CN108643938B - Smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure of deep coal mine tunnel and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure of deep coal mine tunnel and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108643938B CN108643938B CN201810560850.5A CN201810560850A CN108643938B CN 108643938 B CN108643938 B CN 108643938B CN 201810560850 A CN201810560850 A CN 201810560850A CN 108643938 B CN108643938 B CN 108643938B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009537 plain noodles Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G1/00—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground
- E04G1/02—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground composed essentially of members elongated in one dimension only, e.g. poles, lattice masts, with or without end portions of special form, connected together by any means
- E04G1/04—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground composed essentially of members elongated in one dimension only, e.g. poles, lattice masts, with or without end portions of special form, connected together by any means the members being exclusively poles, rods, beams, or other members of similar form and simple cross-section
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a coal mine deep well roadway smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure, which comprises: the bottom plate is a cuboid thin plate and is paved along the length direction of the roadway; the scaffold is erected on the bottom plate and used for providing support; the arch bones are arch-shaped and supported by the scaffold in the direction of the trend of the cross section of the roadway; the template is arranged between the arch bone and the surface of the roadway, and the lower surface of the template is abutted against the outer side surface of the arch bone; the technical scheme of the invention is an active supporting method for controlling surrounding rock deformation of a deep well roadway, and is particularly suitable for the deep well roadway with complex coal seam structure and weak rock stratum crack development. The supporting method adopts the vertical formwork to spray the arch, has no rebound material, saves materials and cost, reduces the labor intensity of the workers in the early stage construction and the later stage maintenance, and realizes the quality standardization of the mine tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of roadway support, and particularly relates to a coal mine deep well roadway smooth surface shotcrete support method suitable for deep well roadways with complex coal seam structures and weak rock stratum crack development.
Background
The deformation of surrounding rock of the roadway is effectively controlled, the roadway is ensured to be safe and smooth, and the method is a primary condition for safe production of mine. In western regions, large buried mines are less common, coal seam structures are more complex, cracks develop, and different from geological conditions in other regions, the data which can be referenced are less. After deep mining, the phenomena of high ground stress, severe mining influence, soft surrounding rock structure and development of fracture structure can occur. Adopting a fully-mechanized excavation construction process, an anchor net spraying and anchor cable supporting mode, and being poor in tunnel forming and uneven in stress; the roadway is large in water spraying, the spraying slurry is easy to fall off, and the roadway forming construction progress is seriously affected. The periphery of the anchor rod (rope) hole is large in water spraying, the failure period is long, the spraying slurry is easy to fall off, the effect is still poor after repeated spraying for a plurality of times, and the rebound rate is up to 50%; the effect of sealing the rock surface by spraying can not be achieved, and the requirements of mine quality standardization and production progress can not be met. The roadway is in a state of uneven stress for a long time; meanwhile, a series of potential safety hazards such as serious dust pollution, poor operation environment, heavy labor intensity of workers, slurry falling off of a top plate and the like exist in the slurry spraying period.
Therefore, the research of the deep well roadway support method and the construction process thereof under the western deep mine burying condition is very significant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a coal mine deep well roadway smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure and a construction method thereof. The technical scheme of the invention is an active supporting method for controlling surrounding rock deformation of a deep well roadway, and is particularly suitable for the deep well roadway with complex coal seam structure and weak rock stratum crack development. The supporting method adopts the vertical formwork to spray the arch, has no rebound material, saves materials and cost, reduces the labor intensity of the workers in the early stage construction and the later stage maintenance, and realizes the quality standardization of the mine tunnel.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
preferably, the smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure of the deep coal mine roadway comprises:
the bottom plate is a cuboid thin plate and is paved along the length direction of the roadway;
the scaffold is erected on the bottom plate and used for providing support;
the arch bones are arch-shaped and supported by the scaffold in the direction of the trend of the cross section of the roadway;
the template is arranged between the arch bone and the surface of the roadway, and the lower surface of the template is abutted against the outer side surface of the arch bone;
and the concrete is sprayed in a gap between the upper surface of the template and the surface of the roadway and is used for forming a smooth surface sprayed concrete supporting structure.
As described above, the smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure for a deep coal mine tunnel, preferably, the scaffold comprises:
and (3) a cross bar: the cross rod is positioned below the arch part of the arch bone, and two ends of the cross rod are respectively abutted against the inner side surface of the upper part of the arch bone;
and (3) standing bars: the vertical rod is connected to the cross rod and is perpendicular to the cross rod in a crossing way, the lower end of the vertical rod is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the upper end of the vertical rod is abutted against the inner side surface of the arch part of the arch bone;
diagonal bracing: the diagonal braces are connected to the cross rod and the vertical rods through iron wires, one end of each diagonal brace is abutted against the inner side surface of the arch part of each arch bone, and the other end of each diagonal brace is fixed on the bottom plate;
large plate: the large plate is erected on the cross rod and used as an operation platform for construction;
preferably, the scaffold layer is 0.5-1.5m in height;
still preferably, the scaffold layer is 1m in height, the spacing between a plurality of transverse rods is 1m, and the spacing between a plurality of upright rods is 1m;
still preferably, the inclined strut forms an angle of 60 ° with the base plate.
The smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure of the deep coal mine roadway preferably further comprises:
the wood support is arranged between the outer side surface of the arch bone and the surface of the roadway and is used for supporting and stabilizing the arch bone;
preferably, the arch bone in arch shape consists of two sections of vertical side parts and two sections of arc arch parts; still preferably, the two sections of the upper parts are straight walls with the height of 1.8 m; the two sections of arch parts are all arcs with the length of 4.428m, and the two sections of arc parts are combined together to form the arch of the arch bone;
still preferably, the arch skeleton is provided with a spacing of 1m.
According to the smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure for the deep coal mine tunnel, preferably, the left side of the lower part of the scaffold is provided with a travelling space, and the right side of the lower part of the scaffold is provided with a belt space;
preferably, the width x height of the belt passing space=1.5×1.2m, and the width x height of the driving space=2.5×2.2m.
Preferably, the construction method of the smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure of the deep coal mine roadway comprises the following steps of:
step one, construction preparation: preparing a plurality of arches, and fixing the arches on the surface of a roadway through a steel bar drag hook;
preparing high-quality boards as templates, wherein the number of the boards is not less than the dosage of a roadway with the length of 10 m;
preparing a steel pipe, a fastener and a high-quality large plate for building a scaffold;
step two, standing die installation: before stabilizing the arch bones, firstly chiseling and leveling rooting points of the arch bones according to the middle waist line, then erecting a scaffold in a construction area, and arranging a sweeping rod so that the sweeping rod clings to a bottom plate, and reserving a belt conveyor, pedestrians and a passing channel space in the process of erecting the scaffold;
when the arch bone is stabilized, the arch is firstly erected and then arched, and is firmly connected by bolts in time, and the arch bone is fixed on the scaffold;
after the arch bones are well stabilized, the templates are symmetrically supported from bottom to top in sequence, and two ends of each template are fixed on the arch bones by iron wires;
step three, spray casting and demolding: spraying concrete by a slurry spraying machine, washing floating dust on the roadway side with clear water before operation, and spraying a spray head aiming at the rear of the template, wherein the slurry spraying is required to be performed continuously, in layers and symmetrically on two sides, and the height of each layer is 500-800 mm; after spraying is completed, the mould is removed at least after 8 hours, and personnel stand on the operation platform to remove the mould from top to bottom.
In the construction method for the smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure of the deep coal mine tunnel, preferably, in the first step, the high-quality wood boards are high-quality wood boards with delta 40 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 2000mm, and the number of the wood boards is not less than the usage amount of tunnels with the length of 10 m;
preferably, the steel bar drag hook is a steel bar drag hook with phi 18 mm.
In the construction method of the smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure of the deep coal mine roadway, preferably, in the second step, the scaffold is erected strictly according to the central line and closely to the inner side of the arch tire, the cross rod must extend to the upper and be abutted against, and the scaffold is internally provided with the inclined strut with an included angle of 60 degrees with the ground and abutted against the bottom plate;
preferably, the steel pipe for setting up the scaffold is a phi 48mm steel pipe, and the thickness of the high-quality large plate is 70mm.
In the construction method of the smooth surface sprayed concrete supporting structure of the deep coal mine roadway, preferably, in the third step, the strength grade of sprayed concrete is C20, and according to cement: yellow sand: crushed stone = 1:2:2, preparing, wherein the water-cement ratio is controlled to be 0.4-0.5, and the accelerator is uniformly added according to a proportion, and the mixing amount is 3% of the weight of the cement;
before construction, a large plate with delta of 70mm is closely paved above a pedestrian side and a belt to serve as an operation platform, and a 8# iron wire is used for binding and fixing a scaffold;
and preferably, during construction, brushing a layer of waste diesel oil on the surface of the template while keeping the template moist, so as to ensure that the later-stage template removal is convenient.
In the construction method for the smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure of the deep coal mine roadway, preferably, in the third step, the construction of spraying arches is sequentially carried out from east to west, 10m is one stubble, and plugs are arranged in front of and behind by adopting a scaffold and a wood pattern; the arch spraying section is sequentially carried out from the upper to the arch, and finally the top is sprayed, so that the gantry is convenient to close.
In the construction method for the smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure of the deep coal mine roadway, preferably, in the third step, the shotcrete machine is arranged at the rear part of the shotcrete construction site.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following excellent effects:
1. the technical scheme provided by the invention is beneficial to safe production, the tunnel is poured completely according to the arch, and the characteristics of uniform stress and pressure resistance of the arch tunnel are fully exerted. The stress concentration at local places can not occur, and the conditions of poor early-stage molding and uneven stress are improved. Meanwhile, the post maintenance engineering quantity is less, the safety is ensured, and the maintenance cost of the roadway is saved.
2. The technical scheme provided by the invention is beneficial to the quality standardization of mines, the construction is performed by adopting the method, the roadway has good observation quality, and the method is used as a development roadway for connecting a bottom-hole yard, thereby being beneficial to the development of quality standardization work on mines.
3. The technical proposal provided by the invention saves materials and cost, adopts the formwork to spray arches, has no rebound material, reduces the labor intensity of workers, and averagely saves sprayed concrete by 3.5m per meter 3 1.6t of cement, 4.1t of medium sand, 4.0t of broken stone and 60kg of accelerator are converted, and the total material cost is saved by 1261 yuan/meter; the workload of a mine transportation system is reduced, at least three transportation tanks are reduced, the cost is 3000 yuan/meter, and the total cost is 4261 yuan/meter.
4. The technical scheme provided by the invention is beneficial to civilization production, by adopting the method, the spraying slurry is closed, the pollution of the traditional spraying slurry to systems such as pipelines, belts and cables in a roadway is reduced, and the workload of workers for protecting the cables, the pipelines, the belts and the like is reduced.
5. The technical scheme provided by the invention is beneficial to an underground ventilation system, adopts a vertical mould to spray arches, has a smooth tunnel section and small ventilation resistance, is used as an underground main wind flow tunnel, greatly reduces wind flow resistance, reduces the starting power of a main fan and saves electric charge.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a deep well roadway construction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an arch setting up of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a sectional view of a scaffold setup and arch spraying according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. constructing a section contour line of a roadway; 2. designing a tunneling section contour line; 3. a tunnel center line; 4. an arch base line; 5. a curved arch section; 6. a straight line segment of the arch bone; 7. a bottom plate; 8. a cross bar; 9. a vertical rod; 10. diagonal bracing; 11. a template; 12. arch bone; 13. the driving space; 14. passing through the belt space; 15. the surface of the roadway; 16. and (3) concrete.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "coupled" and "connected" as used herein are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected or detachably connected; either directly or indirectly through intermediate components, the specific meaning of the terms being understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the embodiment of the invention provides a smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure of a deep coal mine tunnel and a construction method thereof, and the supporting method adopts a vertical formwork 11 to spray arches, has no rebound materials, saves materials and cost, reduces the labor intensity of early construction and later maintenance of workers, and realizes the quality standardization of the mine tunnel. The technical scheme provided by the invention can effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway, so that the roadway is kept safe and stable for a long time.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the smooth surface shotcrete 16 supporting structure of the deep coal mine roadway comprises: a bottom plate 7: the bottom plate 7 is a cuboid thin plate and is paved on the bottom surface of the roadway along the length direction of the roadway; the bottom plate 7 helps to ensure the stability of the whole construction foundation, and is also convenient for the unification of the standard sizes of the vertical rods of the scaffold.
Scaffold: the scaffolding is erected on the floor 7 for providing support.
Arch bone 12: the arch bone 12 is composed of a side part and an arch part, and the arch bone 12 is connected to the scaffold.
Template 11: the template 11 is cuboid, and the template 11 is connected to the arch bone 12 and is used for forming a smooth surface of the deep tunnel well sprayed concrete 16.
Wood support: the wooden support is arranged between the outer side of the arch bone 12 and the roadway surface 15 and is used for supporting and stabilizing the arch bone 12.
In a specific embodiment according to the invention, a scaffold comprises:
cross bar 8: the cross rod 8 is abutted against the upper part of the arch bone 12, and the cross rod 8 is abutted against the upper part of the arch bone 12 to ensure that the cross rod 8 provides a transverse supporting force for the arch bone 12, so that the arch bone 12 is easy to form, and the spacing between the cross rods 8 is 1m. The horizontal pole setting not only makes the outward appearance of scaffold frame seem more neat at a meter, still makes the atress of scaffold frame more even.
Pole setting 9: the upright posts 9 are closely attached to the inner sides of the arches 12, the upper ends of the upright posts 9 are abutted against the arches 12, the upright posts 9 are used for supporting the arches 12, and the spacing between the upright posts 9 is 1m. The arrangement of 1m is convenient for being matched and connected with a plurality of cross bars 8, and the arch part of the arch bone 12 is easier to form stably.
Diagonal bracing 10: one end of the diagonal brace 10 is abutted against the arch part of the arch bone 12, the upper end of the diagonal brace 10 is abutted against the arch part of the arch bone 12, the arch bone 12 is supported again, the other end of the diagonal brace is fixed on the bottom plate 7, the lower end of the diagonal brace 10 is installed in a seat through an installation seat reserved on the bottom plate 7, the disassembly work after the engineering is convenient to complete, the diagonal brace 10 is connected onto the cross rod 8 and the upright rod through iron wires, the iron wires are common binding wires in the engineering, and the binding wires are convenient to detach and can play a role of connecting and fixing.
Large plate: the large plate is erected on the cross bar 8, can be a high-quality bamboo plate or a plate made of other materials, and is paved on the cross bar 8 of the scaffold to serve as an operation platform for construction.
Preferably, the scaffold layer is 1m in height; still preferably, the diameter of the steel pipe for setting up the scaffold is 48mm; it is further preferred that the angle between the diagonal braces 10 and the floor 7 is 60.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the arch bones 12 are tied together with the scaffold through 12# iron wires; the template 11 is fixed to the arch bone 12 with a 14# iron wire (14 # iron wire). The cross bar 8 of the scaffold is connected with the upright bar 9 through a special fastener, and the special fastener is used for disassembling the cheap scaffold. The upper part of the arch bone 12 is provided with two sections, and the two sections of upper parts are straight walls with the height of 1.8 m; the arch part of the arch bone 12 has two sections, the two sections of arch parts are all arcs with the length of 4.428m, the arch bone 12 is arranged into four sections, so that the transportation is convenient, and the arch bone is also convenient to better set up and assemble in the limited space of the roadway. Preferably, the arch bone 12 has 20 frames; still preferably, the arch 12 is erected at a spacing of 1m.
According to the concrete embodiment of the invention, the method for supporting the smooth surface shotcrete 16 of the deep coal mine roadway comprises the following steps:
step one, construction preparation: multiple arches 12 are prepared, and the arches 12 are fixed on the roadway surface 15 through a steel bar drag hook.
A high-quality wood board is prepared as the template 11, and the number of the wood boards is not less than 10m of the roadway amount.
Preparing steel pipes, fasteners and high-quality large plates for building scaffolds.
Step two, standing die installation: before stabilizing the arch rib 12, chiseling the root points of the footing of the arch rib 12 deep enough and leveling according to the middle waist line, then erecting a scaffold in a construction area, arranging a sweeping rod, tightly attaching the sweeping rod to the bottom plate 7, and reserving a belt conveyor, pedestrians and a passing channel space in the process of erecting the scaffold.
When the arch bone 12 is stabilized, the arch is firstly built and then arched, and is firmly connected by bolts in time, and the arch bone 12 is fixed on the scaffold.
After the arch bones 12 are well stabilized, the templates 11 are symmetrically supported in sequence from bottom to top, and two ends of each template 11 are fixed on the arch bones 12 by iron wires.
Step three, spray casting and demolding: the shotcrete 16 is sprayed by a spraying machine, floating dust on the roadway side is washed clean by clear water before operation, then a spray head is aimed at the rear of the template 11 to spray, and the spraying is required to be continuously, hierarchically and symmetrically carried out on two sides, and the height of each layer is 500-800 mm (such as 525mm, 550mm, 575mm, 600mm, 625mm, 650mm, 675mm, 700mm, 725mm, 750mm and 775 mm). After spraying is completed, the mould can be removed after at least 8 hours, and the personnel stand on the operation platform to remove the mould from top to bottom.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the first step, the high-quality wood board is a high-quality wood board of δ 40×200×2000mm (i.e., thickness×width×length=40 mm×200mm×2000 mm), and the number of wood boards is not less than the amount of 10m lanes; preferably, the steel bar drag hook is a steel bar drag hook with phi 18 mm.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the second step, in the process of setting up the scaffold, the upright posts are tightly set up against the inner side of the arch tire according to the central line, the cross bars 8 are required to extend to the upper and support tightly, and the diagonal braces 10 are arranged in the scaffold, have an included angle of 60 degrees with the ground and support tightly against the bottom plate 7.
Preferably, the steel pipe for setting up the scaffold is a phi 48mm steel pipe, and the thickness of the high-quality large plate is 70mm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the third step, the shotcrete machine for spraying the concrete 16 is a ZP-vii type shotcrete machine, and the sprayed concrete has a strength grade of C20, according to the cement: yellow sand: crushed stone = 1:2:2, the water-cement ratio is controlled to be 0.4-0.5 (such as 0.41, 0.42, 0.43, 0.44, 0.45, 0.46, 0.47, 0.48 and 0.49), and the accelerator is uniformly added according to a proportion, wherein the mixing amount is 3% of the weight of the cement.
Before construction, a large plate with delta of 70mm is closely paved on the pedestrian side and above the belt to serve as an operation platform, and the large plate is bound and fixed with a scaffold by 8# iron wires.
During construction, when the template 11 is kept wet, a layer of waste diesel oil is brushed on the surface of the template 11, so that the later-stage template removal is convenient.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the third step, the operation steps of combining the gantry specifically refer to: the construction of spraying the arch is sequentially carried out from east to west, 10m of one stubble is adopted, and a scaffold and a wood template are adopted to set plugs in front and back. The arch spraying section is sequentially carried out from the upper to the arch, and finally the top is sprayed, so that the gantry is convenient to close.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, in the third step, the quality control measures of the sprayed concrete are specifically: the spraying machine is arranged at the rear of the construction site of the spraying arch, in order to reduce honeycomb pitting, the proportion of cement and water is required to be controlled, the proportion of cement can be properly improved according to the quality of the arch body after the mould is removed, and meanwhile, the water quantity is controlled in consideration of the water spraying size of a roadway.
According to the concrete embodiment of the invention, the construction mode is parallel construction, and since the head-on is driven normally and the rear vertical mould is sprayed with arches and the roadway cannot be blocked, a driving space 13 and a belt passing space 14 are required to be reserved, when a scaffold is arranged, the belt passing space 14 is reserved on the left side of the roadway, the width of the belt conveyor is 1.2m, the height of the belt conveyor is 0.8m, and the width multiplied by the height of the reserved space is more than or equal to 1.5 multiplied by 1.2m; meanwhile, a space for passing a person is reserved on the right side of the roadway, the width of the rubber tyre is 2.0m, the height of the rubber tyre is 1.8m, and the width of the reserved space is more than or equal to 2.5 x 2.2m; in order to ensure the safety of passing vehicles and the safety of operators, a large plate with delta of 70mm is closely paved above a pedestrian side and a belt before construction and is used as an operation platform.
The anti-sticking treatment of the template 11 is carried out, the surface of the template 11 is stained with guniting scraps after being repeatedly used, and the removal is very inconvenient, so that the template 11 needs to be subjected to the anti-sticking treatment, the template 11 is kept moist during construction, and meanwhile, the surface of the template is brushed with a layer of waste diesel oil, and the later removal of the template is relatively convenient.
The forming control of the roadway is carried out, the arch 12 is simple and easy, 10# channel steel is adopted for processing, in order to ensure the specification quality after the roadway is poured, the possibility of stressed movement of the arch 12 is fully reduced during the period of stabilizing the arch 12, so that 8# iron wires are used for reinforcing the arch 12 and the roadway support anchor rod rope, meanwhile, a wood support (the wood support is removed along with the shotcrete 16) is arranged between the inner side of the arch 12 and the roadway surface 15, and the arch 12 and the scaffold steel tube are connected and fixed by iron wires. In summary, the invention adopts the simple arch bone, the template, the scaffold and the sprayed concrete to construct in a combined way, the bottom of the roadway is vertical to the mould, and the two sides of the roadway are crossed to spray the concrete until the gantry is closed finally; to ensure continuous operation, the vertical mould and the guniting are not stopped, and the vertical mould is used for advanced guniting concrete by about 10m in parallel operation. The main content of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) preparation of construction: preparing 20 arches, namely processing 10# channel steel, wherein each arch consists of 4 parts, and the two parts of the arch are arcs with the length of 4.428 m; the two parts of the upper part are straight walls with the length of 1.8 m. The arch skeleton is provided with a spacing of 1m, is fixed by a steel bar drag hook with the diameter of 18mm, and is bound with the scaffold by a 12# iron wire. The template adopts a high-quality wood board with delta 40 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 2000 (1000) mm, and the consumption of the roadway is not less than 10 m. The scaffold is erected by phi 48mm steel pipes, fasteners and high-quality large plates with the thickness of 70mm. The row spacing and the layer height among the upright posts and the cross bars of the scaffold are controlled to be about 1m, the upright posts are tightly attached to the inner side of the arch tire according to the central line, the cross bars of the scaffold tube are required to extend to the upper and abut against, a scissor support is arranged in the scaffold, the inclined support forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the ground, and the inclined support abuts against the bottom plate.
2. And (3) standing die installation: before stabilizing the arch bone, the rooting points of the foot of the arch bone are found deep and leveled according to the middle waist line. Then, a firm and reliable scaffold (serving as an operating platform after a large plate is paved) is erected in a construction area, the layer spacing is controlled to be about 1m, a sweeping rod is arranged and clings to a bottom plate, and a belt conveyor, pedestrians and a passing channel space are reserved in the erecting process. When the arch is stabilized, the arch is firstly built and then arched, and is firmly connected in time by bolts, and the arch is bound and fixed on the hand frame by 8# iron wires. After the arch bones are well stabilized, the templates are symmetrically supported from bottom to top in sequence, and the two ends of each template are fixed on the arch bones by adopting 14# iron wires.
3. Pouring by spraying and removing the mould: the sprayed concrete is carried out by adopting a ZP-VII type slurry spraying machine, floating dust on the roadway side is washed clean by clear water before operation, the strength grade of the sprayed concrete is C20, and the cement is prepared by the following steps: yellow sand: crushed stone = 1:2:2, the water-cement ratio is controlled to be 0.4-0.5, the accelerator is added uniformly according to the proportion, and the mixing amount is 3% of the weight of the cement. When spraying, operators hold the spray gun tightly, and spray the spray gun in alignment with the rear of the template. The spraying must be continuous, layered and symmetrical on both sides, each layer being 500-800 mm high. The mold must be removed at least after 8 hours after the spraying is completed. Personnel stand on the operation platform, and the mould is disassembled from top to bottom in sequence.
In summary, the invention also has the following technical effects:
1. the invention adopts the supporting method of the vertical formwork arch spraying, is beneficial to safe production, and the tunnel is poured completely according to the arch, thereby fully exerting the characteristics of uniform stress and pressure resistance of the arch tunnel. After construction, the roadway is free from local stress concentration, and the conditions of poor early-stage forming and uneven stress are improved. Meanwhile, the method has less post maintenance engineering quantity, is safer, and saves the maintenance cost of the roadway.
2. The method is favorable for the quality standardization of the mine, the construction is adopted, the roadway has good observation quality, and the method is used as a development roadway for connecting a shaft bottom parking lot, thereby being favorable for the development of quality standardization work on the mine.
3. The invention is favorable for saving materials and cost, adopts a formwork support to spray the crown, has no rebound material, reduces the labor intensity of workers, averagely saves 3.5m < 3 > of sprayed concrete per meter, converts 1.6t of cement, 4.1t of medium sand, 4.0t of broken stone and 60kg of accelerator, and totally saves 1261 yuan/meter of material cost; the workload of a mine transportation system is reduced, at least three transportation tanks are reduced, the cost is 3000 yuan/meter, and the total cost is 4261 yuan/meter.
4. The method is beneficial to civilized production, and by adopting the method, the slurry spraying is closed, the pollution of the conventional slurry spraying to systems such as pipelines, belts and cables in a roadway is reduced, and the workload of workers for protecting the cables, the pipelines, the belts and the like is reduced.
5. The invention is favorable for an underground ventilation system, adopts a vertical mould to spray arches, has smooth tunnel section and small ventilation resistance, is used as an underground main wind flow tunnel, greatly reduces wind flow resistance, reduces the starting power of a main fan and saves electric charge.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (17)
1. The utility model provides a coal mine deep well tunnel plain noodles shotcrete supporting structure which characterized in that, coal mine deep well tunnel plain noodles shotcrete supporting structure includes:
the bottom plate is a cuboid thin plate and is paved along the length direction of the roadway;
the scaffold is erected on the bottom plate and used for providing support, a travelling space is arranged on the left side of the lower part of the scaffold, and a belt space is reserved on the right side of the lower part of the scaffold;
the arch bone is arch-shaped and supported by the scaffold in the direction of the trend of the cross section of the roadway, and the arch bone in arch shape consists of two sections of vertical side parts and two sections of arc-shaped arch parts;
the template is arranged between the arch bone and the surface of the roadway, and the lower surface of the template is abutted against the outer side surface of the arch bone;
the concrete is sprayed in a gap between the upper surface of the template and the surface of the roadway and is used for forming a smooth sprayed concrete supporting structure;
the wood support is arranged between the outer side surface of the arch bone and the surface of the roadway and is used for supporting and stabilizing the arch bone;
wherein the scaffold comprises:
and (3) a cross bar: the cross rod is positioned below the arch part of the arch bone, and two ends of the cross rod are respectively abutted against the inner side surface of the upper part of the arch bone;
and (3) standing bars: the vertical rod is connected to the cross rod and is perpendicular to the cross rod in a crossing way, the lower end of the vertical rod is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the upper end of the vertical rod is abutted against the inner side surface of the arch part of the arch bone;
diagonal bracing: the diagonal braces are connected to the cross rod and the vertical rods through iron wires, one end of each diagonal brace is abutted against the inner side surface of the arch part of each arch bone, and the other end of each diagonal brace is fixed on the bottom plate;
large plate: the large plate is erected on the cross rod and used as an operation platform for construction.
2. The smooth-faced shotcrete supporting structure for a deep coal mine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the scaffold layer is 0.5-1.5m in height.
3. The smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure of a deep coal mine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the scaffold layer is 1m in height, the distance between a plurality of cross bars is 1m, and the distance between a plurality of upright bars is 1m.
4. The coal mine deep well roadway smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein an included angle between the inclined strut and the bottom plate is 60 degrees.
5. The smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure for a deep coal mine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the two sections of the upper parts are straight walls with the height of 1.8 m; the two sections of arch parts are all circular arcs with the length of 4.428m, and the two sections of circular arc parts are combined together to form the arch of the arch bone.
6. The smooth-faced shotcrete supporting structure for a deep coal mine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the arch framework is arranged at a distance of 1m.
7. A deep coal mine roadway smooth-faced shotcrete support structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said belt passing space is wide x high = 1.5 x 1.2m and said driving space is wide x high = 2.5 x 2.2m.
8. A construction method of a coal mine deep well roadway smooth surface shotcrete support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps:
step one, construction preparation: preparing a plurality of arches, and fixing the arches on the surface of a roadway through a steel bar drag hook;
preparing high-quality boards as templates, wherein the number of the boards is not less than the dosage of a roadway with the length of 10 m;
preparing a steel pipe, a fastener and a high-quality large plate for building a scaffold;
step two, standing die installation: before stabilizing the arch bones, firstly chiseling and leveling rooting points of the arch bones according to the middle waist line, then erecting a scaffold in a construction area, and arranging a sweeping rod so that the sweeping rod clings to a bottom plate, and reserving a belt conveyor, pedestrians and a passing channel space in the process of erecting the scaffold;
when the arch bone is stabilized, the arch is firstly erected and then arched, and is firmly connected by bolts in time, and the arch bone is fixed on the scaffold;
after the arch bones are well stabilized, the templates are symmetrically supported from bottom to top in sequence, and two ends of each template are fixed on the arch bones by iron wires;
step three, spray casting and demolding: spraying concrete by a slurry spraying machine, washing floating dust on the roadway side with clear water before operation, and spraying a spray head aiming at the rear of the template, wherein the slurry spraying is required to be performed continuously, in layers and symmetrically on two sides, and the height of each layer is 500-800 mm; after spraying is completed, the mould is removed at least after 8 hours, and personnel stand on the operation platform to remove the mould from top to bottom.
9. The construction method for the smooth surface shotcrete support structure of the deep coal mine roadway of claim 8
The method is characterized in that in the first step, the high-quality wood boards are delta 40 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 2000mm high-quality wood boards, and the number of the wood boards is not less than the amount of the roadway with the length of 10 m.
10. The construction method of the coal mine deep well roadway smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure according to claim 9, wherein the steel bar drag hook is ϕ mm steel bar drag hook.
11. The construction method of the coal mine deep well roadway smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure according to claim 10, wherein in the second step, the scaffold is erected strictly according to a central line and closely attached to the inner side of a arch tire, the cross bar must extend to the upper and be abutted against the upper, and a diagonal brace is arranged in the scaffold, and the inclined brace forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the ground and is abutted against the bottom plate.
12. The construction method of the coal mine deep well roadway smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure according to claim 11, wherein the steel pipe for building the scaffold is a phi 48mm steel pipe, and the thickness of the high-quality large plate is 70mm.
13. The construction method of a smooth sprayed concrete supporting structure for a deep coal mine tunnel according to claim 8, wherein in the third step, the strength grade of the sprayed concrete is C20, and the concrete is prepared by the following steps: yellow sand: crushed stone = 1:2:2, the water-cement ratio is controlled to be 0.4-0.5, the accelerator is added uniformly according to the proportion, and the mixing amount is 3% of the weight of the cement.
14. The construction method of the coal mine deep well roadway smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure according to claim 13, wherein a large plate with delta of 70mm is closely paved on the pedestrian side and above a belt as an operation platform before construction, and is bound and fixed with a scaffold by 8# iron wires.
15. The construction method of the coal mine deep well roadway smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure according to claim 13, wherein during construction, a layer of waste diesel oil is brushed on the surface of the template while keeping the template wet, so as to ensure that the later form removal is convenient.
16. The construction method of the coal mine deep well roadway smooth surface shotcrete supporting structure according to claim 8, wherein in the third step, the arch spraying construction is sequentially carried out from east to west, 10m is one stubble, and plugs are arranged in front of and behind by adopting scaffolds and wood templates; the arch spraying section is sequentially carried out from the upper to the arch, and finally the top is sprayed, so that the gantry is convenient to close.
17. The construction method of a smooth-faced shotcrete supporting structure for a deep coal mine roadway according to claim 8 or 16, wherein in the third step, the shotcrete machine is arranged behind a shotcrete construction site.
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| CN201810502221 | 2018-05-23 | ||
| CN2018105022217 | 2018-05-23 |
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| CN208280965U (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-12-25 | 淮矿西部煤矿投资管理有限公司 | Coal mine deep well tunnel smooth surface concrete spraying support structure |
| CN109915149B (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-05-04 | 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 | Variable-section tunnel excavation construction method based on climbing pilot tunnel |
| CN110410128B (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2020-12-11 | 湖南三五二环保科技有限公司 | Crawler-type coal face retracting device and using method thereof |
| CN110318797B (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2020-07-17 | 湖南三五二环保科技有限公司 | Coal face withdrawing device and using method thereof |
| CN110410127B (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2020-12-15 | 湖南三五二环保科技有限公司 | Withdrawal device for self-moving coal face and use method thereof |
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