CN108675892B - Nutrient bag matrix for planting dragon fruits in shoals and frugal-saving and efficiency-improving method - Google Patents
Nutrient bag matrix for planting dragon fruits in shoals and frugal-saving and efficiency-improving method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nutrition package matrix for planting dragon fruits on shoals and a frugal production increasing method. On the basis of halving the usage amount of fertilizer and pesticide, a small amount of soil water-retaining agent is added and mixed to prepare the fertilizer and pesticide, agricultural non-woven fabrics are used for wrapping the fertilizer and pesticide into a nutrition bag, and after ditching application and soil covering, halving the drip irrigation times. The nutrient bag substrate and water are coupled and stored in the nutrient bag and are not washed away by rainfall, irrigation and the like to run off, the pitaya rooting nutrient bag grows and draws, and the problems of low utilization rate of the nutrient bag substrate for irrigation, fertilization, root-knot nematode prevention and control and the like of the pitaya planted in the sea shoals are solved. The application of the invention can play the roles of increasing yield, saving water and fertilizer, reducing pesticide and increasing insect resistance, fusing root fertilizer and the like, and realizes the good effects of saving energy, protecting environment and improving cultivation yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a nutrition bag matrix for planting dragon fruits in shoals and a frugal and synergistic method.
Background
The sea shoal is mainly characterized in that the sea tide continuously transports sediment to be accumulated on the shore, so that the coast is extended to result, the width is generally several kilometers, the widest can reach more than 10 kilometers, the sea shoal is an important reserve land resource in the coastal sea area, and the sea shoal can be directly or after being improved, used for developing the planting of garden crops such as vegetables, fruit trees and the like. In recent years, coastal fruit growers in south China utilize coastal soil containing higher proportion of sand grains and lower proportion of clay grains, have the advantages of flat land, looseness, good tiltability and permeability and the like, have the characteristics consistent with growth habits of aerobic root systems, drought resistance, moisture preference, water intolerance, loose soil preference and the like of the dragon fruits, develop the production of the planted dragon fruits, and achieve the effects of convenient management, quick growth and excellent fruit quality.
However, since the tidal bore soil has an excessively large sand content ratio, the tidal bore soil has the disadvantages of low soil fertility level, and high possibility of water and fertilizer leakage. The method for planting the dragon fruits by utilizing the shoals has the problems that the planting yield of the dragon fruits is low and is only about six percent of the planting yield of conventional high-quality soil such as rice fields, and the root-knot nematode is seriously damaged. The main reason is that the water, fertilizer and pesticide applied according to the technical requirements are greatly lost along with rainfall, irrigation and the like, and cannot be effectively stored in soil and continuously supplied to the dragon fruits for growth and fruit bearing, and the root-knot nematodes can be efficiently prevented and controlled, so that especially in the peak period of water and fertilizer demand and insufficient water and fertilizer supply of flowering and fruit bearing, flower buds fall off and the fruit yield is reduced.
The pitaya is a shallow root plant, and due to the fact that the pitaya bears fruits for many times a year, the flowering and fruiting time is long, the growth amount is large, a large amount of fertilizer needs to be applied every year in production, and particularly the requirements on the flowering and fruit setting period and the supply amount of soil fertilizer and water are larger. However, the seashore soil has too large sand content ratio, has water leakage, fertilizer leakage, easy induction of root-knot nematode and other defect habits, and is not beneficial to the yield formation of the dragon fruit planting. In order to solve the problem of excessive loss of fertilization, irrigation and pesticide application of coastal soil for preventing nematodes and the like, a frugal-enhancing method for a nutrition package matrix for planting dragon fruits in coastal waters is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nutrition bag matrix for planting pitaya in shoal.
The invention further aims to provide a frugal and synergistic method for planting pitaya in shoal by using the nutrition bag matrix.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a nutrition bag matrix for planting pitaya in shoals is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 62-155 parts of water-retaining gel, 30-45 parts of calcium superphosphate, 40-60 parts of peanut bran, 1.6-2.4 parts of 3% chlorpyrifos granules, 800-1200 parts of broken plant residues and 400-600 parts of decomposed chicken manure.
And further 93-108.5 parts of water-retaining gel.
Furthermore, the water-retaining gel is formed by mixing a soil water-retaining agent and water with the mass of 28-32 times of that of the soil water-retaining agent and absorbing water.
Further, the soil water-retaining agent is super absorbent resin.
Further, the super absorbent resin is selected from at least one of starch super absorbent resin, cellulose super absorbent resin and synthetic resin super absorbent resin.
Furthermore, the water absorption capacity of the super absorbent resin is 300-500 times.
Further, the plant residues are selected from at least one of mushroom sawdust, rice husk, sawdust, coconut husk and peat.
Further, the plant residue has a diameter of 1.2cm or less.
The application of the nutrient bag substrate in planting dragon fruits in the coastal soil.
A frugal and synergistic planting method for planting dragon fruits in shoals comprises the following steps:
1) planting dragon fruit seedlings in double rows on the coastal planting beds, building a double-T-shaped long shed frame with the height of about 80-100 cm, planting the seedlings, covering with coastal soil and compacting the seedlings;
2) after 18-30 months, entering a fruiting period, and packaging any one of the nutrition bag substrates with non-woven fabrics to obtain a nutrition bag; digging strip fertilizing ditches outside the planting furrows and burying the nutrition bags;
3) a drip irrigation tape is laid on the fertilizing ditch for irrigation; nutrition package matrix and moisture can the coupling be stored in nutrition package, and the dragon fruit root system can prick the root nutrition package and draw the nutrition.
Furthermore, the interval between the dragon fruit seedlings is 80-100 cm.
Further, the application amount of the soil water-retaining agent is 3.0-3.5 kg/667 m2。
Furthermore, the texture of the non-woven fabric is 40-60 g/m2。
Furthermore, the application amount of the nutrition package is that 1 nutrition package is applied to 2 pitaya plants, and each nutrition package is 8-11 kg in weight.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the yield is increased by more than 50 percent: under the condition of the prior art, the yield of the dragon fruits planted in the tidal marsh is only 6 to 7 of the yield of the dragon fruits planted in the rice field, and after the technical condition of the invention is adopted, the flower bud falling phenomenon of the dragon fruits planted in the tidal marsh in the prior art is eliminated, and the fruit yield per unit area is increased by more than 50 percent compared with the fruit yield in the prior art and is equivalent to the yield of the dragon fruits planted in the soil of the rice field.
2. Water and fertilizer saving is more than 50 percent: coastal soil has poor habits of water leakage and fertilizer leakage. The non-woven fabric is adopted to wrap the fertilizer, so that the problem of fertilizer loss caused by rainfall or irrigation is solved; the soil water-retaining agent added into the nutrition package enables a 'micro reservoir' to be formed in the nutrition package during rainfall or irrigation, and the whole nutrition package can be in a wet state for a long time. Therefore, the water and fertilizer requirements of the dragon fruits in different growth and development periods are ensured.
3. The effects of reducing drug and increasing pest control are good: the chlorpyrifos granules are added into the nutrition bag wrapped by the non-woven fabric, so that the loss of effective components in rainfall or irrigation is avoided, and under the condition that the application dosage is reduced by 50%, the crown chlorosis of plants caused by the damage of root-knot nematodes is not found, the crown chlorosis of the plants is obviously better than that of partial plants in the prior art and the crown chlorosis caused by the damage of the root-knot nematodes, and the root-knot nematodes are effectively prevented and treated.
4. Root fertilizer fusion: by adopting the nutrient bag matrix nutrient bag method, the absorption root system of the pitaya is more developed, and the absorption root is fully grown in the nutrient bag, so that the root fertilizer is highly fused or efficiently butted, and the root system can absorb the nutrient bag matrix very conveniently and efficiently.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the nutrient bag matrix for planting dragon fruits on shoals for reducing and increasing efficiency.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated, but not limited to, by the following examples in connection with fig. 1.
Example 1
A method for reducing and improving the efficiency of a nutrition bag matrix for planting dragon fruits on shoals is adopted (see figure 1). The implementation place is as follows: shantou Fengle agricultural science and technology Limited, 4 years life and harvest period dragon fruit orchard, shoal soil, each 667 m2Planting 330 plants, fertilizer and pesticide dosage and drip irrigationThe number of times is half of the prior art.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) planting dragon fruit seedlings in double rows on the coastal planting bed, setting up a double-T-shaped long shed frame with the plant spacing of 80cm, covering with coastal soil and compacting the seedlings;
(2) after the seedlings grow for 18-30 months and enter a fruiting period, respectively implementing 1 nutrition bag for 1 month and 7 months every year; the specific operation is as follows: digging strip fertilizing ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm at the outer sides of the dragon fruit planting furrows, burying nutrition bags at the positions of 30-35 cm, leveling and compacting, piercing 6-8 small water inlet holes on the upward surface of each nutrition bag, applying 1 nutrition bag (about 10 kg per bag) per 2 plants, and covering the coastal soil;
(3) laying a drip irrigation tape along the surface of the fertilizing ditch, arranging drip irrigation openings every 30 centimeters, and irrigating in a drip irrigation mode according to the requirement of the growth result of the dragon fruit plants, wherein drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time every 2 days in dry weather, each drip irrigation time is about 20 minutes, and drip irrigation is avoided in humid weather or rainy days;
(4) the nutrient bag substrate and the water are coupled and stored in the nutrient bag, and the root system of the dragon fruit is inserted into the nutrient bag to grow and absorb the nutrition.
The preparation method of the nutrition package comprises the following steps:
per 667 m2Preparing application amount: 165 nonwoven bags of 35cm multiplied by 65cm, 3kg of soil water-retaining agent, 1000 kg of plant residue, 500 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 37.5 kg of calcium superphosphate, 50kg of peanut bran and 2 kg of 3% chlorpyrifos granules;
adding 3kg of soil water-retaining agent into 30 times of water (the water-retaining agent is purchased from 2101XL water-retaining agent of New technology Limited of Beijing Hanli vast), absorbing water for 20 minutes to form 93 kg of water-retaining gel;
mixing and stirring 37.5 kg of calcium superphosphate, 50kg of peanut bran and 2 kg of 3% chlorpyrifos granules uniformly to form 89.5 kg of fertilizer-drug mixture;
spreading the plant residues on the ground, adding decomposed chicken manure, the fertilizer-drug mixture and the water-retaining gel, and turning and uniformly stirring to form a nutrition bag matrix; the nutrition bag matrix is packaged by a non-woven bag, and each bag contains about 10 kg of the nutrition bag matrix.
As a result: during the period of execution, fireThe dragon fruit plants grow strongly, and the crown of the plants damaged by root-knot nematodes is not found to be yellow; no flower bud falling phenomenon caused by insufficient supply of fertilizer and water is found, 5 loquat fruits are harvested all the year round, and the annual yield is 4048 kg/667 m2(ii) a Investigating the fresh root weight in 12 ten days, wherein the nutrition bag is full of absorbed roots, and the root system weight of the single plant with the average diameter of less than 2 mm is 580.6 g.
The plant residue in the experiment is sawdust, the branches are broken, the diameter is less than 1.2cm, the plant residue is mushroom sawdust purchased in the market, and other plant residues can be used for replacing the sawdust, such as rice husk, sawdust, coconut husk, peat and the like.
The non-woven fabric bag in the experiment can be made of agricultural non-woven fabric, and the texture is 40-60 g/m2One is the characteristic of good air permeability, which ensures that the dragon fruit absorbs the root system and easily pricks into the nutrition bag, and grows well, and realizes the developed root system and sufficient nutrition absorption; secondly, the characteristic of weak water permeability ensures the storage of the nutrient bag matrix in the bag and is not easy to lose; and thirdly, the natural degradation characteristic ensures that the technology can not leave residues or generate adverse effects after being implemented, and the technology has low cost and convenient purchase. The bagging strength test shows that the texture is 40g/m2The strength of the agricultural non-woven fabric can ensure the requirements of packaging, moving and burying the nutrition bag, and the nutrition bag is not loose. The test of the pitaya root-pricking nutrition bag shows that the texture of the agricultural non-woven fabric is 60g/m2The root system of the dragon fruit can be easily inserted into the nutrition bag and can grow and reach the nutrition bag without being influenced by the nutrition bag manufactured below. Therefore, the texture used in this study was 50 g/m2The agricultural nonwoven fabric of (1).
The soil water-retaining agent in the experiment is a functional super absorbent resin, which is a 2101XL water-retaining agent of Beijing Hanli vast New technology Limited. The super absorbent resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of starch super absorbent resins, cellulose super absorbent resins, and synthetic resin super absorbent resins. The soil water-retaining agent adopted in the research is tested by tap water, and the water absorption multiple is 300-420 times. Test on influence of different application amounts of the soil water-retaining agent on the retention time of the wet state in the nutrition bag shows that each 667 m2Applying 4.0 kg and 3.5kg of soil water-retaining agent3.0 kg, 2.5 kg, 2.0 kg; taking non-application as a control, after 30 days of application, a large number of pitaya root systems are inserted into the nutrition bag, the soil moisture recorder is used for measuring, the nutrition bag is kept in a wet state after irrigation and is correspondingly 53 h, 52 h, 50 h, 46 h, 40 h and 26 h, test data are analyzed through statistical software SPSS21.0, variance analysis is carried out by a Duncan's new repolarization method, the significance of the difference is tested, and the result shows that each 667 m2The soil water-retaining agent is applied by 3.5kg or 3.0 kg, the comprehensive effect is best, and the difference between the two treatments is not obvious. Therefore, the application amount of the soil water-retaining agent in this study was 3 kg/667 m2。
Example 2
The implementation place is as follows: shantou Fengle agricultural science and technology Limited, 4 years life and harvest period dragon fruit orchard, shoal soil, each 667 m2330 plants are planted, the dosage of fertilizer and pesticide is 60 percent of the prior art, and the drip irrigation frequency is half of the prior art.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) planting dragon fruit seedlings in double rows on the coastal planting bed, setting the spacing between the seedlings at 100cm, building a double-T-shaped long shed frame with the height of about 100cm, covering with coastal soil and compacting the seedlings;
(2) after the seedlings grow for 18-30 months and enter a fruiting period, respectively implementing 1 nutrition bag for 1 month and 7 months every year, and specifically operating as follows: digging strip fertilizing ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm at the outer sides of the dragon fruit planting furrows, burying nutrition bags at the positions of 30-35 cm, laying flat and compacting, piercing 6-8 small water inlet holes on the upward surface of each nutrition bag, applying 1 nutrition bag (about 11kg per bag) per 2 plants, and covering the coastal soil;
(3) laying a drip irrigation tape along the surface of the fertilizing ditch, arranging drip irrigation openings every 30 centimeters, and irrigating in a drip irrigation mode according to the requirement of the growth result of the dragon fruit plants, wherein drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time every 2 days in dry weather, each drip irrigation time is about 20 minutes, and drip irrigation is avoided in humid weather or rainy days;
(4) the nutrient bag substrate and the water are coupled and stored in the nutrient bag, and the root system of the dragon fruit is inserted into the nutrient bag to grow and absorb the nutrition.
The preparation method of the nutrition package comprises the following steps:
per 667 m2Preparing application amount: 165 nonwoven bags of 35cm multiplied by 65cm, 3kg of soil water-retaining agent, 1200 kg of plant residues, 600 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 45 kg of calcium superphosphate, 60kg of peanut bran and 2.4 kg of 3% chlorpyrifos granules;
adding 3kg of soil water-retaining agent into 30 times of water, and absorbing water for 20 minutes to form 93 kg of water-retaining gel;
mixing 45 kg of calcium superphosphate, 60kg of peanut bran and 2.4 kg of 3% chlorpyrifos granules uniformly to form 107.4 kg of fertilizer and drug mixture;
spreading the plant residues on the ground, adding decomposed chicken manure, the fertilizer-drug mixture and the water-retaining gel, and turning and uniformly stirring to form a nutrition bag matrix; the nutrition bag matrix is packaged by a non-woven bag, and each bag contains about 11kg of the nutrition bag matrix.
As a result: during the implementation period, the dragon fruit plants grow strongly, and the crown of the plants damaged by root-knot nematodes is not found to be yellow; the bud falling phenomenon caused by insufficient supply of fertilizer and water is not found, the 5 loquat fruits are harvested all the year round, the annual output is 4176 kg/667 m2(ii) a Investigating the fresh root weight in 12 ten days, wherein the nutrition bag is full of absorbed roots, and the root system weight of the single plant with the average diameter of less than 2 mm is 593.2 g.
Example 3
The implementation place is as follows: shantou Fengle agricultural science and technology Limited, 4 years life and harvest period dragon fruit orchard, shoal soil, each 667 m2330 plants are planted, the dosage of fertilizer and pesticide is 40% of the prior art, and the drip irrigation frequency is half of the prior art.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) planting dragon fruit seedlings in double rows on the coastal planting bed, setting up a double-T-shaped long shed frame with the plant spacing of 90cm, covering with coastal soil and compacting the seedlings;
(2) after the seedlings grow for 18-30 months and enter a fruiting period, respectively implementing 1 nutrition bag for 1 month and 7 months every year, and specifically operating as follows: digging strip fertilizing ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm at the outer sides of the dragon fruit planting furrows, burying nutrition bags in the ditches with the depth of 30-35 cm, laying flat and compacting, puncturing 6-8 small water inlet holes on the upward surface of each nutrition bag, applying 1 nutrition bag (about 8 kg per bag) for each 2 plants, and covering the coastal soil;
(3) laying a drip irrigation tape on the surface of the fertilizing ditch, arranging drip irrigation openings every 30 centimeters, and irrigating in a drip irrigation mode according to the growth result requirement of the dragon fruit plants, wherein drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time every 2 days in dry weather, each drip irrigation time is about 20 minutes, and drip irrigation is avoided in humid weather or rainy days;
(4) the nutrient bag substrate and the water are coupled and stored in the nutrient bag, and the root system of the dragon fruit is inserted into the nutrient bag to grow and absorb the nutrition.
The preparation method of the nutrition package comprises the following steps:
per 667 m2Preparing application amount: 165 nonwoven bags of 35cm multiplied by 65cm, 3kg of soil water-retaining agent, 800 kg of plant residue, 400 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 30kg of calcium superphosphate, 40kg of peanut bran and 1.6kg of 3% chlorpyrifos granules;
adding 3kg of soil water-retaining agent into 30 times of water, and absorbing water for 20 minutes to form 93 kg of water-retaining gel;
mixing and stirring 30kg of calcium superphosphate, 40kg of peanut bran and 1.6kg of 3% chlorpyrifos granules uniformly to form 71.6 kg of fertilizer-drug mixture;
spreading the plant residues on the ground, adding decomposed chicken manure, the fertilizer-drug mixture and the water-retaining gel, and turning and uniformly stirring to form a nutrition bag matrix; the nutrition bag matrix is packaged by a non-woven bag, and each bag contains about 8 kg of the nutrition bag matrix.
As a result: during the implementation, most of dragon fruit plants grow robustly, and the crown chlorosis phenomenon is found when 1.3 percent of the plants are damaged by root-knot nematodes; no flower bud falling phenomenon caused by insufficient supply of rich water is found, 5 loquat fruits are harvested all the year round, and the annual yield is 3424 kg/667 m2(ii) a Investigating the fresh root weight in ten days of 12 months, wherein the nutrition bag is full of absorbed roots, and the root system weight of the single plant with the average diameter of less than 2 mm is 541.4 g.
Example 4
The implementation place is as follows: shantou Fengle agricultural science and technology Limited, 4 years life and harvest period dragon fruit orchard, shoal soil, each 667 m2330 plants are planted, the dosage of fertilizer and pesticide is 60 percent of the prior art, and the drip irrigation frequency is half of the prior art.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) planting dragon fruit seedlings in double rows on the coastal planting bed, setting the spacing between the seedlings at 100cm, building a double-T-shaped long shed frame with the height of about 100cm, covering with coastal soil and compacting the seedlings;
(2) after the seedlings grow for 18-30 months and enter a fruiting period, respectively implementing 1 time every 1 month and 7 months, digging strip fertilizing ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm at the outer sides of the dragon fruit planting furrows, burying nutrition bags at the positions of 30-35 cm, laying flat and compacting, piercing 6-8 water inlet small holes on the upper surface of each nutrition bag, applying 1 nutrition bag (about 11kg per bag) per 2 plants, and covering the coastal soil;
(3) laying a drip irrigation tape along the surface of the fertilizing ditch, arranging drip irrigation openings every 30 centimeters, and irrigating in a drip irrigation mode according to the requirement of the growth result of the dragon fruit plants, wherein drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time every 2 days in dry weather, each drip irrigation time is about 20 minutes, and drip irrigation is avoided in humid weather or rainy days;
(4) the nutrient bag substrate and the water are coupled and stored in the nutrient bag, and the root system of the dragon fruit is inserted into the nutrient bag to grow and absorb the nutrition.
The preparation method of the nutrition package comprises the following steps:
per 667 m2Preparing application amount: 165 non-woven bags of 35cm multiplied by 65cm, 3.5kg of soil water-retaining agent, 1200 kg of plant residue, 600 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 45 kg of calcium superphosphate, 60kg of peanut bran and 2.4 kg of 3% chlorpyrifos granules;
adding 30 times of water into 3.5kg of soil water-retaining agent, and absorbing water for 20 minutes to form 108.5 kg of water-retaining gel;
mixing 45 kg of calcium superphosphate, 60kg of peanut bran and 2.4 kg of 3% chlorpyrifos granules uniformly to form 107.4 kg of fertilizer and drug mixture;
spreading the plant residues on the ground, adding decomposed chicken manure, the fertilizer-drug mixture and the water-retaining gel, and turning and uniformly stirring to form a nutrition bag matrix; the nutrition bag matrix is packaged by a non-woven bag, and each bag contains about 11kg of the nutrition bag matrix.
As a result: during the implementation period, the dragon fruit plants grow strongly, and the crown of the plants damaged by root-knot nematodes is not found to be yellow; no flower bud falling phenomenon caused by insufficient supply of fertilizer and water is found, 5 loquat fruits are harvested all the year round, and the annual yield is 4075 kg/667 m2(ii) a Investigation of fresh root weight in late 12 monthsThe nutrition bag is filled with absorbed roots, and the root system weight of an individual plant with the average diameter of less than 2 mm is 586.8 g.
Comparative example 1
The implementation place is as follows: shantou Fengle agricultural science and technology Limited, 4 years life and harvest period dragon fruit orchard, shoal soil, each 667 m2Planting 330 plants, wherein the dosage of fertilizer and pesticide is 100% of the application amount of the dragon fruit planted in the existing shoals.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) planting dragon fruit seedlings in double rows on the coastal planting bed, setting the spacing between the seedlings to be 80-100 cm, building a double-T-shaped long shed frame with the height of about 100cm, covering with coastal soil and compacting the seedlings;
(2) after the seedlings grow for 18-30 months and enter a fruiting period, respectively implementing 1 time of nutrient medium for 1 month and 7 months every year, digging strip fertilizing ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm at the two outer sides of the dragon fruit planting furrows, burying the nutrient medium at the positions of 30-35 cm, applying about 20 kg of nutrient medium to each 2 plants, and uniformly mixing the nutrient medium with soil and covering the soil;
(3) laying a drip irrigation tape along the surface of the fertilizing ditch, arranging drip irrigation openings every 30 centimeters, and irrigating in a drip irrigation mode according to the requirement of the growth result of the dragon fruit plants, wherein drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time every 2 days in dry weather, each drip irrigation time is about 20 minutes, and drip irrigation is avoided in humid weather or rainy days;
the preparation method of the nutrient medium comprises the following steps:
per 667 m2Preparing application amount: 2000 kg of plant residue fragments, 1000 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 75 kg of calcium superphosphate, 100 kg of peanut bran and 4 kg of 3% chlorpyrifos granules;
mixing and stirring calcium superphosphate, peanut bran and 3% chlorpyrifos granules uniformly to form a fertilizer-drug mixture;
spreading the plant residues on the ground, adding the decomposed chicken manure and the fertilizer-pesticide mixture, and turning and uniformly stirring to form a nutrient medium;
as a result: during the implementation, most of dragon fruit plants grow basically robustly, and the crown chlorosis phenomenon is found when 11.3% of the plants are damaged by root-knot nematodes; the bud falling phenomenon caused by insufficient supply of fertilizer and water is found in each batch, the average bud falling rate is 35.2 percent, and the bud falling rate is kept all the year roundHarvesting 5 loquat fruits, wherein the annual output is 2650kg/667 m2If the amount of the dragon fruits planted in the rice field is more than six; investigating fresh root weight in 12 Laetia, the area applied with the nutrient medium overgrows to absorb the root, and the root system weight of the plant with average diameter of less than 2 mm is 483.2 g.
Comparative example 2
Referring to the technical specification of red meat dragon fruit production (DB 44/T1326-. The implementation place is Shantou Jiangshan agricultural science and technology Limited company, the dragon fruit orchard in the 4-year-old high-yield period, the planting place is a paddy field, and each 667 m2Planting 330 plants, wherein the using amount of fertilizer and pesticide is 100% of the using amount of the prior art for planting dragon fruits on the shoals.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) planting dragon fruit seedlings in a single row of columns on the rice field planting bed, wherein the specification of the columns is 2 x 3m, 3 seedlings are planted on each column, the plant spacing is 30-40 cm, and the seedlings are covered and compressed by rice field soil;
(2) after the seedlings grow for 18-30 months and enter the fruiting period, implementing the nutrient medium for 1 time each in 1 month and 7 months every year, and specifically operating as follows: digging strip-shaped ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm between the dragon fruit planting columns, applying about 30kg of nutrient medium into each column, uniformly mixing the nutrient medium and soil, and covering the soil;
(3) and (3) laying drip irrigation belts along the upper part of the fertilizing ditch, arranging drip irrigation openings every 30 centimeters, and carrying out drip irrigation according to the growth result requirement of the dragon fruit plants for about 20 minutes each time.
The preparation method of the nutrient medium comprises the following steps:
per 667 m2Preparing application amount: 2000 kg of plant residues, 1000 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 75 kg of calcium superphosphate and 100 kg of peanut bran;
mixing and stirring the calcium superphosphate and the peanut bran uniformly to form a fine fertilizer mixture;
spreading the plant residues on the ground, adding the mixture of the decomposed chicken manure and the fine fertilizer, and turning and uniformly stirring to form a nutrient medium;
as a result: during the implementation period, the dragon fruit plants grow basically robustly; the bud falling phenomenon does not occur, the 5 loquat fruits are harvested all the year round, and the annual output is 4089 kg/667 m2。
In summary, comparison with the examples and comparative examples shows that the invention has the following advantages: firstly, the yield of the dragon fruits is increased by more than 50 percent; secondly, water and fertilizer are saved, and compared with the prior art for planting dragon fruits on shoals, the effect of the invention saves water by 50 percent and fertilizer by 50 percent; thirdly, the invention reduces the pesticide by 50% compared with the prior art and has better insect prevention effect compared with the prior art; and fourthly, root fertilizers are fused, and the nutrition bag disclosed by the invention is full of absorbed roots, so that the root fertilizers are highly fused or efficiently butted, and the root system is very convenient and efficient to absorb the nutrition bag matrix.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The nutrition bag matrix for planting dragon fruits on tidal marsh is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 62-155 parts of water-retaining gel, 30-45 parts of calcium superphosphate, 40-60 parts of peanut bran, 1.6-2.4 parts of 3% chlorpyrifos granules, 800-1200 parts of broken plant residues and 400-600 parts of decomposed chicken manure;
the water-retaining gel is formed by mixing a soil water-retaining agent and 28-32 times of water by mass and absorbing water;
the soil water-retaining agent is super absorbent resin;
the high water absorption resin is at least one of starch high water absorption resin, cellulose high water absorption resin and synthetic resin high water absorption resin;
the plant residue is selected from at least one of Lentinus Edodes sawdust, testa oryzae, sawdust, coconut husk, and peat.
2. The nutrition bag matrix for the dragon fruit planted in the tidal marsh as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-retaining gel is 93-108.5 parts.
3. Use of the nutrient package substrate of any one of claims 1-2 in the planting of pitaya in coastal soil.
4. A frugal and synergistic planting method for planting dragon fruits in shoals based on the nutrient bag matrix of any one of claims 1-2 comprises the following steps:
1) planting dragon fruit seedlings in double rows on the coastal planting beds, planting the seedlings, covering the seedlings with coastal soil and compacting the seedlings;
2) after 18-30 months, in a fruiting period, packaging the nutrition package substrate of any one of claims 1-2 by using non-woven fabrics to obtain a nutrition package; digging strip fertilizing ditches outside the planting furrows and burying the nutrition bags;
3) a drip irrigation tape is laid on the fertilizing ditch for irrigation; the nutrition bag matrix can be coupled with water and stored in the nutrition bag, and the root system of the dragon fruit can take root in the nutrition bag to draw nutrition;
wherein the application amount of the soil water-retaining agent is 3.0-3.5 kg/667 m2。
5. The frugal and synergistic planting method for hylocereus undulatus by utilizing tidal marsh as claimed in claim 4, wherein the texture of the non-woven fabric is 40-60 g/m2。
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