensional dimension；Wellbore apparatus used is metal threaded pit shaft, axial twist angle
It is 0~360 °；Pit shaft cross section 1~75mm of short radius, long axis and short axle ratio 1~2；Well bore face sub-clustering or uniform perforation,
1~20mm of eye diameter, 16~48/m of perforation density, 0~90 ° of eyelet phase；The pit shaft quantity 1~5, pit shaft type
For vertical bore or horizontal wellbore, 5~400cm of pit shaft length；20~100 mesh of proppant grain size used；Fracturing fluid is using activity
Water fracturing fluid etc..
Claims (10)
1. a kind of true triaxial fracture simulation device that simulation proppant is laid, it is characterised in that be connected with pressure in turn by Trunk Line
Liquid agitator tank, fracturing pump, proppant agitator tank, crack extended simulation component are split, wherein be parallel with can for the proppant agitator tank
The bye-pass of control connection and cut-out；
Include blender inside the fracturing fluid agitator tank, fracturing fluid feed inlet is arranged in top, and side bottom is arranged discharge port and connects
Enter Trunk Line；
Include blender inside the proppant agitator tank, side is respectively set the fracturing fluid feed inlet being connected with Trunk Line and mixes
Sand liquid discharge port；
The crack extended simulation component periphery is fracture simulation container, and inside has fracture simulation rock sample, fracture simulation rock sample
Inside is equipped with the pit shaft communicated with Trunk Line across the upper cover of fracture simulation container, the pit shaft and the fracture simulation rock sample
Preforation tunnel is distributed in contact surface, and the direction of fracture simulation rock sample front, back, left, right, up five is connected separately with very heavy
Top；
It further include integrated control system.
2. simulator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the internal face setting of the fracturing fluid agitator tank is real-time
Observe the direction finder of the fracturing fluid liquid level position in tank；The fracturing fluid agitator tank 1~80cm of diameter, 1~80cm of height；Its side
The discharge port position of face setting is away from 0.1~30cm of tank bottom.
3. simulator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the proppant agitator tank 1~80cm of diameter, height 1
~80cm；The mulling liquid discharge port position of its side is apart from 0.1~30cm of proppant stirring pot bottom；Fracturing fluid gating location
Difference in height higher than mulling liquid discharge port is 0.1~50cm.
4. simulator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fracturing pump be plunger pump, lift 0.1~
104kPa；The fracturing pump exit is installed by electromagnetic flowmeter.
5. simulator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the junction of the by-pass line and Trunk Line is provided with
Pole changer.
6. simulator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the raw material of the fracture simulation rock sample include fiber,
0.1~the 10cm of fibre length, fiber content 1~60%.
7. simulator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pit shaft is that surface has threaded metal pit shaft,
Pit shaft cross section is the round or axial ellipse with distortion, and axial twist angle is 0~360 °；The setting sealing of pit shaft end
Lid；1~150mm of the circular cross section wellbore radius；The oval cross section pit shaft 1~75mm of short radius, long axis with it is short
Axis ratio 1~2；0.1~the 5cm of difference, 0.1~15cm of thread pitch of the major diameter D and path d of well bore face screw thread；The well
Cylinder quantity 1~5, pit shaft type are vertical bore and/or horizontal wellbore, 5~400cm of pit shaft length.
8. simulator according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the well bore face is uniformly or sub-clustering is distributed Perforation
Eye, 1~20mm of eye diameter, 0~180 ° of eyelet phase, 8~96/m of perforation density are adjusted by way of nut seal
Eyelet quantity.
9. simulator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the integrated control system control fracturing pump, electric mixing
Mix the power switch of machine, jack device；The frequency tune of fracturing pump is set on the system control panel of the integrated control system
Save button, the pressure adjustment button of jack, discharge capacity display and pressure display unit.
10. according to the working method of simulator described in claim 1-9 any one, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(1) wellbore apparatus is assembled, end seal lid is installed, determines perforation density；
(2) prepare to include the raw material needed for the rock sample making of fiber, consolidation makes reservoir simulation rock sample together with pit shaft, dries
State needed for rock sample to experiment；
(3) installation rock sample and pit shaft be to the inside of fracture simulation container, and fixed very heavy peaks at rock sample front, back, left, right, up 5
Wall surface；
(4) preparation experiment fracturing fluid system prepares pressure break proppant material；
(5) arrange that laboratory, mobile experimental facilities connect all experiment pipelines of the equipment, and check to suitable position
The leakproofness of pipeline；
(6) fracturing fluid material is poured into fracturing fluid agitator tank, liquid volume is made to account for the 80~90% of tank volume；By proppant material
It is packed into proppant agitator tank, proppant volume is made to account for the 3~25% of tank volume；
(7) start jack device, around setting with the confining pressure size of upper and lower directions；
(8) connection for cutting off Trunk Line and proppant agitator tank, is connected to by-pass line, starts fracturing fluid electric blender；
(9) start fracturing pump and adjust frequency to required discharge capacity, fracturing fluid is pumped into pit shaft through fracturing pump, and height has been suppressed inside rock sample
Pressure makes rock sample fracturing；
(10) observe integrated control display interface rock sample pressure history, according to curve judge rock sample whether fracturing；
(11) after rock sample pressure break, start proppant electric blender；
(12) it is connected to proppant agitator tank, closes by-pass line, fracturing fluid enters proppant agitator tank, formed with mixed with proppants mixed
After sand liquid, converted connector flows into pit shaft, into the man-made fracture in rock sample；
(13) step (8~12), the practical fracturing process in simulation scene are repeated；
(14) experiment terminates, and closes fracturing pump, electric blender, unloading jack pressure；
(15) it preserves experimental data and copies, close integrated control system；
(16) simulation rock sample is taken out, fracturing fracture expanded configuration is observed, laying rule of the analysis proppant in crack arranges real
Instrument and material are tested, laboratory is swept in cleaning.
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