CN108655151A - House refuse and the three-step combined clean treatment method of biomass thermal technique - Google Patents
House refuse and the three-step combined clean treatment method of biomass thermal technique Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of three-step combined clean treatment method of thermal process, the method includes following three step successively：(1) absolutely anaerobism heat treatment；(2) catalytic pyrolysis；(3) microbial degradation.The method of the present invention makes house refuse to solve the problems, such as environmental pollution and the wasting of resources in existing house refuse and biomass processes, especially with three-step combined facture technique, the processing of biomass achievees the purpose that no benzene class and its derivative (especially bioxin) generates.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to house refuses and biomass processes technical field, and in particular to a kind of house refuse and biomass thermal
The three-step combined clean treatment method of technique.
Background technology
Rubbish is the solid waste generated in mankind's daily life and production.Especially house refuse, due to discharge rate
Greatly, complicated component is various, and with pollution, resource and social, needs innoxious, recycling, minimizing and socialization
Processing.It cannot such as deal carefully with, just pollute the environment, influence environmental sanitation, waste of resource is destroyed production and living safety, destroyed
Social harmony.Current widely applied waste disposal method is sanitary landfills, During High-Temperature Composting and burning (heat treatment).
In addition, China is a large agricultural country, cultivated area has been more than 1,800,000,000 mu, has abundant stalk amount to generate every year.
According to investigations, 2009, national agricultural crop straw theoretical resources amount was 8.20 hundred million tons (air-drying, water content 15%).From kind
It sees, straw is about 2.05 hundred million tons, reasonable by the 25% of stock number；Wheat straw is 1.50 hundred million tons, accounts for 18.3%；Corn stalk is 2.65 hundred million
Ton, accounts for 32.3%；Cotton stalk is 25,840,000 tons, accounts for 3.2%；Oil crops stalk (predominantly rape and peanut) is 37,370,000 tons,
Account for 4.6%；Beans stalk is 27,260,000 tons, accounts for 3.3%；Potato stalk is 22,430,000 tons, accounts for 2.7%.The biology of such flood tide
Matter stalk is utilized due to not good technology, is still largely discarded and burning disposal.It not only causes painful
The wasting of resources also gives the deterioration of environment (air, water quality and soil) to bring immeasurable influence.
China at this stage either house refuse or biomass heat treatment (burn, gasification, pyrolysis, destructive distillation) process
In, all environmental pollutions of various degrees.Wherein, institute's discharge harmful such as VOCs, POPs etc. possess very strong toxicity
Harm, the toxicity of such as 2,3,7,8- tetrachloro dibenzo Dui bioxin, which is up to every ounce (i.e. 28.35 grams), can poison 1,000,000 people with poison.
In addition, treatment technology at this stage there is also product yields low, deficiency in economic performance, the objective problem of product marketing difference.
In China at this stage for environmental requirement increasingly strict today, how to accomplish that house refuse and biomass are real
Harmless processing, energy processing, economization processing are a problem to be solved.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of three-step combined clean treatment methods of thermal process, to solve existing life rubbish
Environmental pollution and the problem of the wasting of resources in rubbish and biomass processes, makes life rubbish especially with three-step combined facture technique
The processing of rubbish, biomass achievees the purpose that no benzene class and its derivative (especially bioxin) generate.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that a kind of house refuse and biomass thermal technique are three-step combined clean
Net processing method, the method include following three step successively：(1) absolutely anaerobism heat treatment；(2) catalytic pyrolysis；(3) micro-
It is biodegradable.(referring to Fig. 1)
In the following, being described as follows for each step：
(1) absolutely anaerobism heat treatment：It is shown by invention personal data, biomass or house refuse (are burned, gas in thermal process
Change, destructive distillation, pyrolysis) its oxygen content and the most virose pollutant content of dioxin of generation are exponentially increased pass in the process
System, i.e. anoxybiotic thermal process (gasification, destructive distillation, pyrolysis) generate content of dioxin (to be had on the market with half burning gasification process
Vaporous form) generate content of dioxin ratio be 1:22190；It is 1 with the ratio for generating content of dioxin is burned:
196206.So the advantages of absolute anaerobism heat treatment process is that most virose object in pollutant can be greatly reduced
The generation of matter --- bioxin, but disadvantage is it is also obvious that reduce the span of control limit of control of other pollutants, and can not hinder completely
The generation of Zhi bioxin.
(2) catalytic pyrolysis：For Deep Catalytic Cracking process, it can be described as most effective to benzene class and long-chain constituents
The means of removal, usually normal work when processing capacity be 86% or more, but its disadvantage be high density pollution object remove when, be easy
Generate carbon distribution, poisoning phenomena such as so as to cause inactivation, and cannot 100% removal pollutant.
(3) microbial degradation：Microbial technology is most popular rubbish and biomass processes skill in the world at this stage
Art.Its specific advantage includes 100% removal that can accomplish to pollutant, and without other consuming energy etc.；Its defect also ten
It is clearly demarcated aobvious, including to be not easy excessively high, removal rate slow etc. for remover concentration.
Three step sort bies of three-step combined clean treatment method of the invention are as follows as a result,：
1. with to pollutant processing capacity or rejection ability from the point of view of, physical method --- absolute anaerobism heat treatment has the most
Effect, is come the intractability of two steps after the first step can mitigate, and has both the effect of protection subsequent step；Chemical method ---
Catalytic pyrolysis treatment effeciency is in centre, on the one hand being arranged in second step can make all contaminants obtain maximum in this step
The degradation of degree can additionally play the role of that microorganism in subsequent step is protected not poisoned with poison by the pollutant of excessive concentrations；
Its processing capacity of biological method --- microbial degradation is minimum and required processing time longest, this step are adapted to handle completely
The untreated microscale harmful substance arrived, best results in first two steps.
2. from the point of view of the residue to pollutant process, physical method --- absolute anaerobism is heat-treated its residue residue most
More, coming the first step can ensure that the residual contaminants of escape can also be handled by other steps；Chemical method --- it urges
The pollutant residual for changing cracking is in by-level, is arranged in second step and is degraded that (pollutant reduces a number to pollutant
Magnitude) after, amounts of residual contamination still can be walked using third and be handled；At its pollutant of biological method --- microbial degradation
100% can be reached on reason efficiency theory, so in final step check on makes pollutant catabolic gene reach complete treatment effect.
Absolute anaerobism heat treatment
Further, using absolute anaerobism feeder when the absolute anaerobism heat treatment of step (1) is included in furnace body charging
Step and in furnace body heat supply use absolute anaerobism heat treatment process, wherein the absolute anaerobism feeder include squeeze fill
It sets and protective gas displacement apparatus.
It is required according to feeder, selected feeder needs two aspect structure features：First aspect is with extruding
Device, the purpose is to remove contained air in material (biomass or house refuse)；Second part is protective gas displacement dress
Set, the purpose is to will after extruding residual air displacement is clean in material, to have the function that real starvation.Protect gas
Body generally recommends carbon dioxide gas, but also possible with nitrogen or other inert gases.
Further, the pressure of pressurizing unit should be not less than 0.5MPa, such as 0.5-2.5MPa or its pressure should make
Material before extrusion after volume ratio be not less than 4:1, such as 4:1 to 8:1；The protective gas being passed through in protective gas displacement apparatus
The ratio of volume and volume of material is not less than 5:1, such as 5:1 to 10:1.
Above-mentioned two aspects structure feature is indispensable：If lacking pressurizing unit, it will cause protective gas displacement apparatus
Displacement efficiency is poor, and protective gas usage amount is big, the high defect of cost；It can be made if lacking protective gas displacement apparatus
At two kinds of possible outcomes, first is not thorough for oxygen-barrier, cannot play and answer effective, second is required pressurizing unit
Height causes electric cost increase and the situation bad due to will appear heat conduction in subsequent technique caused by excessive extrusion.
Further, the absolute anaerobism heat treatment process can be selected from microwave processes, plasma-treating technology
Or one kind in three kinds of heat exchange method treatment process, wherein more preferably heat exchange method treatment process.
Microwave processes and plasma-treating technology are at this stage for biomass or this waste of house refuse
For be more expensive processing mode, in contrast, heat exchange method treatment process achieved in terms of cost and treatment effeciency compared with
Good balance.Therefore, heat exchange method treatment process is mainly used in the method for the present invention.
Further, the heat exchange method treatment process includes that perfect dielectric heat exchange and medium-two kinds of partition mixed heat transfer change
Heat pattern, the type of furnace used in both heat exchange patterns includes multiple hearth furnace, rotary kiln and gasification furnace.
I, using multiple hearth furnace as the type of furnace of representative
One, perfect dielectric heat exchange pattern
The edge of every layer of furnace body cavity generally 2-6 ventholes of setting, high temperature Jie is passed directly by venthole into stove
Matter, high-temperature medium are flowed up with structure in the stove, and (referring to Fig. 2) finally is discharged by furnace roof gas outlet collective.Its high temperature is situated between
The ingredient of matter includes：1. pyrolysis and destructive distillation high-temperature combustible gas；Or 2. temperature gasification and high combustible gas+gasifying agent component.
How much high-temperature combustible gas is calculated according to heating parameter, and specific formula for calculation is as follows：
LCycle=[(QCombustion gas-QRaw material)×SRaw material+QStove loses-LGasifying agent×CGasifying agent×(TBegin-TEventually)]÷[CCombustion gas×(TBegin-TEventually)]
LCycleIndicate high-temperature combustible gas unit interval internal circulating load；
QCombustion gasIndicate product gas (cyclic high-temperature combustible gas) higher calorific value；
QRaw materialIndicate raw material (house refuse or biomass) higher calorific value；
SRaw materialIndicate unit interval raw material disposal amount；
QStove losesIndicate unit interval furnace body heat loss amount；
LGasifying agentIndicate unit interval gasifying agent addition；
CGasifying agentIndicate gasifying agent specific heat capacity；
TBeginIndicate high-temperature medium charging temperature；
TEventuallyIndicate gas tapping temperature；
CCombustion gasIndicate product gas (cyclic high-temperature combustible gas) specific heat capacity.
Two, medium-partition mixed heat transfer pattern
(referring to Fig. 3) in multiple hearth furnace class type of furnace septate heat transfer pattern, ready-made largely changed since the multiple hearth furnace class type of furnace possesses
Hot platform does contact heat-exchanging and radiation heat transfer so high-temperature flue gas is passed through heat exchange platform using existing heat exchange platform.
Medium-partition mixed heat transfer pattern is that cyclic high-temperature combustible gas provides heat to technique stove simultaneously with high-temperature flue gas
The mode (can be considered that Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 exist simultaneously operation) of amount, the heat exchange pattern use hot-blast stove, and the heat-supplying mode of hot-blast stove
It is divided into two kinds of heat-supplying modes of electrical heating and fuel heat supply.Wherein,
Heat-exchanging process process when using electrical heating hot-blast stove is following (referring to Fig. 4)：
The first step makes hot wind outlet of still high-temperature flue gas reach 1000 DEG C~1600 DEG C；
Second step makes high-temperature flue gas first carry out septate heat transfer to technique stove；
Third walks, and the high-temperature flue gas after the completion of exchanging heat is passed through high-temperature heat-exchanging and is changed as heat source medium and high-temperature medium
Heat, the high-temperature flue gas after the completion of exchanging heat, which returns in hot-blast stove, re-starts cycle；And the high-temperature medium for going out high-temperature heat-exchanging is direct
It is passed through in technique stove and carries out heat supply and reaction；
4th step, the interior high-temperature medium for participating in reaction of technique stove is exported from technique furnace gases to be discharged, a portion conduct
Product combustion gas enter next workshop section, another part enter in high-temperature heat-exchanging serve as subsequent cycle high-temperature medium give furnace body supply
Heat.
In second step, for septate heat transfer, the bigger required heat exchange area of cold and hot temperature difference is smaller；Work as heat-transfer surface
One timing of product, heat exchange efficiency are higher.
In one embodiment, in the 4th step, from the high-temperature medium of the participation reaction of technique furnace gases outlet discharge
Another part in be also passed through gasifying agent, and enter the high-temperature medium that subsequent cycle is served as in high-temperature heat-exchanging.
Further, when using fuel for hot-blast stove, the technical process recycled to hot-blast stove is following (referring to figure
5)：
The high-temperature flue gas of cycle is divided into two parts flue gas of unit interval equal volume, each leads into hot wind by the first step
In stove economizer and hot-blast stove；
Second step exchanges heat into the high-temperature flue gas in hot-blast stove economizer with air needed for burning, after the completion of heat exchange
Low-temperature flue gas enter flue gas purification system, emptied after the completion of purification；The heat exchange that air passes through hot-blast stove economizer needed for burning
Become high temperature air to be passed through in hot-blast stove；
Third walks, and fuel and high temperature air burn in hot-blast stove and carry out mending temperature to the cyclic high-temperature flue gas in hot-blast stove,
The high-temperature flue gas for reaching set temperature is finally passed through progress process cycles use in technique stove.
In addition, for electrical heating hot-blast stove, since fuel is ceaselessly generating new high temperature cigarette for hot-blast stove
Gas, so needing the high-temperature flue gas circulatory system also to discharge equal volume flue gas outward, to keep system balancing.
Its high-temperature flue gas internal circulating load and high-temperature combustible gas internal circulating load calculation formula are：
LCigarette recycles=[(QCombustion gas-QRaw material)×SRaw material+QSystem is lost]÷[CFlue gas×(TGo out-TEnter)]
LCycle=[(QCombustion gas-QRaw material)×SRaw material+QSystem is lost-LGasifying agent×CGasifying agent×(TBegin-TEventually)-QSeptate heat transfer amount]÷[C
Combustion gas×(TBegin-TEventually)]
LCigarette recyclesIndicate that high-temperature flue gas needed for technique recycles total amount；
LCycleIndicate cyclic high-temperature combustible gas unit interval internal circulating load；
QCombustion gasIndicate product gas (cyclic high-temperature combustible gas) higher calorific value；
QRaw materialIndicate raw material (house refuse or biomass) higher calorific value；
SRaw materialIndicate unit interval raw material disposal amount；
QStove losesIndicate unit interval furnace body heat loss amount；
LGasifying agentIndicate unit interval gasifying agent addition；
CGasifying agentIndicate gasifying agent specific heat capacity；
TBeginIndicate high-temperature medium charging temperature；
TEventuallyIndicate gas tapping temperature；
CCombustion gasIndicate product gas (cyclic high-temperature combustible gas) specific heat capacity；
TGo outIndicate that circulating flue gas goes out hot-blast furnace temperature；
TEnterIndicate that circulating flue gas enters hot-blast furnace temperature；
QSeptate heat transfer amountFlue gas is indicated by the total amount in the septate heat transfer unit interval, calculation formula is that common thermal conduction study is public
Formula.
II, using rotary kiln as the type of furnace of representative
It is the type of furnace of representative in addition to medium heat supply and septate heat transfer form are different from multiple hearth furnace using rotary kiln, technological process
With calculation formula etc. all same.To those skilled in the art, it is easy according to previously described multiple hearth furnace type
The mode processes step that exchanges heat and calculation formula, and common sense in the field is combined, obtain corresponding technological process and specific calculating side
Method.To avoid repeating, only media for heat exchange and septate heat transfer mode are described briefly below.
One, media for heat exchange
(1) high-temperature medium is passed directly into stove to side direction from material inlet, high-temperature medium is with structure in the stove to object
Expect Way in flowing, (referring to Fig. 6) is finally discharged by stove gas outlet collective；Or
(2) it is passed through high-temperature medium into stove from the direction of material inlet, high-temperature medium is with structure in the stove to the gas of stove tail portion
Body export direction flows, and (referring to Fig. 7) finally is discharged by stove gas outlet collective.
Two, septate heat transfer
(1) it is divided into left and right two parts by boundary of gear wheel, respectively increases an outer tube wall in the two-part outside in left and right, pass through
The entrance of respective outer tube wall is passed through high-temperature medium, and (referring to Fig. 8) is exported by outlet after heat exchange.
III, using gasification furnace as the type of furnace of representative
It is the type of furnace of representative in addition to medium heat supply and septate heat transfer form are different from multiple hearth furnace using gasification furnace, technological process
With calculation formula etc. all same.To those skilled in the art, it is easy according to previously described multiple hearth furnace type
The mode processes step that exchanges heat and calculation formula, and common sense in the field is combined, obtain corresponding technological process and specific calculating side
Method.To avoid repeating, only media for heat exchange and septate heat transfer mode are described briefly below.
One, media for heat exchange
(1) it is passed directly into high-temperature medium into stove from furnace bottom high-temperature medium entrance, high-temperature medium is with structure in the stove to furnace roof
Direction is flowed, and (referring to Fig. 9) finally is discharged by stove gas outlet collective.
Two, septate heat transfer
(1) it comes into existence housing furnace body in stove high-temperature medium entrance top horizontal position, high-temperature medium is from the bottom end of housing
Entrance flows into, and flows out (referring to Figure 10) after completing heat exchange from top export.
Catalytic pyrolysis
The catalysis of step (2) in house refuse of the present invention and the three-step combined clean treatment method of biomass thermal technique is split
For solution, 1~6 kind of catalyst can be used to carry out catalytic cracking reaction to crude product gas.The selection of catalyst is to be based on catalyst
The following function that should have：Performing catalytic pyrolysis on tar；The reaction of catalysis carbon distribution generation cloth flower (Boudouard Reaction, also known as
Boudouard reaction, carbon thrombolytic agents or gasification reaction, reaction equation CO2+ C=2CO) and water gas reaction；Catalysis
Benzene structure adds hydrogen；It is catalyzed ring molecule fracture；It is catalyzed C4Above long-chain molecule fracture etc., i.e., the described catalyst includes：Tar is split
Solution action catalysts, the reaction of cloth flower and water gas reaction catalyst, benzene structure hydrogenation catalyst, catalysis ring molecule fracture are urged
Agent and C4The above long-chain molecule is broken catalyst.
Select multi-catalyst joint except benzene includes following characteristics：
1. coke tar cracking action catalysts need to be in first position, can be selected from following catalyst：It is recessed
Convex stick stone and its metal supported catalyst, dolomite and its metal supported catalyst, lime stone and its metal supported catalyst, work
Property charcoal and its metal supported catalyst etc..It is required that its to be in the reason of first position as follows：Tar exists easy in integrated artistic
Blocking pipeline causes catalyst carbon deposition and inactivates, and the problem of corrosion pipeline, can be given after the first step is processed to follow-up
Catalytic unit reduces burden in technique；
2. sulfur resistive anti-carbon ingredient should all be contained in each stage catalyst.The sulfur resistive anti-carbon ingredient can be selected from and urge
Sodium, potassium, magnesium metal or its compound loaded in agent raw material；
3. benzene structure hydrogenation catalyst is preferably nickel-base catalyst, copper-based catalysts and aluminium-based catalyst or its mixing
Object；
4. catalytic unit does not exceed 6 grades, more than 6 grades after can cause to need additionally to supplement temperature and pipe pressure etc., cause
Excessive power drain；
5. Catalytic processes must assure that and be carried out under 0.1~2MPa pressure.
Microbial degradation
The gas for going out cat-cracker leads to after the processing step of heat-exchanger rig cooling and other purifiers
Enter biology except benzene column is washed.Biology removes the optional integrated scrubbing tower (or drop filter tower) of benzene column, and absorption and life also can be selected
Object degradation separate type Double-Tower Structure, but must comply with following principle：
1. removing benzene column using biology, it is desirable that spray particle diameter is 0.5~10 μm, and spray tower at least possesses three sections of spraying layers, if
The meter residence time cannot be less than 20s (such as 20s-100s), and in packing layer filler masterbatch need to contain 5% or more (such as
The oleophylic filler of 15% or more (such as 15%-25%) is mixed in lipophilic ingredient or filler 5%-15%).
2. biology is except also needing addition microorganism to remove benzene microbial inoculum in benzene column, the microorganism is selected from following 13 kinds of bacterium except benzene microbial inoculum
Kind.Following 13 kinds of strains can be bought in national strain library (CGMCC, ACCC) if no condition voluntarily enterprise of breeding species
It is used cooperatively, also can carry out plus-minus appropriate on the basis of this 13 kinds of Community compositions according to actual conditions certainly.13 kinds
Strain group title is as follows：
| Systematic name |
| Autochthonal rod method (Alternaria humicola) |
| Aspergillus awamori (Aspergillus awamori) |
| Aspergillus flavus (Aspergillus flavus) |
| Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) |
| Aspergillus terreus (Aspergillus terreus) |
| Aspergillus ustus (Aspergillus ustus) |
| Wu Zhi (Amauroderma rugosum) |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluorescens) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) |
| Solve chitin class bacillus (Paenibacillus chitinolyticus) |
| Salmon color Nocard's bacillus (Nocardia salmonicolor) |
| Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes (Alcaligenes faecalis) |
| Yarrowia lipolytica (Yarrowia lipolytica) |
3. it is noted that when entire biology carries out the total volume operation of spray liquid except benzene column, minimum must not exceed selected
The 70% of the bacterial strain treating capacity limit, maximum cannot be less than the 60% of selected bacterial strain processing minimum value.Original is because if spray volume
When designing too small, bacterial strain is difficult to complete decomposition, and the absorption of benzene class and its derivative can be caused to be easy to reach capacity or extremely in this way
Under the conditions of can make absorbed benzene class and its derivative can return in gas phase, cause the accident of endless hypersorption；And if
When spray volume design is excessive, microbes degeneration, suspend mode or death, such case for being chronically at nutritional deficiency are more held
Easily cause the accident of endless hypersorption.
4. in production process, once there is the case where strain is difficult to survive, should be supplemented in time into solution few
The benzene sulfonic acid substance of amount meets the above strain metabolic demand.
The method of the present invention has the following advantages that：
1, problem of environmental pollution in existing house refuse and biomass processes is solved.It is required according to the above three-step approach to design
Technique can make benzene and its derivative in project actual production be truly realized zero-emission.
2, problem of resource waste in existing house refuse and biomass processes is solved.Product yield can be increased, improve warp
Ji benefit widens product marketing.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the technological process signal of house refuse of the present invention and the three-step combined clean treatment method of biomass thermal technique
Figure.
Fig. 2 is multiple hearth furnace class type of furnace perfect dielectric heat exchange pattern diagram in an example of the present invention embodiment.
Fig. 3 is multiple hearth furnace class type of furnace septate heat transfer pattern diagram in an example of the present invention embodiment.
Fig. 4 is to be added using electricity in medium-partition mixed heat transfer pattern when the present invention is exchanged heat using the multiple hearth furnace class type of furnace
The process flow diagram of hot-blast stove.
Fig. 5 is to use fuel in medium-partition mixed heat transfer pattern when the present invention is exchanged heat using the multiple hearth furnace class type of furnace
The process flow diagram that hot-blast stove is recycled when for hot-blast stove.
Fig. 6 is high-temperature medium flow direction signal when being exchanged heat using rotary kiln in an example of the present invention embodiment
Figure.
Fig. 7 is high-temperature medium flow direction signal when being exchanged heat using rotary kiln in another exemplary implementation scheme of the invention
Figure.
Fig. 8 is high-temperature medium flow direction signal when being exchanged heat using rotary kiln in another exemplary implementation scheme of the invention
Figure.
Fig. 9 is high-temperature medium flow direction signal when being exchanged heat using gasification furnace in an example of the present invention embodiment
Figure.
Figure 10 is that high-temperature medium flow direction is shown when being exchanged heat using gasification furnace in another exemplary implementation scheme of the invention
It is intended to.
Figure 11 is the technological process of the three-step combined clean treatment method of house refuse thermal process in one embodiment of the invention
Schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
Embodiment 1
It is the process flow diagram of the three-step combined clean treatment method of house refuse thermal process referring to Figure 11.Example is carried on the back
Scape：Domestic waste gasification projects, treatment scale 20t/d.Material enters the common life that stove group is divided into after building waste
Rubbish.
It is operated according to flow shown in Figure 11：
(1) absolutely anaerobism heat treatment step parameter is as follows：
1. absolute anaerobism feeder：First part's pressurizing unit, is designed as 4:Volume ratio before and after 1 extruding；Second part
Protective gas displacement apparatus, it is 5 that design protection gas, which is passed through volume with volume of material ratio,:1.
2. absolute anaerobism heat treatment process.Select medium-partition mixed heat transfer.It exchanges heat according to above-mentioned technique
Flow.
(2) catalytic pyrolysis, Deep Catalytic Cracking process select catalyst described above, Catalytic processes to ensure to press in 0.7MPa
It is carried out under power.
(3) microbial degradation-biology removes benzene column, except benzene column selects absorption and biodegradable separate type Double-Tower Structure,
1. being 0.5 μm except benzene column requires spray particle diameter, spray tower possesses three sections of spraying layers, and the design residence time is 25s, and
And the oleophylic of 15% or more (20%) is mixed in the lipophilic ingredient or filler that filler masterbatch contains 5% or more (8%) in packing layer
Filler.Wherein lipophilic ingredient selects resin, oleophylic filler to select montmorillonite.
It is the full bacterium colony of aforementioned 13 kinds of floras 2. biology is except microorganism is also added except benzene microbial inoculum in benzene column.
3. the total volume of spray liquid is the 65% of the selected flora treating capacity limit when entire Deethanizer design.
It is as follows that this case often walks pollutant residual effect：
1. bioxin amount is minimum 0.004ng/g after first step gas goes out gasification furnace, bioxin contains in equivalent combustible gas
Amount is 4.44ng/Nm3。
2. second step passes through total concentration≤0.66ng/ of the containing benezenes substances such as bioxin in combustion gas after Deep Catalytic Cracking process section
Nm3。
3. third step is 1060.606 by its gas-water ratio of absorption tower:The contaminant water of 0.7mg/l is made after 1, and continuous
It monitors within 72 hours, as a result shows and be free of any benzene class and its derivative species nuisance (including bioxin) in combustible gas, utilize bacterium
Kind in biology except 7 hours design residence times in benzene column, detect tower water body, find also to be free of in water body solution any benzene class and
Its derivative species nuisance (including bioxin).
Although above having used general explanation and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, at this
On the basis of invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore,
These modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of house refuse and the three-step combined clean treatment method of biomass thermal technique, which is characterized in that the method is successively
Including following three step：(1) absolutely anaerobism heat treatment；(2) catalytic pyrolysis；(3) microbial degradation.
2. processing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the absolute anaerobism heat treatment of step (1) is included in stove
Body feed when use absolute anaerobism feeder the step of and in furnace body heat supply use absolute anaerobism heat treatment process, wherein
The absolute anaerobism feeder includes pressurizing unit and protective gas displacement apparatus.
3. processing method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the pressure of the pressurizing unit is not less than 0.5MPa,
Or its pressure should make material before extrusion after volume ratio be not less than 4:1；The guarantor being passed through in the protective gas displacement apparatus
The ratio for protecting gas volume and volume of material is not less than 5:1.
4. processing method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the absolute anaerobism heat treatment process is selected from microwave
Science and engineering skill, plasma-treating technology or heat exchange method treatment process.
5. processing method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the heat exchange method treatment process includes that perfect dielectric changes
Heat and medium-partition mixed heat transfer, the type of furnace used in both heat exchange patterns includes multiple hearth furnace, rotary kiln and gasification furnace.
6. processing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the catalytic pyrolysis of step (2) uses 1~6 kind of catalysis
Agent carries out catalytic cracking reaction to crude product gas；The catalyst includes：Coke tar cracking action catalysts, the reaction of cloth flower and water
Coal gas catalysts, benzene structure hydrogenation catalyst, catalysis ring molecule fracture catalyst and C4The above long-chain molecule fracture
Catalyst.
7. processing method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the coke tar cracking action catalysts are in first
It sets, is selected from following catalyst：Attapulgite and its metal supported catalyst, dolomite and its carried metal catalysis
Agent, lime stone and its metal supported catalyst, activated carbon and its metal supported catalyst.
8. processing method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the benzene structure hydrogenation catalyst is nickel catalyst
Or mixtures thereof agent, copper-based catalysts and aluminium-based catalyst.
9. processing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that removed using biology in the microbial degradation of step (3)
Benzene column, spray particle diameter are 0.5~10 μm, and spray tower at least possesses three sections of spraying layers, and the design residence time is not less than 20s, and
Filler masterbatch contains the oleophylic filler of 15% or more mixing in 5% or more lipophilic ingredient or filler in packing layer.
10. processing method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the biology is removed except also adding microorganism in benzene column
Benzene microbial inoculum, the microorganism are selected from following 13 kinds of strains except benzene microbial inoculum：Autochthonal rod method (Alternaria humicola), bubble
Contain aspergillus (Aspergillus awamori), aspergillus flavus (Aspergillus flavus), aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus
Oryzae), Aspergillus terreus (Aspergillus terreus), aspergillus ustus (Aspergillus ustus), Wu Zhi
(Amauroderma rugosum), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluorescens), Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(Pseudomonas aeruginosa), solution chitin class bacillus (Paenibacillus chitinolyticus), salmon
Color Nocard's bacillus (Nocardia salmonicolor), Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes (Alcaligenes faecalis) and/or solution fat
Family name's yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica).
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| CN112575227A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-03-30 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-silicon nickel-based alloy cold-rolled sheet |
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