CN108660755B - 一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的制备方法,是以细纤维化的蚕丝纤维为原料,以低分子量的壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、玉米淀粉和金银花作为高吸湿保湿性整理剂,经先后于浸渍吸湿保湿性整理剂和丝素蛋白溶液,再经水汽蒸处理定型、水洗、干燥步骤制成的高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维。本发明制备的改性蚕丝纤维的原纤化程度高,吸湿保湿性能优越,并通过丝素蛋白固化整理,提高蚕丝纤维的实用性,最大限度保护蚕丝的原有性质。
Description
本申请是申请号为2016103198155,申请日为2016年05月13日,发明创造名称为“一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维及其制备方法”的专利的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明属于纺织材料技术领域,具体涉及一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的逐步提高,人们对衣服面料本身也提出了更高的要求,不仅要耐用舒适,还需要具有抗菌抑菌等功能。众所周知,蚕丝纤维一直以亲肤舒适还具有一定的保健功效而闻名,但是蚕丝纤维的吸湿性不高,回潮率仅为11%,大大限制了蚕丝纤维在吸湿领域的应用。
中国专利CN104213248A(公开日2014年12月17日)公开的一种吸湿透气的蚕丝复合纤维及其制备方法,先将乳香、人中白、金银花加水煎煮4-6小时,过滤,往滤液中投入蚕丝、骆驼毛、牛奶蛋白纤维浸泡10-13小时,捞出烘干、脱脂、超细粉碎后均匀喷入椰油精华;再往茶多酚中加入热水搅拌至溶解,加入珊瑚绒、苎麻纤维、PTT短纤维、可塑性淀粉、焦磷酸钠超声波处理30-40分钟;然后称取1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯投入反应釜中搅拌混匀,加入步骤(1)、(2)产物研磨20-40分钟,加热到100-120℃,再加入其它剩余成分搅拌反应50-70分钟,制得纺丝原液;最后将制得的纺丝原液进行纺丝、卷绕、集束、拉伸即得。该方法制备的蚕丝复合纤维属于再生蚕丝复合纤维,通过蚕丝与其他功能原料的融合经纺丝制得,该方法制备的再生蚕丝复合纤维的机械强度低,实用性小。中国论文(“HBP-HTC的制备及其对真丝绸的改性研究”,张德锁,苏州大学硕士论文)公开的利用超支化合物HBP-HTC对真丝绸浸渍处理后发现,由于HBP-HTC中含有大量亲水性基团附着于蚕丝表面,提高了蚕丝的亲水性,而且在高温处理时使蚕丝受到一定破坏作用,增加了织物中的间隙,增强了毛细效益,所以蚕丝织物的吸水性稍有增强。该方法制备的蚕丝面料是通过在蚕丝织物的表面添加亲水基团提高蚕丝织物的吸水性,增强的吸水性能有限。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维及其制备方法,是以细纤维化的蚕丝纤维为原料,以低分子量的壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、玉米淀粉和金银花作为高吸湿保湿性整理剂,经先后于浸渍吸湿保湿性整理剂和丝素蛋白溶液,再经水汽蒸处理定型、水洗、干燥步骤制成。本发明制备的改性蚕丝纤维的原纤化程度高,细纤维化的蚕丝的内部和表面含有高吸湿保湿整理剂,因此改性蚕丝纤维的吸湿保湿性能好。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
一种吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维,其特征在于,所述吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维是以细纤维化的蚕丝纤维为原料,经浸渍、水蒸汽处理定型、水洗、干燥步骤制成,所述吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维的内部和表面含有吸湿保湿性整理剂,所述吸湿保湿整理剂中包含低分子量的壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、玉米淀粉和金银花。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述吸湿保湿整理剂中组分,按重量份计,包括:低分子量的壳聚糖5-15份、海藻酸钠3-7份、玉米淀粉2-8份、金银花1-5份和去离子水50-80份。
本发明还提供一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将蚕丝经脱胶处理后,加入氯化钙溶液中溶胀,然后将溶胀的蚕丝纤维经揉搓和梳理得到细纤维化的蚕丝纤维;
(2)将低分子量的壳聚糖溶液中添加海藻酸钠溶液、玉米淀粉和金银花提取液,搅拌至混合均匀,形成吸湿保湿整理剂;
(3)将步骤(1)制备的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维室温晾干后浸渍于步骤(2)制备的吸湿保湿整理剂中完全润湿,取出烘干,再浸渍于丝素蛋白水溶液中,取出,去除表面多余的溶液,最后用乙醇水蒸汽处理定型,水洗干燥得到高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(1)中,氯化钙溶液的浓度为2-4%,溶胀的温度为70-80℃,溶胀的时间为5-15min。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(1)中,细纤维化的蚕丝纤维的原纤化程度为20-35%。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,低分子量的壳聚糖的脱乙酰度为85-95%,低分子量的壳聚糖溶液中壳聚糖的质量分数不高于5%。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,海藻酸钠溶液中海藻酸钠的质量分数不高于3%。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(3)中,浸渍的温度为25-30℃,浸渍的时间不低于10min。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(3)中,烘干和干燥的温度为60-70℃。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(3)中,乙醇水蒸汽的体积比为1:1,处理时间为10-30min。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明将溶胀的蚕丝纤维进行揉搓和梳理,使蚕丝纤维原纤化,蚕丝蛋白大分子内部的无定型区域增加,结晶区之间也出现松动,水分子进入无定形区和结晶区,使丝素分子链间距离增大,纤维外表面积增大,继而提高蚕丝纤维的吸湿保湿性能。
(2)本发明采用低分子量的壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、玉米淀粉和金银花提取物作为原料制备吸湿保湿性整理剂,整理剂中含有玉米淀粉的吸湿性强,金银花具有抗菌抑菌作用,还含有的低分子量的壳聚糖和海藻酸钠都可以与蚕丝纤维中的大分子链之间形成一定的络合交联,将玉米淀粉和金银花提取物包覆固定于蚕丝纤维的内部与表面形成薄膜,防止玉米淀粉和金银花提取物在使用和洗涤过程中流失。
(3)本发明最后还通过浸渍丝素蛋白水溶液和乙醇水溶液汽蒸处理,固化蚕丝纤维表面和内部的整理剂,进一步提高蚕丝纤维的耐水洗性和使用性能,并且修复因原纤化处理对蚕丝纤维优质性能的损伤,最大程度保护蚕丝纤维的原有性能。
(4)本发明制备的改性蚕丝纤维的吸湿性极佳,可达25%以上,且弹性好,还具有抗菌抑菌功效。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例来详细说明本发明,在此本发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明,但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1:
(1)将蚕丝经脱胶处理后,加入浓度为2%的氯化钙溶液中,70℃下溶胀5min,然后将溶胀的蚕丝纤维经揉搓和梳理得到原纤化程度为20%的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维。
(2)按重量份计,将脱乙酰度为85%的低分子量的壳聚糖溶液中添加海藻酸钠溶液、玉米淀粉和金银花提取液,搅拌至混合均匀,形成吸湿保湿整理剂,其中低分子量的壳聚糖5份、海藻酸钠3份、玉米淀粉2份、金银花1份和去离子水50份。
(3)将步骤(1)制备的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维室温晾干后,在25℃下浸渍于步骤(2)制备的吸湿保湿整理剂中完全润湿,取出,60℃烘干,再在25℃下浸渍于丝素蛋白水溶液中15min,取出,去除表面多余的溶液,最后用体积比为1:1的乙醇水蒸汽处理10min定型,水洗,60℃干燥得到高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维。
实施例2:
(1)将蚕丝经脱胶处理后,加入浓度为4%的氯化钙溶液中,80℃下溶胀15min,然后将溶胀的蚕丝纤维经揉搓和梳理得到原纤化程度为35%的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维。
(2)按重量份计,将脱乙酰度为95%的低分子量的壳聚糖溶液中添加海藻酸钠溶液、玉米淀粉和金银花提取液,搅拌至混合均匀,形成吸湿保湿整理剂,其中低分子量的壳聚糖15份、海藻酸钠7份、玉米淀粉8份、金银花5份和去离子水80份。
(3)将步骤(1)制备的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维室温晾干后,在30℃下浸渍于步骤(2)制备的吸湿保湿整理剂中完全润湿,取出,70℃烘干,再在30℃下浸渍于丝素蛋白水溶液中20min,取出,去除表面多余的溶液,最后用体积比为1:1的乙醇水蒸汽处理30min定型,水洗,70℃干燥得到高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维。
实施例3:
(1)将蚕丝经脱胶处理后,加入浓度为3%的氯化钙溶液中,75℃下溶胀10min,然后将溶胀的蚕丝纤维经揉搓和梳理得到原纤化程度为25%的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维。
(2)按重量份计,将脱乙酰度为90%的低分子量的壳聚糖溶液中添加海藻酸钠溶液、玉米淀粉和金银花提取液,搅拌至混合均匀,形成吸湿保湿整理剂,其中低分子量的壳聚糖10份、海藻酸钠5份、玉米淀粉4份、金银花2份和去离子水60份。
(3)将步骤(1)制备的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维室温晾干后,在27℃下浸渍于步骤(2)制备的吸湿保湿整理剂中完全润湿,取出,65℃烘干,再在26℃下浸渍于丝素蛋白水溶液中25min,取出,去除表面多余的溶液,最后用体积比为1:1的乙醇水蒸汽处理15min定型,水洗,65℃干燥得到高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维。
实施例4:
(1)将蚕丝经脱胶处理后,加入浓度为2%的氯化钙溶液中,80℃下溶胀5min,然后将溶胀的蚕丝纤维经揉搓和梳理得到原纤化程度为35%的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维。
(2)按重量份计,将脱乙酰度为85%的低分子量的壳聚糖溶液中添加海藻酸钠溶液、玉米淀粉和金银花提取液,搅拌至混合均匀,形成吸湿保湿整理剂,其中低分子量的壳聚糖15份、海藻酸钠3份、玉米淀粉8份、金银花5份和去离子水50份。
(3)将步骤(1)制备的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维室温晾干后,在30℃下浸渍于步骤(2)制备的吸湿保湿整理剂中完全润湿,取出,60℃烘干,再在30℃下浸渍于丝素蛋白水溶液中25min,取出,去除表面多余的溶液,最后用体积比为1:1的乙醇水蒸汽处理25min定型,水洗,70℃干燥得到高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维。
实施例5:
(1)将蚕丝经脱胶处理后,加入浓度为3%的氯化钙溶液中,75℃下溶胀15min,然后将溶胀的蚕丝纤维经揉搓和梳理得到原纤化程度为25%的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维。
(2)按重量份计,将脱乙酰度为90%的低分子量的壳聚糖溶液中添加海藻酸钠溶液、玉米淀粉和金银花提取液,搅拌至混合均匀,形成吸湿保湿整理剂,其中低分子量的壳聚糖5份、海藻酸钠5份、玉米淀粉5份、金银花5份和去离子水65份。
(3)将步骤(1)制备的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维室温晾干后,在30℃下浸渍于步骤(2)制备的吸湿保湿整理剂中完全润湿,取出,60℃烘干,再在25℃下浸渍于丝素蛋白水溶液中10min,取出,去除表面多余的溶液,最后用体积比为1:1的乙醇水蒸汽处理30min定型,水洗,60℃干燥得到高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维。
实施例6:
(1)将蚕丝经脱胶处理后,加入浓度为4%的氯化钙溶液中,70℃下溶胀15min,然后将溶胀的蚕丝纤维经揉搓和梳理得到原纤化程度为30%的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维。
(2)按重量份计,将脱乙酰度为90%的低分子量的壳聚糖溶液中添加海藻酸钠溶液、玉米淀粉和金银花提取液,搅拌至混合均匀,形成吸湿保湿整理剂,其中低分子量的壳聚糖10份、海藻酸钠6份、玉米淀粉6份、金银花4份和去离子水70份。
(3)将步骤(1)制备的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维室温晾干后,在27℃下浸渍于步骤(2)制备的吸湿保湿整理剂中完全润湿,取出,65℃烘干,再在25℃下浸渍于丝素蛋白水溶液中15min,取出,去除表面多余的溶液,最后用体积比为1:1的乙醇水蒸汽处理15min定型,水洗,70℃干燥得到高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维。
经检测,实施例1-6制备的高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维以及现有技术的未改性的蚕丝纤维和经超支化合物HBP-HTC改性的蚕丝面料的吸水性的结果如下所示:
由上表可见,本发明制备的高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维吸湿保湿性能大大提高,扩大了蚕丝纤维的应用领域。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (9)
1.一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将蚕丝经脱胶处理后,加入氯化钙溶液中溶胀,然后将溶胀的蚕丝纤维经揉搓和梳理得到细纤维化的蚕丝纤维;
(2)将低分子量的壳聚糖溶液中添加海藻酸钠溶液、玉米淀粉和金银花提取液,搅拌至混合均匀,形成高吸湿保湿整理剂;
(3)将步骤(1)制备的细纤维化的蚕丝纤维室温晾干后浸渍于步骤(2)制备的高吸湿保湿整理剂中完全润湿,取出烘干,再浸渍于丝素蛋白水溶液中,取出,去除表面多余的溶液,最后用乙醇水蒸汽处理定型,水洗干燥得到高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高吸湿保湿整理剂中组分,按重量份计,包括:低分子量的壳聚糖5-15份、海藻酸钠3-7份、玉米淀粉2-8份、金银花1-5份和去离子水50-80份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,氯化钙溶液的浓度为2-4%,溶胀的温度为70-80℃,溶胀的时间为5-15min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,细纤维化的蚕丝纤维的原纤化程度为20-35%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,低分子量的壳聚糖的脱乙酰度为85-95%,低分子量的壳聚糖溶液中壳聚糖的质量分数不高于5%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,海藻酸钠溶液中海藻酸钠的质量分数不高于3%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,浸渍的温度为25-30℃,浸渍的时间不低于10min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,烘干和干燥的温度为60-70℃。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种高吸湿保湿性的改性蚕丝纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,乙醇水蒸汽的体积比为1:1,处理时间为10-30min。
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