CN108668183B - Optical network synchronization test method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses an optical network synchronization test method and system, which solve the problems of inconsistent remote synchronization reference standards and the like. The test system comprises a clock interface unit, an optical monitoring channel processing unit, a clock reference source and a synchronous test instrument; the test method comprises the following steps: generating a frequency reference signal by using a clock reference source, generating a time reference signal by using a synchronous test instrument, inputting the frequency reference signal as an external synchronous signal into a local network element clock interface unit to generate a line synchronous signal, and packaging the line synchronous signal into an optical monitoring channel signal to be transmitted to a line network element; setting a line network element, and transmitting a line synchronization signal by a line optical monitoring channel processing unit until the line synchronization signal is transmitted to a local optical monitoring channel processing unit; and a local optical monitoring channel processing unit is arranged to recover the line synchronization signal from the optical monitoring channel signal, and then an external synchronization signal is recovered through a clock interface unit and is input into a synchronization test instrument as a tested signal. The method and the device improve accuracy, avoid field condition limitation and reduce cost.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method and a system for synchronous testing of an optical transport network.
Background
In an optical network, an optical transport network (e.g., OTN/POTN) using an asynchronous working method does not need to perform frequency synchronization and time synchronization, but as a bearer network, the optical transport network necessarily needs to carry frequency and time synchronization signals, and on one hand, the optical transport network needs to perform synchronization signal interfacing with other bearer networks, and on the other hand, the optical transport network needs to provide support for a timing link organization of a synchronous network.
The frequency synchronization and time synchronization of the optical network system and the existing network test play a vital role in performance verification, engineering opening and later maintenance. However, the existing network testing method has the technical problems that: on one hand, the source end and the sink end are in different machine rooms, different synchronous reference sources need to be connected, and although the synchronous performance of the different synchronous reference sources is in the same order level, measurement errors are inevitably introduced to a certain degree; on the other hand, the test source and the test reference are limited by the physical position of a machine room, the installation environment of a GPS antenna, the condition of leading and connecting synchronous signals of transmission equipment and the like, a site meeting certain conditions needs to be selected for testing, and some typical synchronous links cannot be tested due to lack of conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a synchronous testing method and a synchronous testing system for an optical transport network, which solve the technical problems of measurement errors caused by inconsistent different synchronous reference bases in network synchronous testing and testing difficulty caused by high requirements on testing conditions of source and sink nodes for testing.
The embodiment of the application provides an optical network synchronization test system, wherein an optical network comprises a local network element and at least one line network element, and the local network element comprises a clock interface unit and a local optical monitoring channel processing unit; the line network element comprises a line optical monitoring channel processing unit; the test system comprises a clock reference source, a synchronous test instrument, the clock interface unit, the local optical monitoring channel processing unit and at least one line optical monitoring channel processing unit; the clock reference source generates a frequency reference signal and a phase reference signal, inputs the frequency reference signal and the phase reference signal into the synchronous test instrument and uses the frequency reference signal and the phase reference signal as a test reference signal; the clock interface unit is used for receiving an external synchronous signal, converting the external synchronous signal into a line synchronous signal and sending the line synchronous signal to the local optical monitoring channel processing unit; the system is also used for receiving a line synchronization signal from the local optical monitoring channel processing unit, recovering the external synchronization signal, inputting the external synchronization signal into the synchronization test instrument and using the external synchronization signal as a tested signal; the local optical monitoring channel processing unit is used for packaging the line synchronization signal into an optical monitoring channel signal and recovering the line synchronization signal from the received optical monitoring channel signal; the line optical monitoring channel processing unit is used for transmitting the optical monitoring channel signal; the optical monitoring channel signal is output from the local optical monitoring channel processing unit, passes through at least one line optical monitoring channel processing unit and then loops back to the local optical monitoring channel processing unit; the synchronous test instrument is used for generating a time reference signal and comparing the test reference signal with the tested signal; the external synchronization signal includes the frequency reference signal and the time reference signal.
An embodiment of the present application further provides an optical network synchronization testing method, which is used in the optical network synchronization testing system according to any embodiment of the present application, and includes the following steps:
generating a frequency reference signal and a phase reference signal by using a clock reference source, inputting the frequency reference signal and the phase reference signal into the synchronous test instrument, and using the frequency reference signal and the phase reference signal as test reference signals;
generating a time reference signal according to the phase reference signal by using a synchronous test instrument, inputting the frequency reference signal and the time reference signal which are used as the external synchronous signal into the clock interface unit to generate a line synchronous signal, packaging the line synchronous signal into an optical monitoring channel signal through the local optical monitoring channel processing unit, and transmitting the line synchronous signal to a line network element;
setting each line network element, transmitting the line synchronization signal through the line optical monitoring channel processing unit, and transmitting the line synchronization signal to the local optical monitoring channel processing unit or the next line optical monitoring channel processing unit;
setting the local optical monitoring channel processing unit, recovering the line synchronization signal from the optical monitoring channel signal, recovering the external synchronization signal through the clock interface unit, using the external synchronization signal as a tested signal, and inputting the tested signal to the synchronization test instrument;
comparing the test reference signal and the signal under test using the synchronous test meter.
Preferably, in the optical network synchronization testing method and system of the present application, the clock interface unit includes a first clock interface unit and a second clock interface unit; the local optical monitoring channel processing unit comprises a first optical monitoring channel processing unit and a second optical monitoring channel processing unit; the first clock interface unit is used for receiving an external synchronizing signal and converting the external synchronizing signal into a line synchronizing signal; the first optical supervisory channel processing unit is used for packaging the line synchronization signal into an optical supervisory channel signal; the second optical monitoring channel processing unit is used for recovering the line synchronization signal from the received optical monitoring channel signal; and the second clock interface unit is used for receiving the line synchronization signal and recovering the external synchronization signal.
Preferably, in the method and system for testing optical network synchronization according to the present application, the optical network is an optical transmission network or a packet transmission optical network.
Preferably, in the optical network synchronization test method and system of the present application, the frequency reference signal is 2MHz or 2 Mbps; the phase reference signal is 1pps, and the time reference signal is 1pps + ToD.
Preferably, in the optical network synchronization testing method and system according to the present application, the line synchronization signal is a synchronization signal that is used for a synchronous ethernet and meets IEEE1588 standard.
Preferably, in the optical network synchronization testing method and system according to the present application, the clock reference source is a master reference clock device and/or an area reference clock source device.
The embodiment of the application adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a novel synchronous loopback test method aiming at an optical network, in particular to a synchronous mode based on distributed processing of optical monitoring channels in an OTN/POTN system, and the technical scheme of the invention solves the problem of measurement error caused by a remote test reference and improves the test accuracy of the system; on the other hand, the method gets rid of the limitation of a test source and a test reference point, can test at any node of the optical network system according to actual needs, is not limited by the condition of on-site satellite signal connection, reduces the test cost and reduces the operation and maintenance risks.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional test of the existing network synchronization in an OTN/POTN system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an optical network synchronization test system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a synchronous optical network synchronous test system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an optical network synchronization testing method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The technical key point of the invention is that in an optical network processed by a distributed optical monitoring channel, in particular to OTN/POTN equipment, the system loopback test of line synchronous signals of synchronous Ethernet (1588+ syncE) meeting the IEEE1588 standard can be completed at a single site through a bidirectional optical monitoring channel processing unit and a synchronous interface unit. The technology is suitable for OTN/POTN equipment which adopts a distributed point-by-point processing mode to carry out 1588 and synchronous Ethernet synchronous transmission on an OSC board card, and is not suitable for OSC + main control centralized processing or an ESC mode.
According to the scheme of the invention, a source end device is selected as a local network element. In the best embodiment of the invention, on the basis that the source node equipment comprises a first synchronous interface unit and a first optical monitoring channel processing unit, a second optical monitoring channel processing unit and a second synchronous connection unit are added to realize a system loopback test method of 1588+ sync; and carrying out local loopback test on the synchronous signals in a point-by-point mode.
The invention eliminates the measurement error introduced by different sources of different-place clock reference on one hand, and gets rid of the bottleneck of testing on-site satellite reception or clock reference environment limitation on the other hand, and provides a flexible solution for the on-site network test of PTP (1588) or synchronous Ethernet (sync) timing link of the OTN/POTN system.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this document: 1 PPS-pulse per second; BC-boundary clock; GPS-global positioning system; LPR-area reference clock source; OSC-optical supervisory channel; OTN — optical transport network; POTN-packet-transport optical network; PTP — precision time synchronization protocol; PRC — master reference clock; SyncE-synchronous Ethernet; ToD-time of day.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional test of the existing network synchronization in an OTN/POTN system. As shown in fig. 1, in a conventional OTN/POTN system, if an OSC distributed processing mode is adopted to perform time synchronization and frequency synchronization tests, a source end and a sink end are remote nodes. A time server tracing to the satellite is usually deployed at a source end (or a test instrument connected with a satellite antenna can be used as a temporary synchronous source), a 2M frequency signal and a 1pps + ToD time signal are injected to a clock interface board of the OTN/POTN equipment, the clock interface board sends the synchronous signal to an OSC board card through a backboard or a jumper mode, after multi-station point-by-point processing, 2M and 1pps + ToD synchronous test signals are output on the clock interface board of a destination end, and synchronous testing is performed on the synchronous test instrument tracing to the satellite in an access station.
The existing testing technology has two disadvantages including: firstly, different sources of different-place reference introduce measurement errors and cannot be corrected. Although the synchronous reference of the source end and the test reference of the sink end both reach the frequency accuracy level of the primary reference clock 3E-12 in China, because the synchronous reference of the source end and the test reference of the sink end are in a machine room at a different place, measurement errors caused by non-ideal factors such as satellite receiving quantity, satellite receiving position, satellite receiver processing performance, instrument internal frequency division processing and the like are difficult to avoid, and the part of errors cannot be corrected and compensated through a model, so that the test precision of the synchronous system test is influenced. Second, the test environment and the test site are limited by a plurality of factors, which affects the selection of the test site and the selection of the typical synchronous link. For time synchronization test, a host machine room must have a GPS/Beidou satellite signal receiving environment, if a satellite antenna feeder cannot be led to a test field, the time synchronization test cannot be carried out, and if a field satellite antenna mushroom head is shielded by a building or interfered by other wireless signals, the received satellite signals are unstable, the test result is seriously influenced; for frequency synchronization test, a host machine room needs to have a GPS/Beidou satellite signal receiving environment, or PRC or LPR primary reference clock equipment needs to be deployed in a station to perform frequency synchronization system test. Therefore, the testing method has higher requirements on the field conditions of the machine room, and particularly has the objective problem of difficult address selection for a typical synchronous link needing to be tested (such as an ITU-T G.8271.1HRM Class B20 jump BC cascade networking scene).
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an optical network synchronization test system according to the present invention. The embodiment of the application provides an optical network synchronization test system, where the optical network includes a local network element 10 and at least one line network element 20, and the local network element includes a clock interface unit 1 and a local optical supervisory channel processing unit 2; the line network element comprises a line optical supervisory channel processing unit 3.
The test system comprises a clock reference source 4, a synchronous test instrument 5, the clock interface unit 1, the local optical monitoring channel processing unit 2 and at least one line optical monitoring channel processing unit 3.
The clock reference source 4 generates a frequency reference signal (2M) and a phase reference signal (1pps) which are input to the synchronous test meter for use as test reference signals.
The clock interface unit is used for receiving an external synchronous signal, converting the external synchronous signal into a line synchronous signal and sending the line synchronous signal to the local optical monitoring channel processing unit; and the system is also used for receiving a line synchronization signal from the local optical monitoring channel processing unit, recovering the external synchronization signal, inputting the external synchronization signal into the synchronization test instrument and using the external synchronization signal as a tested signal.
The local optical monitoring channel processing unit is used for packaging the line synchronization signal into an optical monitoring channel signal and recovering the line synchronization signal from the received optical monitoring channel signal; and the line optical monitoring channel processing unit is used for transmitting the optical monitoring channel signal.
In each line network element 20, the line optical supervisory channel processing unit 3 transmits the line synchronization signal to a local network element or a next line network element; the optical monitoring channel signal is output from the local optical monitoring channel processing unit, passes through at least one line optical monitoring channel processing unit, and then loops back to the local optical monitoring channel processing unit.
The synchronous test instrument is used for generating a time reference signal (1pps + ToD) and comparing the test reference signal with the signal to be tested; the external synchronization signal includes the frequency reference signal and the time reference signal.
Generally, the clock interface unit is a clock interface board of the commercial device; the optical supervisory channel processing unit is an OSC card of the commercial device. It should be noted that if the commercial OSC card has frequency-synchronized and time-synchronized input/output signal interfaces, the synchronous interface board can be omitted.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an optical network synchronization testing system according to the present invention. On the basis of the embodiment shown in fig. 2, preferably, in the optical network synchronization testing system according to the present application, the clock interface unit of the local network element includes a first clock interface unit 11 and a second clock interface unit 12; the local optical supervisory channel processing unit in the local network element includes a first optical supervisory channel processing unit 21 and a second optical supervisory channel processing unit 22; the first clock interface unit is used for receiving an external synchronizing signal and converting the external synchronizing signal into a line synchronizing signal; the first optical supervisory channel processing unit is used for packaging the line synchronization signal into an optical supervisory channel signal; the second optical monitoring channel processing unit is used for recovering the line synchronization signal from the received optical monitoring channel signal; and the second clock interface unit is used for receiving the line synchronization signal and recovering the external synchronization signal.
For example, the clock reference source is PRC and/or LPR, and on one hand, provides a 2M frequency reference signal for the clock interface unit 11 of the local network element of the OTN/POTN, and on the other hand, provides 2M and 1pps test references for the synchronous test instrument 5;
in the commercial device, the clock interface unit 11 is a local network element clock interface board of the OTN/POTN, and performs interface and rate conversion after receiving a 2M frequency synchronization signal of a clock reference source and a 1pps + ToD time reference signal sent by the synchronization test instrument 5, and sends a line synchronization signal to the first optical supervisory channel processing unit 21 through a backplane or an external clock line.
An optical supervisory channel processing unit 21, for example, an OSC board card of a commercial device, encapsulates the 1588+ sync line synchronization signal received from the clock interface unit 11 into an OSC optical supervisory channel signal, and then performs interoffice transmission of the line synchronization signal in a point-by-point manner;
the optical supervisory channel processing unit 22 is, for example, to additionally configure an OSC board card on the OTN/POTN device of the source end site (i.e., local network element), recover 1588+ sync e line synchronization signals from optical supervisory channel signals looped back between stations, and send the recovered synchronization signals to the clock interface unit 12 through a backplane or an external clock line;
the clock interface unit 12 is used for carrying out rate and protocol conversion on the received line synchronous signals and outputting 2M and 1pps + ToD test signals to the synchronous test instrument;
synchronous test instrument 5: receiving the 2M and 1pps reference signals of the clock reference source (PRC/LPR), i.e., the test reference signal, performing a frequency synchronization test on the 2M frequency reference signal output by the clock interface unit 12, and performing a time synchronization test on the 1pps + ToD time reference signal output by the clock interface unit 12.
It should be noted that the synchronous test instrument in the system of the present invention does not need to receive GPS/beidou satellite signals, such as field clock-free reference source devices (PRC/LPR), and the test instrument can simultaneously transmit 2M frequency reference signals and 1pps + ToD time reference signals to be directly input to the clock interface unit 11.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an optical network synchronization testing method according to the present invention. An embodiment of the present application further provides an optical network synchronization testing method, which is used in the optical network synchronization testing system according to any embodiment of the present application, and includes the following steps:
for example, after the clock network management system confirms that the output of the clock reference source in the test field is normal, a 2M frequency reference signal and a 1pps phase reference signal of the clock reference source are output to the synchronous test instrument to serve as test reference signals.
for example, a 2M frequency reference signal of a clock reference source and a 1pps + ToD time reference signal of a synchronous test instrument are injected to a clock interface unit of a local network element OTN/POTN device of a test site;
particularly, when the local network element includes a first clock interface unit and a first optical supervisory channel processing unit, the frequency reference signal and the time reference signal are used as the external synchronization signal, and are input to the first clock interface unit of the local network element to generate a line synchronization signal, and then are encapsulated in the optical supervisory channel signal by the first optical supervisory channel processing unit of the local network element, and are transmitted to the line network element.
Step 13, setting each line network element, transmitting the line synchronization signal through the line optical monitoring channel processing unit of the line network element, and then transmitting the line synchronization signal to a local network element or a next line network element: specifically, the optical signal is transmitted to a local optical monitoring channel processing unit or a next line optical monitoring channel processing unit;
for example, an OSC point-by-point processing mode is configured on an OTN/POTN transmission network management system to perform 1588+ sync synchronous transmission, and it is confirmed that the network element tracking clock state is normal.
And step 14, setting the local optical monitoring channel processing unit, recovering the line synchronization signal from the optical monitoring channel signal, recovering the external synchronization signal through the clock interface unit, using the external synchronization signal as a tested signal, and inputting the tested signal to the synchronization test instrument.
For example, commercial OTN/POTN equipment is used in a local network element, an OSC board card and a clock interface board are additionally provided on the equipment, 1588 and sync signals looped back from a remote end are grounded through the OSC board card, interface and protocol conversion is performed through the clock interface board, and 2M and 1pps + ToD synchronous test signals are output;
the external synchronization signal recovered via the clock interface unit includes a recovered frequency reference signal and a recovered time reference signal.
And step 15, comparing the test reference signal with the tested signal by using the synchronous test instrument. Specifically, the synchronous test instrument performs a frequency synchronization test on a frequency reference signal (2M) recovered by a clock interface unit of a local network element (e.g., an OTN/POTN network element), that is, compares a frequency reference signal generated by the clock reference source with a frequency reference signal recovered by the clock interface unit; performing time synchronization test on a time reference signal (1pps + ToD) recovered by a local network element clock interface unit, namely comparing the time reference signal generated by the synchronous test instrument with the time reference signal recovered by the clock interface unit; or comparing a phase reference signal generated by the clock reference source with a time reference signal recovered by the clock interface unit.
Particularly, when the local network element includes a second clock interface unit and a second optical supervisory channel processing unit, the second optical supervisory channel processing unit of the local network element recovers the line synchronization signal from the optical supervisory channel signal, and then recovers the external synchronization signal through the second clock interface unit, and the external synchronization signal is used as a signal to be tested and input to the synchronization test instrument. And performing frequency synchronization test on the frequency reference signal (2M) recovered by the second clock interface unit of the local network element (such as an OTN/POTN network element) through a synchronization test instrument, and performing time synchronization test on the time reference signal (1pps + ToD) recovered by the local network element.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. An optical network synchronization test system, the optical network includes a local network element and at least one line network element, the local network element includes a clock interface unit, a local optical monitoring channel processing unit; the line network element comprises a line optical monitoring channel processing unit; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the test system comprises a clock reference source, a synchronous test instrument, the clock interface unit, the local optical monitoring channel processing unit and at least one line optical monitoring channel processing unit;
the clock reference source generates a frequency reference signal and a phase reference signal, inputs the frequency reference signal and the phase reference signal into the synchronous test instrument and uses the frequency reference signal and the phase reference signal as a test reference signal;
the clock interface unit is used for receiving an external synchronous signal, converting the external synchronous signal into a line synchronous signal and sending the line synchronous signal to the local optical monitoring channel processing unit;
the system is also used for receiving a line synchronization signal from the local optical monitoring channel processing unit, recovering the external synchronization signal, inputting the external synchronization signal into the synchronization test instrument and using the external synchronization signal as a tested signal;
the local optical monitoring channel processing unit is used for packaging the line synchronization signal into an optical monitoring channel signal and recovering the line synchronization signal from the received optical monitoring channel signal;
the line optical monitoring channel processing unit is used for transmitting the optical monitoring channel signal; the optical monitoring channel signal is output from the local optical monitoring channel processing unit, passes through at least one line optical monitoring channel processing unit and then loops back to the local optical monitoring channel processing unit;
the synchronous test instrument is used for generating a time reference signal and comparing the test reference signal with the tested signal;
the external synchronization signal comprises the frequency reference signal and the time reference signal;
the line synchronization signal is a synchronization signal for synchronizing an ethernet network to meet the IEEE1588 standard.
2. The optical network synchronous test system of claim 1, wherein the frequency reference signal is 2MHz or 2 Mbps.
3. The optical network synchronous test system of claim 1, wherein the phase reference signal is 1pps and the time reference signal is 1pps + ToD.
4. The optical network synchronization test system of claim 1, wherein the optical network is an optical transport network or a packet transport optical network.
5. The optical network synchronous test system of claim 1, wherein the clock reference source is a master reference clock device and/or an area reference clock source device.
6. The optical network synchronization test system of claim 1,
the clock interface unit comprises a first clock interface unit and a second clock interface unit;
the local optical monitoring channel processing unit comprises a first optical monitoring channel processing unit and a second optical monitoring channel processing unit;
the first clock interface unit is used for receiving an external synchronizing signal and converting the external synchronizing signal into a line synchronizing signal;
the first optical supervisory channel processing unit is used for packaging the line synchronization signal into an optical supervisory channel signal;
the second optical monitoring channel processing unit is used for recovering the line synchronization signal from the received optical monitoring channel signal;
and the second clock interface unit is used for receiving the line synchronization signal and recovering the external synchronization signal.
7. An optical network synchronization test method for the optical network synchronization test system of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of,
generating a frequency reference signal and a phase reference signal by using a clock reference source, inputting the frequency reference signal and the phase reference signal into the synchronous test instrument, and using the frequency reference signal and the phase reference signal as test reference signals;
generating a time reference signal according to the phase reference signal by using a synchronous test instrument, inputting the frequency reference signal and the time reference signal which are used as the external synchronous signal into the clock interface unit to generate a line synchronous signal, packaging the line synchronous signal into an optical monitoring channel signal through the local optical monitoring channel processing unit, and transmitting the line synchronous signal to a line network element;
setting each line network element, transmitting the line synchronization signal through the line optical monitoring channel processing unit, and transmitting the line synchronization signal to the local optical monitoring channel processing unit or the next line optical monitoring channel processing unit;
setting the local optical monitoring channel processing unit, recovering the line synchronization signal from the optical monitoring channel signal, recovering the external synchronization signal through the clock interface unit, using the external synchronization signal as a tested signal, and inputting the tested signal to the synchronization test instrument;
comparing the test reference signal and the signal under test using the synchronous test meter.
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| CN100499406C (en) * | 2004-07-26 | 2009-06-10 | 华为技术有限公司 | Information transmission equipment, method and system |
| CN101877800A (en) * | 2009-12-03 | 2010-11-03 | 上海交通大学 | Test method of difference time delay of optical network |
| US9778315B2 (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2017-10-03 | Cavium, Inc. | Testbench builder, system, device and method having agent loopback functionality |
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