CN108598452A - Lithium battery silicon based anode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lithium battery silicon based anode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108598452A CN108598452A CN201810022789.9A CN201810022789A CN108598452A CN 108598452 A CN108598452 A CN 108598452A CN 201810022789 A CN201810022789 A CN 201810022789A CN 108598452 A CN108598452 A CN 108598452A
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- organic molecule
- based anode
- molecule layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
- H01M4/602—Polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Present invention is disclosed a kind of lithium battery silicon based anode materials and preparation method thereof, the first organic molecule layer, the second organic molecule layer and the conductive polymer coating that wherein the silicon based anode material includes silicon nanoparticle and is coated on successively on the silicon nanoparticle, wherein, the thickness of the first organic molecule layer is not more than the thickness of the second organic molecule layer.By coating the first organic molecule layer, the second organic molecule layer and conductive polymer coating successively on silicon nanoparticle, SEI layers of pattern can effectively be maintained, inhibit the generation of Li dendrite, it can be effectively relieved since SEI layers unstable caused by the variation of silicon particle own vol, the lithium battery applications for providing higher specific capacity and preferable cycle performance may.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy battery technical fields, and in particular to a kind of lithium battery silicon based anode material and its preparation side
Method.
Background technology
Current main energy storage device includes electrochmical power source energy storage, mechanical energy storage.Compared to mechanical energy storage to environment compared with
High request, chemical energy storage such as lithium ion battery, lead-acid battery, flow battery etc. is because it is with higher energy density and power
Density and portability are widely used in consumer electronics and electric vehicle field.
Silicon have very high removal lithium embedded specific capacity and lower removal lithium embedded current potential, therefore be it is a kind of have great potential
Silicon Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries.But although silicium cathode has very high removal lithium embedded specific capacity, the body after the embedding lithium of silicon
Product expansion is very huge, this can cause silicon particle to be easily broken, and new exposed surface is caused to produce solid electrolyte membrane (SEI
Film), consumption electrolyte and the lithium in anode, to reduce the cycle life of battery, while the growth of Li dendrite is possible to pierce through
Diaphragm cause positive and negative anodes connect occur internal short-circuit and discharge heat, cause the consumption of electrolyte to decompose, even result in battery
Burning and explosion.
Invention content
One embodiment of the invention provides a kind of lithium battery silicon based anode material, can effectively inhibit the life of Li dendrite
Long, which includes with silicon based anode material：
It is silicon nanoparticle and the first organic molecule layer being coated on successively on the silicon nanoparticle, second organic small
Molecular layer and conductive polymer coating, wherein the thickness of the first organic molecule layer is no more than the second organic molecule layer
Thickness.
In one embodiment, the average grain diameter of the silicon nanoparticle is 20~100nm, preferably 20~50nm.
In one embodiment, the silicon nanoparticle is made by chemical vapour deposition technique, ball-milling method or fused salt electrolysis process.
In one embodiment, the material of the first organic molecule layer be selected from triphenyl phosphate and triphenylphosphine wherein it
One, the material of the second organic molecule layer is selected from the wherein another of triphenyl phosphate and triphenylphosphine.
In one embodiment, the conductivity of the conductive polymer coating is more than 0.05S/cm.
In one embodiment, the material of the conductive polymer coating is selected from polythiophene, polypyrrole or polyaniline.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the first organic molecule layer is 3~5nm, the second organic molecule layer
Thickness is 5~30nm.
In one embodiment, the first organic molecule layer, the second organic molecule layer and conductive polymer coating account for silicon substrate
The mass ratio of negative material is 1wt.%~7.5wt.%.
One embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of preparation method of lithium battery silicon based anode material as described above, the party
Method includes：
S1, the silicon nanoparticle in the solution comprising the first small molecule material is impregnated into the first duration, and takes out baking
It is dry；
S2, by step S1, treated that material impregnates the second duration in the solution comprising the second small molecule material, and takes
Go out drying；Wherein, second duration is not shorter than first duration；
S3, by step S3, treated that material impregnates in the solution comprising conducting polymer materials, and in the material
Surface forms the conductive polymer coating.
In one embodiment, further include：
The conductive polymer coating is formed by the conducting polymer in-situ polymerization for dissolving in a solvent, and the solvent is N- first
Base pyrrolidones.
Compared with prior art, technical scheme of the present invention has the advantages that：
By coating the first organic molecule layer, the second organic molecule layer and conducting polymer successively on silicon nanoparticle
Nitride layer can effectively maintain SEI layers of pattern, inhibit the generation of Li dendrite, can be effectively relieved since silicon particle is from body
Caused SEI layers of product variation is unstable, and the lithium battery applications for providing higher specific capacity and preferable cycle performance may.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the cycle performance that soft-package battery is assembled with obtained silicon based anode material in the embodiment of the present application 1~6 is surveyed
Attempt.
Specific implementation mode
The application is described in detail below with reference to specific implementation mode shown in the drawings.But these embodiments are simultaneously
The application is not limited, structure that those skilled in the art are made according to these embodiments, method or functionally
Transformation is all contained in the protection domain of the application.
One embodiment of the invention provides a kind of lithium battery silicon based anode material, including silicon nanoparticle and coats successively
The first organic molecule layer, the second organic molecule layer on the silicon nanoparticle and conductive polymer coating, wherein described
The thickness of first organic molecule layer is not more than the thickness of the second organic molecule layer.
In one embodiment, the average grain diameter of the silicon nanoparticle is 20~100nm, preferably 20~50nm.
In one embodiment, the silicon nanoparticle is made by chemical vapour deposition technique, ball-milling method or fused salt electrolysis process.
In one embodiment, the material of the first organic molecule layer be selected from triphenyl phosphate and triphenylphosphine wherein it
One, the material of the second organic molecule layer is selected from the wherein another of triphenyl phosphate and triphenylphosphine.
In one embodiment, the conductivity of the conductive polymer coating is more than 0.05S/cm.
In one embodiment, the material of the conductive polymer coating is selected from polythiophene, polypyrrole or polyaniline.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the first organic molecule layer is 3~5nm, the second organic molecule layer
Thickness is 5~30nm.
In one embodiment, the first organic molecule layer, the second organic molecule layer and conductive polymer coating account for silicon substrate
The mass ratio of negative material is 1wt.%~7.5wt.%.
One embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of preparation method of lithium battery silicon based anode material as described above, the party
Method includes：
S1, the silicon nanoparticle in the solution comprising the first small molecule material is impregnated into the first duration, and takes out baking
It is dry；
S2, by step S1, treated that material impregnates the second duration in the solution comprising the second small molecule material, and takes
Go out drying；Wherein, second duration is not shorter than first duration；
S3, by step S3, treated that material impregnates in the solution comprising conducting polymer materials, and in the material
Surface forms the conductive polymer coating.
In one embodiment, further include：
The conductive polymer coating is formed by the conducting polymer in-situ polymerization for dissolving in a solvent, and the solvent is N- first
Base pyrrolidones.
The technology of the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Silicon nanoparticle is prepared using fused salt electrolysis process：With CaCl2As fused salt, titanium dioxide is electrolysed at a temperature of 850 DEG C
Silicon obtains the silicon nanoparticle of average grain diameter 40nm.
5g silicon nanoparticles are stood for 24 hours, subsequent filtering drying in triphenyl phosphate solution, then drying product is put into
Triphenylphosphine stands 48h, is put into thiophene solution after filtering drying again, and liquor ferri trichloridi is added and is stirred, and obtains
Product wash to neutrality after dry, obtain target product：Polythiophene/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl [email protected], poly- thiophene
The mass ratio that pheno/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl phosphate accounts for polythiophene/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl phosphate@Si is 4.5wt.%.
Embodiment 2
Silicon nanoparticle is prepared using ball-milling method：It is by electrochemical corrosion and grinding that porous silica material is powdered, then lead to
Cross the silicon nanoparticle that powder is worn into average grain diameter 80nm by ball mill.
5g silicon nanoparticles are stood into 12h, subsequent filtering drying in triphenyl phosphate solution, then drying product is put into
Triphenylphosphine stands 48h, is put into thiophene solution after filtering drying again, and liquor ferri trichloridi is added and is stirred, and obtains
Product wash to neutrality after dry, obtain target product：Polythiophene/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl [email protected], poly- thiophene
It is 4.2wt.% that pheno/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl phosphate, which accounts for polythiophene/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl phosphate@Si mass ratioes,.
Embodiment 3
Silicon nanoparticle is prepared using fused salt electrolysis process：With CaCl2As fused salt, titanium dioxide is electrolysed at a temperature of 850 DEG C
Silicon obtains the silicon nanoparticle of average grain diameter 40nm.
5g silicon nanoparticles are stood for 24 hours, subsequent filtering drying in triphenyl phosphate solution, then drying product is put into
Triphenylphosphine stands 36h, is put into thiophene solution after filtering drying again, and liquor ferri trichloridi is added and is stirred, and obtains
Product wash to neutrality after dry, obtain target product：Polythiophene/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl [email protected], poly- thiophene
The mass ratio that pheno/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl phosphate accounts for polythiophene/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl phosphate@Si is 4.3wt.%.
Embodiment 4
Silicon nanoparticle is prepared using fused salt electrolysis process：With CaCl2As fused salt, titanium dioxide is electrolysed at a temperature of 850 DEG C
Silicon obtains the silicon nanoparticle of average grain diameter 40nm.
5g silicon nanoparticles are stood into 12h, subsequent filtering drying in triphenyl phosphate solution, then drying product is put into
Triphenylphosphine stands 26h, is put into thiophene solution after filtering drying again, and liquor ferri trichloridi is added and is stirred, and obtains
Product wash to neutrality after dry, obtain target product：Polythiophene/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl [email protected], poly- thiophene
The mass ratio that pheno/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl phosphate accounts for polythiophene/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl phosphate@Si is 3.9wt.%.
Embodiment 5
Silicon nanoparticle is prepared using fused salt electrolysis process：With CaCl2As fused salt, titanium dioxide is electrolysed at a temperature of 850 DEG C
Silicon obtains the silicon nanoparticle of average grain diameter 40nm.
5g silicon nanoparticles are stood into 36h, subsequent filtering drying in triphenyl phosphate solution, then drying product is put into
Triphenylphosphine stands 48h, is put into thiophene solution after filtering drying again, and liquor ferri trichloridi is added and is stirred, and obtains
Product wash to neutrality after dry, obtain target product：Polythiophene/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl [email protected], poly- thiophene
The mass ratio that pheno/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl phosphate accounts for polythiophene/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl phosphate@Si is 4.7wt.%.
Embodiment 6
Silicon nanoparticle is prepared using fused salt electrolysis process：With CaCl2As fused salt, titanium dioxide is electrolysed at a temperature of 850 DEG C
Silicon obtains the silicon nanoparticle of average grain diameter 40nm.
5g silicon nanoparticles are stood into 48h, subsequent filtering drying in triphenyl phosphate solution, then drying product is put into
Triphenylphosphine stands 72h, is put into chromium solution after filtering drying again, and liquor ferri trichloridi is added and is stirred, and obtains
Product wash to neutrality after dry, obtain target product：Polypyrrole/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl [email protected], poly- pyrrole
Cough up/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl phosphate account for polypyrrole/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl phosphate@Si mass ratio be 6.1wt.%.
Using the silicon based anode material assembled battery in embodiment 1 to 6.
Negative plate makes：In aqueous solution by sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) dispersion, by above-mentioned negative material and conductive charcoal
It is black to be added thereto stirring to being completely dispersed, it adds the vulgar stirring 30min of butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) aqueous solution, after froth in vacuum, applies
Cloth 100 DEG C of drying roll-ins on copper foil, are made polypyrrole/triphenylphosphine/triphenyl phosphate Si in negative plate：Carbon black：CMC：
The mass ratio of SBR is 95:2:1.2:1.8.
Positive plate makes：Kynoar (PVDF) is dispersed in anhydrous N monomethyls first to adjoin in pyrrolidone (NMP), so
Stirring is added to being completely dispersed in a certain proportion of lithium cobaltate cathode material, conductive black, electrically conductive graphite afterwards, after bubble removing, is applied
Cloth 110 DEG C of drying roll-ins on aluminium foil.Wherein lithium cobaltate cathode material:Conductive black:Conductive black:The mass ratio of PVDF is
95:2:1:2。
Obtained positive and negative plate is assembled into the soft-package battery of 1.1Ah, diaphragm therein is PE ceramic coating membranes, electricity
Solution liquid solvent is volume ratio 1:1 EC and DMC, lithium salts LiPF6。
The capacity retention ratio of each battery is as shown in Figure 1 after 250 cycles, it can be seen that and polypyrrole/triphenylphosphine/
The higher cycle performance of triphenyl phosphate accounting is better, illustrates the first organic molecule layer, the second organic molecule layer of cladding
And conductive polymer coating, SEI layers of pattern can be effectively maintained, while choosing the smaller silicon nanoparticle of grain size and being also beneficial to
Improve the cycle performance of battery.
The application is had the advantages that by the above embodiment/embodiment：
By coating the first organic molecule layer, the second organic molecule layer and conducting polymer successively on silicon nanoparticle
Nitride layer can effectively maintain SEI layers of pattern, inhibit the generation of Li dendrite, can be effectively relieved since silicon particle is from body
Caused SEI layers of product variation is unstable, and the lithium battery applications for providing higher specific capacity and preferable cycle performance may.
It should be appreciated that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment only includes one
A independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should will say
As a whole, the technical solution in each embodiment may also be suitably combined to form those skilled in the art can for bright book
With the other embodiment of understanding.
The series of detailed descriptions listed above only for the application feasible embodiment specifically
Bright, they are all without departing from equivalent implementations made by the application skill spirit not to limit the protection domain of the application
Or change should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lithium battery silicon based anode material, which is characterized in that be coated on described receive including silicon nanoparticle and successively
The first organic molecule layer, the second organic molecule layer and conductive polymer coating on rice silicon particle, wherein described first is organic
The thickness of small molecule layer is not more than the thickness of the second organic molecule layer.
2. lithium battery silicon based anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the silicon nanoparticle is averaged
Grain size is 20~100nm, preferably 20~50nm.
3. lithium battery silicon based anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the passing through of silicon nanoparticle
Vapour deposition process, ball-milling method or fused salt electrolysis process is learned to be made.
4. lithium battery silicon based anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first organic molecule layer
Material be selected from one of triphenyl phosphate and triphenylphosphine, the material of the second organic molecule layer is selected from tricresyl phosphate
Phenyl ester and triphenylphosphine it is wherein another.
5. lithium battery silicon based anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electricity of the conductive polymer coating
Conductance is more than 0.05S/cm.
6. lithium battery silicon based anode material according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the material of the conductive polymer coating
Matter is selected from polythiophene, polypyrrole or polyaniline.
7. lithium battery silicon based anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first organic molecule layer
Thickness be 3~5nm, the thickness of the second organic molecule layer is 5~30nm.
8. lithium battery silicon based anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first organic molecule
The mass ratio that layer, the second organic molecule layer and conductive polymer coating account for silicon based anode material is 1wt.%~7.5wt.%.
9. a kind of preparation method of such as claim 1 to 8 any one of them lithium battery silicon based anode material, feature exist
In this method includes：
S1, the silicon nanoparticle in the solution comprising the first small molecule material is impregnated into the first duration, and takes out drying；
S2, by step S1, treated that material impregnates the second duration in the solution comprising the second small molecule material, and takes out baking
It is dry；Wherein, second duration is not shorter than first duration；
S3, by step S3, treated that material impregnates in the solution comprising conducting polymer materials, and in the material surface
Form the conductive polymer coating.
10. preparation method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that further include：
The conductive polymer coating is formed by the conducting polymer in-situ polymerization for dissolving in a solvent, and the solvent is N- methyl pyrroles
Pyrrolidone.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114824261A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-07-29 | 贝特瑞(江苏)新能源材料有限公司 | Nano silicon composite material, preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN107305943A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-10-31 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Lithium ion battery graphite cathode material, its preparation method and application |
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| CN114824261A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-07-29 | 贝特瑞(江苏)新能源材料有限公司 | Nano silicon composite material, preparation method and application thereof |
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