CN108668973A - A kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity - Google Patents
A kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108668973A CN108668973A CN201810696954.9A CN201810696954A CN108668973A CN 108668973 A CN108668973 A CN 108668973A CN 201810696954 A CN201810696954 A CN 201810696954A CN 108668973 A CN108668973 A CN 108668973A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- anchor
- preformed hole
- shank
- slab
- anchor slab
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196171 Hydrodictyon reticulatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
- A01K61/65—Connecting or mooring devices therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of towing anchors of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity, including anchor slab, guide plate, anchor shank;Sets of holes are offered in the middle part of anchor slab;Guide plate shape triangular in shape, guide plate are welded in the lower part of anchor slab and are tilted to side;The shape of anchor shank cross section and sets of holes is mutually matched, and one end of anchor shank is welded with end plate, and the other end of anchor shank is provided with anchor eye, and proportional spacing is provided with multipair preformed hole on anchor shank;When assembling, each anchor slab is entangled anchor shank based on sets of holes, and each anchor slab is made to be located at the centre of each pair of preformed hole, is inserted into each preformed hole and is fixed with hold-down bars, each anchor slab is made to be fixed on the fixed position that stick is limited on anchor shank.The carried towing anchor of this technology is assembled by anchor slab and anchor shank, and anchor slab is substantially separated from each other with anchor shank, can assemble the anchor slab of different number as needed, it is simple in structure, easy to assembly, it is flexible and changeable, the net cage anchoring needs under different situations can be met, use scope is wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the anchoring technical field of deep water mesh cage, the towing of the adjustable variation of specifically a kind of anchor slab quantity
Anchor.
Background technology
The Form Development process of towing anchor can substantially be divided into three phases:First stage is old-fashioned inefficient anchor, second
Stage is high-bearing capacity anchor, and the phase III is normal direction load anchor.The novel towing anchor being previously mentioned at this stage, is often referred to normal direction load
Anchor (Vertically Loaded Anchor, VLA), belongs to large-scale embedded type drag plate anchor.Normal direction load anchor can not only be born
Horizontal and vertical load, and have higher anti-pulling capacity, bearing capacity can reach 100 times of anchor own wt with
On, while there is light-weight, material to save, is easy to operate, is easy storage, recyclable and many advantages, such as reuse, and it is novel at present
Deep water tightens the cooperation of rope Mooring Arrangements, and the advantage under deep water conditions is clearly.
Existing novel towing anchor is mainly used for the oil and natural gas facility of mooring depth water float, therefore its quality and body
Product is larger.If the towing anchor of such as normal direction load anchor etc is used for the anchoring of seawater cage, quality and volume seem excessive,
Cost is also relatively excessively high, it is difficult to promote the use.The area of China's mariculture at present is concentrated mainly on the shallow gulf within 15 m isobaths
It is interior, and more than the marine site utilization rate of the 20 m depth of waters still less than 1%, therefore, the deep water mesh cage for greatly developing the 20 m depth of waters or more is supported
It grows, is one of the new way for solving China's food supply guarantee.But existing normal direction load anchor commonly used in hundreds of meters even on
The marine site of the km depth of water, if the net cage for 20 m of mooring ~ 50m depth of waters, it is clear that should not directly copy mechanically, certain change need to be carried out
Into.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a kind of novel towing anchor, it is made to meet the anchoring needs of 20m ~ 50m depth of water net cages, quality phase
To smaller, installation cost is relatively low, and anti-pulling capacity can meet the mooring requirement of seawater cage.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity, anchor slab and anchors for invention content
Handle is separated from each other, and a certain number of anchor slabs can be selected to be assembled on anchor shank on demand, the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity, so as to basis
The size of mooring forces selects the quantity of corresponding anchor slab, meets the anchoring demand of deep water mesh cage.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity, it is characterised in that:Including anchor shank, anchor shank one end is equipped with anchor eye, anchor shank
The other end is connected with end plate, and anchor shank is equipped with multipair preformed hole pair, and multipair preformed hole is to equidistantly uniform along anchor shank extending direction
Arrangement, each pair of preformed hole wherein at least have between a pair of of two preformed hole of preformed hole centering to being made of respectively two preformed holes
Be socketed with anchor slab on anchor shank, the side side of anchor slab is tilted to anchor eye side is connected with guide plate, if anchor slab have it is multiple if be oriented to
Plate is connected to each anchor slab same direction side side, and corresponding two preformed hole of preformed hole centering of anchor slab is respectively inserted with fixation
Stick limits anchor slab by the hold-down bars that two preformed hole of preformed hole centering is inserted into, and the quantity based on preformed hole pair realizes anchor slab quantity
It is adjustable.
A kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of the anchor slab quantity, it is characterised in that:Each pair of preformed hole is to by two edges
Two symmetrical preformed holes of anchor shank extending direction are constituted, and preformed hole is respectively perpendicular perforation anchor shank, and hold-down bars is co-axially inserted reserved
In hole and preformed hole, the anchor slab is passed through to be socketed on the anchor shank between two preformed hole of preformed hole centering by center sets of holes, anchor
The shape in sleeve-board hole is consistent with the cross sectional shape central axial perpendicular to anchor shank of anchor shank, and sets of holes bore hole size is slightly larger than anchor shank
Area of section.
A kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of the anchor slab quantity, it is characterised in that:Proximal plate position is leaned on the anchor shank
It sets and is additionally provided with an individual preformed hole, can also be socketed with anchor slab on the anchor shank between the preformed hole and end plate, and end plate is close to
Side plate face of the anchor slab far from anchor eye limits fixed anchor slab jointly by the hold-down bars and end plate that are inserted into individual preformed hole.
A kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of the anchor slab quantity, it is characterised in that:The guide plate is shaped to one
Or multiple triangles, the tip of triangle is towards anchor eye side.
A kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of the anchor slab quantity, it is characterised in that:The folder of the guide plate and anchor slab
Angle be not less than 135 °, if anchor slab have it is multiple if each guide plate it is identical as the corner dimension of anchor slab.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention is:One piece of anchor slab is arranged in traditional towing anchor, and anchor slab is fixed with anchor shank
It is connected.The carried towing anchor of this technology is assembled by anchor slab and anchor shank, and anchor slab is substantially separated from each other with anchor shank, can be as needed
The anchor slab of different number is assembled, it is simple in structure, easy to assembly, it is flexible and changeable, the net cage anchoring needs under different situations can be met,
Use scope is wide.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 for the carried towing anchor of the present invention anchor slab three dimensional structure diagram.
Fig. 2 for the carried towing anchor of the present invention anchor slab front view.
Fig. 3 for the carried towing anchor of the present invention anchor slab right view.
Fig. 4 for the carried towing anchor of the present invention anchor shank three dimensional structure diagram.
Fig. 5 uses three-dimensional structure Fig. 1 of two anchor slabs for the carried towing anchor of the present invention.
Fig. 6 uses three-dimensional structure Fig. 2 of two anchor slabs for the carried towing anchor of the present invention.
Fig. 7 uses the front view of two anchor slabs for the carried towing anchor of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is carried towing anchor by the present invention and contacts sea bed schematic diagram under the effect of gravity.
Fig. 9 is carried towing anchor gradual injection sea bed schematic diagram under a stretching force by the present invention.
Figure 10 by the present invention carried towing anchor construct after with net cage connection diagram.
Figure 11 uses the tomograph of three anchor slabs for the carried towing anchor of the present invention.
Figure 12 uses the tomograph of four anchor slabs for the carried towing anchor of the present invention.
Reference sign:1, anchor slab;2, guide plate;3, sets of holes;4, anchor shank;5, end plate;6, preformed hole;7, anchor eye;8、
Hold-down bars;9, anchor chain;10, net cage;A, sea level;B, sea bed face.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
As shown in Fig. 1-Figure 12, a kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity, including anchor shank 4,4 one end of anchor shank are equipped with
Anchor eye 7,4 other end of anchor shank are connected with end plate 5, and anchor shank 4 is equipped with multipair preformed hole pair, and multipair preformed hole along anchor shank 4 to extending
Direction is equidistantly uniformly arranged, and each pair of preformed hole wherein at least has a pair of of preformed hole centering to being made of respectively two preformed holes 6
Anchor slab 1 is socketed on anchor shank between two preformed holes, the side side of anchor slab 1 is tilted to 7 side of anchor eye is connected with guide plate 2,
If anchor slab 1 have it is multiple if guide plate 2 be connected to 1 same direction side side of each anchor slab, 1 corresponding preformed hole centering two of anchor slab
Preformed hole 6 limits anchor slab 1, and based on pre- respectively inserted with hold-down bars 8 by the hold-down bars 8 that two preformed hole 6 of preformed hole centering is inserted into
Box out to quantity realize 1 quantity of anchor slab it is adjustable.
Each pair of preformed hole to being constituted along two symmetrical preformed holes 6 of 4 extending direction of anchor shank by two, distinguish by preformed hole 6
Vertically through anchor shank 4, hold-down bars 8 is co-axially inserted in preformed hole 6 and preformed hole 6, anchor slab 1 is passed through to be socketed in by center sets of holes 3
On anchor shank 4 between two preformed hole 6 of preformed hole centering, the shape and anchor shank 4 of 1 sets of holes 3 of anchor slab are central axial perpendicular to anchor shank 4
Cross sectional shape it is consistent, 3 bore hole size of sets of holes be slightly larger than anchor shank 4 area of section.
An individual preformed hole is additionally provided with by proximal plate position, on anchor shank 4 on the anchor shank between the preformed hole and end plate 5
Also it can be socketed with anchor slab, and end plate 5 is close to side plate face of the anchor slab far from anchor eye 7, by the fixation for being inserted into individual preformed hole
Anchor slab is fixed in limit jointly for stick and end plate 5.
Guide plate 2 is shaped to one or more triangles, and the tip of triangle is towards 7 side of anchor eye.
The angle of guide plate 2 and anchor slab 1 is not less than 135 °, if anchor slab 1 have it is multiple if each guide plate 2 and anchor slab 1 folder
Angle size is identical.
The present invention includes anchor slab 1, guide plate 2, anchor shank 4;The middle part of the anchor slab 1 offers sets of holes 3;The guiding
2 shape triangular in shape of plate, guide plate 2 are welded in the lower part of anchor slab 1 and are tilted to side;4 cross section of anchor shank and sets of holes 3
Shape be mutually matched, one end of anchor shank 4 is welded with end plate 5, and the other end of anchor shank 4 is provided with anchor eye 7, on anchor shank 4 uniformly between
Away from be provided with multipair preformed hole 6;When assembling, each anchor slab 1 is entangled anchor shank 4 based on sets of holes 3, and it is each right so that each anchor slab 1 is located at
The centre of preformed hole 6 is inserted into each preformed hole 6 and is fixed with hold-down bars 8, so that each anchor slab 1 is fixed stick 8 and is limited in anchor shank
On fixed position on 4.
The nouns of locality such as above-mentioned " lower part " referred to, " side " are postures when being constructed based on carried towing anchor to determine.
Carried towing anchor smoothly contacts sea bed when construction, as shown in Figure 8.Under this posture, to determine being specifically directed towards for each noun of locality,
The noun of locality that other places are carried in specification also is estimated to obtain by this posture.Above-mentioned orientation or position relationship are based on attached drawing
Shown in orientation or position relationship, be merely for convenience of describing and simplifying description, rather than indicate or imply signified dress
It sets or component must have a particular orientation, constructs and operate, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
After guide plate 2 is welded with anchor slab 1, below inclined direction the same side of triangular tip of guide plate 2, guide plate 2
It is not more than 45 ° with the acute angle of anchor slab 1.Guide plate 2 is preferably embodied in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is welded in the lower part of anchor slab 1 and to one
It rolls tiltedly, which is not more than 45 °, i.e. guide plate 2 and the acute angle of 1 liang of plane of anchor slab is not more than 45 °.
The cross-sectional shape of anchor shank 4 is identical with the void shape of sets of holes 3, and the cross sectional dimensions of anchor shank 4 is slightly less than set
The bore hole size in hole 3 is inserted in anchor slab 1 on anchor shank 4, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 convenient for being based on sets of holes 3.The shape of sets of holes 3 differs
Surely it is rectangle, can is the profiled shape of other symmetrical structures.The shape of sets of holes 3 should have conducive to maintenance anchor slab 1 on anchor shank 4
Stability and rigidity.Fig. 3 gives a kind of shape of sets of holes 3, certainly it is also an option that other shapes.
When anchor slab 1 is assembled on anchor shank 4, the guide plate 2 on all anchor slabs 1 should be tilted to 7 side of anchor eye, such as Fig. 5 and Fig. 6
It is shown.It can be arranged as required to the quantity of the length and preformed hole 6 of anchor shank 4, make the quantity of anchor slab 1 on towing anchor is adjustable to become
Change.The case where Fig. 5 gives the case where two pieces of anchor slab 1 of setting, and Figure 11 gives three pieces of anchor slab 1 of setting, Figure 12 gives setting
The case where four pieces of anchor slab 1." the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity " that this technology is carried, that is, the quantity for referring to anchor slab is not fixed, can basis
Need the anchor slab quantity of selection different number.
The construction method of carried towing anchor is as follows:First each anchor slab 1 is assembled on anchor shank 4, one end pastern of anchor chain 9 is in anchor
On eye 7, towing anchor is set smoothly to contact sea bed using ancillary measure, as shown in Figure 8;Under the action of 9 pulling force of anchor chain, towing anchor
Gradual injection sea bed, as shown in Figure 9;When anchor chain pulling force reaches predetermined value, stop tensioning anchor chain, the other end mooring of anchor chain
On net cage 10, construction terminates.
One piece of anchor slab is arranged in traditional towing anchor, and anchor slab is fixedly linked with anchor shank.The carried towing anchor of this technology by anchor slab with
Anchor shank assembles, and anchor slab is substantially separated from each other with anchor shank, can assemble the anchor slab of different number as needed, simple in structure,
It is easy to assembly, it is flexible and changeable, the net cage anchoring needs under different situations can be met, use scope is wide.
The case where anchor slab of towing anchor and the partial shape of anchor shank and part connection type are shown only in attached drawing, according to institute
Put forward thinking, thus it is possible to vary anchor slab, anchor shank shape and connection type, form the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity of other correlation types
Towing anchor, belong to the equivalent modifications and change of this technology, details are not described herein again.
The attached figures are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitating the patent;It is attached in order to more preferably illustrate the present embodiment
Scheme certain components to have omission, zoom in or out, does not represent the size of actual product;To those skilled in the art,
The omitting of some known structures and their instructions in the attached drawings are understandable;Same or analogous label corresponds to same or similar
Component;The terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only for illustration, should not be understood as the limitation to this patent.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific implementation mode, according to the above, according to the ordinary technical knowledge of this field
And customary means, under the premise of not departing from above-mentioned basic fundamental thought of the invention, the present invention can also make other diversified forms
Equivalent modifications, replacement or change, be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity, it is characterised in that:Including anchor shank, anchor shank one end is equipped with anchor eye, anchor
The handle other end is connected with end plate, and anchor shank is equipped with multipair preformed hole pair, and multipair preformed hole is to equidistantly equal along anchor shank extending direction
Even arrangement, each pair of preformed hole wherein at least have between a pair of of two preformed hole of preformed hole centering to being made of respectively two preformed holes
Anchor shank on be socketed with anchor slab, the side side of anchor slab is tilted to anchor eye side is connected with guide plate, if anchor slab have it is multiple if lead
It is connected to each anchor slab same direction side side to plate, corresponding two preformed hole of preformed hole centering of anchor slab is respectively inserted with fixation
Stick limits anchor slab by the hold-down bars that two preformed hole of preformed hole centering is inserted into, and the quantity based on preformed hole pair realizes anchor slab quantity
It is adjustable.
2. a kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Each pair of preformed hole
To being constituted along two symmetrical preformed holes of anchor shank extending direction by two, preformed hole is respectively perpendicular perforation anchor shank, and hold-down bars is same
Axis is inserted into preformed hole and preformed hole, the anchor slab is passed through to be socketed between two preformed hole of preformed hole centering by center sets of holes
On anchor shank, the shape of anchor slab sets of holes is consistent with the cross sectional shape central axial perpendicular to anchor shank of anchor shank, and sets of holes bore hole size omits
More than the area of section of anchor shank.
3. a kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:On the anchor shank
It is additionally provided with an individual preformed hole by proximal plate position, anchor slab can be also socketed on the anchor shank between the preformed hole and end plate,
And end plate is close to side plate face of the anchor slab far from anchor eye, is limited jointly by the hold-down bars and end plate that are inserted into individual preformed hole solid
Determine anchor slab.
4. a kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The guide plate
It is shaped to one or more triangles, the tip of triangle is towards anchor eye side.
5. a kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The guide plate
Be not less than 135 ° with the angle of anchor slab, if anchor slab have it is multiple if each guide plate it is identical as the corner dimension of anchor slab.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201810696954.9A CN108668973A (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | A kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201810696954.9A CN108668973A (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | A kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN108668973A true CN108668973A (en) | 2018-10-19 |
Family
ID=63812511
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CN201810696954.9A Pending CN108668973A (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | A kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity |
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3986366A (en) * | 1975-09-22 | 1976-10-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Hedgehog anchor |
US6446568B1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2002-09-10 | Karmoy Winch A/S | Stopping and retaining device for chain or wire |
CN106386624A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-02-15 | 合肥学院 | Net cage anchoring foundation with two umbrella-shaped trays and two steel piles and construction method thereof |
CN106458293A (en) * | 2014-05-01 | 2017-02-22 | 布鲁帕特有限公司 | Fluked burying devices |
EP3162691A1 (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2017-05-03 | Scotrenewables Tidal Power Limited | Gravity anchor device |
-
2018
- 2018-06-29 CN CN201810696954.9A patent/CN108668973A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3986366A (en) * | 1975-09-22 | 1976-10-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Hedgehog anchor |
US6446568B1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2002-09-10 | Karmoy Winch A/S | Stopping and retaining device for chain or wire |
CN106458293A (en) * | 2014-05-01 | 2017-02-22 | 布鲁帕特有限公司 | Fluked burying devices |
EP3162691A1 (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2017-05-03 | Scotrenewables Tidal Power Limited | Gravity anchor device |
CN106386624A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-02-15 | 合肥学院 | Net cage anchoring foundation with two umbrella-shaped trays and two steel piles and construction method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20181019 |
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